- Jul 2024
-
xanadu.com xanadu.com
-
- Jun 2024
-
thepoliticalnatureofthebook.postdigitalcultures.org thepoliticalnatureofthebook.postdigitalcultures.org
-
Comment by reviewer_SorenPold: Both the article in itself and its design in DJMP raise questions about the architecture and materiality of the book and publishing, including academic publishing, through its discussion of artist books and open access. The interesting discussion is of course how ways of publishing, textual formats, ways of writing, editing and reading relate to different kinds of politics, e.g. institutional, economic, ways of ascertaining quality, etc. These are very important questions, both in global politics (e.g. the discussions on ‘fake news’ and its relation to social media), in institutional politics (e.g. the standards and quality assessment of academic publishing) and in art and literature (e.g. whether readers are able and willing to actually read and understand different forms of texts). In general, it is a question of how the text mediates and transforms the reading, how meaning is produced and how/whether it reaches an audience, whether it is productive of e.g. meaning, knowledge and/or action. It is a discussion of the text between mediator and tool.
It is noteworthy how little has happened after several decades of digital publishing and a plethora of death sentences for books and print: Even though some things have changed and are changing e.g. WWW’s ‘non-linear’ and labyrinthine, multi-cursal (Aarseth 1997) hypertext and the collaborative writing tools and platforms like wikis and social media are part of our everyday textual culture, we still have books and journals. Why? Is it because, as Stuart Moulthrop suggested already in 1991, that although hypertext affords new visions about a shared writing space, the responsibility for changes of this magnitude come from a diverse elite (of software developers, literary theorists, legislators, capitalists) who despite their differences remain allegiant to the institutions of intellectual property (the book, the library, the university, the publishing house). In other words, Moulthrop suggests that “it seems equally possible that engagement with interactive media will follow the path of reaction, not revolution.” (Moulthroup 2003 (1991), Andersen and Pold 2014). Is it because of institutional conservatism, because readers are conservative and slowly adapting (as the rather slow development of hypertext seems to suggest), is it a political battle (as the current discussions of the role of digital media, social media versus traditional media might suggest)? And to which extend is it a battle we should go for, if it includes breaking down the kinds of authority that comes with established publication formats and editorial processes (at least the current political climate raises some concerns).
I know that many of these concerns are afterthoughts to an article and a design done before the current situation, and in this sense, they are more reflections that might be relevant for further work. However, the questions remain, whether hypertext and collaborative authoring always leads to more freedom and productive reading/writing? Whether deconstructing the order of the text and its extended argument is always a good thing? We have of course examples of great hypertextual formats that function well as tools and presentation of knowledge, e.g. the encyclopedia, but maybe there are also good reasons to preserve the extended argument of the book and the article? Today it seems simply wrong to assert that "hypertext does not permit a tyrannical, univocal voice” (Landow 1992) faced with Trump and Wilders’ tweets. Consequently, I think, the argument of the article and its design could relate to the history of hypertext and electronic literature, though the discussion of artist books and open access publishing is also relevant.
The implementation in DJMP is in many ways exemplary and manages to present the article in nice ways, including the posters, the ability to comment and follow keywords. It allows its reader to access and use the text in different ways, and gives the valuable possibility of commenting and reading other people’s comments. In this it also follows paths from hypertext and electronic literature/digital culture, e.g. Electronic Book Review of A Peer Reviewed Journal About_. The design in many ways affords that it can do as it ‘preaches’, and in this way experiments with different ways of publishing academic texts. This is needed and current academia is not open enough to these kinds of experiments, that are, as argued, much more than making open access a homogeneous project – there is a need for an ongoing critical struggle that includes the forms of publishing. This is necessary, also to reach the popular masses on Twitter and Facebook! Currently, it is a problem, that standardizations within academia driven by STEM standards does not invite for such experiments that would in many cases not even be accepted as examples of academic publication. Also, I want to finish emphasizing that my discussion above is mainly stirred by the qualities of the publication, the important questions and reflections it raises.
References
Andersen, C. U. and S. B. Pold (2014). "Post-digital Books and Disruptive Literary Machines: Digital Literature Beyond the Gutenberg and Google Galaxies." Formules 2014(18): 164-183.<br /> Landow, G. P. (1992). Hypertext the convergence of contemporary critical theory and technology. Baltimore, Md, Johns Hopkins University Press.<br /> Moulthroup, S. (2003 (1991)). You Say You Want a Revolution. The New Media Reader. N. W.-F. N. Montfort. Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, The MIT Press: 691-704. <br /> Aarseth, E. J. (1997). Cybertext perspectives on ergodic literature. Baltimore, Md., Johns Hopkins University Press.
