1. Last 7 days
    1. I was laid off by Atlassian
      • Introduction and Context: The author reflects on his experiences after being affected by layoffs at Atlassian, where he worked for approximately 8 years. He shares details about the technical architecture he built, key achievements, and non-technical lessons learned to inspire others in similar situations.
      • The Interview Process (8 Years Ago):
        • Began with an online coding quiz on HackerRank, which he aced with full marks.
        • The first technical round involved reading a Cloudflare white paper on custom domains for 10 minutes and then answering architectural questions regarding microservices and containers.
        • The second technical round was a live troubleshooting simulation of a real Atlassian incident (an application issue causing a Denial of Service). He also faced questions about latency-based DNS routing.
        • During the values interview, when asked what success would look like in 12 months, the interviewers outlined the need for an internal platform application to provide self-service load balancing for Atlassian dewelopers.
      • Building the Open Service Broker (OSP):
        • In his first few weeks, the author built an application adhering to the Open Service Broker API specification to automate infrastructure provisioning in a Kubernetes environment.
        • Internal developers declared their infrastructure requirements using configuration files in version control, which build servers then uploaded to the broker.
        • The system was originally built in Python using the Connexion library (routing based on OpenAPI documents), later migrated to pure Flask, and eventually transitioned to FastPI.
        • The architecture utilized an asynchronous task queue model: FastAPI received requests, pushed task details to AWS SQS, and background workers handled tasks (like creating DNS records or CloudFront distributions) while writing status updates to DynamoDB.
      • Transitioning to Envoy Proxy and Sovereign (Control Plane):
        • Atlassian decided to replace expensive corporate enterprise load balancers with Envoy Proxy, an open-source, cloud-native proxy.
        • The author built a custom Envoy management server/control plane named Sovereign (which was open-sourced on Bitbucket).
        • Built with FastAPI, Sovereign pulled dynamic context data from the broker's database and AWS S3 buckets, injected it into templates for Envoy resources (clusters, routes, listeners), and dynamically pushed updated configurations to running proxies over the wire.
      • Infrastructure as Code and Image Automation (AMI):
        • The entire proxy infrastructure—comprising around 2,000 proxies across 13 AWS regions—was deployed using AWS CloudFormation templates defining VPCs, subnets, Network Load Balancers (NLBs), Security Groups, and Auto Scaling Groups.
        • To create standardized images, the team used HashiCorp Packer combined with SaltStack (a declarative configuration management tool similar to Ansible or Chef).
        • The resulting AMI had pre-installed and optimized components, including Envoy, network tuning configurations, security hardening layers, and observability agents for logging, tracing, and metrics.
      • Mass Migration and Edge Centralization:
        • Following the initial framework setup, the team spent roughly two years migrating major Atlassian core products (Jira, Confluence, Bitbucket, Statuspage) and thousands of microservices behind this centralized edge infrastructure.
        • The platform locked down public exposures; microservices could no longer be accessed publicly by accident. Developers had to explicitly signal intent through the proxy configuration.
        • Centralizing these features saved millions of dollars and massive development time, sparing thousands of developers from having to independently implement features like authentication, authz, or rate limiting on their own backends.
      • Sidecar Architecture and Custom Rust Tools:
        • While DDoS protection was offloaded to AWS CloudFront and Access Logs were captured natively via Envoy's HTTP Connection Manager filters, more complex features required a sidecar container model running locally on the proxy EC2 instances.
        • The author personally designed and wrote a custom authentication sidecar container from scratch using Rust ("the Lord's language").
        • Other specialized internal teams contributed separate sidecar containers for authorization and rate-limiting.
