The paper proposes L-HetGRL, an unsupervised approach using a legal heterogeneous graph and incorporating legal domain-specific knowledge, to improve Legal Document Similarity Measurement (LDSM) with superior performance compared to other methods.

China's increasing digitization of legal documents has led to a focus on using information technology to extract valuable information efficiently. Legal Document Similarity Measurement (LDSM) plays a vital role in legal assistant systems by identifying similar legal documents. Early approaches relied on text content or statistical measures, but recent advances include neural network-based methods and pre-trained language models like BERT. However, these approaches require labeled data, which is expensive and challenging to obtain for legal documents. To address this, the authors propose an unsupervised approach called L-HetGRL, which utilizes a legal heterogeneous graph constructed from encyclopedia knowledge. L-HetGRL integrates heterogeneous content, document structure, and legal domain-specific knowledge. Extensive experiments show the superiority of L-HetGRL over unsupervised and even supervised methods, providing promising results for legal document analysis.

Ausführliche Artikel der taz über das fossil fuel crime file, eine von Greenpeace erstellte Liste von Verbrechen und zivilrechtlichen Vergehen derFfossilindustrie. Sie dient als Basis für juristische Aktionen. https://taz.de/Fossilindustrie-vor-Gericht/!5936699/

[19] AI - Legal Response

Mit der ENI wird zum ersten Mal auch in Italien eine Firma dafür angeklagt, dass sie für mehr Verbrauch von fossilen Brennstoffen warb, obwohl ihr die klimarisiken bereits seit 1970 bekannt waren. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/09/italian-oil-firm-eni-lawsuit-alleging-early-knowledge-climate-crisis

Recommended Resource

Since Unit 4 mentions some CC license infringement cases as examples, I recommend adding a court case from the Netherlands of a photographer suing a website for using their photo without permission or compensation. The name of the court case is below.

ECLI:NL:RBMNE:2021:5887

The court case ended with the judge awarding the photographer (plaintiff) the following damages (excerpt is from the court case records).

"5.4. orders [defendant] to pay to [plaintiff] against proof of discharge:

€ 450.00 in damages, increased by the statutory interest as referred to in Article 6:119 of the Dutch Civil Code, with effect from 11 June 2021 until the day of full payment,

€ 67.50 in extrajudicial collection costs,

5.5. orders [defendant] to pay the costs of the proceedings on the part of [plaintiff], estimated at € 2,036.30 until the judgment of this judgment, of which € 1,702.00 in salary for the authorized representative."

This case demonstrates the enforceability of the CC license in other countries, such as the Netherlands.

Recommended Source

Under the "More on Philosophies of Copyright" section, I recommended adding the scholarly article by Chinese scholar Peter K. Yu that explains how Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang can address the contradictions in effecting or eliminating intellectual property laws. One of the contradictions is in intellectual property laws protecting individual rights while challenging sustainability efforts for future generations (as climate change destroys more natural resources.

Yu, Peter K., Intellectual Property, Asian Philosophy and the Yin-Yang School (November 19, 2015). WIPO Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 1-15, 2015, Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-70, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2693420

Below is a short excerpt from the article that details Chinese philosophical thought on IP and sustainability:

"Another area of intellectual property law and policy that has made intergenerational equity questions salient concerns the debates involving intellectual property and sustainable development. Although this mode of development did not garner major international attention until after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the Yin-Yang school of philosophy—which “offers a normative model with balance, harmony, and sustainability as ideals”—provides important insight into sustainable development."

Interesting - but misses the 'alternative positive construction' of these affordances. The absences and ambiguity can be deployed regeneratively as well as in the form of resistance. This is building in the cracks rather than litigating the ugly new buildings.

Distinction between legal provision and legal affordance is useful at a general level - although the opportunistic use is not as distinct from legal provision as they say, given that no law is in practice ever really static. But the construction of 'relational space' for extractive purposes is paradoxical and disturbing.