-
- Apr 2024
-
Local file Local file
-
Reference numbers to paragraphs in vol I are distinguishedby a preceding I
Even in writing his book, which takes the form of a numbered and indexed card index, he's making explicit links to the similar card index which he made in volume 1 of the book. It's as if he's created his own hypertext of linked material between the two volumes.
-
- Nov 2023
-
-
25Hypertext Avant La LettrePeter Krapp
Krapp, Peter. “Hypertext Avant La Lettre.” In New Media, Old Media: A History and Theory Reader, edited by Wendy Hui Kyong Chun and Thomas W. Keenan, 1st ed., 432–51. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Samizdat copy available at: https://www.krapp.org/pdf/hypertextavant.pdf.
-
- Aug 2023
-
bertrandmeyer.com bertrandmeyer.com
-
It can be amusing to see authors taking pains to describe recommended paths through theirbooks, sometimes with the help of sophisticated traversal charts — as if readers ever paidany attention, and were not smart enough to map their own course. An author is permitted,however, to say in what spirit he has scheduled the different chapters, and what path hehad in mind for what Umberto Eco calls the Model Reader — not to be confused with thereal reader, also known as “you”, made of flesh, blood and tastes.The answer here is the simplest possible one. This book tells a story, and assumesthat the Model Reader will follow that story from beginning to end, being however invitedto avoid the more specialized sections marked as “skippable on first reading” and, if notmathematically inclined, to ignore a few mathematical developments also labeledexplicitly.
Great attitude.
-
- Apr 2023
-
go-gale-com.atxlibrary.idm.oclc.org go-gale-com.atxlibrary.idm.oclc.org
-
The system also includes a searchable online database that will give a buyer instant information. "DOI will alsO provide a national directory of who owns what online," said Burns. "The system will give permissions, list rights fees and provide other articles by the same author and instantly put the buyer in contact with the publisher."
A subset of Ted Nelson's envisioned transcopyright system
-
- Mar 2023
-
www.wired.com www.wired.com
-
Profile of Ted Nelson
-
- Feb 2023
-
www.thesing-online.de www.thesing-online.de
-
A Zettelkasten is hypertext plus a hierarchical tree structure and keywords.
an elegant little statement
-
- Jan 2023
-
www.kickscondor.com www.kickscondor.com
-
in 2023, I find myself missing the seeming constancy of the old "gang":
- https://www.kickscondor.com/ - inactive since July 2022
- https://philosopher.life - site seems to have gone offline in late December 2022
- https://sphygm.us/ - slowed down in late 2021 and quit updates in January 2022
- https://wiki.waifu.haus/ - seems to be considering
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Dec 2022
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
- Nov 2022
-
theinformed.life theinformed.life
-
Mark: Cathy Marshall at Xerox PARC originally started speaking about information gardening. She developed an early tool that’s the inspiration for the Tinderbox map view, in which you would have boxes but no lines. It was a spatial hypertext system, a system for connecting things by placing them near each other rather than drawing a line between them. Very interesting abstract representational problem, but also it turned out to be tremendously useful.
Cathy Marshall was an early digital gardener!
-
- Sep 2022
-
alexanderobenauer.com alexanderobenauer.com
-
The concept involves having an item just like every other in your itemized system: it has a type, attributes, and references to other items.
I wonder if there's a good way to evolve wiki systems into the OS of the future by adding more sophisticated views and adding the abilities for computation. Seems like a good way to get multiplayer built in from the start. Maybe add the ability to have content addressed items as well.
-
-
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
-
Thus, hypertexts end up ashierarchical outlines with full pages of text connected by a single link to the next page of text
Clearly this is just historical context. I'm wondering if we still have issues with hypertext authoring. There seems to be a stronger intuition built up of how to separate pages of information. I'm curious if we could/should be doing better.
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Aug 2022
-
subpixel.space subpixel.space
-
there is an intended reading order
-
- Jun 2022
-
Local file Local file
-
In der Informationswissenschaft wurde bereits vor einigen Jahrzehnten einHypertext ganz allgemein als „ein Medium der nicht-linearen Organisationvon Informationseinheiten“ (Kuhlen 1991, S. 27). definier
Informationswissenschaftliche Definition von Hypertext
-
- May 2022
-
subpixel.space subpixel.space
-
let me sing the praises of documents for a moment. People often get carried away when they discover the original vision of hypertext, which involves a network of documents, portions of which are “transcluded” (included via hypertext) into one another. The implication is that readers could follow any reference and see the source material—and granted, this would be transformative. However, there’s a limit to the effectiveness of the knowledge network as a reading experience.
