2,334 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2023
    1. Ginsberg’s poem famously begins “I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness”. I am luckier than Ginsberg. I got to see the best minds of my generation identify a problem and get to work.

      I am going to steal this and use it as my definition of dystopia and utopia

    2. Las Vegas doesn’t exist because of some decision to hedonically optimize civilization, it exists because of a quirk in dopaminergic reward circuits, plus the microstructure of an uneven regulatory environment, plus Schelling points. A rational central planner with a god’s-eye-view, contemplating these facts, might have thought “Hm, dopaminergic reward circuits have a quirk where certain tasks with slightly negative risk-benefit ratios get an emotional valence associated with slightly positive risk-benefit ratios, let’s see if we can educate people to beware of that.” People within the system, following the incentives created by these facts, think: “Let’s build a forty-story-high indoor replica of ancient Rome full of albino tigers in the middle of the desert, and so become slightly richer than people who didn’t!”

      A definition of how Las Vegas functions

    1. 4.4.1. D EFINITION .

      Definition of Compactness Remarks

      Compactness is defined by the existence of converging subsequence of any sequences. The "close and boundedness" is only a characterizations of compactness when we have finite dimension Euclidean space.

  2. Local file Local file
    1. limit point

      This definition is different compare to some literatures where a limit point \(x\) is a point if a sequence \(x_n\in A\) have \(\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} x_n = x\). What distinguishes it here is the claim that "Other than X".

      A briefer way of defining it is: The point \(x\) is not isolated in if wrt to the set \(A\).

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    1. define Safetyism as “a culture or belief system in which safety has become a sacred value, which means that people are unwilling to make trade-offs demanded by other practical and moral concerns.”

      Definition

    1. myth is an arrangement of the past whether real or imagined in patterns that reinforce a culture's deepest values and aspirations

      Ronald Wright - definition of - = myth - an arrangement of the past - whether real or imagined - in patterns that reinforce a culture's deepest values and aspirations

      Quotes: - myths are so fraught with meaning that we live and die by them - myths are the maps by which cultures navigate through time - the myth of progress - progress has an internal logic that can lead beyond reason to catastrophe - a seductive trail of successes may end in a trap

  3. duncanreyburn.substack.com duncanreyburn.substack.com
    1. A history of ideas would refer to “a dialectical or syllogistic process, the thoughts of one age arising discursively out of, challenging, and modifying the thoughts and discoveries of the previous one.”

      Definition

    1. Definition 28

      2 Metric is equivalent if they one can be bounded by the other one with just a constant.

      This is important when we are talking about many different type of metrics all at the same time. And we would also have a way of categorizing them.

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    1. immersed

      Hermeneutics is concerned with the meaning of a text, and with the ways in which meaning is constructed through interpretation. It explores the relationships between the text, the reader, and the context in which the text was created and is being read. It also investigates the ways in which culture, history, language, and power shape the interpretation and understanding of texts.

  4. Jan 2023
    1. This larger perspective is offered by an analysis of citizenship and the common good. I begin with the idea of citizenship as being a practice entrusted with the preservation and conservation of the nexus of recognitional practices in a society. Then I move to the notion of the common good, interpreted not as a collective thing, a transcendent principle, or an abstract concept, but as the flourishing of the recognitional nexus itself. 

      !- interpretation of citizenship : from perspective of common good - common good as the flourishing of the nexus of recognitional practices in a society.

      !- comment : salience of citizenship and common good - it's important to educate the public on what it means to be a citizen from the perspective of our empowering role in creating the society we want to live in

    1. I define surveillance capitalism as the unilateral claiming of private human experience as free raw material for translation into behavioral data. These data are then computed and packaged as prediction products and sold into behavioral futures markets — business customers with a commercial interest in knowing what we will do now, soon, and later.

      !- Definition : Surveillance Capitalism - as defined by Shoshana Zuboff

    1. Coral is far more red than her lips' red

      I see the repeated use of the colors red and white holding significance in the poem. There is a constant comparison of there being a lack of vibrancy in this mistress, with the color red being a descriptive term. If I am to take the term "mistress" under the definition of a woman having an extramarital affair, this could be seen as the speaker seeing all of the features he may have taken for granted at the time. The rose color of her cheeks and lips, the angelic white glow, all are muddied and faded as this is not the woman he truly loved.