The fact that you wrote something, and posted it on the Internet, doesn't mean I consent to it.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Signatures</span>

As part of this project we explored whether it would be possible for someone to sign this document on behalf of Livable Planet as a 'community' rather than as the 'legal employer'. As a general rule, a person can only sign on behalf of 'someone' else if they have the formal authority to do this (for example a power of attorney). Therefore, although it could be a nice symbolic gesture for there to be an additional signature block, this would not translate well from a legal perspective.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Collective Agreements</span>

For context, these usualy relate to an employer's agreements with employees’ representatives (from trade unions or staff associations).

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Goodbye Fund</span>

References to the Goodbye Fund has been included in the purple box as it is not feasible for the Goodbye Fund to be a legally binding obligation (as it is dependent on the wider financial health of the organisation). However, where statutory redundancy pay is applicable, the Goodbye Fund (which also serves the function of statutory redundancy pay) will always meet statutory levels as a minimum.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Confidential Information</span>

This clause has been included as most contracts that Livable Planet has signed (e.g. with funders) will include a confidentiality clause, and therefore contractually Livable Planet has contractually promised such organisations that their staff will keep confidential information confidential. There may be scenarios where certain information is not confidential and/or no confidentiality obligation exists - the 'written permission' caveat has been added to give Livable Planet and employees a process to ensure such information can be shared with others.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Data and Privacy</span>

It is a legal requirement for the employer to have the consent of employees to use their data. Therefore a new joiner must be given their privacy notice as part of onboarding - this is on top of any privacy notice provided as part of the recruitment process.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Training Requirements</span>

If training is "critical" to the role (i.e. it would be a condition of employment) this would legally have to be included in the contract, along with whether the organisation will pay for the training or if the employee must fund it themselves. In this scenario, the role does not require such training.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Introduction</span>

The language under this clause may appear to contradict the fact that Livable Planet operates an unlimited holiday policy. This language is needed because under English law, a leaver can be entitled to pay that is calculated by reference to any unused holiday, and therefore it needs to be clear that such payment is not calculated based on a whole year of 'unlimited' holiday leave.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Base Salary</span>

The Base Salary has been separate from Livable Planet's pay formula, which includes components that could lead to additional pay. This has been split out as these additional components are dependent on the financial health of Livable Planet and therefore cannot be legally binding (hence why this is only referred to in the non-contractual text box).

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Overtime Measures</span>

This language is included because the company runs an unlimited holiday policy - see clause 9 for further details.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Working Abroad</span>

Unfortunately, the disparate tax and legal systems of the world’s countries are yet to recognise, and facilitate, a ‘global citizen employee’ and there can be significant consequences for employer and personally for the employee in relation to unmanaged international remote working.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Policies</span>

It is important to distinguish what wording in the document is intended to be legally binding. One way we have done this is to make it clear that the general rule is that policies are not part of the contract.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Support Contact</span>

Whilst an organisation may intentionally not have a centralised 'human resources' department, it is important both from a legal and cultural perspective to ensure that employees feel able to raise any concerns or issues, and that they have people they feel able to talk to beyond those they work with. This is to ensure any issues can be understand and resolved as early as possible from a cultural perspective, but also to minimise people leaving the organisation on bad terms.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Non-Discrimination</span>

It is important to ensure any language relating to reviews etc. takes into account rules in relation to discrimination. This also applies to the processes the employer has in place from recruitment onwards.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Right to Work</span>

As an employer in England, the company is legally required to ensure all staff are entitled to work in the UK. This legal requirement is still true even when the company disagrees with this from a policy perspective.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: What is part of the contract</span>

It is important to distinguish what wording in the document is intended to be legally binding vs conversational / contextual. One way we have done this is to list out which elements of the document form the contract - note that this list does not include the 'about' page at the front of the contract.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Role Cards</span>

Note that the role cards from part of each individual's contract.The process for changing role cards is covered in the linked Roles Board resource.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Permanent Contract</span>

