274 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2023
    1. 楣樑(柱頂楣構) Note: 主要用於古典建築物,是古典柱頭頂部三大主要部份中位置最低的一個,擱在圓柱頂板上,包含以過樑方式橫跨圓柱或角柱的水平橫樑。古典柱頭頂部的另外兩個部份為挑檐和檐壁。環繞門或窗,類似柱頂過樑的鑄模框架,稱為「楣樑飾邊」。環繞拱門外部弧線的裝飾板條,則稱「拱門緣飾」。

      example of meta/hypothesis-on-glasp annotation

      entablature 楣樑;柱頂楣構

      order: 古典建築柱式(style, rule) e.g. Doric order

    1. 城市蔓延(英語:urban sprawl),或稱郊區蔓延(suburban sprawl),俗稱攤大餅,是指郊區城市化過程中,都市人口大幅向外發展,侵佔都市邊緣的鄉郊地區並形成低密度、單功能,且通常依賴小汽車的社區。除了描述特定的城市化過程的模式外,該術語也常常涉及其社會和環境上的後果。歐洲大陸常用「邊緣城市化」(peri-urbanisation)一詞來表示類似的過程,而歐洲環境署仍使用術語「城市蔓延」(urban sprawl)。關於何為蔓延以及如何量化蔓延存在廣泛分歧,例如一些評論員只用每英畝的居住單位數來度量蔓延,但也有人認為蔓延與非中心化(沒有明顯的中心,人口分散)、不連續性(蛙跳式發展,如下定義)和功能分離等有關。

      example of meta/hypothesis-on-omnivore annotation

    1. 楣樑(柱頂楣構) Note: 主要用於古典建築物,是古典柱頭頂部三大主要部份中位置最低的一個,擱在圓柱頂板上,包含以過樑方式橫跨圓柱或角柱的水平橫樑。古典柱頭頂部的另外兩個部份為挑檐和檐壁。環繞門或窗,類似柱頂過樑的鑄模框架,稱為「楣樑飾邊」。環繞拱門外部弧線的裝飾板條,則稱「拱門緣飾」。

      entablature 楣樑;柱頂楣構

      order: 古典建築柱式(style, rule) e.g. Doric order

    1. Ancient builders developed several Orders, or rules, for the design and proportion of buildings, including the columns. Doric is one of the earliest and most simple of the Classical Orders set down in ancient Greece. An Order includes the vertical column and the horizontal entablature.

      order

      cf wiki : Doric order

      The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns. Originating in the western Doric region of Greece, it is the earliest and, in its essence, the simplest of the orders, though still with complex details in the entablature above.

    1. you have to pay for auto caption in davinci resolve so if you're  willing to spend the 300 bucks fine if you're not and you want and you need and you absolutely love  to do auto caption for free cap cut it is

      OK, super important: free version of DaVinci Resolve doesn't offer auto captioning. Confirmed by a second source.

    2. trying to edit a super small video a  short actually on DaVinci Resolve and I cannot do anything anything it's like the weirdest thing  uh so I guess there is a super uh deep learning curve to start using this software

      CapCut剪映又多了一票

    1. 後備箱

      tw: 行李箱 cn: 後備箱 US: trunk UK: boot

    2. NO TRADITION IS sacred—not even trick-or-treating. In recent Halloween festivities, many Americans switched to trunk-or-treating. Instead of going door-to-door on neighbourhood streets, children shuffled between cars in parking lots and collected candy from their open boots, which were bedecked by giant spiders and terrible ghouls. It was the latest demonstration of something that has long been true: cars have a remarkably tight grip on American life. America is far more car-reliant than any other big country, averaging roughly two vehicles per household. This, in turn, is linked to many ills: obesity, pollution, suburban sprawl and so on.沒有什麼傳統是神聖不可改變的,就連“不給糖就搗蛋”也不例外。在最近的萬聖節活動中,許多美國人把它改成了“後備箱討糖”。孩子們不再在街區里挨家挨戶地敲門,而是在停車場的汽車之間穿梭,從裝飾着巨型蜘蛛和可怕鬼怪的敞開的後備箱裡收集糖果。這再次反映了長期以來的一個事實:汽車在美國人的生活中擁有驚人的支配力。美國對汽車的依賴遠遠超過任何其他大國,平均每個家庭大約擁有兩輛車。而這又與許多弊病相關聯:肥胖、污染、郊區無序擴張等。

      urban/suburban sprawl 郊區無序擴張 (wiki: 城市/郊區蔓延)

    1. cap cut their Auto caption uh feature works much much quicker and oftentimes a lot more accurately

      Auto Caption: especially if CapCut 剪映 jianying, jian ying (made by ByteDance, think TikTok) also offers Chinese caption, I'm sold!