    2. My mistress'

      The word "Mistress" can mean one of two definitions. The first being the lesser used of the two, with it meaning "a woman in a position of authority" (Oxford Languages, 2023). This could be inferred as, regardless of any physical characteristic, his mistress will always hold his heart, for he doesn't need to see a goddess, as the center of his love exists here. The second brings with it more troubling implications, being "a woman having an extramarital sexual relationship, especially with a married man." (Oxford Languages, 2023). This could bring a new meaning to the previously bitter start to the poem, being more of longing from the speaker for his previous lover, comparing this simple mistress to the goddess that was his previous relationship.

    1. foreign key is the combination of one or more columns in a table that reference (match) the primary key in the parent table (or parent row in the case of recursive relationships)

      foreign key = the combination of one or more columns in a table that reference (match) the primary key in the parent table (or parent row in the case of recursive relationships)

    2. An inner join is best thought of as an exclusive join because the result set includes only rows where matches were found in both tables (unmatched rows are excluded from the results)

      TLDR inner join = exclusive to matches in both tables * Any row from the key table which has a value that is omitted from the key column (Horse table has key columns of sire_id and dam_id) is exlcuded from the final result. So if horse_id_x has a null value for its sire or dam id, then any information about the row corresponding to horse_id_X is entirely ommitted from the final result of the joined table.

    3. Cartesian product

      Where every row from table a is joined with each row of table b ( totalling A*B rows), Cartesian products arise when tables are merged with no matching logic (ie a shared column like owner_id which can distinguish how each row in table A should be joined with each row of table B)

    1. o the chariot doesn't just depend upon 00:56:29 the narrow base of parts it depends upon our conceptual imputation which is an essential idea for child security that what there is in the world depends not only on things 00:56:42 outside of us but also on how we think about things i call that broad super veniance if the chariot doesn't just depend on its parts it depends on the whole scheme in which chariots figure as 00:56:57 objects

      !- definition : broad superveniance - dependency on the entire associative network of ideas with which chariots are conceptually embedded

  5. Dec 2022
    1. ”Creating ‘social operating systems.’ An operating system, in the context of a single computer, manages the allocation of hardware and software resources such as memory, CPU time, disk space, and input/output devices. A social operating system, in addition to doing all these things, will also have to manage the mustering and allocation of human resources to tasks. This will require fast, robust infrastructures for contracts, payments, or other motivational elements, as well as scalable task-to-resource matchmaking such as markets. These will be challenging problems because people (unlike hardware resources) are diverse in all the ways we have described. But providing easy-to-use solutions for the problems of finding and motivating human participants—rather than requiring each system developer to solve this problem individually—will greatly facilitate programming the global brain.”

      Social Operating System, Based As Hell

    1. Keywords

      Definitions: 1. World Wide Web = An information system on the internet which allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links.

      1. Search Engines = A program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user.

      2. Information Retrieval = The process of obtaining information system resources that are relevant to an information need from a collection of those resources, which uses searches based on a type of indexing.

      3. PageRank = PageRank works by counting the number and quality of links to a page to determine a rough estimate of how important the website is. The underlying assumption is that more important websites are likely to receive more links from other websites.

      4. Google = Google is a search engine which was discussed in this paper, which uses the PageRank algorithm to optimize searching for larger datasets.

  6. Nov 2022
  7. Oct 2022
    1. The field of public choice has a name for this, regulatory capture: where corporations gain so much power in the government that they “capture” their regulator and end up implementing regulations in their industry that have the effect of cementing their market positions in place and preventing new competition. We see this in pharma, housing, healthcare, education, taxi cab industry — nearly every regulated industry. 

      Definition

    2. You could think of Bourgeois capitalism as Robber Baron capitalism (think Atlas Shrugged) — industrialists like Ford, Rockefeller, Carnegie building up their empires and retaining a controlling stake in them. What’s differentiating about Bourgeois capitalism is that the owners are also the managers. The people who own the company also run the company. There’s total alignment between managers and shareholders. 