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Apr 2022
-
docdrop.org docdrop.org
-
Such radical compositional approaches arecontemporaneous with the Surrealist use of montage, but predateBurrough’s cut-up-fold-in technique, and ‘put[...] the avant-gardeclaims of hyperfiction to shame’ (Krapp, 2006: 362).
The compositional approaches mentioned here are those of Wittgenstein and Walter Benjamin.
What was Burrough's cut-up-fold-in technique?
-
In a remarkable essay on precursors to hypertext, Peter Krapp(2006) provides a useful overview of the development of the indexcard and its use by various thinkers, including Locke, Leibniz, Hegel,and Wittgenstein, as well as by those known to Barthes and part of asimilar intellectual milieu, including Michel Leiris, Georges Perec,and Claude Lévi-Strauss (Krapp, 2006: 360-362; Sieburth, 2005).1
Peter Krapp created a list of thinkers including Locke, Leibniz, Hegel, Wittgenstein, Barthes, Michel Leiris, Georges Perec, and Lévi-Strauss who used index cards in his essay Hypertext Avant La Lettre on the precursors of hypertext.
see also: Krapp, P. (2006) ‘Hypertext Avant La Lettre’, in W. H. K. Chun & T. Keenan (eds), New Media, Old Theory: A History and Theory Reader. New York: Routledge: 359-373.
Notice that Krapp was the translator of Paper Machines About Cards & Catalogs, 1548 – 1929 (MIT Press, 2011) by Marcus Krajewski. Which was writing about hypertext and index cards first? Or did they simply influence each other?
Tags
- zettelkasten
- composition
- rhetoric
- hypertext
- Michel Leiris
- Georges Perec
- hyperfiction
- Walter Benjamin
- Georg Hegel
- Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
- Roland Barthes
- cut-up-fold-in technique
- Ludwig Wittgenstein
- paper machines
- Marcus Krajewski
- index cards
- Peter Krapp
- Claude Lévi-Strauss
- avant-garde
Annotators
URL
-
-
kairos.technorhetoric.net kairos.technorhetoric.net
-
Reading the nodes straight through from top to bottom of the index will result in one kind of landscape for the text, but not the only or probably the best
-
-
hyperland.com hyperland.com
-
Here's a xanalink to a historical piece-- Here's a xanalink to a scientific work-- Here's a xanalink to an early definition of "hypertext"
No, no, and no. This is an interesting fallout from Ted's fatwa that links be kept "outside the file".
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Mar 2022
-
www.mentalfloss.com www.mentalfloss.com
-
Raymond Queneau’s 100,000,000,000,000 Poems, a collection of 10 14-line sonnets with each page cut into 14 strips to allow readers to arrange them into a astonishing number of variations; Padgett Powell’s The Interrogative Mood, a novel composed entirely of questions; and Geoff Ryman’s 253, which was originally published on the web in the form of a collection of hypertext links.
-
One of those books was B.S. Johnson’s The Unfortunates, which Wildgust says he has used “to demonstrate how a ‘book’ can also be a box with unbound pages.” According to Wildgust, Johnson borrowed the idea from Turkish-born writer Marc Saporta’s 1962 experimental novel Composition No. I, which was printed as a collection of 150 unbound, single-sided pages that can be read in any order.
Link this to Henry James Korn's experimental novel/cards in the early 1970s and late 1990s hypertext fiction.
-
-
www.cs.umd.edu www.cs.umd.edu
-
The vision of mem ex as a personal workstation was a powerful force in shaping the development of personal computers, our work on hypertext (Shneiderman and Kearsley, 1989), and the emergence of the World-Wide Web (Berners-Lee, 1993).
In 1998, Ben Shneiderman acknowledged the influence of Vannevar Bush's vision of the memex on his work on hypertext.
-
- Feb 2022
-
Local file Local file
-
By adding these links between notes, Luhmann was able to addthe same note to different contexts.
By crosslinking one's notes in a hypertext-like manner one is able to give them many different contexts. This linking and context shifting is a solid method for helping one's ideas to have sex with each other as a means of generating new ideas.
Is there a relationship between this idea of context shifting and modality shifting? Are these just examples of building blocks for tools of thought? Are they sifts on different axes? When might they be though of as the same? Compare and contrast this further.
-
- Jan 2022
-
-
The spider web system was, in fact, a work in progress; the resulting hypertext was designed to be open-ended.
One's lifetime of notes could be thought of as a hypertext work in progress that is designed to be open-ended.
