This statement belies the power of orality and the size of built communities without literacy. It's more a question of understanding how it was done and how communities either trusted (or didn't) those who memorized the materials.

Another factor is how long one needed to remember various facts, especially if for commerce and over what spaces?

Were there stratifications of society based on the power of memory here? Compare the anthropology and archaeology with the studies by Lynne Kelly.

for - paradoxes - first one - pronouncement - the written word - evocative - but also hegemonic - especially the English language - there are other oral traditions - try to open nondual embodied cognition using English - Post Capitalist Philanthropy Webinar 1 - Alnoor Ladna - Lynn Murphy - 2023

I can't help but wonder how this is currently working in the deep South with respect to political identity (far right, Trump, MAGA) and religious identity (born again, ultra-nationalist Christians, etc.)

Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:00][^1^][1] - [00:31:36][^2^][2]:

Cette vidéo présente une session académique sur le grand oral du baccalauréat français, avec des conseils et des témoignages d'étudiants et de formateurs. Les intervenants discutent de la préparation, de la gestion du stress, de la posture, de l'interaction avec le jury et de la présentation du support visuel.

Points forts: + [00:00:09][^3^][3] Introduction et présentation des intervenants * Raphaëlle Boss de Renois, enseignante et formatrice, introduit la session * Claire Rain, enseignante en lettres, spécialisée dans la posture et la voix + [00:01:01][^4^][4] Témoignages d'étudiants sur le grand oral * Des étudiants partagent leur expérience et leurs stratégies de préparation * Conseils sur la gestion du stress et l'importance de ne pas apprendre par cœur + [00:02:18][^5^][5] Cadre réglementaire du grand oral * Explication des dates, des coefficients et de la structure de l'épreuve * Importance de la question posée et de l'argumentation + [00:04:49][^6^][6] Conseils sur la posture et la voix * Importance de la stabilité, de la respiration et de l'articulation * Utilisation des mains pour animer le discours + [00:07:56][^7^][7] Déroulement de l'épreuve * Processus de sélection de la question par le jury et de la préparation * Utilisation de supports visuels et interaction avec le jury + [00:14:12][^8^][8] Gestion du stress et techniques de mémorisation * Astuces pour gérer le stress et renforcer la confiance en soi * Techniques de répétition et d'interaction pour mémoriser le contenu

Find research that backs this up.

(e.g., Fuchs et al., 2001, Kim et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2011, National Institute of Child Health, 2000, Ridel, 2007, Roehrig et al., 2008) - studies that have shown correlations between oral reading fluency and reading comprehension.

While Kaiser's definition of literature presumes letters and writing, his use of it doesn't narrow it down to require literacy, it speaks only of observations and language.

Similarly his use of "records" doesn't need to only to require writing.

As such, the description here of recording information, while applicable to literate cultures, leaves plenty of room for oral cultures who use similar systems to do the same thing.

Songlines and related mnemonics are certainly means of indexing information.

[[Mark Lawrence Schrad]] in Why the World of Typewriter Collectors Splits Down the Middle When These Machines Come Up for Sale<br /> at 2024-03-16 12:00 PM <br /> (accessed:: 2024-03-19 10:23:08)

...

• for: sleep apnea - treatment - dental devices

• treatment: sleep apnea

  • dental devices
  • for moderate sleep apnea
    • mandibular advancement splint
    • tongue retaining device

• for:holistic medicine - example - oral microbiome and colon cancer, oral microbiome - colon cancer, bleeding gums - colon cancer, gingivitus - colon cancer, periodontitis - colon cancer, bloodstream translocation, complexity - example - human body - colon cancer - oral microbiome

• comment

  • colon cancer starts in the mouth!

• references

  • Oral-Intestinal Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Inflammation and Immunosuppression (2022)

    • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8824753/
    • Abstract
      • It is widely recognized that microbial disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of many malignant tumors.
      • The oral and intestinal tract are two of the overriding microbial habitats in the human body. Although they are anatomically and physiologically continuous, belonging to the openings at both ends of the digestive tract, the oral and intestinal microbiome do not cross talk with each other due to a variety of reasons, including
        • intestinal microbial colonization resistance and
        • chemical barriers in the upper digestive tract.
      • However, this balance can be upset in certain circumstances, such as
        • disruption of colonization resistance of gut microbes,
        • intestinal inflammation, and
        • disruption of the digestive tract chemical barrier.
      • Evidence is now accruing to suggest that the oral microbiome can colonize the gut, leading to dysregulation of the gut microbes.
      • Furthermore, the oral-gut microbes create an
        • intestinal inflammatory and
        • immunosuppressive microenvironment
      • conducive to
        • tumorigenesis and
        • progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).
      • Here, we review
        • the oral to intestinal microbial transmission and
        • the inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment, induced by oral-gut axis microbes in the gut.
      • A superior comprehension of the contribution of the oral-intestinal microbes to CRC provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of CRC in the future.