This contract is for a permanent role. It does not need to explicitly state contract as permanent as this is implied unless stated otherwise.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Details of Employment</span>

We have included a cover page with key employment details. This is for three reasons: 1. Usability for the company - keeping most of the factual information on the front cover means that it is quicker for the company to be able to tailor contracts for new joiners, and prevents legacy wording from previous contracts accidentially being included in other people's contracts. This page also creates a clean 'definitions' page, which means that instead of having to tailor wording throughout the contract, the contract can cross refer to 'the start date' etc, saving time and also reduces the risk of legacy text. 2. Usability for the new joiner - instead of having to scan-read a whole contract, the key information relating to their job can be found easily near the front of the document. 3. There are certain information that legally must be provided to the employee within certain time periods. Having the information in this format makes it less likely that such information won't be included. See our Reimaging Contract Terms table for further details.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Details are to be read with Terms</span>

As stated in the contract, the "overall employment contract is made up of your Details of Employment, the Role Card(s) you hold from time to time and these Employment Terms." This means that these Details of Employment have to be read as an integral part of the whole contract, and not on their own.

<span style="color: green;">Legal Consideration: Non-contractual Explanations</span>

It is important to distinguish what wording in the document is intended to be legally binding vs conversational / contextual. One way we have done this is to make it visually clear that all language in the purple boxes 'do not form part of the contract'.

How to use these annotations

Employment contracts, including this example, are ideally not be not one-size-fits-all, but designed to respond to a specific organisational, legal, and design context. We have created an annotated version of this example contract to explain our thought processes and reasons for why we have made the contract’s strategic decisions in this way.

We strongly recommend you read this version of the contract with annotations first, before using the contract as a starting point for your own, to understand the context of how that contract was shaped, and reflect on how these constraints or considerations may or may not apply to your own circumstances.

We have tagged these annotations under the key categories below:

• <span style="color: blue;">Policy Considerations: how we have considered the organisation’s policy, i.e. how its members decide to work together and run their organisation. </span>
• <span style="color: green;">Legal Considerations: how we have considered the legal frameworks in creating the contract, including how employment law, contract law, etc., has shaped how the contract works.</span>
• <span style="color: red;">Design Considerations: how we have considered communications design questions, including information hierarchy, user experience, and how to ensure the nature of the agreement is communicated clearly.</span>

We also invite you to look at our Reimagining Contract Terms table for our reflections on the typical terms that form an employment contract, and how they can be reimagined beyond their conventional approaches.

<span style="color: red;">Design Consideration: Contractually-defined Terms</span>

This helps with the interpretation of the contract, by distinguishing terms which are to be interpreted under their specific contractual definitions.

How to use these annotations

Employment contracts, including this example, are ideally not be not one-size-fits-all, but designed to respond to a specific organisational, legal, and design context. We have created an annotated version of this example contract to explain our thought processes and reasons for why we have made the contract’s strategic decisions in this way.

We strongly recommend you read this version of the contract with annotations first, before using the contract as a starting point for your own, to understand the context of how that contract was shaped, and reflect on how these constraints or considerations may or may not apply to your own circumstances.

We have tagged these annotations under the key categories below:

• <span style="color: blue;">Policy Considerations: how we have considered the organisation’s policy, i.e. how its members decide to work together and run their organisation. </span>
• <span style="color: green;">Legal Considerations: how we have considered the legal frameworks in creating the contract, including how employment law, contract law, etc., has shaped how the contract works.</span>
• <span style="color: red;">Design Considerations: how we have considered communications design questions, including information hierarchy, user experience, and how to ensure the nature of the agreement is communicated clearly.</span>

We also invite you to look at our Reimagining Contract Terms table for our reflections on the typical terms that form an employment contract, and how they can be reimagined beyond their conventional approaches.

