• Every student will receive 3 late days• A late day is a 1 day extension that can be applied to any programming assignment. They CANNOTbe used for quizzes, exams, in class work, group assignments, or extra credit.• You may use a single extension, or multiple extensions on an assignment• You must indicate on your assignment how many late days you wish to use on the assignmentwhen you turn it in. This can be done in the assignment comment section in Canvas. Do not emailme to state how many late days you want to use.• After all late days have been used up late assignments will not be graded and assigned a score of zero.

It is essential to your success in this course that you attend lectures and participate in the discussions.Therefore, you are expected to attend each lecture and to show up on time. Lectures will take place onboth Tuesday and Thursday. Missed in class assignments, lab work, or quizzes due to absence or tardinesswill be given a zero.

There will be no make-up exams, even in the case of an emergency. A missed exam counts as a zero unless avalid excuse from a physician or the Dean’s Office is presented to the instructor. With an acceptable writtenexcuse, a missed exam score will be replaced with the percentage earned on the final exam.

late day is a 1 day extension that can be applied to any programming assignment. They CANNOTbe used for quizzes, exams, in class work, group assignments, or extra credit.

comedian

Trend (noun)

Sometimes going to the library or elsewhere is not practical for studying, and you have to find a way to cope in a shared space. Part of the solution is time management. Agree with others on certain times that will be reserved for studying; agree to keep the place quiet, not to have guests visiting, and to prevent other distractions. These arrangements can be made with a roommate, spouse, and older children. If there are younger children in your household and you have child-care responsibility, it’s usually more complicated. You may have to schedule your studying during their nap time or find quiet activities for them to enjoy while you study. Try to spend some time with your kids before you study, so they don’t feel like you’re ignoring them. (More tips are offered later in this chapter.) The key is to plan ahead. You don’t want to find yourself, the night before an exam, in a place that offers no space for studying. Finally, accept that sometimes you’ll just have to say no. If your roommate or a friend often tries to engage you in conversation or suggests doing something else when you need to study, just say no. Learn to be firm but polite as you explain that you just really have to get your work done first. Students who live at home may also have to learn how to say no to parents or family members—just be sure to explain the importance of the studying you need to do! Remember, you can’t be everything to everyone all the time.

Multitasking is the term commonly used for being engaged in two or more different activities at the same time, usually referring to activities using devices such as cell phones, smartphones, computers, and so on. Many people claim to be able to do as many as four or five things simultaneously, such as writing an e-mail while responding to an instant message (IM) and reading a tweet, all while watching a video on their computer monitor or talking on the phone. Many people who have grown up with computers consider this kind of multitasking a normal way to get things done, including studying. Even people in business sometimes speak of multitasking as an essential component of today’s fast-paced world. It is true that some things can be attended to while you’re doing something else, such as checking e-mail while you watch television news—but only when none of those things demands your full attention. You can concentrate 80 percent on the e-mail, for example, while 20 percent of your attention is listening for something on the news that catches your attention. Then you turn to the television for a minute, watch that segment, and go back to the e-mail. But you’re not actually watching the television at the same time you’re composing the e-mail—you’re rapidly going back and forth. In reality, the mind can focus only on one thing at any given moment. Even things that don’t require much thinking are severely impacted by multitasking, such as driving while talking on a cell phone or texting. An astonishing number of people end up in the emergency room from just trying to walk down the sidewalk while texting, so common is it now to walk into a pole or parked car while multitasking! “Okay,” you might be thinking, “why should it matter if I write my paper first and then answer e-mails or do them back and forth at the same time?” It actually takes you longer to do two or more things at the same time than if you do them separately—at least with anything that you actually have to focus on, such as studying. That’s true because each time you go back to studying after looking away to a message or tweet, it takes time for your mind to shift gears to get back to where you were. Every time your attention shifts, add up some more “downtime”—and pretty soon it’s evident that multitasking is costing you a lot more time than you think. And that’s assuming that your mind does fully shift back to where you were every time, without losing your train of thought or forgetting an important detail. It doesn’t always. The other problem with multitasking is the effect it can have on the attention span—and even on how the brain works. Scientists have shown that in people who constantly shift their attention from one thing to another in short bursts, the brain forms patterns that make it more difficult to keep sustained attention on any one thing. So when you really do need to concentrate for a while on one thing, such as when studying for a big test, it becomes more difficult to do even if you’re not multitasking at that time. It’s as if your mind makes a habit of wandering from one thing to another and then can’t stop.

Choose a place you can associate with studying. Make sure it’s not a place already associated with other activities (eating, watching television, sleeping, etc.). Over time, the more often you study in this space, the stronger will be its association with studying, so that eventually you’ll be completely focused as soon as you reach that place and begin. Your study area should be available whenever you need it. If you want to use your home, apartment, or dorm room but you never know if another person may be there and possibly distract you, then it’s probably better to look for another place, such as a study lounge or an area in the library. Look for locations open at the hours when you may be studying. You may also need two study spaces—one in or near where you live, another on campus. Maybe you study best at home but have an hour free between two classes, and the library is too far away to use for only an hour? Look for a convenient empty classroom.

What about listening to music while studying? Some don’t consider that multitasking, and many students say they can listen to music without it affecting their studying. Studies are inconclusive about the positive or negative effects of music on people’s ability to concentrate, probably because so many different factors are involved. But there’s a huge difference between listening to your favorite CD and spontaneously singing along with some of the songs and enjoying soft background music that enhances your study space the same way as good lighting and pleasant décor. Some people can study better with low-volume instrumental music that relaxes them and does not intrude on their thinking, while others can concentrate only in silence. And some are so used to being immersed in music and the sounds of life that they find total silence more distracting—such people can often study well in places where people are moving around. The key thing is to be honest with yourself: if you’re actively listening to music while you’re studying, then you’re likely not studying as well as you could be. It will take you longer and lead to less successful results.