    2. there is a feature that both cap cut desktop and DaVinci Resolve both have but in my opinion and most importantly in my experience cap cut does this better than DaVinci Resolve

      Can't wait to find out

    1. 可達性(accessibility)

      Nice. I recently learned of 可及性 from a court interpreter colleague.

    1. The best way to use Descript is to edit the waveform with the text as a guide. You really cant edit straight in the text as the results are bad.

      Right on! Going with the text only is asking for trouble. The waveform is still irreplaceable; the words are a guide.

    2. I'm a big fan. Here are a few videos that show my workflow:https://youtu.be/N41v30oLM2ohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGAz7q_ralkI figure it's actually saved me a ton of time and $, because my time spent editing has gone way down.

      Good argument for it. If one does enough podcasting or vlogging, the $24/month is nothing for all that it can do.

    3. I'm using it currently. I'd say its a mixed bag, but mostly positive. I Um and Err ALOT and wanted a program to help with that. After using it for 6 weeks, I think it works but takes time to utilize properly. The best course of action long term is likely to just learn better speaking habits.Its VERY easy to remove filler words, which is mainly what I use it for. At times it will cut out another word next to the filler word, so you still have to listen to the edit and make sure everything is good. Its not a click once and done type of thing.The transcription itself is pretty good considering I have not provided it with any voice samples. Editing the text and seeing it reflected in the video edit is super cool. It has trouble with words that are unique or proper nouns, but that is to be expected.There is a feature that can recreate your voice - because you need to provide voice samples for that, I have not tried this and therefore cannot speak to how well it works. Again I suspect it would have problems translating proper nouns.Overall, I think it generally does what it advertises well, but people expecting a sliver bullet will be disappointed. My recommendation would be to buy it for a few months first, then sign up for an annual plan if you like it. Its worth a $50 to see if helps you enough to justify the cost.

      Good suggestion. I feel it's going to be a mixed bag too. The AI voice overdubbing part is always going to be iffy.

    4. I have a lot to say about Descript after a month. I've edited five episodes so far, spent about fifteen hours with their support team, trained two overdub voices, and watched about twenty hours of tutorials, and picked apart help.descript.com.Descript doesn't learn. So you'll constantly be fixing the same thing regarding edit boundaries, word boundaries, gaps, etc. The transcription glossary is helpful but not perfect.Overdub doesn't learn automatically, but a few steps means you can use your regular podcast content to train it with every track you make. You get what you put into overdub.Their help articles don't actually help with anything beyond step 1 of any process. They have no workflows anywhere and you can't see anyone editing anything live. All the YouTube content I can find is paid referrals.Their YouTube content has no timestamps, and everything covers the wow factor of removing text to edit. Their hour long livestreams are very bland, filled with terrible repeated filler words, and the social media manager does way too much talking while the helpful technician takes a backseat in every one I've watchedTranscriptions are done together in compositions, not on individual tracks, so there can be absolutely no cross talk.In the case of cross talk, or descript simply thinking it knows better than you, it will prevent you making changes. Like full stop it will change what you change, back to what's incorrect. Support knows about this.The automated tools don't work great, and you'll need to make manual passes anyway, so you might as well not use them.The stock overdub voices are usable right now in content you're selling, but they've said they might change this in the future, so using them may risk your content.Gap remover removes anything that isn't in a "word boundary" so laughing is gone.The filler word tools also rely on "word boundaries" which aren't frequently accurate, and require the most editing aside from dead air, I've found. Again, descript doesn't learn as it goes, so these changes will be constant and repeated.Overdub can't handle accents. My British co-host has done the 90 minute script and I've ran a few episodes in to train it, and he's come out very comically American. It's actually changed his voice. We all find this very amusing.If you're running a single person, narrative podcast, I can see huge, huge benefit to Descript. But if you're having a conversation, or more than one person in a room- all their YouTube content is using zoom- you'll have big issues. As in, 90% of descript isn't usable.Transcripts are done on the source track, so Studio sound and mic bleed remover don't help with accuracy.Their discord isnt very helpful- usually advising to file a support ticket. There's a message every few days usually.Livechat support hours are 9-5ish PST. Email responses can take a week or more.There are no best practices listed anywhere 18 they don't have device compatibility listed anywhere. The podtrak p4 can't record multitrack into descript for example.They have some odd ui choices regarding the timeline editor, ctrl+alt+e, and starting and stopping playbackDescript transcribes each track separately, so if your podcast is 30 minutes with three people, that's 90 minutes of transcription time you're being chargedIf you want to see what the program is missing, check out their feature request page. It's got 1500 articles of requests by users.Ultimately, I haven't got a single usable transcript, so I'm paying to slide words around and use studio sound. Which, thankfully is very handy compared to waveforms and making these changes manually in a program like audacity. Do I think it's worth $30 a month for that, forever, though? Great question.
    1. agenda really quickly we'll start out with talking about what social annotation is and what udl is um again