      Definition

    3. Managerial capitalism, by contrast, is defined by the split between ownership and control — on both the founder and investor side. Instead of owners having direct control, you have layers of intermediary managers (e.g. board of directors, executive teams, hired CEOs) who are running the company on behalf of the shareholders and original owners, but who also have different incentives as a result of having less ownership. They may be more short-term driven than long-term driven, for example, since they are incentivized by their salary instead of their equity ownership. 

      Definition

    1. ARG game masters have described one of the pathologies of players as apophenia, or seeing connections that aren’t “really there” — that the designers didn’t intend — and therefore pursuing red herrings.

      Definitions

  8. Sep 2022
    1. orthogonal complement

      Let W be a subspace of a vector space V. Then the orthogonal complement of W is also a subspace of V. Furthermore, the intersection of W and its orthogonal complement is just the zero vector.

    1. Pentecostalism “by definition assumes direct contact of the believer with God and, by extension, the direct agency of the Holy Spirit as instructor and counselor and commander as well as comforter.”

      Definition

  9. Aug 2022
  10. scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu
    1. According to Cuende, “A DAO is an internet-native entity with no central management which isregulated by a set of automatically enforceable ruleson a public blockchain, and whose goal is to take a lifeof its own and incentivize people to achieve a sharedmission.

      Great definition of a DAO

  11. www.janeausten.pludhlab.org www.janeausten.pludhlab.org
  12. Jul 2022
  13. bafybeicho2xrqouoq4cvqev3l2p44rapi6vtmngfdt42emek5lyygbp3sy.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeicho2xrqouoq4cvqev3l2p44rapi6vtmngfdt42emek5lyygbp3sy.ipfs.dweb.link
    1. he aim of the present paper is to propose a radical resolution to this controversy: weassume that mind is a ubiquitous property of all minimally active matter (Heylighen, 2011). Itis in no way restricted to the human brain—although that is the place where we know it in itsmost concentrated form. Therefore, the extended mind hypothesis is in fact misguided,because it assumes that the mind originates in the brain, and merely “extends” itself a little bitoutside in order to increase its reach, the way one’s arm extends itself by grasping a stick.While ancient mystical traditions and idealist philosophies have formulated similarpanpsychist ideas (Seager, 2006), the approach we propose is rooted in contemporaryscience—in particular cybernetics, cognitive science, and complex systems theory. As such, itstrives to formulate its assumptions as precisely and concretely as possible, if possible in amathematical or computational form (Heylighen, Busseniers, Veitas, Vidal, & Weinbaum,2012), so that they can be tested and applied in real-world situations—and not just in thethought experiments beloved by philosophers

      The proposal is for a more general definition of the word mind, which includes the traditional usage when applied to the human mind, but extends far beyond that into a general property of nature herself.

      So in Heylighen's defintion, mind is a property of matter, but of all MINIMALLY ACTIVE matter, not just brains. In this respect, Heylighen's approach has early elements of the Integrated Information Theory (IIT) theory of Koch & Tononi

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  14. Jun 2022
    1. Embracing visions of a good life that go beyond those entailing high levels of material consumption is central to many pathways. Key drivers of the overexploitation of nature are the currently popular vision that a good life involves happiness generated through material consumption [leverage point 2] and the widely accepted notion that economic growth is the most important goal of society, with success based largely on income and demonstrated purchasing power (Brand & Wissen, 2012). However, as communities around the world show, a good quality of life can be achieved with significantly lower environmental impacts than is normal for many affluent social strata (Jackson, 2011; Røpke, 1999). Alternative relational conceptions of a good life with a lower material impact (i.e. those focusing on the quality and characteristics of human relationships, and harmonious relationships with non-human nature) might be promoted and sustained by political settings that provide the personal, material and social (interpersonal) conditions for a good life (such as infrastructure, access to health or anti-discrimination policies), while leaving to individuals the choice about their actual way of living (Jackson, 2011; Nussbaum, 2001, 2003). In particular, status or social recognition need not require high levels of consumption, even though in some societies, status is currently related to consumption (Røpke, 1999).