Tags
Annotators
-
- Nov 2021
-
-
https://jamesg.blog/2021/11/18/hypertext-coffee-pot
Introducing the HyperText Coffee Pot
-
- Oct 2021
-
www.xanadu.net www.xanadu.net
-
The computer world is not just technicality and razzle-dazzle. It is a continual war over software politics and paradigms. With ideas which are still radical, WE FIGHT ON. We hope for vindication, the last laugh, and recognition as an additional standard-- electronic documents with visible connections.
El mundo de la informática no es sólo tecnicismo y deslumbramiento. Es una guerra continua por la política y los paradigmas del software. Con ideas todavía radicales, seguimos luchando. Esperamos la reivindicación, la última carcajada, y el reconocimiento como un estándar más: documentos electrónicos con conexiones visibles. /// Comentar con la traducción como un modo de estar completamente de acuerdo con este definición. Muchas veces hemos dicho, no es la tecnologia perse lo que nos mueve, es la apropiación social de esta y las implicaciones que tiene en nuestro habitar politico, social, cultural etc del mundo.
-
- Aug 2021
-
cacm.acm.org cacm.acm.org
-
A thought by way of the Nelsonian school of hypertext:
Tim is quoted several times in this piece, which is to say that there is a larger body of content (say a recording of the interview, whether audio or a full transcript) from which this piece is borrowing snippets. Within the WWW worldview, that full record comprises a resource. Within the Nelsonian worldview of visible connections, at every place in the document where Tim is quoted, there should be an edge which the reader can traverse to reveal the unabridged record.
-
-
www.legalanthology.ch www.legalanthology.ch
-
One thing I'd like forward-looking hypertext toolmakers to keep in mind is the ability for the tools to help people answer questions like "What led to legalanthology.ch hosting a copy of this document? Given a URL from one organization, is it possible to look at the graph of internal backlinks (let me focus narrowly on incoming edges originating from the same host)?"
-
- Jul 2021
-
www.synapsen.ch www.synapsen.ch
-
Synapsen, a digital card index by Markus Krajewski
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Goodreads</span> in Markus Krajewski (Author of Paper Machines) | Goodreads (<time class='dt-published'>07/04/2021 00:22:32</time>)</cite></small>
-
-
flancia.org flancia.orgFlancia1
-
Feel free to play hopscotch
This idea of playing hopscotch#%22Table_of_Instructions%22_and_structure) through a text reminds me of some mathematics texts I've come across where the author draws out a diagram of potential readings and which portions are prerequisites so that professors using the book might pick and choose chapters to skip in their presentations.
Also reminiscent of the Choose Your Own Adventure books from childhood too.
cross reference: [[John Barth]], [[Henry James Korn]] and [[experimental fiction]], and [[hypertext]]
-
- May 2021
-
english.stackexchange.com english.stackexchange.com
-
Definition of lexia (or French lexie).
-
-
blog.jonudell.net blog.jonudell.net
-
It’s more productive to work with fewer but larger documents that bundle many bits and pieces together. If I send you a link to a section called out in the TOC, it’s as if I sent you a link to an individual document. But you land in a context that enables you to find related stuff by scanning the TOC.
-
- Apr 2021
-
collectiveiq.wordpress.com collectiveiq.wordpress.com
-
Documents should offer the same granularity.
That neither content creators nor browser vendors are particularly concerned with the production and consumption of documents, as such, is precisely the issue. This is evident in the banner that the majority of the work has occurred under over the last 10+ years: they're the Web Hypertext Applications Technology Working Group.
No one, not even the most well-intentioned (such as the folks at Automattic who are responsible for the blogging software that made Christina's post here possible), see documents when they think of the Web. No, everything is an app—take this page, for example; even the "pages" that WordPress produces are facets of an application. Granted, it's an application meant for reading the written word (and meant for occasionally writing it), but make no mistake, it's an application first, and a "document" only by happenstance (i.e. the absence of any realistic alternative to HTML & co for application delivery).
-
-
tekkie.wordpress.com tekkie.wordpress.com
-
Though its format can be copied and manipulated, HTML doesn’t make that easy.
In fact, HTML makes it very easy (true for the reasons that lead Mark to write that it can be copied and manipulated). It's contemporary authoring systems and the typical author-as-publisher and the choices they make that are what makes this difficult.
The future of rich media lies in striving to be more like dead media (or at least mining it for insights by better understanding it through thoughtful study), rather than the misguided attempts we've been living inside.
(This is something that I've done a 180 on in the last year or so.)
-
It’s designed so that whoever produced the video controls how it appears, and how it’s used.
It is exactly that "timid" ("tepid"?) attempt at dynamism that has led to these circumstances.