Your study space should meet your study needs. An open desk or table surface usually works best for writing, and you’ll tire quickly if you try to write notes sitting in an easy chair (which might also make you sleepy). You need good light for reading, to avoid tiring from eyestrain. If you use a laptop for writing notes or reading and researching, you need a power outlet so you don’t have to stop when your battery runs out. Your study space should meet your psychological needs. Some students may need total silence with absolutely no visual distractions; they may find a perfect study carrel hidden away on the fifth floor in the library. Other students may be unable to concentrate for long without looking up from reading and momentarily letting their eyes move over a pleasant scene. Some students may find it easier to stay motivated when surrounded by other students also studying; they may find an open space in the library or a study lounge with many tables spread out over an area. Experiment to find the setting that works best for you—and remember that the more often you use this same space, the more comfortable and effective your studying will become. You may need the support of others to maintain your study space. Students living at home, whether with a spouse and children or with their parents, often need the support of family members to maintain an effective study space. The kitchen table probably isn’t best if others pass by frequently. Be creative, if necessary, and set up a card table in a quiet corner of your bedroom or elsewhere to avoid interruptions. Put a “do not disturb” sign on your door. Keep your space organized and free of distractions. You want to prevent sudden impulses to neaten up the area (when you should be studying), do laundry, wash dishes, and so on. Unplug a nearby telephone, turn off your cell phone, and use your computer only as needed for studying. If your e-mail or message program pops up a notice every time an e-mail or message arrives, turn off your Wi-Fi or detach the network cable to prevent those intrusions. Plan for breaks. Everyone needs to take a break occasionally when studying. Think about the space you’re in and how to use it when you need a break. If in your home, stop and do a few exercises to get your blood flowing. If in the library, take a walk up a couple flights of stairs and around the stacks before returning to your study area. Prepare for human interruptions. Even if you hide in the library to study, there’s a chance a friend may happen by. At home with family members or in a dorm room or common space, the odds increase greatly. Have a plan ready in case someone pops in and asks you to join them in some fun activity. Know when you plan to finish your studying so that you can make a plan for later—or for tomorrow at a set time.

Everyone needs his or her own space. This may seem simple, but everyone needs some physical area, regardless of size, that is really his or her own—even if it’s only a small part of a shared space. Within your own space, you generally feel more secure and in control. Physical space reinforces habits. For example, using your bed primarily for sleeping makes it easier to fall asleep there than elsewhere and also makes it not a good place to try to stay awake and alert for studying. Different places create different moods. While this may seem obvious, students don’t always use places to their best advantage. One place may be bright and full of energy, with happy students passing through and enjoying themselves—a place that puts you in a good mood. But that may actually make it more difficult to concentrate on your studying. Yet the opposite—a totally quiet, austere place devoid of color and sound and pleasant decorations—can be just as unproductive if it makes you associate studying with something unpleasant. Everyone needs to discover what space works best for himself or herself—and then let that space reinforce good study habits.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Upon treatment with a catalytic amount of BF3·OEt2, the reactionbetween azulene derivatives and epoxides efficiently affords azulenylethanolderivative

Further studies aimed at exploring theapplications and reactivity of the azulene derivatives accessiblethrough this methodology are currently ongoing in ourlaboratory

In summary, we have developed a convenient and broadlyapplicable protocol for the synthesis of functionalized azulenederivatives via the regioselective ring opening of epoxides

he use of enantioenriched epoxidesenabled access to chiral azulene derivatives through astereospecific, concerted SN2-type mechanism

Stereochemical studies support an SN2-type mechanism for the transformation.

Here, we report BF3·OEt2-catalyzed reactions of azulenes withepoxides, providing a regioselective and efficient route to 2-azulenylethanol derivatives. We also disclose preliminaryresults using oxetane substrates, which enabled access tohomologated functionalized azulene derivatives.

ing-opening reactions of strained cycliccompounds play a pivotal role in organic synthesis, providing aversatile strategy for constructing structurally diverse andfunctionally rich molecules.

As a result, thedevelopment of efficient and selective methodologies for thefunctionalization of azulene remains an active and importantarea of research in synthetic chemistry.

Furthermore, a preliminary investigationrevealed that appropriately substituted oxetanes can also participate in this ring-opening reaction, delivering the correspondinghomologated alcohols under similar catalytic conditions.

In most cases, this ring-opening transformation proceeds with highregioselectivity, favoring nucleophilic attack at the more substituted position of theepoxide

fast-paced

introvert

European innovations in mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques, and ship design — building on earlier models from the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean, and Chinese regions — likewise enabled Europeans to penetrate the Atlantic Ocean.

Indeed, empire building has been largely discredited during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, and “imperialist” has become a term of insult rather than a source of pride.

Was Russia a backward European country, destined to follow the lead of more highly developed Western European societies? Or was it different, uniquely Slavic or even Asian, shaped by its Mongol legacy and its status as an Asian power?

Even more important, Qing conquests, together with the expansion of the Russian Empire, utterly transformed Central Asia

A light-skinned person of biracial or multiracial background who had acquired some wealth or education might well pass as a white. One curious visitor to Brazil was surprised to find a darker-skinned man serving as a local official. “Isn’t the governor a mulatto?” inquired the visitor. “He was, but he isn’t any more,” was the reply. “How can a governor be a mulatto?”15

For justice to be achieved systemic shifts would be so comprehensive that all materials would be designed with every type of reader in mind such that no special surveying/assistance is needed. This is an ambitious but important goal for any of us in leadership/power positions.

Diversity is the presence of various intersectional identities in a given space.  It might answer the question, “Who is in the room?” or “Who is at the decision-making table?”.

n encoder-decodertransformers, the TTS alignment is learned in certain cross-attention heads of the decoder; while in decoder-only models,the alignment is learned in the self-attention layers.

his issue becomes more promi-nent when the input text is challenging and contains repeatingwords.

musée. » Voir Ferloni et Sitzia (2022).↩︎

le site Cornemuses… facilita

avait alerté sur le fait que les données

wander

charter'd

Goods are tangible items manufactured by businesses, such as laptops. Services are intangible offerings of businesses that can’t be held, touched, or stored.