      • Non-Technical Growth and Professional Lessons:
        • Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution: Working with various managers and diverse personalities for nearly a decade forced the author to dramatically mature his skills in persuasion, mentoring, and navigating interpersonal friction.
        • Code Churn and Long-Term Maintenance: The author notes that building software is easy, but maintaining its malleability over time is hard. Codebases develop highly predictable areas of continuous modification ("code churn"), which serve as code smells indicating growing complexity that must be actively refactored before coupling paralyzes development.
        • Mentoring vs. Training: The author successfully mentored an intern to achieve the highest possible performance rating and a return offer. However, he reflects on mentoring as a highly challenging balancing act—knowing how to guide someone without giving away answers or letting them get overly frustrated—distinguishing it from his everyday engineering strength of breaking down complex system architectures into easily digestible mental models for peers.
    1. KOREA MA PROBLEM Z AI. Jak wygląda OBSESJA Koreańczyków na punkcie SZTUCZNEJ INTELIGENCJI?
      • Przypadek fałszywego zdjęcia wilka: W kwietniu 2026 roku z zoo w Daegu uciekł wilk o imieniu Nkku. 40-letni mężczyzna wygenerował za pomocą AI fałszywe zdjęcie zwierzęcia na skrzyżowaniu, które zostało bezkrytycznie wykorzystane przez służby ratunkowe i Departament Ochrony Środowiska, co zakłóciło akcję poszukiwawczą. Mężczyźnie grozi do 5 lat więzienia lub grzywna do 10 milionów wonów.
      • Skala adopcji AI w Korei Południowej: W 2025 roku kraj ten zajął drugie miejsce na świecie pod względem liczby płatnych użytkowników ChatGPT (ustępując tylko USA). Z mobilnej aplikacji ChatGPT korzystało tam 17,4 miliona osób, co stanowi ponad 1/3 populacji kraju. Korea odnotowała największy globalny wzrost adopcji sztucznej inteligencji.
      • Konsumpcja tzw. „AI slop”: Korea Południowa zajmuje pierwsze miejsce na świecie pod względem konsumpcji niskiej jakości, masowo generowanych przez AI treści (tzw. AI slop). Koreańskie kanały na YouTube produkujące taki kontent zgromadziły łącznie około 8,5 miliarda wyświetleń.
      • Sztuczna inteligencja w przemyśle K-pop: Twórcy muzyczni masowo korzystają z generatywnego AI. Przykładem są zespoły takie jak Eternity (11 wirtualnych członkiń stworzonych technologią Deep Real AI) oraz Galaxy (3-osobowy, w pełni wygenerowany boysband). Około 90% fanów deklaruje, że nie przeszkadza im fakt, iż ich idole zostali stworzeni przez sztuczną inteligencję.
      • Programy społeczne i instytucje publiczne: * W prowincji Gyeonggi działa chatbot AI, który raz w tygodniu dzwoni do samotnych seniorów, by sprawdzić ich stan zdrowia i w razie potrzeby wezwać pomoc.
        • Urzędy paszportowe wywieszają ostrzeżenia przed używaniem AI do poprawiania lub generowania zdjęć do dokumentów tożsamości.
      • Zastosowanie w medycynie i opiece psychologicznej:
        • Liczba zatwierdzonych przez Ministerstwo Zdrowia urządzeń medycznych opartych na AI wzrosła w ciągu 3 lat ponad 2,5-krotnie. Nowe systemy (np. AI LED CXR) potrafią samodzielnie generować pełne opisy i wstępne raporty z badań RTG klatki piersiowej.
        • W seulskiej dzielnicy Seocho wprowadzono kioski AI służące do samodzielnej diagnozy stanu psychicznego dzieci i młodzieży (w wieku 8–30 lat, najczęściej korzystają 10–11 latkowie). Młodzież traktuje AI jak przyjaciela i powiernika trudnych tematów (stres szkolny, relacje, niska samoocena).
      • Bezrefleksyjne podejście w koreańskich firmach: * Szacuje się, że 9 na 10 firm w Korei korzysta z AI, ale tylko 12% ma jasno określone zasady jej użytkowania.
        • Z relacji pracownicy jednej z firm wynika, że pracownicy są zmuszani do "trenowania" ChatGPT przez 3 godziny dziennie. Każdy tworzony dokument i e-mail musi zostać poddany ocenie AI, a sugestie modeli językowych (nawet zawierające zmyślone dane czy nierealistyczne terminy projektów, np. skrócenie czasu pracy z 70 do 25 tygodni) są przyjmowane bezkrytycznie. Rozmowy kwalifikacyjne są transkrybowane i oceniane przez algorytmy przyznające punkty kandydatom.
      • Przyczyny fenomenu i podejście rządu:
        • Brak surowców naturalnych sprawił, że Korea od dekad buduje swoją gospodarkę na technologii. AI jest postrzegana jako konieczność w obliczu kryzysu demograficznego i starzejącego się społeczeństwa.