-
-
-
Hypertextualität
Zu der im Working Paper angesprochenen "medienintegralen Verknüpfung von Dokumenten und Gegenständen" und deren Bezug auf Hypertextualität: In offen gehaltenen digitalen Publikationen (wie living handbooks) können stetig neue Knoten dazustoßen. Diesen Aspekt könnte man an dieser Stelle auch kurz erwähnen - in der Hypertextforschung häufig unter den Schlagwörtern "Prozessualität" oder "rhizomatisches Schreiben" verhandelt.
Siehe bereits bei Nelson (1993): Literary Machines, Vers. 93.1, S. 2/17.; zusammengefasst auch bei Żebrowska, Ewa (2013): Text – Bild – Hypertext. / Eibl (2004): Hypertext.
In diesem Zusammenhang ebenfalls relevant: Über die Verknüpfung von Knoten hinaus kann die Anreicherung mit Informationen und (Meta-)Daten auch über die Gestaltung der Knoten selbst erfolgen: 1.) Auf der Ebene der Granularität von Knoten: Die in einem Knoten aufgeführten Informationen können in unterschiedlichen Detailgraden eingeblendet werden, oder auch mehr oder weniger (Meta-)Daten integrieren/referenzieren. (s. Iske (2002): Vernetztes Wissen, S. 29). Ted Nelson hat dies bereits unter dem Begriff "stretch text" eingeführt (zusammengefasst bei Eibl, S. 58 f.). 2.) Versionierungen der Knoten ermöglichen ständige Veränderungen an den Knoten und gleichzeitig das Anzeigen dieser verschiedenen Versionen (s. dazu zusammenfassend Krameritsch (2007): Geschichte(n) im Netzwerk, S. 117 f.).
-
- Mar 2021
-
corytheboyd.com corytheboyd.com
-
I was pretty annoyed with myself for having fallen for the trap of not documenting my own systems, but not sure how I could have remembered all of the Hugo-isms
I've explained such a system, and promised Andy Chu an example that I've yet to be able to complete, but it comes down to this:
A website is fundamentally a document repository. One of the first documents that you should store in that repository is one which explains, in detail, the procedures for provisioning the host powering the site and how content gets published. (Even better if it's so detailed that the procedures exhibit a degree of rigor such that a machine can carry them out, rather than requiring manual labor by a human.)
-
-
-
multi-dimensional erector set that we're going forever
"A multi-dimensional erector set that will go on forever..."
No, unfortunately not forever.
-
-
-
Around 9:15:
"I'm telling you, that I don't know what to do. I'm completely lost."
"Then you need a guide"
[...]
"Why don't we just start at the beginning?"
The frustration of non-linear presentation in a nutshell.
-
- Feb 2021
-
robhaisfield.com robhaisfield.comAbout Me1
-
All you need to do is click on what is interesting. This is a special trait of this website - by Writing in hypertext, it is structured for both you and I to explore my thoughts. In a linear piece of writing, all ideas would be sequenced into one narrative. In my hypertext writing, the narrative is emergent and the ideas are associative.
A fascinating way to structure and describe a website.
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Dec 2020
-
scalar.usc.edu scalar.usc.edu
-
Guard fields proved invaluable for breaking cycles[5], a central anxiety of early hypertext [18][11].
Storyspace used a scripting language to create what they called "Guard Fields" — boolean logic that will make a link clickable or not based on the pages the reader had already visited up until that point.
What is interesting is that guard fields proved effective at breaking cycles (one of the risks of disorientation in hypertext).
-
- Oct 2020
-
hapgood.us hapgood.us
-
Wiki is perhaps the only web idiom that is not a child of BBS culture. It derives historically from pre-web models of hypertext, with an emphasis on the pre. The immediate ancestor of wiki was a Hypercard stack maintained by Ward Cunningham that attempted to capture community knowledge among programmers. Its philosophical godfather was the dead-tree hypertext A Pattern Language written by Christopher Alexander in the 1970s.
-
- Sep 2020
-
macwright.com macwright.com
-
The idea of a web browser being something we can comprehend, of a web page being something that more people can make, feels exciting to me.
my personal hope is that we can build a more sensible coherent web, that exudes the machines inside of it, by better harkening towards custom elements ("webcomponents"). move the page from being a bunch of machines in javascript, to a bunch of machines in hypertext.
and then build pages that start to expose & let the user play with the dom. start to build experiences that bridge the gap into the machine/page.
and keep going. keep going. build wilder web experiences. build more machines. and keep building battlesuits for the user, out of more componenets, out of more web, to let them wrestle & tangle with & manipulate & experiment & hack on & see & observe & learn about the truthful, honest, direct hypertext that we all navigate.