Such applications and programs can now be accessed through the internet. Mobile technology allows businesses to communicate with employees, customers, suppliers, and others at the swipe of a tablet or smartphone screen. Robots help businesses automate repetitive tasks that free up workers to focus on more knowledge-based tasks critical to business operations.15

the act of "observing" or "measuring" an object is irreversible, and no truth can be attributed to an object except according to the results of its measurement

Copenhagen interpretation is a collection of views about the meaning of quantum mechanics,

About This Chapter In this chapter you will learn about the art of learning itself, as well as how to employ strategies that enable you to learn more efficiently. After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following: Discover the different types of learning and your learning practices. Make informed and effective learning choices in regards to personal engagement and motivation. Identify and apply the learning benefits of a growth mindset. Evaluate and make informed decisions about learning styles and learning skills. Recognize how personality type models influence learning and utilize that knowledge to improve your own learning. Identify the impact of outside circumstances on personal learning experiences and develop strategies to compensate for them. Recognize the presence of the “hidden curriculum” and how to navigate it.

Student Profile “When I came to college, I was a great STEM student. I knew the best ways to study for understanding the complexity of cellular mechanisms, but I had no idea how to study for classes where I would need to draw upon political theory or even how to memorize vocabulary words for language classes. Since I am now a humanities student studying Russian, I learned the hard way that you cannot study for every class the same way. For my first Russian vocabulary quiz, I studied almost 14 hours because I could not remember the words no matter how hard I tried. I was studying the Russian textbook the same way that I would study for a Chemistry or Biology class: to simply read the chapter or vocabulary list over and over again. I knew that I could not afford to be this time-inefficient for the entire semester, so I asked my professor for some tips on how to study for her class. Now, I start studying three days before each quiz by making flash cards the first day, studying the words from Russian to English the second day, and then studying the words from English to Russian by writing them down the third day. This new method is not one that works well for every class, but that’s the beauty of it! I am a better learner because I have found ways to use a more diverse range of studying tactics.” — Gabby Kennedy, Baylor University

Chapter Outline 2.1 The Power to Learn 2.2 The Motivated Learner 2.3 It's All in the Mindset 2.4 Learning Preferences 2.5 Personality Types and Learning 2.6 Applying What You Know about Learning 2.7 The Hidden Curriculum

K–12 College Many class activities are planned. Class time is given to receiving information. Homework is often similar for each student. You may have freedom in homework choices. Time is managed by others more often. Time is managed by the student.

Questions to Consider: Why are you in college? What are the rewards and value of a college degree? Why this course?

automatic. Thinking is as complex as it is necessary for our success in life. Some tools you may find useful are applications that provide challenges using mind puzzles are Peak and Elevate. These training apps offer brain training that varies from quick matching memory games to more sophisticated thought-processing speed scenarios. You can even use a straightforward tool like a flashcard app, such as Chegg Prep, to create your own thinking games -- using word associations or pictures to help you connect topics and build your skills.

Do you have a hobby or interest you spend a lot of time thinking about?

3. Find a purpose in what you do. Purpose is truly the driver for anything we pursue. If you have a strong purpose in any activity, you have reason to persist at it. Think in terms of end goals and why doing something is worth it. Purpose answers the question of “Why should I accomplish this?”

Taken as a list or a single sentence, this can be a bit overwhelming to digest. There are many things being said at the same time, and they may not all be immediately clear. To better understand what each of the “areas of concern” are and how they can impact learning, each has been separated and explained in the table below. Area of ConcernWhat it means for youHow it applies to learningReal-world example 1. Social and psychological origins of …Your motivations, not only as a student but as a person, and both the social and psychological factors that influence youThis can be everything from the original motivation behind enrolling in school in the first place, down to more specific goals like why you want to learn to write and communicate well.A drive to be self-supporting and to take on a productive role in society. 2. needs, which generate …Better job, increased income, satisfying career, prestigeThis can include the area of study you select and the school you choose to attend.Pursuing a degree to seek a career in a field you enjoy. 3. expectations of …Expectation and perception (preconceived and continuing) of educational materialWhat you expect to learn to fulfill goals and meet needs.Understanding what you need to accomplish the smaller goals. An example would be “study for an exam.” 4. the mass media or other sources, which lead to…The content and learning activities of the programSelection of content aimed at fulfilling needs. Results are student satisfaction, perceived value, and continued enrollment.Choosing which learning activities to use (e.g., texts, watch videos, research alternative content, etc.). 5. differential patterns of media exposure, resulting in …Frequency and level of participationHow you engage with learning activities and how often. Results are student satisfaction and perceived value, and continued enrollment.When, how often, and how much time you spend in learning activities. 6. needs gratification and …Better job, increased income, satisfying career, prestige, more immediate goals like pass an exam, earn a good grade, etc.Needs fulfillment and completion of goals.Learning activities that meet your learning needs, including fulfillment of your original goals. 7. other unintended consequences.Increased skills and knowledge, entertainment, social involvement and networkingCauses positive loop-back into 4, 5, and 6, reinforcing those positive outcomes.Things you learn beyond your initial goals.

The purpose of this chapter is to help make you a motivated learner and empower you to make informed choices about your own learning. Throughout the chapter, you were introduced to ideas, research, and popular models on learning and given examples of how to use each of these as an effective part of your own learning experience. Most importantly, you were able to explore how things like motivation, grit, and mindset are the most influential aspects of successful learning.

Common College Terms, What They Mean, and Why You Need to Know TermWhat It MeansWhy You Need to Know Attendance policyA policy that describes the attendance and absence expectations for a classProfessors will have different attendance expectations. Read your syllabus to determine which ones penalize you if you miss too many classes. Final examA comprehensive assessment that is given at the end of a termIf your class has a final exam, you will want to prepare for it well in advance by reading assigned material, taking good notes, reviewing previous tests and assignments, and studying. LearningThe process of acquiring knowledgeIn college, most learning happens outside the classroom. Your professor will only cover the main ideas or the most challenging material in class. The rest of the learning will happen on your own. Office hoursSpecific hours professor is in the office to meet with studentsVisiting your professor during office hours is a good way to get questions answered and to build rapport. PlagiarismUsing someone’s words, images, or ideas as your own, without proper attributionPlagiarism carries much more serious consequences in college, so it is best to speak to your professor about how to avoid it and review your student handbook’s policy. StudyThe process of using learning strategies to understand and recall informationStudying in college may look different than studying in high school in that it may take more effort and more time to learn more complex material. SyllabusThe contract of a course that provides information about course expectations and policiesThe syllabus will provide valuable information that your professor will assume you have read and understood. Refer to it first when you have a question about the course.