        • W społeczeństwie silnie oddziałuje kultura palli palli (szybko, szybko) oraz silny lęk przed wykluczeniem cyfrowym (FOMO). Historyczny wpływ na akceptację technologii miało też pokonanie mistrza gry w Go (Lee Sedola) przez program AlphaGo w 2016 roku.
        • Rząd koreański promuje rozwój AI jako główny motor gospodarki. W styczniu 2026 roku weszła w życie nowoczesna ustawa o AI, która reguluje systemy wysokiego ryzyka, dbając o bezpieczeństwo, ale jednocześnie wspierając, a nie ograniczając innowacje (w przeciwieństwie do podejścia europejskiego). Badania pokazują, że aż 65% Koreańczyków ocenia AI pozytywnie jako towarzyszy dla starszych osób, a blisko 58% akceptuje sztuczną inteligencję w diagnostyce medycznej.
    1. AI Assistance Reduces Persistence and Hurts Independent Performance
      • Core Findings: Large-scale randomized controlled trials ($N = 1,222$) reveal that while AI assistance boosts immediate problem-solving performance, it significantly damages a user's independent performance and persistence once the AI is removed.
      • Rapid Onset: These negative cognitive effects manifest after only brief periods of interaction with an AI assistant (approximately 10–15 minutes).
      • The "Persistence Muscle": Standard AI assistants operate as short-sighted collaborators, providing instant and complete answers. This deprives users of the "productive struggle" necessary for learning, conditioning them to expect immediate results and causing them to give up much quicker when forced to work independently.
      • Domain-Generality: The reduction in persistence and the decline in independent success rates were robustly replicated across fundamentally different cognitive domains, specifically mathematical reasoning (fraction-solving) and reading comprehension (SAT-style tests).
      • Direct Solutions vs. Hints: The decline in capability is highly concentrated among users who request direct answers from the AI. Conversely, users who leverage AI exclusively for hints, clarifications, or interactive scaffolding show no significant impairment compared to control groups.
      • Implications for AI Design: Current AI optimization strategies favor short-term helpfulness, which risks eroding human cognitive capabilities over time. The study highlights an urgent need to pivot AI development toward reinforcing long-term competence.
    1. Gaining control of every projector and camera on campus
      • The Discovery: While attending the Colorado School of Mines, the author discovered that local DNS servers assign a unique subdomain to every device connecting to the campus Wi-Fi network.
      • Subdomain Enumeration:
        • Initial Attempts: The author first used Python and brute-force permutations to guess subdomains, but the asynchronous script was too slow.
        • Rust Optimization: Moving to Rust and optimizing the code (incrementing an integer and converting it to base 36) dramatically improved speed. They bypass the standard library by interacting directly with the UDP port and utilizing Bash scripting to distribute offsets across multiple processes.
        • The Crash: The optimized Rust script generated queries so quickly (hitting peak rates up to 4.04 Gbps) that it crashed the campus DNS server, causing a 15-minute network outage. School IT tracked them down because they had spent two weeks talking openly about the project.
      • PTR Records: Realizing brute forcing became unrealistic for longer subdomains, the author pivoted to utilizing DNS Reverse Lookup (PTR records), which allowed them to map known active IP addresses back to domain names.
      • Port Scanning and AF_XDP:
        • The author created a custom, lightweight network scanner called convoy utilizing Linux's AF_XDP to bypass the core network stack.
        • By horizontally scanning (one port across all machines before moving to the next), they safely achieved scan speeds of 300,000 ports per second on a single core.
      • Campus Exploitation:
        • Due to loose network restrictions surrounding wireless casting, certain subnets were accessible.
        • The scanner revealed 36 campus security cameras running on default passwords. Although deep packet inspection rules blocked live video streaming, the author reverse-engineered the web interface's API to synchronously manipulate camera positions.
        • They also found unprotected controls for almost every projector screen and input switch across the campus classrooms.
      • Reporting: The vulnerabilities were responsibly disclosed to campus IT, who stated the issues would be patched over the summer. The author received no financial compensation.