      test YT

    1. 「念」、「唸」都可解釋為「誦讀」、「反覆述說」,所以我們常說的「念書」、「念經」、「碎碎念」皆可通用「唸」字。其實,古代文獻裡多用「念」字,後人由於用字習慣使然,加上部首偏旁,幫助強化字詞的意義,便自然沿用下來了。

      近年來,我傾向回歸較早較原初的用法和中文字,通常指使用沒有口字旁的原字,如「碎碎念」,「念書」。

      這讓我想到英文發音的一個類比實例:很多 wh- 開頭的字,原初的發音,也是我國一開始學英語時老師教的唯一發音,是 /hw-/,帶有/h/音。但我們很快發現,美式英語中,這個/h/經常省略,剩下一個/w/音,what、 when、where 都是如此。

      我何時念 /hw-/ 何時念 /w-/ 是說不定的,唯一可以確定的,是我想強調一個字時,必然會念成/hw/,因爲那樣的發音編碼(encode)了更多訊息。

      有一次在我固定參加的週末逐步筆譯筆記練習會上,一位較年輕的口譯員同事竟然糾正我的when /hwEn/發音,說這個字的「正確」發音是/wEn/。

      (以上使用SAMPA音標,見此表。)

      我客氣但語氣堅定地說,謝謝指教,但這字的兩個發音都對,你顯然年輕許多。

    1. Apple Watch supports a VO2 max range of 14-65 mL/kg/min that is validated for users 20 years or older

      validation 驗證爲有效

      論文解釋

    1. Verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation (V3): the foundation of determining fit-for-purpose for Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs)

      驗證、分析驗證和臨床驗證(V3):確定生物測量技術(BioMeTs)是否合適用途的基礎。 #gpt

      這裡,GPT 把verification、validation 都翻做「驗證」。我覺得verification是初步驗證、確認安全,validation是在verification基礎上,確立該方法一定的有效度。也許,臨時起意的話,validate我會翻「驗證/確立/確證/證明 有效」。

      另外,會起意查詢validate這個特別用法,是因爲iOS Health app中,出現如「<某某測量/方法/app> is validated for <age group>」的說明。見官網

    1. Is Downloading Videos from YouTube and Other Sites LegalAnother common concern about 4K Video Downloader is whether it is legal to download videos from YouTube and other sites. The answer is yes, but with some caveats. According to the Fair Use Doctrine, it is legal to download videos for personal use, such as watching them offline or creating a backup copy. However, it is illegal to distribute or share downloaded videos without the consent of the copyright owner.

      Fair Use Doctrine 公平使用原則

    1. Because peak means the top, the maximum, it's possible to understand how people, even professional writers, confuse it with pique, as in the following examples: Revealing this new information to the police peaks their interest and now paints Shaw as a person of interest in Sophie's disappearance. (Washington Times) Sharon said he comes across many people who don't think opera is for them, but he hopes hearing about these kinds of "audacious experiments" will peak their interest. (Time)

      If Washington Times and Time writers got it wrong, it's no wonder a transciptionist for Amanpour and Company did too:

      Youtube clip

    1. Gen Alpha Is Here. Can You Understand Their Slang?

      Gen Alpha 「阿法時代」「A世代」 2010-2020中期出生者:頂多14歲

    1. 超級資本主義者

      ur-capitalist 的「Ur- / ur-」不是超級 (über-, super-, ultra-),而是典型的、代表性的,換句話說,也可說是知名的,但不見得極端、超級。

    2. 只有好處

      "net good" 怎麼變成「只有好處」?