I will likely seek help from resources on campus.

Not very confident

Social adjustment. A new place often equals new people. But in college, those new relationships can have even more meaning. Getting to know professors not only can help you learn more in your classes, but it can also help you figure out what career pathway you want to take and how to get desired internships and jobs. Learning to reduce conflicts during group work or when living with others helps build essential workplace and life skills.

Making more money over time is not the only benefit you can earn from completing a college degree. College graduates are also more likely to experience the following: Greater job satisfaction. That’s right! College graduates are more likely to get a job that they like or to find that their job is more enjoyable than not. Better job stability. Employees with college degrees are more likely to find and keep a job, which is comforting news in times of economic uncertainty. Improved health and wellness. College graduates are less likely to smoke and more likely to exercise and maintain a healthy weight. Better outcomes for the next generation. One of the best benefits of a college degree is that it can have positive influences for the graduate’s immediate family and the next generations.

The Five Whys in Action Why are you in college?I am in college to earn a degree in speech pathology. Why do you want to earn a degree in speech pathology?I want to be able to help people who have trouble speaking. Why do you want to help people who have trouble speaking?I believe that people who have trouble speaking deserve a life they want. Why do you feel it is important that people who have trouble speaking deserve a life they want?I feel they often have needs that are overlooked and do not get treated equally. Why do you want to use your voice to help these people live a life they deserve?I feel it is my purpose to help others achieve their full potential despite having physical challenges.

Worry about making a mistake. This concern often goes with imposter syndrome. Students who worry about making a mistake don’t like to answer questions in class, volunteer for a challenging assignment, and even ask for help from others. Instead of avoiding situations where you may fail, embrace the process of learning, which includes—is even dependent on—making mistakes. The more you practice courage in these situations and focus on what you are going to learn from failing, the more confident you become about your abilities.

Here is a secret about college success that not many people know: successful students seek help. They use resources. And they do that as often as necessary to get what they need.

GrowthYour propensity to seek and consider new ideas, additional alternatives, different approaches, and fresh perspectives ResilienceYour capacity to respond constructively and ideally make use of all kinds of adversity InstinctYour gut-level capacity to pursue the right goals in the best and smartest ways TenacityThe degree to which you persist, commit to, stick with, and go after whatever you choose to achieve

In true grit fashion, for your next try, you study those items on your list where you found you needed a bit more information, and then you go through your list again. This time you are able to write down summaries of all the important points, and you are confident you have the knowledge you need to do well on the exam. After this, you still do not stop, but instead you change your approach to use other methods that keep what you have learned fresh in your mind.

Failed attempts are viewed as merely part of the process and seen as a very useful way to gain knowledge that moves you toward success.

Grit can be defined as personal perseverance toward a task or goal. In learning, it can be thought of as a trait that drives a person to keep trying until they succeed. It is not tied to talent or ability, but is simply a tendency to not give up until something is finished or accomplished.

metacognition (i.e., thinking about thinking).

In addition to the physical transformation that takes place during learning, there are also a number of other factors that can influence how easy or how difficult learning something can be.

Learning was thought to be a lot like copying and pasting words in a document; the student’s mind was blank and ready for an instructor to teach them facts that they could quickly take in. As it turns out, learning is much more than that. In fact, at its most rudimentary level, it is an actual process that physically changes our brains.

Simply put, procrastination is the act of delaying some task that needs to be completed. It is something we all do to greater and lesser degrees. For most people, a little minor procrastination is not a cause for great concern. But there are situations where procrastination can become a serious problem with a lot of risk. These include: when it becomes a chronic habit, when there are a number of tasks to complete and little time, or when the task being avoided is very important. Because we all procrastinate from time to time, we usually do not give it much thought, let alone think about its causes or effects. Ironically, many of the psychological reasons for why we avoid a given task also keep us from using critical thinking to understand why procrastination can be extremely detrimental, and in some cases difficult to overcome. To succeed at time management, you must understand some of the hurdles that may stand in your way. Procrastination is often one of the biggest. What follows is an overview of procrastination with a few suggestions on how to avoid it.

High school homework often consists of worksheets or tasks based on reading or classroom activities. In other words, all the students are doing the same tasks, at relatively the same time, with little autonomy over their own education. Using the earlier example of the presentation assignment, not only will what you do be larger in scale, but the depth of understanding and knowledge you will put into it will be significantly more than you may have encountered in previous assignments. This is because there are greater expectations required of college graduates in the workplace. Nearly any profession that requires a college degree has with it a level of responsibility that demands higher-level thinking and therefore higher learning. An often-cited example of this is the healthcare professional. The learning requirements for that profession are strict because we depend on those graduates for our health and, in some cases, our lives. While not every profession may require the same level of study needed for healthcare, most do require that colleges maintain a certain level of academic rigor to produce graduates who are competent in their fields. Footnotes

In fact, the estimated time you should spend will be at least two hours of outside learning for every one hour of lecture. Some weeks may be more intense, depending on the time of the semester and the courses you are taking. If those hours are multiplied over several courses in a given session, you can see how there is a significant amount of time to manage. Unfortunately, many students do not always take this into consideration, and they spend far less time than is needed to be successful. The results of poor time management are often a shock to them.

As an example of how this works, think about a college assignment that involves giving a classroom presentation. To complete the assignment, you are given time to research and reflect on the information found. As a part of the assignment, you must reach your own conclusions and determine which information that you have found is best suited for the presentation. While the date of the actual presentation and how long it will last are usually determined by the instructor, how much time you spend gathering information, the sources you use, and how you use them are left to you.