      Hacker News Discussion

      • Network Segmentation Failures: Users expressed shock that a modern university in 2026 would still run a completely flat network architecture, allowing unvetted student devices onto the same subnets as critical infrastructure, surveillance cameras, and IoT equipment without basic VLAN segmentation.
      • Lenient Academic Consequences: Commenters heavily debated the IT department's mild reaction to a network crash. Some argued that causing campus-wide outages warrants severe disciplinary action to prevent dangerous professional habits, while others recalled their own college days—noting that universities traditionally serve as a safe environment to learn boundaries, and harsh punishments only incentivize hackers to hide their findings.
      • Alternative Enumeration Techniques: Network professionals chimed in with alternative scanning methods, noting that hotel and public networks often share a single central DNS server across guest and internal networks, allowing easy reverse PTR record profiling. Others recommended utilizing broadcast mDNS/Bonjour for local device footprinting.
      • Industry Perspectives: Former project managers for AV hardware companies noted that modern firmware explicitly mandates changing default passwords upon setup, placing the blame squarely on poor campus IT implementation.
    1. The bar will host more than just this button later — at minimum a search field, and eventually a sync indicator — so the action takes its place alongside the others rather than dominating the screen.

      Del

    2. empty-state{text-align:center;padding:60px 20px;color:var(--muted)} .empty-state .emoji{font-size:3rem;margin-bottom:12px} .empty-state h1{font-size:1.4rem;margin:0 0 8px 0;color:var(--fg)} .empty-state p{font-size

      Provide HTML example

    3. Centering the block, muting the text colour, and pushing the emoji to font-size 3 buys that — at a glance it reads “this is what the app looks like when it’s empty”, not “the thing is still spinning.

      Remove

    4. Disappear the second I add anything” tells me what to compute: whether both tables are empty. Because the renderer runs on every store change, I don’t need any kind of show/hide gymnastics —

      Remove

    5. The test I want to pin first is the trivial one: open the app, see the hint. (clear_state, used here and in every later test, resets IndexedDB and localStorage between cases — defined in Playwright tests.)

      Remove. The intro must simply be like: empty state at first

    6. The first time I open the app on a fresh phone there’s nothing in the store yet, and an empty page would leave me wondering whether the thing failed to load. So I want a small landing message: an emoji big enough to read across the room, the app’s name, a single line saying “no boxes yet.” It should disappear the second I add anything, no matter what — a box or just an unassigned item.

      Remove

    7. import { createMergeableStore } from 'tinybase'; import { createIndexedDbPersister } from 'tinybase/persisters/persister-indexed-db'; import { createWsSynchronizer } from 'tinybase/synchronizers/synchronizer-ws-client'; import { html, LitElement } from 'lit'; const store = createMergeableStore(); const persister = createIndexedDbPersister(store, 'organiser'); const appRootEl = document.querySelector('app-root'); function renderApp(){ appRootEl?.requestUpdate(); } // Drain the IndexedDB replay before listening: an earlier listener // would fire renderApp once per replayed write. await persister.startAutoLoad(); store.addTablesListener(renderApp); renderApp(); await persister.startAutoSave(); // startAutoSave debounces — this parallel listener bumps a counter // on each completed write so the persistence test waits on a signal, // not on a delay. let _persistSeq = 0; store.addTablesListener(async () => { await persister.save(); document.body.setAttribute('data

      Unclear what this does and what calls it

    8. Dark theme, pinned to CSS custom properties so the feature chapters can reach for var(--muted) or var(--accent) by name. --bg  #1b1d2e --card  #262a40 --fg  #e8e8f0 --muted  #8a8ea5 --accent  #f9a826 :root{ --bg:#1b1d2e; --card:#262a40; --fg:#e8e8f0; --muted:#8a8ea5; --accent:#f9a826; }

      This is not used

    9. small custom-element classes that read from properties the root passes down and dispatch events back

      That does not scale well, but should ne enough for that use case

    10. Alpine drives from its reactive store; yjs (a CRDT library — a data structure that lets multiple devices edit concurrently and merge without losing writes) drives from its document; the bridge between them is where the bugs lived

      Remove

    11. function installAppRootHandlers(root){ const on = (type, fn) => root.addEventListener(type, fn); on('open-box-form', () => openBoxForm()); on('open-item-form', e => openItemForm(e.detail || {})); on('open-catalog', () => setUI({catalogOpen: true})); on('close-catalog', () => setUI({catalogOpen: false})); on('close-form', () => closeForm()); on('submit-box', () => onBoxFormSubmit()); on('submit-item', () =>

      Like ui, mist be disseminated ithe doc

    1. US plant-based beef price premium vs conventional beef, category average

      Research and state this. Also for impossible and. Beyond vs conventionally ground beef

    2. Butcher) and the Nordic countries, where per-capita consumption of plant-based foods is high — probably sit above Germany, whic

      Evidence for this claim? Otw State as ,,we. SpeculTE that,,

    3. — processed products made from ground, mixed, or extruded ingredients rather than whole-muscle cuts (e.g., breakfast links, nuggets, burger patties) —

      this "dashed interruption definition" doesn't scan well. It's very confusing. Just make it another sentence in parentheses. "(Reformed/Comminuted formats are ... )"

    4. Each footnote in the dashboard links to a numbered row here. The full quote (or specific evidence) is shown in italics. URLs are direct links to the cited page or PDF where available.

      some numbers are missing -- e.g., where is 36-39?