    1. 2020年11月11日,蘋果公司發布基於ARM晶片(Apple M1)的蘋果桌上型電腦和筆記型電腦

      Apple Silicon (M1, M2, M3) is ARM-based.

    1. Rosetta is a translation process that allows users to run apps that contain x86_64 instructions on Apple silicon. Rosetta is meant to ease the transition to Apple silicon, giving you time to create a universal binary for your app. It is not a substitute for creating a native version of your app.To the user, Rosetta is mostly transparent. If an executable contains only Intel instructions, macOS automatically launches Rosetta and begins the translation process. When translation finishes, the system launches the translated executable in place of the original. However, the translation process takes time, so users might perceive that translated apps launch or run more slowly at times.The system prefers to execute an app’s arm64 instructions on Apple silicon. If a binary includes both arm64 and x86_64 instructions, the user can tell the system to launch the app using Rosetta translation from the app’s Get Info window in the Finder. For example, a user might enable Rosetta translation to allow the app to run older plug-ins that don’t yet support the arm64 architecture.

      "Get Info" popup contains option to use Rosetta

    1. 渐进阅读的必然性

      The Inevitability of Incremental Reading 漸進閱讀的必然性

      這是此頁的簡中翻譯: https://supermemo.guru/wiki/Inevitability_of_incremental_reading

    1. 槽點

      槽點也就是現實中或作品中的某個人設、場景、行為等,令人想要吐槽道一些突出特徵、特點。(尤其是與一些梗有關聯時)當有讓人想要一吐為快的梗出現時,便可以說出"槽點滿滿的啊!"

      source

    1. 清晰音質是同步口譯的必要條件,請大家告訴大家

      美國這裡很多縣市政府單位主辦的會,提供同步口譯,但他們完全不考慮必須給口譯員提供清晰音質這個必要條件,而是任他們用耳朵從現場擴音器轟隆迴響一團模糊的聲響中,接收講者的內容,再用小蜜蜂口譯給聽眾。

    1. 收到廠商改回的英文作文模擬考成績中,發現驚人的規律,「學生作文寫的行數除以 2,就會是獲得英文作文的成績

      Unscrupulous. Grading is time-consuming, but it's their job!

    1. If you have a Thunderbolt Display, this is what you want.

      Another (of many) good confirmation.

    2. Does not work with 27-inch LED Mini-DisplayPort Apple Cinema Display.

      OK. Mini-display doesn't work. As indicated on the product's box with a glaring red X.

    3. I have 2 27 inch Apple Cinema displays, both identical in everything except for the technology in their display connections. One is Thunderbolt 2 and the other is Mini Display port, both share the same exact connection but use different tech for signal throughput.

      Nice to know: Thunderbolt 2 vs. Mini Display port.

    4. One thing I hate about upgrading computers is wondering if my peripherals will work.

      Touché!

    5. It was advertised not to work on a mac pro M1 with an old apple cinema display

      Beware of contradicting advertisement.

    6. Guess I have to pa the "Apple Tax" for full functionality

      Apple Tax :-)

    7. TLDR; you have to set your video camera and microphone to your laptop sources to get good quality when in a video conference.

      Too bad. I was excited to learn it would for my new M3 laptop. But I need the display's camera to work for Zoom conferences.

    8. when using Teams for video conferencing my video signal from the camera in the display gets severely crushed/pixelated by the dongle. It’s like it only has enough throughput to send the image to the monitor, not back to the computer from the camera. I just use the laptop camera. Otherwise works great.

      Wow. Good to know. Probably another overpriced made-in-China product making a huge profit in the Apple ecosystem.

      "Low throughput"?

    9. thunderbolt apple cinema 27” thunderbolt 2 monitor (the one with the lightning icon on the video plug, not the mini dvi box looking thing)

      Wonderful! This is also my monitor.

    1. UPTab USB C to Mini DisplayPort Adapter (4K@60Hz) USB-C/Thunderbolt 3 to MDP Adapter with Power Port for New M2 MacBook Pro/Air, iPad Pro, Mac Mini M1/M2, iMac and More (Silver)

      Recommended by an Amazon user. It works for "mini displayPort" and M1/M2/M3 laptop.

    1. Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP or mDP)

      cf. Mini DVI (different, but has the same icon: a box with a horizontal line)

    1. 其實案主大多只在乎成本,而不尊重專業,而且市場競爭相當大

      只在乎成本 競爭大

    2. Monday morning quarterback

      事後諸葛

    3. 美國國家美式足球聯盟(National Football League,NFL)的觀賞人次是遠高於籃球、棒球、冰球

      An example of a piece of knowledge to acquire.