In the workplace, the situation is not very different, with activities and time on task being monitored by the company and its management. This is so much a part of the working environment that many companies research how much time each task should take, and they hold employees accountable for the time spent on these job functions. In fact, having these skills will help you stand out on the job and in job interviews.

A grit partner does not have to be a formal relationship. Your partner can simply be a classmate—someone that you can talk with. It can be an instructor you admire or someone else that you establish a connection with. It can even be a family member who will encourage you—someone you do not want to disappoint. What you are looking for is someone who will help motivate you, either by their example or by their willingness to give you a pep talk when you need it. The key is that it is someone you respect and who will encourage you to do well in school.

quick Internet search will reveal that there are a large number of articles out there on grit and how to get it. While these sources may vary in their lists, most cover about five basic ideas that all touch upon concepts emphasized by Duckworth. What follows is a brief introduction to each. Note that each thing listed here begins with a verb. In other words, it is an activity for you to do and keep doing in order to build grit.

For most of the time formal education has existed in our society, educators truly believed that beating students when they made a mistake actually helped them learn faster.

concept of grit has been taken beyond the original studies of successful learning. While the concept of grit as a personality trait was originally recognized as something positive in all areas of activity, encouraging grit became very popular in education circles as a way to help students become more successful. In fact, many of those that were first introduced to grit through education have begun applying it to business, professional development, and their personal lives. Using a grit approach and working until the goal is achieved has been found to be very effective in not only academics, but in many other areas.2

personality trait was defined as “grit” by the psychologist Angela Duckworth.1 In a 2007 study Duckworth and colleagues found that individuals with high grit were able to maintain motivation in learning tasks despite failures. The study examined a cross section of learning environments, such as GPA scores in Ivy League universities, dropout rates at West Point, rankings in the National Spelling Bee, and general educational attainment for adults. What the results showed was that grit and perseverance were better predictors of academic success and achievement than talent or IQ.

example, simple memorization is a form of learning that does not always require deeper understanding. Children often learn this way when they memorize poems or verses they recite. An interesting example of this can be found in the music industry, where there have been several hit songs sung in English by vocalists who do not speak English. In these cases, the singers did not truly understand what they were singing, but instead they were taught to memorize the sounds of the words in the proper order.

Thankfully, birching (striking someone with a rod made from a birch tree) has fallen out of favor in education circles, and our institutions of learning have adopted different approaches. In this chapter, not only will you learn about current learning theories that are backed by neuroscience (something we did not have back in the days of birching), but you will also learn other learning theories that did not turn out to be as effective or as thoroughly researched as once thought. That does not mean those ideas about learning are useless. Instead, in these cases you find ways to separate the valuable parts from the myths to make good learning

Watch this TEDx video on learning styles and the importance of critical thinking.

Rick says: I’ve wanted to work in radio since I was in high school and had great opportunities in college to learn at the campus station. I interned for a semester at a local Top 40 station and, after graduation, was offered a position as the producer of the station’s morning show. The only problem: I had to be at the radio station by 4:45 a.m. I couldn’t do it. I tried everything—alarms on my phone, clock radio alarms, friends calling me. This is not a job you can be late for—dead air is a radio DJ’s greatest nightmare. But no matter what I tried, I could not wake up on time. The third time I arrived late, the radio station let me go.

How to Manage Time The simplest way to manage your time is to accurately plan for how much time it will take to do each task, and then set aside that amount of time. How you divide the time is up to you. If it is going to take you five hours to study for a final exam, you can plan to spread it over five days, with an hour each night, or you can plan on two hours one night and three hours the next. What you would not want to do is plan on studying only a few hours the night before the exam and find that you fell very short on the time you estimated you would need. If that were to happen, you would have run out of time before finishing, with no way to go back and change your decision. In this kind of situation, you might even be tempted to “pull an all-nighter,” which is a phrase that has been used among college students for decades. In essence it means going without sleep for the entire night and using that time to finish an assignment. While this method of trying to make up for poor planning is common enough to have a name, rarely does it produce the best work.

About This Chapter In this chapter you will learn about two of the most valuable tools used for academic success: prioritizing and time management. By the time you complete this chapter, you should be able to do the following: Articulate the ways in which time management differs from high school to college. Outline reasons and effects of procrastination, and provide strategies to overcome it. Describe ways to evaluate your own time management skills. Discuss the importance and the process of prioritization. Articulate the importance of goal setting and motivation. Detail strategies and specific tactics for managing your time.

Chapter Outline 3.1 The Benefits of Time Management 3.2 Time Management in College 3.3 Procrastination: The Enemy Within 3.4 How to Manage Time 3.5 Prioritization: Self-Management of What You Do and When You Do It 3.6 Goal Setting and Motivation 3.7 Enhanced Strategies for Time and Task Management

Revisit the questions you answered at the beginning of the chapter, and consider one option you learned in this chapter that might change your answer to them. I am fully aware of the expectations of college and how to meet them. I know why I am in college and have clear goals that I want to achieve. Most of the time, I take responsibility for my learning new and challenging concepts. I feel comfortable working with faculty, advisors, and classmates to accomplish my goals.

I think now that have read this chapter of this book, i can confidently say a YES to this questions.

Making the transition into college smoother for you can have long-term benefits. What have you learned about in this chapter that you want to know more about that could help you?

Student Profile “I never considered myself a problem solver. I was more creative. I wrote music and fiction, and saw myself in a musical theater career. Two years of college and two majors later, I had moved into a related pathway: entertainment management. I was thrilled to find something that suited my passions and gave me a great shot at a number of jobs. But I hadn’t counted on the business and math courses I needed to take. Solving these types of problems wasn’t in my skill set. I didn’t have the background, and kept missing half the ideas. I started going to the academic success center and office hours, and managed to keep my grades in the passing range. But I wasn’t excelling and couldn’t stay ahead. It was a struggle. During a study session, a success counselor noticed that I was approaching a problem all wrong. She helped me for the next hour -- not working on the problem itself, but on how I was thinking about it and others like it. She asked me about the information I knew, how I put it together, and so on. She taught me a progression of steps to analyze the components, get the data I needed, ignore the unimportant information, and run the numbers. Then she had me watch a TED talk with some more information. I realized that it wasn’t my prior knowledge that was holding me back. It was the way I was thinking about the work. I started asking my professors more about how to approach the courses -- how to think about them. I didn’t start getting A’s right away, but I did get better results, and even felt more creative as I started to try new things.”