-
-
medium.com medium.com
-
The Web Changed All
I am not sure whether the web is seen here as the universal hypermedia system it is.
-
Bush clearly understood the potential in managing content for a range of uses; unfortunately, the technology did not yet exist for his conceptual browsing machine. But it did sow the seeds for thinking about content in ways that we find familiar today.
The reference to Bush shows, that content strategy and the history of hypertext are closely related.
-
- Apr 2020
-
hapgood.us hapgood.us
-
Mark Bernstein’s 1998 essay Hypertext Gardens.
-
-
www.csdl.tamu.edu www.csdl.tamu.edu
-
Although certainly it would be folly to becomeenmired in imitating paper systems and paper-basedpractices, it is important to look beyond the existing on-linefacilities for readers
This is in clear opposition to the ideas of Brust and Rothkugel in their 2007's "On Anomalies in Annotation Systems", where they claim that "a new annotation system is doomed to fail if it is based on the pen-and-paper annotation paradigm only".
-
-
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
-
other text
George Landow refers to these texts linked by hyperlinks as "lexia". This is also the term used by Catherine Marshall in "Toward an ecology of hypertext annotation".
-
- Dec 2019
-
www.kickscondor.com www.kickscondor.com
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Nov 2019
-
www.nngroup.com www.nngroup.com
-
According to Raskin, too many people working on hypertext have concentrated on mechanisms instead of on the user interface. It is necessary to look at the entire spectrum of interaction and to do continuous user testing.
-
- Sep 2019
-
cs.brown.edu cs.brown.edu
-
No modern software engineer would choose to work without an IDE
I doubt so, unless emacs and vim are also counted as IDEs. IDEs are useful but they build on tools which can be used independently (editor, compiler, debugger...).
-
-
www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
-
NOTE: This annotation is a contemplation/criticism of a particular style of linking and is no way a reflection of my opinion about the author's work and ideas, which I respect greatly.
I was contemplating why the use of links in this paper bothered me so much, and it led to some interesting questions/thoughts.
(I know many others within the hypertext literature community have written about the many (multivariate) semantic functions of links, but I have admittedly yet to read that research, so I apologize if my extemporaneous thoughts on the subject are banal.)
The destinations of most links in this paper (take the whole Abstract for example) are highly ambiguous. As the reader I experience curiosity, yes, but also a certain amount of anxiety about the constant choices I must make and the impossibility of dispelling the unknown. This is made considerably worse on mobile where there is no "hover" state to reveal the destination url. Even on desktop the urls are all routed through researchgate.net and thus require some additional cognitive effort to parse the final destination. Upon exploring some of these links, we find that the type of destination is also highly diverse/multivariate:
- weaving meaning → presentation notes
- Things → blog post
- Personal Knowledge → blog post
- augmenting their tacit awareness → annotation of conference session
- Knowledge Augmentation → academic paper
Thus even after following these links one is not able to derive any meaningful expectations about where the links might lead. There is a double confusion: the initial ambiguity and the { patternlessness / resistance to learning }. In my experience as the reader, and perhaps I am not the only one, I feel anxious, split, and ultimately mired in the heap of heterogeneous connections that I am being presented with. The nature/style of link usage in this paper works against its basic coherency. They land as distractions. Only through an application of will may I forge ahead to read the paper in its (short) entirety.
Perhaps, you might suggest, I am doing it all wrong; I should read the paper through, and then go back to explore connections. Inline/embedded links still represent an improvement over traditional footnotes as I do not have to navigate back and forth between them. Yes, how am I as the reader to resist the tempting azure, the smooth and confident understroke, of the link? It is like going for a hike and suffering either blind adherence to an arbitrary path, haunted by the mystery of untaken side trails, or the aimlessness of tangential indulgence that leaves you a hundred meters from the trailhead.
Context, it must be acknowledged, is important. If this were a piece of literary fiction, the reader may very well have the expectation that their journey will be filled with mysterious choices; all the better, as the choices were designed with one's reading pleasure in mind! There is nothing but the happy exploration of the branching narrative. Yet, this is an academic paper (at least presented as such), and so the reader expects to learning something, to acquire a deeper understanding of a subject, or at least to broaden one's sensemaking horizons. The constant branches might as well be rocks in the path that the reader is constantly tripping over, knowing the trail must offer some glimpses of natural beauty if only they could focus on the journey.
It all begs the question: Who are the links really for? They represent the author's mental model, the author's priorities. It is like being invited to peruse someone's home: "Yes, yes, feel free to look around, as you will!" The reader will no doubt form their own mental model of the disparate data. Yet the stasis of the document resists the reader's creative impulses; it won't move for them. Text will not rearrange, links will not form. That power was granted to the author. Now, the reader clumsily explores the frozen statue of the author's creation.