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/12/user-generated-content-and-fediverse-legal-primer

We want to ensure any obligation on the employee is reciprocal and mutual on the employer, to remove power dynamics.

The law entitles the employee to minimum notice periods.

UK immigration law requires us to do this. This is also the case when it comes to this clause

Majeed, A., Hodes, S., & Marks, S. (2021). Consent for covid-19 vaccination in children. BMJ, 374, n2356. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2356

All of the information above that has been consented to, can be used by NetGear to make money off consenting individuals and their families.

This gives Netgear permission to know what you plug into your computer, be it a FitBit, a printer, scanner, microphone, headphones, webcam — anything not attached to your computer.

This could give Netgear the consent to watch every application you use, from The Sims to SETI to Photoshop to You Need A Budget.

Information collected by Block, Inc.

This conflicts with the effective date at the top of the document.

If a user's behavior causes harm to another party, and that other party sues Motorsport.tv, the user will cover any losses incurred by Motorsport.tv as a result of the user's behavior.

The agreement is only between the user and Motorsport.tv.

Motorsport.tv may change the terms at any time.

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, December 6). I do not understand the continued narrative that makes it sound as if extant legal systems don’t already provide the framework for assessing whether rights are unduly infringed by vaxx passports and mandates. This is exactly what constitutions are for. [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1467818167766593538

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘@STWorg @ProfColinDavis @rpancost @chrisdc77 @syrpis this is the most in depth treatment of the impact of equalities law on pandemic policy that I’ve been able to find- it would seem to underscore that there is a legal need for impact assessments that ask (some) of these questions https://t.co/auiApVC0TW’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 22 March 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1485927221449613314

A license of this type means that the licensee, or the person that is granted a license to use the service, cannot limit whom the licensor (e.g., the service provider) allows to also use the service.

Note: This is information is intended to be educational rather than informative. It is NOT intended to be, nor should it be treated as legal advice, and is not intended to provide any indication that an attorney-client relationship is being sought or being established. Before you do anything that could have an impact on your legal or equitable rights, you should always retain counsel in your jurisdiction, after carefully considering the merits and qualifications of that counsel.

Las etapas en el desarrollo del lector

Les administration vont devoir avoir des cartographies claires des donnees. Des organismes vont emerger pour mettre en place ces systemes d'interoperabilite

A domain-specific language for encoding legal interpretations.

Rubin, E. J., Baden, L. R., Mello, M. M., & Morrissey, S. (2021). Audio Interview: The Legal Basis for Covid-19 Restrictions and Mandates. New England Journal of Medicine, 385(21), e88. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2118197

Sett, S., Ribeiro, C. dos S., Prat, C., Haringhuizen, G., Avšič, T., Batten, C., Beato, M. S., Bourhy, H., Caro, A. D., Charrel, R., Coutard, B., Drexler, J. F., Drosten, C., Fooks, A. R., Klempa, B., Koopmans, M., Klimkait, T., Günther, S., Manuguerra, J.-C., … Scholz, A. H. (2021). Access and benefit-sharing by the European Virus Archive in response to COVID-19. The Lancet Microbe, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00211-1

Vaccine Mandates Withstand Challenges as Suits Surge Across U.S. (n.d.). Retrieved 25 October 2021, from https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/vaccine-mandates-withstand-challenges-as-lawsuits-proliferate

Schraer, R., & Morrison, N. (2021, October 12). Covid: Misleading vaccine claims target children and parents. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-58783711

Consent for covid-19 vaccination in children. (2021, September 23). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/09/23/consent-for-covid-19-vaccination-in-children/

ElizabethB 🏡 on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/laughinggull6/status/1436329945773531137

Ontbinding arbeidsovereenkomst

La protección de los derechos fundamentales implica la existencia de mecanismos para su protección, los cuales se construyen a partir de normatividad desarrollada por cada Estado internamente. La legislación Colombiana en materia de Derechos Humanos y Derecho Internacional Humanitario reconoce entre estos mecanismos:

1. La acción de tutela, 2. La acción de cumplimiento, 3. El Habeas Data, 4. El habeas Corpus, 5. Las accione de grupo, entre otras.

http://www.derechoshumanos.gov.co/consejeria/Paginas/Legislacion.aspx

Sprengholz, P., Henkel, L., & Betsch, C. (2021). Payments and freedoms: Effects of monetary and legal incentives on COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Germany. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hfm43

Dyer, C. (2021). Covid-19: Government faces legal action over £102m contract for FFP3 masks. BMJ, 373, n1040. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1040

Deutsch, J., & Barigazzi, J. (2021, April 21). EU preparing legal case against AstraZeneca over vaccine shortfalls. POLITICO. https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-preparing-legal-case-against-astrazeneca-over-vaccine-shortfalls/

Batohi, S. (2020, June 23). Covid-19 has changed everything from crime to policy. Legal systems must keep up. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/commentisfree/2020/jun/23/covid-19-has-changed-everything-from-to-policy-legal-systems-must-keep-up

Djordjević, S., & Dobovšek, B. (2020). Organised crime in Western Balkans Six at the onset of coronavirus. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-06-2020-0229

A friend of the court advising on some legal matter in support of one of the sides involved in the legal matter at hand thou not involved in the case.

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1314493024072863744

Casoria, F., Galeotti, F., & Villeval, M. C. (2020). Perceived Social Norm and Behavior Quickly Adjusted to Legal Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3681204). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3681204

McArdle, Elaine, August 26, and 2020. ‘COVID Adaptation’. Harvard Law Today. Accessed 7 September 2020. https://today.law.harvard.edu/covid-adaptation/.

Moshontz, Hannah, Grace Elizabeth Binion, Benjamin T. Brown, and Haley Walton. ‘A Guide to Self-Archiving Preprints’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 21 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dp4x9.

This is the case where it was initially ruled that the psychiatrist was the proximate cause for the patient, Williamson, to commit murder. Subsequent higher courts overturned this decision.

FSI Stanford. (2020, June 1). The Executive Order on Platforms and Online Speech: Stanford’s Cyber Policy Center Responds. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKeWGXT8qp4

Revisión de propuesta de decreto sobre el depósito legal digital en Colombia

Velásquez, N., Leahy, R., Restrepo, N. J., Lupu, Y., Sear, R., Gabriel, N., Jha, O., Goldberg, B., & Johnson, N. F. (2020). Hate multiverse spreads malicious COVID-19 content online beyond individual platform control. ArXiv:2004.00673 [Nlin, Physics:Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00673

About us. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2020, from /wps/wcm/connect/Site/CovidCrisisLab/Home/About+us

Savage, M. (2020, May 10). A return to work is on the cards. What are the fears and legal pitfalls? The Guardian | The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/09/coronavirus-return-to-work-employment-law-logistical-nightmare

Would a terms of service agreement be considered a contract in this case? So can you just make your terms of service basically include consent or implied consent?

Here they equate collection of personal data with transfer of personal data. But this is not very intuitive: I usually think of collection of data and transfer of data as rather different activities. It would be if we collected the data on a server in EU and then transferred all that data (via some internal process) to a server in US.

But I guess when you collect the data over the Internet from a user in a different country, the data is technically being transferred directly to your server in the US. But who is doing the transfer? I would argue that it is not me who is transferring it; it is the user who transmitted/sent the data to my app. I'm collecting it from them, but not transferring it. Collecting seems like more of a passive activity, while transfer seems like a more active activity (maybe not if it's all automated).

So if these terms are equivalent, then they should replace all instances of "transfer" with "collect". That would make it much clearer and harder to mistakenly assume this doesn't apply to oneself. Or if there is a nuanced difference between the two activities, then the differences should be explained, such as examples of when collection may occur without transfer occurring.

¿Si son obras digitales pensadas para estar disponibles en un lugar fijo en un plazo menor de tiempo?