7.1 What Thinking Means 7.2 Creative Thinking 7.3 Analytical Thinking 7.4 Critical Thinking 7.5 Problem-Solving 7.6 Metacognition 7.7 Information Literacy

When you consider the word thinking, does your mind drift toward: School Work Relationships Free time

About This Chapter In this chapter, you’ll be introduced to different ways of thinking about the way you think. By the time you complete this chapter, you should be able to do the following: Describe thinking as a process and the reasons it is important. Discuss the importance of creative thinking and ways of generating original ideas. Define analytical thinking, its component parts, and outcomes. Articulate the process and importance of critical thinking. Describe the best approaches to problem-solving. Define metacognition and describe ways to become thoughtful about your thinking. Define information literacy for college students.

Asking questions

Thinking isn’t something we can turn on and off when we enter or leave a classroom—we think about everything. We may have different strategies and processes for thinking in different environments, but all thinking starts with our own ideas coming into contact with new information and experiences. What would you like to learn more about? Choose topics from the list below, or create your own ideas relative to thinking and research them. learning to be a creative thinker

It's probably worth mentioning that much of this work creating maize from teosinte, learning to freeze-dry potatoes and detoxify cassava, and identifying wheat and rice as valuable plants, was probably done by women.

CloseSearchLog in to highlight and take notes. It’s 100% free.Log inCancel All professions need thinkers to take good ideas and make them better and to tackle problems that seem unresolvable and make sense of them. No job or career area is exempt from this crucial human resource. Your critical thinking in college will help you succeed in the work you do after your academic journey.

This position capitalises on the dynamics of participation in community prac-tices and on unique individual contributions to transform these practices as the ground-ing for both identity and learning. ‘Identity is about the search of a meaningful activitythat can make a difference that matters to others and to ourselves and thereforeconstitutes the uniqueness of ourselves’ (Stetsenko 2017, 228).

Roger Williams

I crave your leave and patience to present you with some few considerations occasioned by the late transactions between your colony and ours. The last year you were pleased to tell me that you longed to see my face once more before you died. I embraced your love, though I feared my old lame bones and yours had arrested traveling in this world.

True, much of Life is with People is an exercise in avoidance in its portrait of a way of life that Zborowski knew to be darker and more complex than the bright, Chagall-like hues in which he painted it. The book’s title is drawn from a chapter on the pleasures of community in a world where all knew everything about everyone else—”there are no secrets in the shtetl”—which was just the sort of place Zborowski would have deplored. Yet, embedded inside the book, too, is a story about class and status, sheyne and proste Yiden, that is probably as sincere as he would ever tell.

till, Zborowski exerted decisive influence on all aspects of the book, none more than on its emphasis on social status. On rereading Life is with People, it is striking how pivotal this theme is to its portrait of Jewish life. Social stratification is, of course, a central theme in the social sciences, but it was Zborowski who thrust the issue into the heart of the group’s deliberations with an interest that seemed anything but dispassionate. At nearly every meeting of the group there was close analysis of the impact on religious and cultural life of “sheyne” and “proste” yidn. The index heading in Life is with People for “social stratification” lists sixteen subheadings, and the book lavishes no fewer than seven pages on who sits closest to the Eastern Wall in the synagogue (no wonder it was picked up on by the writers of Fiddler on the Roof).

Ukranian town of 28,000, and though he might, conceivably, have cherished the idea of writing an ethnology of Eastern European Jewry, it was not a culture that he himself held dear. In fact, he had been estranged from it since adolescence, and his most significant professional experience was not as an anthropologist (he never really received a doctorate, as he sometimes claimed, from the Sorbonne), but as a Sovi

is an ethnography that is also a “how-to” book

ife is with People examines shtetls not in their considerable variety but as instances of a single ideal type presented in the present tense, as if it still existed.

The world it explored was, it insisted, continuous with—but also distinct from—everything around it, not quite part of Russia or Poland yet inside both, a kind of island of unadulterated Yiddishkayt before it was diluted, then destroyed.

At the very first glimmer of brightening dawn,[Gilgamesh arose and entered his treasury.]He undid its sealings, inspected the gems:obsidian, carnelian, [lapis lazuli,] ... alabaster. VIII 95· ........ skilfully worked,· ........ he provided for his friend.· ........ he provided for his friend,· ..... of x+ 10 minas of gold he provided for his friend.· ..... of x minas of gold he provided for his friend. VIII lOO· ..... of x minas of gold he provided for his friend.· ..... of x minas of gold he provided for his friend.· ..... between them, mounted in thirty minas of gold,· ..... was their ... , he provided for his friend. VIII I05· ..... was their ... , he provided for his friend.· . . . . .... was their thickness,· ..... was their ... , he provided for his friend.· ........ large· ........ he provided for his friend. VIII IIO· ........ of his waist· ........ he provided for his friend.· ........ he provided for his friend.· ........ he provided for his friend.· ........ he provided for his friend. VIII 1I5· ........ he provided for his friend.· ........ of his feet, he provided for his friend.· ..... of x talents of ivory ... ,

mulberry trees

it has in these four latter years

people who cross the border without documents come in peace, only wanting to access a higher level of education and/or a greater life for their families

, 'I believe in the holy Christian Church,' the Pope cannot alone be right; else we must say, 'I believe in the Pope of Rome,' and reduce the Christian Church to one man, which is a devilish and damnable heresy.

That is why, in cases of necessity, every man can baptize and absolve, which would not be possible if we were not all priests.