Let us not fall into the false choice between staid nonambiguity and scattershot freedom. As we turn our awareness inward, we see the richness of consciousness, of feeling, of the interpretative process, of apprehension as it miraculously unfolds. It is structured, it is emotional, and it is limited only by our imagination. Reaching into the depths of our phenomenology provides the basis for a principled and decidedly human topology of hypertext that points the way to truly augmenting human intelligence.
-
-
arthurperret.fr arthurperret.fr
-
A node is an elementary document whose content expresses a single idea: it is a semantic unit . . . Links are the main way to organize a document in a non-sequential way . . . In the case of a text, the anchor locates a “location” inside the text, that is to say a semantic unit of lower level than the node
- node: elementary document, single idea
- links: organize document in non-sequential way
- anchor: location inside the text
-
‘Hyper-’ refers to structure and not size
etymology of the word ‘hyper’
-
-
cs.brown.edu cs.brown.edu
-
Indexed the proceedings for Hypertext '87, '91, '93, and ECHT '94 conferences. Currently am creating a global index and hypertext for all the SigWeb (formerly SigLink) hypertext conferences since 1987
We could index it in Wikidata as part of WikiCite.
-
- Jul 2019
-
lms.thesoftwareguild.com lms.thesoftwareguild.com
-
Schedule an appointment Request an estimate Pay your invoice
These hyperlinks would be much more friendly to a person using a screen reader.
-
- Mar 2019
-
www.insidehighered.com www.insidehighered.com
-
It would be better than hypercards
I am famous for my non-prescient thinking around technology. I too was on BBS's at the time and when I heard about the Hypertext Protocol and the internet, I told my wife that it wasn't going to go any where. I mean why would somebody go through all that trouble when you could just download a hypercard stack from a BBS, edit it, and then re-upload it to the bulletin board?
-
- Dec 2018
-
monoskop.org monoskop.org
-
Let me introduce the word "hypertext"***~ to mean a body of written or pic- torial material interconnected in such a complex way that it could not conveniently be presented or represented on paper.
I love that Ted was prescient enough to give this 5 stars.
-
- Oct 2017
-
www.uv.es www.uv.es
-
Hypertext systems exploit the interactive potential of computers to reconstruct text not as a fixed series of symbols, but as a variable-access database in which any discursive unit may possess multiple vectors of association (see Conklin; Joyce; Slatin)
Definition of hypertext.
-
With Xanadu, Nelson invalidates technological abjection, advancing an unabashedly millenarian vision of technological renaissance in which the system shall set us free.
Hypertext as liberating.
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
- Jun 2017
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
But true freedom from the tyranny of the line is perceived as only really possible now at last with the advent of hypertext, written and read on the computer, where the line in fact does not exist unless one invents and implants it in the text.
Hypertext as opposite of "the line," the sentencem the novel, linear narrative.
-
- Mar 2017
-
disruptivemedia.org.uk disruptivemedia.org.uk
-
Both the article in itself and its design in DJMP raise questions about the architecture and materiality of the book and publishing, including academic publishing, through its discussion of artist books and open access. The interesting discussion is of course how ways of publishing, textual formats, ways of writing, editing and reading relate to different kinds of politics, e.g. institutional, economic, ways of ascertaining quality, etc. These are very important questions, both in global politics (e.g. the discussions on ‘fake news’ and its relation to social media), in institutional politics (e.g. the standards and quality assessment of academic publishing) and in art and literature (e.g. whether readers are able and willing to actually read and understand different forms of texts). In general, it is a question of how the text mediates and transforms the reading, how meaning is produced and how/whether it reaches an audience, whether it is productive of e.g. meaning, knowledge and/or action. It is a discussion of the text between mediator and tool.
It is noteworthy how little has happened after several decades of digital publishing and a plethora of death sentences for books and print: Even though some things have changed and are changing e.g. WWW’s ‘non-linear’ and labyrinthine, multi-cursal (Aarseth 1997) hypertext and the collaborative writing tools and platforms like wikis and social media are part of our everyday textual culture, we still have books and journals. Why? Is it because, as Stuart Moulthrop suggested already in 1991, that although hypertext affords new visions about a shared writing space, the responsibility for changes of this magnitude come from a diverse elite (of software developers, literary theorists, legislators, capitalists) who despite their differences remain allegiant to the institutions of intellectual property (the book, the library, the university, the publishing house). In other words, Moulthrop suggests that “it seems equally possible that engagement with interactive media will follow the path of reaction, not revolution.” (Moulthroup 2003 (1991), Andersen and Pold 2014). Is it because of institutional conservatism, because readers are conservative and slowly adapting (as the rather slow development of hypertext seems to suggest), is it a political battle (as the current discussions of the role of digital media, social media versus traditional media might suggest)? And to which extend is it a battle we should go for, if it includes breaking down the kinds of authority that comes with established publication formats and editorial processes (at least the current political climate raises some concerns).