      A redefinition of a good life that decouples it from materialism is critical to lowering carbon emissions. Practices such as open source Deep Humanity praxis focusing on inner transformation can play a significant role.

    1. so what 00:03:11 is a collective illusion then right so like what's the definition simply they simply stated right collective illusions are situations where the majority in a group ends up going along with something that they 00:03:23 don't privately agree with simply because they incorrectly think that most other people in the group agree with it and and as a result entire groups can end up doing things that almost nobody really wanted

      Definition of collective illusion.

  15. www.e-flux.com www.e-flux.com
    1. a concept from Simondon: not identity but the differentiation process that makes it possible for me to become an individual. This is what he calls individuation.

      individuation as an internal or inward-looking process -- self-realization from the inside out; contrast individualization/individualism which is more superficial, about differentiating oneself from others but not of developing oneself beyond that difference

  16. www.e-flux.com www.e-flux.com
    1. biopolitics

      the political relations between the administration or regulation of the life of species and a locality's populations, where politics and law evaluate life based on perceived constants and traits. according to Wikipedia.

      I read that as, the politics of the body, and how politics works upon the bodies of a polity.

  17. May 2022
  18. Apr 2022
    1. creative thinking as the “entire set ofcognitive activities used by individualsaccording to a specific object, problem, andcondition, or a type of effort toward aparticular event and the problem based on thecapacity of the individuals”

      Birgili's definition of "creative thinking"

    1. Computer science is the study of problems, problem-solving, and the solutions that come out of the problem-solving process. Given a problem, a computer scientist’s goal is to develop an algorithm, a step-by-step list of instructions for solving any instance of the problem that might arise. Algorithms are finite processes that if followed will solve the problem. Algorithms are solutions.

      Computer science definition

    1. We call both of these things User Generated Content (UGC). LEGO accepts creative work as product ideas and Contest entries provided it follows the respective guidelines: Ideas for new LEGO products, sometimes referred to as “Projects” “Ideas,” or "Product Ideas," are subject to the Product Idea Guidelines. Entries to specific Contests, sometimes referred to as “Contest Entries,” or "Entries," are subject to the respective Contest Guidelines. ALL user conduct on the platform is governed by these Terms of Service and the House Rules.

      Defines "User Generated Content," which may also be referenced as "UGC."

  19. Mar 2022

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    1. mono

      mononucleosis = the presence of an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes, or monocytes, in the blood. - definition pathology

      Mononucleosis is an infectious illness that’s usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It’s also called mono or “the kissing disease.”

    1. placemaking is the simple idea thatpeople ‘transform the places in which we find ourselves into places in4Theory, Culture & Society 0(0) by guest on March 28, 2016tcs.sagepub.comDownloaded from

      Placemaking Definition

    2. they are also subjects that fashion places by inscribingthem with their own interpretations, meanings, and cultural significance.This enterprise, which is not the dominant narrative in the social scienceresearch on black communities, is what we call black placemaking

      Black placemaking definition

    1. dolichocéphale

      Dont le crâne a une longueur très supérieure à sa largeur. Composé à l’aide du grec dolikhos, « long, allongé »

      Comme un voisin du haricot, le dolic : du grec dolikhos, « haricot »

      Dico. de l'Acad. fr., 9e éd.

    2. campo 

      XVe siècle. Emprunté de l’argot latin des écoliers campos (dare, habere), proprement « (accorder, avoir) les champs », c’est-à-dire « (donner, avoir) la permission d’aller jouer aux champs ».

      Soit repos, relâche que l’on accorde ou que l’on s’accorde.

      Dic. Ac. fr., 9e éd.

    3. envie lie-de-vin

      Envie : marque, tache, malformation de la peau d’origine embryonnaire qu’on croyait être une suite des impressions reçues par la mère du nouveau-né pendant la grossesse (syn. pop. de Nævus).

      Lie-de-vin : d’un rouge violacé

      Dictionnaire de l'Acad. fr., 9e éd.

  20. Feb 2022
    1. digital literacy

      To me, digital literacy is when an individual has the skills to learn and work in a society where communication is big. Communication is a major key aspect of digital literacy because of this.