Christians are truly of the spiritual estate, and there is no difference among them, save of office.

Thirdly, if they are threatened with a council, they invented the notion that no one may call a council but the Pope.

t happens we have continuously many and different diseases

And to avoid such a great evil we passed a law so that any white man living in our kingdoms and wanting to purchase goods in any way should first inform three of our noblemen and officials of our court whom we rely upon in this matter…who should investigate if the mentioned goods are captives or free men, and if cleared by them there will be no further doubt nor embargo for them to be taken and embarked.

immediately ironed and branded with fire, and when they are carried to be embarked, if they are caught by our guards' men the whites allege that they have bought them but they cannot say from whom, so that it is our duty to do justice and to restore to the freemen their freedom, but it cannot be done if your subjects feel offended, as they claim to be.

seize many of our people, freed and exempt men, and very often it happens that they kidnap even noblemen and the sons of noblemen, and our relatives, and take them to be sold to the white men who are in our kingdoms; and for this purpose they have concealed them; and others are brought during the night so that they might not be recognized.

since the mentioned merchants are taking every day our natives, sons of the land and the sons of our noblemen and vassals and our relatives,

The Mughal Empire of India was established in 1526 by a Persian-speaking dynasty that traced its authority back to Genghis Khan’s second son, Chagatai.

the trade routes and major markets connecting to the Silk Road such as Cairo and Baghdad.

and the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East.

Recordings and Messaging by Interaction - report

Interaction Agent

Inbound Traffic by Hour

New Netherland

período de planificación.

Whenever I know that I doubt something or want something,I understand that I lack something and am therefore notwholly perfect

I understand a substance that is infinite,eternal, unchangeable, independent, supremely intelligent,supremely powerful, which created myself and anything elsethat may exist. The more carefully I concentrate on theseattributes, the less possible it seems that any of them couldhave originated from me alone. So this whole discussionimplies that God necessarily exists.

For example, I think that astone is a substance, or is a thing capable of existing indepen-dently, and I also think that I am a substance.

obscure way that I don’t even know whether they are trueor false

As to my ideas of bodies, so far as I can see they containnothing that is so great or excellent that it couldn’t haveoriginated in myself

So the natural light makes itclear to me that my ideas are like pictures or images that caneasily •fall short of the perfection of the things from whichthey are taken, but which can’t •exceed it

Thus, for example, althoughGod is obviously not himself hot, he can cause something tobe hot because he contains heat not straightforwardly but ina higher form·

over $9.7 billion will have been spent on campaign ads

reasons the royal court in Lisbon

Some of the Spanish explained native success in 1680 as the work of the Devil, who had stirred up the Pueblo to take arms against God’s chosen people.

We project ourselves. . . past the End, so as to see the structure as a whole, a thing we cannot dofrom our spot in the middle”

the zombie-themed graphic novel

For another sixty years there were two competing Papal Courts

Instead the church found itself pulled into regional contests for power,

Europeans typically built their cities on top of previous native settlements: other examples are Mexico City, Cusco, and Plymouth. The Timucua population had been devastated by diseases introduced by the Spanish, shrinking from around 200,000 before contact to fifty thousand by 1590. By 1700, only one thousand Timucua remained.

After the Armenian genocide in 1915, during World War One, the Armenian quarter of Isfahan became one of the oldest and largest Armenian centers in the world.

But I wish the United States would evaluate more deeply the great contribution that we (Latinos) are, and give opportunities to those who are here doing everything legally and properly

Hispanics are a key part and engine in the economic development of the United States and will become even more relevant as the rest of the population ages in the coming decades,

Gastronomy

Carla Rodríguez

exas, and Arizona as a window into the labor struggle, social justice, Mexican Independence, migration, historical figures, pre-Hispanic symbols, and daily life.

Their presence and reach in the country have been such that in the 1960s the Chicano movement was born with the objective of empowering the U.S. population of Mexican descent and was focused in the southwestern United States.

Only sixty out of 500 settlers survived the winter and some resorted to stealing bodies from graves for food.

5e langue mondiale par le nombre de ses locuteurs, après l’anglais, le mandarin, l’hindi et l’espagnol, la langue française est la seule, avec l’anglais, à être présente sur les 5 continents.

mployees who telework can miss out on informal learning and interpersonal net-working, both of which can provide learning opportunities and potential careeradvancement (Cooper & Kurland, 2002).

Both formal and informal methods can conveyto employees the level of support that the organization is willing to provid

Immediatesupervisors can reduce the extent to which the work role of employees interferes withthe family role (Lapierre & Allen, 2006). Koch and Binnewies (2015) found thatsupervisors who provided support and segmented the home and work domains wereperceived as strong work-life-friendly role models.

Positive effects on job satisfaction and health outcomes have been demonstratedwhen managers are supportive of work-family progra

Organizations with a long-hours culture createunaccommodating attitudes that are likely to discourage employees from making useof available work-life programs (Beauregard & Henry, 2009).

Employees will not participate in FWAs if they feel that doing so will jeopardizejob security, work assignments, or promotional possibilities

Therefore, inconsistencies can arisewhen organizations advocate for flexible work policies while simultaneously devalu-ing employees who use them (Putnam et al., 2014)

Flexibility availability has been defined as “theextent to which employees feel free to use such policies, whether formal or informal”

Leschyshyn and Minnotte(2014) suggested that future research should pay closer attention to various forms ofsupport related to the enhancement of employee outcomes

Employers concerned about employee job satisfaction seek to provide opportuni-ties to enrich the workplace experience (Nicklin & McNall, 2013).

more efficient.