I know that many of these concerns are afterthoughts to an article and a design done before the current situation, and in this sense, they are more reflections that might be relevant for further work. However, the questions remain, whether hypertext and collaborative authoring always leads to more freedom and productive reading/writing? Whether deconstructing the order of the text and its extended argument is always a good thing? We have of course examples of great hypertextual formats that function well as tools and presentation of knowledge, e.g. the encyclopedia, but maybe there are also good reasons to preserve the extended argument of the book and the article? Today it seems simply wrong to assert that "hypertext does not permit a tyrannical, univocal voice” (Landow 1992) faced with Trump and Wilders’ tweets. Consequently, I think, the argument of the article and its design could relate to the history of hypertext and electronic literature, though the discussion of artist books and open access publishing is also relevant.
The implementation in DJMP is in many ways exemplary and manages to present the article in nice ways, including the posters, the ability to comment and follow keywords. It allows its reader to access and use the text in different ways, and gives the valuable possibility of commenting and reading other people’s comments. In this it also follows paths from hypertext and electronic literature/digital culture, e.g. Electronic Book Review of A Peer Reviewed Journal About_. The design in many ways affords that it can do as it ‘preaches’, and in this way experiments with different ways of publishing academic texts. This is needed and current academia is not open enough to these kinds of experiments, that are, as argued, much more than making open access a homogeneous project – there is a need for an ongoing critical struggle that includes the forms of publishing. This is necessary, also to reach the popular masses on Twitter and Facebook! Currently, it is a problem, that standardizations within academia driven by STEM standards does not invite for such experiments that would in many cases not even be accepted as examples of academic publication. Also, I want to finish emphasizing that my discussion above is mainly stirred by the qualities of the publication, the important questions and reflections it raises.
References
Andersen, C. U. and S. B. Pold (2014). "Post-digital Books and Disruptive Literary Machines: Digital Literature Beyond the Gutenberg and Google Galaxies." Formules 2014(18): 164-183.<br> Landow, G. P. (1992). Hypertext the convergence of contemporary critical theory and technology. Baltimore, Md, Johns Hopkins University Press.<br> Moulthroup, S. (2003 (1991)). You Say You Want a Revolution. The New Media Reader. N. W.-F. N. Montfort. Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England, The MIT Press: 691-704.<br> Aarseth, E. J. (1997). Cybertext perspectives on ergodic literature. Baltimore, Md., Johns Hopkins University Press.
-
- Aug 2016
-
www.csdl.tamu.edu www.csdl.tamu.eduht91.pdf1
Tags
Annotators
URL
-
-
smgprojects.github.io smgprojects.github.io
-
This document is used as an example in this page about using Hypothesis in conjunction with Atom. Very useful.
-
- Apr 2016
-
hapgood.us hapgood.us
-
The initial vision of hypertext was profoundly integrative (Bush, Nelson, etc).
-
- Jan 2016
-
www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
-
traditional narrative time line vanishes
I'm interested in hypertext (and annotation) before this point, before fully rupturing the narrative, but somehow co-existing with it...
-
- Oct 2015
-
www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
-
it tells us little about sales of actual ebooks
Or about the broader context for reading. Often strikes me that we still take the “book” concept as a given. Texts come in many forms but we’re stuck with this model of packaging texts by length. Much of literary postmodernism had to do with breaking free of those boundaries on our thinking. But eBooks often reproduce the linearity and boundedness of pre-hypertext “books”. Landow’s book was first published in 1991. What happened in the last 25 years?
-
- Sep 2015
-
hyperland.com hyperland.com
-
people now think hypertext means the web
See Nelson's reply to Tim Berners Lee about crediting him in Weaving the Web.
-
In 1960 I had a vision of a world-wide system of electronic publishing, anarchic and populist, where anyone could publish anything and anyone could read it. (So far, sounds like the web.) But my approach is about literary depth-- including side-by-side intercomparison, annotation, and a unique copyright proposal. I now call this "deep electronic literature" instead of "hypertext," since people now think hypertext means the web.
-
- Oct 2013
-
fchasen.github.io fchasen.github.io
-
What a great text to demo epub.js and hypothes.is! Moby-Dick must be the most mind-blowingly allusive and hypertextual writing in the English language!
-