  21. cob.silverchair-cdn.com cob.silverchair-cdn.com
    1. in situ hybridisation

      laboratory technique where a single-stranded DNA or RNA sequence called a probe is allowed to form complementary base pairs with DNA or RNA present in a tissue or chromosome sample.

    2. zinc-finger

      A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that's characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions in order to stabilize the fold. It is a common DNA binding domain found in many transcription factors.

    1. unctionalism,

      Functionalism is the doctrine that what makes something a thought, desire, pain (or any other type of mental state) depends not on its internal constitution, but solely on its function, or the role it plays, in the cognitive system of which it is a part.

    2. 'nomological

      nomology refers to a "science of laws" based on the theory that it is possible to elaborate descriptions dedicated not to particular aspects of reality but inspired by a scientific vision of universal validity expressed by scientific laws

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    1. The term fake news means “news articles that are intentionally and verifiably false” [1] designed to manipulate people’s perceptions of real facts, events, and statements. It’s about information presented as news that is known by its promoter to be false based on facts that are demonstrably incorrect, or statements or events that verifiably did not happen.  Fake news “is fabricated information that mimics news media content in form but…lack(s) the news media’s editorial norms and processes for ensuring the accuracy and credibility of information” [2]. It overlaps with misinformation (false or misleading information) and disinformation (false information purposely spread to mislead people). The definition may seem a bit vague, but it’s important. People have used the term “fake news” to mean different things. Source: BBC News This definition eliminates unintentional reporting mistakes, rumors that don’t originate from a news article, suspicions/interpretations/conspiracy theories, satire, and biased (but not false) reports. It also leaves out sweeping indictments of mainstream media. The President likes to call “fake news” the reporting of uncomplimentary things that seem distracting or insignificant, which cast him in a negative light in the context of successes that he thinks should be made more prominent.

      The term fake news has been thrown around lightly by people today and it is our responsibility to know its formal definition or what it entails. Among the many contexts it is used to today, it has assumed a political cloak wherein it is used to incite emotions rather than provide facts, and provide biased reports. This is misleading because it is more related to information disorders like misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation as the term 'fake news' is not limited to only news but to information in general. It has only taken on the form of mainstream media that is why people are mistaken of the term in general.

  22. Jan 2022

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    1. Design-based research is a research methodology aimed to improve educational practices through systematic, flexible, and iterative review, analysis, design, development, and implementation, based upon collaboration among researchers and practitioners in real-world settings, and leading to design principles or theories.

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    1. “youth culture”

      Definition: Youth culture refers to the societal norms of children, adolescents, and young adults

      • today's societal norms I feel like would revolve around the likes of something such as Tiktok. The app that blew up over quarantine is definitely something that I feel creates modern "youth culture". Almost everything from the hottest celebrities, and fashion and makeup trends, to sabotaging political activities is found within this app.
    1. le regard attique

      Du grec attikos, « d’Attique, d’Athènes », Le dialecte attique. Les écrivains, les orateurs attiques / Goût, finesse attique, qui rappelle la délicatesse, la finesse du goût athénien

    2. la palestre

      Dans l'Antiquité grecque et romaine : lieu public où les garçons et les hommes se formaient aux différents exercices du corps [...] et s’adonnaient à des exercices de l’esprit, art oratoire, philosophie, grammaire. Les portiques, les bains d’une palestre.

    1. There's a problem with 401 Unauthorized, the HTTP status code for authentication errors. And that’s just it: it’s for authentication, not authorization. Receiving a 401 response is the server telling you, “you aren’t authenticated–either not authenticated at all or authenticated incorrectly–but please reauthenticate and try again.” To help you out, it will always include a WWW-Authenticate header that describes how to authenticate.
    1. A counterfactual explanation is a statement of the form“Had the input xbeen ̃xthen the classifier output would havebeen ̃y instead of y”, where the difference between xand ̃xis easy to explain.

      Definition of a counterfactual explanation in ML.

  23. Dec 2021
    1. seventeenth-century natural law theorists speculatedabout equality in the State of Nature: ‘equality’ is a default term, referringto that kind of protoplasmic mass of humanity one imagines as being leftover when all the trappings of civilization are stripped away.

      humans Minus the additions of civilization = egalitarian society