Implica la responsabilidad por parte de la BNC de identificar dominios registrados en Colombia.

Esto implica una obligación desde la biblioteca por garantizar ambientes de reproducción, acceso, etc.

Mencionar el mecanismo y el estándar de metadatos requerido para la entrega a la BNC. Es recomendable ligar este parágrafo a una normalización para facilitar las labores de identificación, organización y preservación de las obras entregadas.

Referirse a términos como "Metadatos descriptivos y de identificación" u otros que la BNC no esté en capacidad de rastrear, aún cuando la BNC requiera unos datos mínimos como el de autor, contacto y fecha.

Desglosar con claridad los tipos de recursos o medios que tiene la BNC para acceder a una copia de preservación de los recursos. Es texto podría entenderse a que el editor está sujeto a esas posibilidades al tiempo, cuando puede que solo le aplique una de ellas.

¿Cómo se define materiales complementarios para obras que recurren a múltiples recursos, como los transmedia?

No es clara la intención de la entrega de un soporte físio por la creación de obras digitales que nacieron sin ese propósito. Si es un blog, como obra que circula en soportes no tangibles ¿se tendría que bajar a un soporte digital y entregar a la BNC?

Este aspecto, además de lo comentado antes, implica que existan expertos en áreas digitales en los distintos departamentos en donde operan estas bibliotecas o que se garantice que desde la BNC se pueda hacer una jornada que establezca estos parámetros, adecuados a los contextos de cada una de las bibliotecas.

El documento puede aclarar qué materiales debe recibir con certeza cada institución, teniendo en cuenta las cargas administratias y operativas para editores. Esto mejoraría, además, de liberar de ejemplares innecesarios o de poca relevancia para las demás entidades depositarias ¿cuánto le cuesta gestionar ejemplares que no utilizan?

El procedimiento de entrega puede debatirse entre las partes involucradas, con el fin de evitar ambigüedades entre lo que obliga la ley y los asuntos que son potestad de cada entidad.

También deben contemplarse los ejemplares para divulgar, en el caso de Bibliotecas Departamentales. Requerirían un ejemplar de divulgación y uno de preservación, si ese es el propósito de este artículo.

Esta limitación temática a las ciencias sociales, deja por fuera literatura, historia, geografía o educación que son importantes para la Biblioteca del Congreso.

La reglamentación, para ser más concreto, puede incluir un glosario de términos que den más claridad sobre los aspectos relacionados con el depósito legal.

Propuesta de reglamentación del depósito legal digital

Hacer explícito el cómo se hará y si existe algún tipo de excepción que cubra las acciones requeridas para estas capturas.

Es recomendable publicar los protocolos establecidos acompañando la propuesta de reglamentación, de lo contrario se generaría vacío por una metarecomendación que no cubre la ley, ni el protocolo ni la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia.

La identificación de obras y publicación del anuario garantizan el cumplimiento de los objetivos del Depósito Legal mencionados en el Artículo 14 de este documento.

Para la labor bibliotecaria y los proyectos digitales es fundamental conocer y tener acceso a los datos sobre la producción bibliográfica nacional, recolectar, organizar y analizar estos datos disponibles para investigaciones, la toma de decisiones sobre adquisición de materiales u otros aspectos relacionados con las actividades en las distintas tipologías bibliotecarias.

Consideramos que la legislación debe promover la circulación de estos contenidos por medio de las entidades que para ello estén dispuestas y no vemos beneficioso que ésta actividad recaiga en una única institución. Esto podría generar sobre cargas laborales y limitaciones en los cumplimientos del propósito de esta normativa.

Haley, C., Orlik, J., Czibor, E., Cuello, H., Firpo, T., Goettsch, M., Stouffs, L., Smith, L. (2020 April 09). There will be no 'back to normal'. Nesta. nesta.org.uk/blog/there-will-be-no-back-normal/