While the economy plunged, the needfor organizations to do what they could to keep progressing became imperative. As aresult, employees found themselves working from home, home-schooling their chil-dren, spending time on teleconference calls, changing their work completely to virtualinteractions, and logging in from home.

they’ll receive an email notification

Answer

many conquistadors took native women as wives and mistresses

The Spanish imagined themselves to be at the top of a social pyramid, with people of mixed race beneath them and native peoples and Africans at the bottom

Consulta: ante request, resolver SIM y retornar provider_id / integration_id vigentes. Actualización: si llega un cambio válido de binding (típicamente desde CAP-01), persistir el nuevo provider_id / integration_id. Si el binding cambió, emitir evento SimBindingInvalidated para que provider-service invalide caché. No ejecutar acciones técnicas.

r sin modificar el estado administrativo ni dispa

Reconciliar

estado observado

What type of system best helps you to manage your resources? When conducting any type of thinking, you need to have a firm grasp on information literacy, or knowing how to access the sources you may need. Practicing good information literacy skills involves more than simply using a search engine such as Google, although that could be a starting point. You also engage in creative thinking (i.e., generating topics to research), analytical thinking (i.e., reading and examining the parts of sources), and critical thinking (i.e., evaluating sources for accuracy, authority, etc.). Then there is synthesis that is used when incorporating multiple sources into a research project. Information literacy utilizes all of the necessary thinking skills. If you saw the name of a person on the cover of a magazine, for instance, you might assume the person did something important to merit the attention. If you were to google the person’s name, you would instantly need to use context clues to determine if the information your search produced is actually about your person and not someone else with the same or a similar name, whether the information is accurate, and if it is current. If it is not, you would need to continue your research with other sources.

If you stop and recognize this challenge with the aim of improving your comprehension, you are practicing metacognition. You may decide to highlight difficult terms to look up, write a summary of each paragraph in as few sentences as you can, or join a peer study group to work on your comprehension. If you know you retain material better if you hear it, you may read out loud or watch video tutorials covering the material. These are all examples of thinking about how you think and adapting your behavior based on this metacognition. Likewise, if you periodically assess your progress toward a goal, such as when you check your grades in a course every few weeks during a long semester so you know how well you are doing, this too is metacognition. Beyond just being a good idea, thinking about your own thinking process allows you to reap great benefits from becoming more aware of and deliberate with your thoughts. If you know how you react in a specific thinking or learning situation, you have a better chance to improve how well you think or to change your thoughts altogether by tuning into your reaction and your thinking. You can plan how to move forward because you recognize that the way you think about a task or idea makes a difference in what you do with that thought. The famous Greek philosopher Socrates allegedly said, “The unexamined life isn’t worth living.” Examine your thoughts and be aware of them.

How can determining the best approach to solve a problem help you generate solutions? Why do thinkers create multiple solutions to problems? When we’re solving a problem, whether at work, school, or home, we are being asked to perform multiple, often complex, tasks. The most effective problem-solving approach includes some variation of the following steps: Determine the issue(s) Recognize other perspectives Think of multiple possible results Research and evaluate the possibilities Select the best result(s) Communicate your findings Establish logical action items based on your analysis

Once you have all your information gathered and you have checked your sources for currency and validity, you need to direct your attention to how you’re going to present your now well-informed analysis. Be careful on this step to recognize your own possible biases. Facts are verifiable; opinions are beliefs without supporting evidence. Stating an opinion is just that. You could say “Blue is the best color,” and that’s your opinion. If you were to conduct research and find evidence to support this claim, you could say, “Researchers at Oxford University recognize that the use of blue paint in mental hospitals reduces heart rates by 25% and contributes to fewer angry outbursts from patients.” This would be an informed analysis with credible evidence to support the claim.

Component parts refer to the separate elements of a situation or problem. It might include the people involved, the locations of the people, the weather, market fluctuations, or any number of other characteristics of the situation you’re examining. If you don’t identify all parts of a problem, you run the risk of ignoring a critical element when you offer the solution. For example, if you have a scheduling problem at home and seem to never see your loved ones, the first step in thinking through this problem analytically would be to decide what is contributing to this unfavorable result. To begin, you may examine the family members’ individual work, school, and personal schedules, and then create a group calendar to determine if pockets of time exist that are not taken by outside commitments. Perhaps rather than reading your homework assignments at the college library, you could plan to one day a week read with other members of your family who are doing quiet work. You may also need to determine how time is spent to better understand the family’s use of time, perhaps using categories such as work/school, recreation, exercise, sleep, and meals. Once you sort the categories for all the family members, you may see blocks of time spent that would lend themselves to combining with other categories—if you and your significant other both exercise three times a week for an hour each time but at separate locations, one possible solution may be to work out together. You could alternate locations if both people have favorite places to run, or you could compromise and decide on one location for both of you—one week at the park, one week at the campus rec center. This may not ultimately be the solution, but after establishing the component parts and thinking analytically, you have provided at least one viable solution.

Thinking helps in many situations, as we’ve discussed throughout this chapter. When we work out a problem or situation systematically, breaking the whole into its component parts for separate analysis, to come to a solution or a variety of possible solutions, we call that analytical thinking. Characteristics of analytical thinking include setting up the parts, using information literacy, and verifying the validity of any sources you reference. While the phrase analytical thinking may sound daunting, we actually do this sort of thinking in our everyday lives when we brainstorm, budget, detect patterns, plan, compare, work puzzles, and make decisions based on multiple sources of information. Think of all the thinking that goes into the logistics of a dinner-and-a-movie date—where to eat, what to watch, who to invite, what to wear, popcorn or candy—when choices and decisions are rapid-fire, but we do it relatively successfully all the time.

timeline administrativo asociado a la SIM (e

lver SIM administrativa por iccid/sim_id y validar ownership.

Retornar el detalle compuesto.

estado, customer, alias

Validar permisos y scope de visibilidad (Vendor vs Cliente).

compuesta con datos técnicos observados y metadata externa solo para visualización.

identitarios básicos.

cliente, alias

In assessing search results, there are a few important considerations. Typically, the sites linked first in a search (using Google) are "sponsored links", sites that have paid to have their links first in line. The next hits listed are those which Google's algorithm has determined are the most popular related to the topic searched. These sites, however, may be linked higher not due to real popularity – or to the usefulness of their information – but because of the effectiveness of their search engine optimization (SEO).

Because gravity is vertical,

He didn’t mean anything bythat mistranslation, I’m sure. But somehow Icould feel myself being erased