    5. here someone has published

      "where someone has published" -- this language is a bit too informal and amateurish. Improve it ... something like "where we could find a published cross-tabulation..."

    6. Whether these patterns would extrapolate to higher-quality conditions is the key open question — and assessing that is what this note is for.

      Rephrase: This note considers these numbers in detail, and their implication whether we can measure substitution patterns now in a way that be relevant for future higher-quality, higher volume PBA products.

    7. the natural and specialty channel — stores like Whole Foods and similar, focused on natural and organic products — reaches roughly 8% of US packaged-meat dollars³⁶,

      this is phrased wrong;y -- you meant "within the natural and specialty channel, PBM reaches roughly 8%"

    8. in formats, channels, and geographies to study?

      not sure we need this type of variation .. more like 'is there sufficient available relevant data to permit meaningful statistical analysis.

    1. The problem with lack of clarity and overt meaning, especially when seemingly discussing such a critical and important political decision, is that the meaning can be adopted or bent at will

      Intentional

    1. Der Maßstab, der am Ende zählt: Wie oft hat man bei einem Shop etwas entdeckt, das begeistert, ohne danach gesucht zu haben? Das ist Kuration. Und daran gemessen führt Niche Beauty diesen Vergleich klar an.

      Am Ende bleibt eigentlich eine einfache Frage. Bei welchem Shop entdeckt man Produkte, nach denen man ursprünglich gar nicht gesucht hat, die einen aber sofort begeistern? Genau dieses Gefühl macht gute Kuration aus. Daran gemessen hebt sich Niche Beauty im Vergleich besonders stark ab.

    2. Niche Beauty überzeugt durch das konsequenteste Kurationsprinzip in diesem Vergleich: 300 Marken, davon über 50 exklusiv, kein Massenalgorithmus, dazu zwei Gratisproben nach eigener Wahl pro Bestellung und THE CLUB als eines der durchdachtesten Loyalty-Programme im Markt.

      Sounds too much like AI, better: Niche Beauty setzt im Vergleich am stärksten auf eine bewusst kuratierte Auswahl statt auf ein riesiges Massensortiment. Mit rund 300 Marken, zahlreichen exklusiven Labels und frei wählbaren Gratisproben wirkt das Einkaufserlebnis deutlich persönlicher. Auch das Loyalty-Programm THE CLUB gehört zu den durchdachteren Konzepten im Beauty-Bereich.

    3. Für viele traditionelle Nischenparfums gilt außerdem: Formulierungen können tierische Rohstoffe oder synthetische Tierduftstoffe enthalten, was das Thema vegan und cruelty-free im Duft-Segment komplexer macht als bei Hautpflege.

      Same here: Bei traditionellen Nischenparfums ist das Thema vegan und cruelty-free oft komplizierter als bei Hautpflege. Manche Formulierungen enthalten tierische Rohstoffe oder synthetische Duftstoffe mit tierischem Ursprung.

    4. Diese Expertise ist nicht kosmetisch: Sie entscheidet, welche Nischenduft-Marken es in das Sortiment von Essenza Nobile schaffen, und steuert damit eine Tiefe, die kein Algorithmus replizieren kann.

      Sounds too much like AI, better: Diese Expertise ist nicht nur oberflächlich. Sie entscheidet am Ende darüber, welche Nischenduft-Marken überhaupt ins Sortiment aufgenommen werden. Genau dadurch entsteht eine Auswahl, die sich nicht einfach durch Algorithmen ersetzen lässt.

    5. Eigenständige langfristige Strategieinitiativen sind unter diesen Bedingungen weniger wahrscheinlich als bei inhabergeführten oder strategisch fokussierten Wettbewerbern.

      Better: Langfristige und eigenständige Strategieentscheidungen sind unter solchen Bedingungen meist schwieriger umzusetzen. Andere Wettbewerber können häufig flexibler und unabhängiger handeln.