    4. 針對口譯的第二個元素:背景知識,Tony 其實引用了蘋果公司創辦人賈伯斯(Steve Jobs)的話「Stay hungry, stay foolish」來表達其實求知欲其實是口譯員重要的人格特質,Tony 為台灣新聞電視台口譯2016美國總統辯論和美國前總統川普(Donald John Trump)轉播的勝選演講是他難忘的經歷之一,中途也曾遇過secretariat 一字的翻譯困難,但最後是曾經讀過了一篇賽馬文章救了他,原來是一匹馬的名字。

      You never know when you'll reap the benefits. Plant the seeds of curiosity now!

    5. 國高中時期在美國度過

      It shows.

    1. 著名的恐怖谷理論描述,人類面對與人形越相近的物體好感度就越高,但是當物體與人高度相似,卻又帶有一絲非人的氣息,好感度則會突然下降轉為排斥。同樣的現象是否也出現在文字?當我們從資訊類文本移動到表達類文本,也代表文風越貼近人性,但在展現人性的關鍵時刻,AI文字卻有種莫名的突兀感。

      恐怖谷/詭異谷 uncanny valley

    1. Learning English American Way

      唉,一個教「道地」英文的粉專,英文名 Learning English American Way 大剌剌少了一個重要的定冠詞 THE (應作 Learning English the American Way,真的「道地」不起來啊。

    1. They only will see

      "People won't see your struggles. They only will see your success."

      Actually, I will place "only" only before "your success". No other position is precise enough.

      這裡的only,我只會放在 your success 前面,因它修飾的對象是名詞 your success,不是 people,不是 will,也不是 see。

    1. 泰語和緬甸語則是音素音節文字(alphasyllabary)或元音附標文字(abugida)

      原文:Thai and Burmese are alphasyllabaries, or abugidas.

      這翻譯犯了一種技術錯誤,即「或」字的使用。乍看之下,「or」翻成「或」顯得無懈可擊,但細究起來,中文單一的「或」字,加上句子裡提到兩個語言,有可能誤導讀者如此對號入座:以爲泰語是第一類,緬甸語是第二類。就算沒被誤導,也無法立即讀懂這個「或」。

      其實,這「or」的意思是「或稱」,表示alphasyllabary 和 abugida 是一種東西的兩種稱法,中文可以翻成「,或稱」、「,又稱」、「,也叫做」,無論怎麼翻,都勝過一個單獨的、令人混淆的「或」字。注意,這種意思的 or,前面必定有一個逗號。

    2. 不過語言帝國主義終究是個權宜之詞,關鍵原因在於:這個議題指的並不是某特定強勢語言的霸權地位,如英語、法語等等,也非我們當今所見的特定殖民地語言政策,如將強勢語言加諸在特定人群身上。

      有點吹毛求疵了。中譯讀起來像是有兩個原因(「也非」後面帶出第二個原因),但原文表達的是一個原因: for one critical reason。「也非」後面闡述的是同一個原因(強勢語言的霸權)的進一步說明。

    3. 然而,這道難題必須盡快破解,才能判斷它對一個文明所構成的考驗:中文究竟能不能與現代性相容。

      看到書名,很吸睛。從網路上找到對應的原文,讀了一下,覺得挺拗口,英文句子顯得冗長,不是很好讀,但不刁鑽。

      幾小段試讀的翻譯看下來,這個譯本很忠於原文,亦步亦趨採取相對直譯的策略來行文。但以此句而言,遺漏了一些重要的表達程度和強調的字眼:nothing short of、once and for all,這些詞並非空虛無意義,作者的用心處,如果能譯出來,讀者更能體會何以這道難題必須儘快破解。

      原文(強調部分是我加的):This puzzle would have to be solved quickly, though, for it constituted nothing short of a civilizational trial by which to judge once and for all whether Chinese script was compatible with Modernity with a capital M.

    1. Posted byu/[deleted]3 years agoArchivedHow do you politely tell someone they’re breathing heavily into their microphone?

      This is a problem with one new participant of a session I take part in regularly. I have been too polite to say anything, but the breathing is constant and loud. I am sure everyone is annoyed but no-one wants to be the bad guy. I wish the meeting's host would do everyone a favor and say something or mute the offender, thus creating a less distracting environment for all.