    6. Eine sinnvolle Initiative von Flaconi ist das „wie neu"-Programm: Einwandfreie Rücksendungen werden günstiger weiterverkauft statt entsorgt.

      Sounds more like human: Flaconi bietet mit dem „wie neu“-Programm eine sinnvolle Lösung für Rücksendungen an. Einwandfreie Produkte werden vergünstigt weiterverkauft, statt entsorgt zu werden.

    7. Wer zwischen beiden Shops wählt, sollte konkret vergleichen: Für denselben Artikel ist ParfumDreams häufig günstiger.

      Sounds more like human: Wer zwischen beiden Shops schwankt, sollte die Preise direkt vergleichen. Für denselben Artikel ist ParfumDreams häufig günstiger.

    8. Bis zu drei Gratisproben pro Bestellung, auch wenn sie automatisch statt nach eigener Wahl vergeben werden, erhöhen den Entdeckungswert zusätzlich.

      Sounds more like human: Zu jeder Bestellung gibt es bis zu drei Gratisproben dazu. Die Auswahl erfolgt automatisch, sorgt aber trotzdem dafür, neue Produkte einfacher kennenzulernen.

    9. Die beiden Top-Stufen sind nicht käuflich, sondern basieren auf Einladung, ein Prinzip, das das Exklusivitätsversprechen von Niche Beauty konsequent in das Kundenerlebnis trägt.

      The sentence is too long, better: Die beiden höchsten Stufen lassen sich nicht einfach kaufen. Der Zugang erfolgt nur per Einladung und unterstreicht den exklusiven Anspruch von Niche Beauty zusätzlich.

    10. Diese Marken sind bei Douglas, Sephora oder Flaconi nicht zu finden.

      The Sortiment always change, so I would say better: Ein Teil dieser Marken ist in Deutschland nur schwer erhältlich.

    11. Niche Beauty wurde 2011 von den Schwestern Sarah von Doetinchem und Laetitia von Hessen gegründet, zwei Frauen mit ausgeprägtem Gespür für das Besondere im Luxussegment.

      It is ok, but it sounds too much like AI - better: Niche Beauty wurde 2011 von den Schwestern Sarah von Doetinchem und Laetitia von Hessen gegründet. Ihr Anspruch war von Anfang an, außergewöhnliche Beauty-Marken abseits des Mainstreams nach Deutschland zu bringen.

    12. Welcher kuratiert mit echtem Anspruch statt alles ins Sortiment zu nehmen?

      This sentence does not make sense - better: Welcher Anbieter wählt Produkte bewusst aus, statt möglichst viel anzubieten?

    13. Das Paradox ist real: Die wenigsten kaufen bei dem Shop mit dem größten Sortiment am bewusstesten ein.

      Das Paradox dahinter ist ziemlich spannend. Die meisten Menschen kaufen nicht automatisch bewusster ein, nur weil ein Shop mehr Auswahl bietet. - I wouldnt use here again a colon

    1. idea of the innovation systems was adopted in order to explain these differences. The crosscountry differences are the results of differences in accumulation of capital, economic development,technology and formation of institutions or interactions among the institutions. (Metcalfe,2008:435)Level of interaction among institutions differs among countries and they determine the amountof knowledge creation, diffusion rate of the knowledge, its transformation to innovation and expansionof the innovation.

      Definition: Innovation Systems

    Annotators

    1. plant-based burgers are mostly substituting away from beef (not chicken),

      The lower animal welfare burden of beef vs chicken may not be known to all readers

    1. So, why should the teachers be the ones who have to sacrifice? Why should the people making 50, 60, or 70,000 a year have to bear the burden of scarcity?

      ending with a question followed by stating the implied opinion we are to have concluded is a way of guiding the reader to the end of the piece and into a possibly newly formed or strengthened perspective on this matter

    2. If the difference between Gaudelupe Guerrero’s salary and the next highest paid person in the district was the same dollar difference as that between a high school principal and an area director, that would free up about $100,000.

      a bit of difficult math to put into words but an offered improvement

    3. But who has to sacrifice to account for Oregon and Portland’s generally abysmal public funding? Why does the scarcity model (borne of a complex array of poor policy choices and economic conditions) force the sacrifice onto teachers?

      inviting us to ask these questions with her

    4. does not immediately make me squirm, although I do get curious about titles that seem too jargony and duplicative.

      again distancing herself from hyper-critics, seeking to portray a level-headed perspective of curiosity

    5. Visceral disdain for administrative competence and professional administration is childish and naive.

      admonishing a portion of the audience, distances herself from this perspective

    6. The

      I couldn't add an annotation to the photo but I feel like starting the op-ed with a large piece of visual evidence is a rhetorical choice or, at the very least, it is very informative and intriguing - draws the reader in for more context

    1. (synaptic pruning)

      et natuurlijke proces waarbij de hersenen ongebruikte of overbodige zenuwverbindingen (synapsen) opruimen om de belangrijkste netwerken efficiënter te maken.

    1. V4-Flash by default for cheap iteration; /pro lifts a single turn to V4-Pro

      这个数据点提到了两种模型版本:默认使用V4-Flash进行低成本迭代,而/pro命令可以将单个回合提升到V4-Pro。虽然提到了模型版本,但没有提供关于这两种模型在性能、能力或成本方面的具体比较数据。这种分层定价策略在AI工具中很常见,但缺乏具体细节使其难以评估。

    2. Node ≥ 22 on macOS / Linux / Windows

      这个技术规格要求Node.js版本22或更高,这是一个具体的系统要求。这个版本要求相对较新,可能限制了在较旧系统上的使用。与其他AI工具相比,这个要求不算特别严格,但可能会影响一些用户的兼容性,特别是在企业环境中。

    3. In long sessions the bill typically lands at ~1/3 of comparable generic tooling.

      这个数据点声称长期使用时成本通常相当于同类通用工具的1/3左右。这是一个相当大的成本节约声明,但文章没有提供与哪些具体工具进行比较,也没有说明比较的条件和度量标准。1/3的成本节约需要更详细的基准测试和对比数据来支持。

    4. $0.07 /Mtok in · $0.014 /Mtok cached

      这个价格数据点显示未缓存的令牌成本为每百万0.07美元,缓存的令牌成本为每百万0.014美元,即缓存后成本降低为原来的20%。这是一个具体的价格点,但没有说明这是官方定价还是基于特定使用场景的计算。与其他AI服务提供商相比,这个价格处于中等水平,但需要考虑实际使用中的额外成本。

    5. long sessions hold 90%+ cache hit and input-token cost collapses to ~1/5

      这个数据点声称长会话缓存命中率超过90%,并将输入令牌成本降低至原来的1/5。这是一个相当显著的性能提升,但文章没有提供测试环境、数据集大小或对比基准。与同类AI工具相比,如此高的缓存命中率需要独立验证,特别是在不同类型和长度的编码任务中。

    1. Perceptual BD-rates are based on human ratings from a large-scale subjective study

      这一数据点表明性能评估采用了基于人类感知的BD-rate指标,这是图像压缩领域的重要评估方法。然而,文章没有提供研究的具体规模、参与者数量或评分方法,缺乏量化依据来评估这一评估方法的科学性和可靠性。

    2. search over millions of model configurations to jointly optimize over perceptual quality and on-device runtime

      数百万模型配置的搜索规模表明研究进行了大规模的实验和优化,这增强了结果的可信度。然而,文章没有提供具体的搜索方法、优化算法或计算资源信息,这使得难以评估这一过程的效率和科学性。

    3. on an iPhone 17 Pro Max, it encodes 12MP images as fast as 230ms, and decodes them in 150ms

      这些具体的编码和解码时间数据表明PICO在实际设备上的运行速度非常快,230ms编码和150ms解码的时间对于移动设备处理12MP图像来说非常高效。这一数据点与大多数需要高端GPU运行的ML编码器形成鲜明对比,增强了其实用性。

    1. existing benchmarks often overlook these non-functional requirements, rewarding functionally correct but structurally arbitrary solutions.

      大多数人认为现有的LLM代码生成评估已经足够全面,但作者指出当前基准测试忽略了非功能性需求,只奖励功能正确但结构随意的解决方案,这挑战了当前评估方法的充分性。

    2. error analysis identifies data-layer defects (e.g., incorrect query composition and ORM runtime violations) as the leading root causes.

      大多数人可能认为LLM在业务逻辑和API实现上更容易出错,但研究表明数据层缺陷(如查询组成错误和ORM运行时违规)是主要根本原因,这与人们对LLM代码生成弱点的普遍认知相悖。

    3. agents succeed in minimal, explicit frameworks (e.g., Flask) but perform substantially worse on average in convention-heavy environments (e.g., FastAPI, Django).