      When people aren't aware of basic mic etiquette and don't develop the habit of turning off their mic except when talking, this happens. Reminding people to turn off mic or enforcing it is in my opinion squarely the host's responsibility.

      I think those who participate in online meetings (this means many of us) should develop greater self-awareness and learn proper online etiquette.

    1. 或許是受「忠於原著」的說法影響,很多中譯者都十分規行矩步,處理長句子時會乖乖按著子句順序來譯,就算譯出來怪怪的,也很少作出大刀闊斧的改動。這樣直譯的結果,往往是讀者的惡夢。

      此文旨在批評「直譯」是不佳的做法,但所舉三例中,較差的二例,並非是直譯造成的問題,而原po的翻譯較好,也並非因爲不直譯,其實,從句法看,直譯的程度:

      張 > 毫末 > 宋

      宋是最大程度打破原文的語法重新組織,但恰好也寫出最拗口賣弄的中文。

    2. 兩個譯本卻都丟失了其中意思

      which所表的「運動」,意思在張的譯文中並未如所稱丟失,她明白寫出「那些運動」如何如何,只是如前述,「有助於」是多餘意思。

    3. 張譯本是拆成兩句來直譯,但後段意思搞錯了,宋譯本則索性漏掉不譯

      張後段並沒有搞錯,宋也沒有漏譯,只是各自的表達不同於毫末版。不過,我還是最欣賞毫末版,最符合原文的意思。

      宋的「流變」在譯movements,「與聞其一」在譯take part in any one of,只是文字太高調、賣弄,裝高雅。張的「有助於」雖然不好,但沒有到搞錯的程度。

    1. the apocryphal frog in the slowly boiling pot of water

      apocrypha. The story is said to be false: the frog is smarter than staying and getting boiled to death.

    2. Algorithmocene noun /ˈalɡərɪð mə si:n/ — presumably the next geological epoch following our short-lived Anthropocene

      I'm beginning to prefer the term Algorithmocene to Robotocene.

    1. Measures of heart rate variability index language knowledge

      index: 動詞,反映 #terp;掛鉤(A值隨B值變動、調整)

    2. Participants were asked to listen to 40 short English speech samples, half of which contained grammatical errors against articles (e.g., a/an, the).

      Only grammatical articles of English (the, a/an) are used for measurement in this study. While valid, it's a rather small (though important) subset of grammar. (note using Hypothesis)

      2nd para added (testing 3-min auto sync)

    1. 如今需要警惕的是過早採取政府行動,導致實際危害難以得到解決。

      導致->卻不能解決

      原文並無「導致」這種因果關係

    1. 即使AI狂热降温,这项技术也必然比加密技术更有用处

      有意思。Hypothesis可以註記這種有限預覽的文章,僅供閱讀文章開頭,接著就需付費、登入,才可讀剩下的內容:

      直接订阅,解锁《经济学人·商论》APP全部双语文章

    1. Writ of certiorari An order issued by the U.S. Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case which it will hear on appeal.

      abbreviated "cert" e.g. The supreme court has granted cert on the controversial case.

    1. dverbial: Any structure (word, phrase, or clause) that functions as a modifier ofa verb and fills the role of an adverb.

      根據CamGEL的定義: adverbial 是 function (功能) adverb 是 category (詞類)

    1. 错误类推是程度副词“巨”产生的直接原因。“大”义的形容词“巨”在现代汉语中已经不再单独使用,只是以构词成分出现在为数不多的一些词中,因此它缺乏实词虚化的最基本的条件――使用频率,不可能在使用中逐步虚化为副词。我们推测,程度副词“巨”之所以能够产生,双音词“巨大”是个重要的中介。从词的构成上说,“巨大”实际上是一个并列式的双音词,即“巨=大”;但从语义上看,双音词“巨大”比“大”的在表义程度更强烈,即“巨大=很大”。于是语言使用者会进行错误的类推:“巨大=很大”→“巨=很”。由于“巨大”是现代汉语中一个常用的双音词,语言使用者有足够多的机会进行这种错误的类推,重新分析得以成立,即:巨大(并列)→巨大(偏正),新的程度副词“巨”便由此产生。

      巨有趣!

      其實,我巨討厭聽到這個巨的新用法。

    1. Glasp supports web-hosted PDF files to annotate at this moment. So, please open a PDF on the web browser.

      The operative phrase: web-hosted PDF, and only that. Still better than nothing :-)