      大多数人认为更复杂的框架应该有更好的文档和更清晰的规则,应该更容易让LLM理解和遵循,但作者发现相反的情况:在约定繁重的环境中,LLM表现更差,这挑战了框架复杂度与LLM性能正相关的常识。

    4. Capable configurations lose 30 points on average in assertion pass rates from baseline to fully specified tasks, while some weaker configurations approach zero.

      大多数人可能认为即使在严格约束下,能力较强的LLM配置仍能保持相对较好的表现,但研究表明即使是最佳配置也会平均下降30个百分点,这挑战了我们对LLM适应能力的认知。

    5. Our findings reveal a phenomenon of constraint decay: as structural requirements accumulate, agent performance exhibits a substantial decline.

      大多数人认为随着更多约束的添加,LLM的表现会保持稳定或缓慢下降,但作者发现了一个'约束衰减'现象,即随着结构要求累积,代理性能会出现显著下降,这是一个反直觉的发现。

    6. However, production-grade software requires strict adherence to structural constraints, such as architectural patterns, databases, and object-relational mappings.

      大多数人认为只要代码功能正确,LLM生成的代码就足够好,但作者强调生产级软件需要严格遵守结构约束,这与当前只关注功能正确性的主流评估标准形成鲜明对比。

    1. Les hautes altitudes supérieures à 2750 mètres (8800 pieds) peuvent affecter les résultats du test.

      Veuillez changer la numérotation de cette phrase par 8

    2. Les températures en dehors de l’intervalle de 10°C à 40°C (50°F à 104°F) peuvent affecter les résultats du test.

      Veuillez changer la numérotation de phrase par 7

    3. 0 - EFFECTUEZ UN TEST DE SOLUTION CONTROLE Utilisez uniquement la solution de contrôle CHECK 3 pour vérifier les performances du lecteur et des bandelettes de test. Les résultats des tests doivent être dans l’intervalle mentionné sur l’étiquette du flacon de bandelettes / feuille de bandelettes de test.  Référez-vous au manuel d’utilisation pour plus d’informatio

      A supprimer

    4. effectuez un test de contrôle. Contactez votre médecin immédiatement si le résultat du test de contrôle est dans l’intervalle de contrôle.

      Merci de remplacer par: contacter votre professionnel de santé.

    5. 600 échantillons de sang ayant une concentration de glucose variant entre 32 ~ 480 mg / dl ont été testés à l’hôpital par des professionnels de la santé. Ces échantillons de sang entier capillaire ont été testés avec le système Check3®; des échantillons de plasma provenant de ces mêmes sujets ont été testés avec l’analyseur de glucose YSI modèle 2300 comme référence. Les résultats sont présentés dans le tableau suivant :

      Merci de déplacer le texte au dessus du tableau de la concentration de glucose

    6. effectuez un test de contrôle. Contactez votre médecin immédiatement si le résultat du test de contrôle est dans l’intervalle de contrôle.

      Remplacer par: contacter votre professionnel de santé.

    7. Le calibrateur traçable utilisé est le glucose YSI 2747 standard, qui est un standard de traçabilité du glucose.

      Merci de remplacer cette phrase par: L'étalon de référence traçable utilisé est le YSI 2747 Glucose Standard.

    1. 脸若银盆

      《西游记》八十二到八十三回,形容白毛老鼠精:团圆粉面若银盆,朱唇一似樱桃滑。

      《金瓶梅》第九回,形容吴月娘:生的面如银盆,眼如杏子,举止温柔,持重寡言

    Annotators

    1. ecosystem, the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space. A brief treatment of ecosystems follows. For full treatment, see biosphere. An ecosystem can be categorized into its abiotic constituents, including minerals, climate, soil, water, sunlight, and all other nonliving elements, and its biotic constituents, consisting of all its living members. Linking these constituents together are two major forces: the flow of energy through the ecosystem and the cycling of nutrients within the ecosystem.

      Definition of Ecosystem in Biology

    1. Each scenario was solved with Gurobi v.12.0.1 on a high-performance cluster node with two AMD EPYC 7543 CPUs and 16 DDR4-2933 64GB ECC RAM units. With 8 threads available, a single scenario required between 16 and 19 h and up to 130 GB of memory

      Big box, but not huge. This less than 50 cents an hour with hetzner