  • Insights into oral microbiome and colorectal cancer – on the way of searching new perspectives (2023)

    • https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1159822/full
    • Abstract
      • Microbiome is a keystone polymicrobial community that coexist with human body in a beneficial relationship.
      • These microorganisms enable the human body to maintain homeostasis and take part in mechanisms of defense against infection and in the absorption of nutrients.
      • Even though microbiome is involved in physiologic processes that are beneficial to host health, it may also cause serious detrimental issues.
      • Additionally, it has been proven that bacteria can migrate to other human body compartments and colonize them even although significant structural differences with the area of origin exist.
      • Such migrations have been clearly observed when the causes of genesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been investigated.
      • It has been demonstrated that the oral microbiome is capable of penetrating into the large intestine and cause impairments leading to dysbiosis and stimulation of cancerogenic processes.
      • The main actors of such events seem to be oral pathogenic bacteria belonging to the red and orange complex (regarding classification of bacteria in the context of periodontal diseases), such as
        • Porphyromonas gingivalis and
        • Fusobacterium nucleatum respectively,
      • which are characterized by significant amount of cancerogenic virulence factors.
      • Further examination of oral microbiome and its impact on CRC may be crucial on early detection of this disease and would allow its use as a precise non-invasive biomarker.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WcIK_8f7oQ

Hamacher, Duane, Patrick Nunn, Michelle Gantevoort, Rebe Taylor, Greg Lehman, Ka Hei Andrew Law, and Mel Miles. “The Archaeology of Orality: Dating Tasmanian Aboriginal Oral Traditions to the Late Pleistocene.” Journal of Archaeological Science, August 10, 2023, 45pp.

Pre-print.

See also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440323000997

Annotation url: urn:x-pdf:d4ccd0952073ac59932f4638381e6b69

Popular press coverage: https://www.unimelb.edu.au/newsroom/news/2023/august/tasmanian-aboriginal-oral-traditions-among-the-oldest-recorded-narratives

The scientific validation of oral traditions aids in creating a third archive which fuses the value of Indigenous knowledges and Western ways of knowing.

https://theconversation.com/beatrix-potters-famous-tales-are-rooted-in-stories-told-by-enslaved-africans-but-she-was-very-quiet-about-their-origins-202274

Progresivamente el niños amará la lectura, su propio mundo y permitirá profundizar e indagar sobre lo que se le ha dicho y lo que hacer parte de su propio mundo. Quizás esa profundización y descubrimiento de su propio mundo se da cuando se empieza a desarrollar su lengua oral y la pronunciación de las primeras palabras. El lenguaje siempre ha estado ahi, simplemente hacer parte de un proceso de descubrimiento, reconocimiento y autoidentificación

La lectura está en el centro del movimiento del pensamiento tanto en los bebés como en los adultos. La lectura siempre ofrece pen- samientos nuevos. Podemos pasar nuestra vida intentando comprender qué ocurre dentro de nosotros mismos y siempre ten- dremos la posibilidad de leer las cosas de otra manera. La lectura del propio libro psíquico introduce siempre la duda, un tal vez permanente (p.8)

Importancia del cuento en la lengua oral. Además los cuentos permiten el desarrollo de la puesta en escena, del teatro, en donde le permite cuestionarse sobre qué es, además permite que cree en su mundo psiquico ciertas representaciones.

El lenguaje ya está en el niño incluso antes de pronunciar la lengua oralmente. Porque ya conoce las representación y quizás algunas de las significaciones de un objeto específico..

Capítulos 1 y 2

https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Creating_Oral_Histories

https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/2488/zettel-feedback-podcast-with-children?

To extend, it could be an interesting exercise to have the kids call up grandmother and grandfather to interview them with questions about when they were growing up, about their parents, and their grandparents. Then you're also getting some of the family oral history together not only for yourself, but for your children as well as future generations.

I have a nascent card very much like yours, but not as well fleshed out yet.

https://catalog.altadenalibrary.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=162348&query_desc=

This is interesting for itself.

(reference: Sicker in the Head)

It's also interesting because it's an example of regular rehearsal that actors, comedians, storytellers, performers and even salespeople often do to slowly hone and improve their performance or pitch. Each retelling and the response it gives provides subtle hints and clues as to how to improve the story or performance on the next go round, or at least until the thing is both perfected and comes out the same way every time.

Might need to talk to customers or other staff

The studies quoted here are in the mid 80s and early 90s before the rise of better and easier UI methods or more powerful search. I'd have to call this conclusion into question.

There's also a big difference in what people know, what people prefer, and what knowledgeable people can do most quickly.

Cross reference this with Dan Russell's research at Google that indicates that very few people know how to use ctrl-f to find or search for things in documents. - https://hyp.is/7a532uxjEeyYfTOctQHvTw/www.youtube.com/channel/UCh6KFtW4a4Ozr81GI1cxaBQ

Relate it to the idea of associative (memory) trails (Memex), songlines, and method of loci in remembering where things are -- our brains are designed to navigate using memory

phy. In that sense, the reproduction of these three slips ironically resonates, if on a different scale, with the world tour of the mask of Tutankhamen. It refers, if not to the magic silence of a relic, at least to the ghostly parergonal quality of what French language calls a reliquat.

Hollier argues that Barthes' reproduced cards are not only completely divorced from their original context and use, but that they are reproduced for the sheen of reality and artistic fashion they convey to the reader. So much thought, value, and culture is lost in the worship of these items in this setting compared to their original context.

This is closely linked to the same sort of context collapse highlighted by the photo of Chief William Berens seated beside the living stones of his elders in Tim Ingold's Why Anthropology Matters. There we only appreciate the sense of antiquity, curiosity, and exoticness of an elder of a culture that is not ours. These rocks, by very direct analogy, are the index cards of the zettelkasten of an oral culture.

Chief William Berens seated beside the living stones of his elders; a picture taken by A. Irving Hallowell in 1930, between Grand Rapids and Pikangikum, Ontario, Canada. (American Philosophical Society)

The Aboriginal flag was developed in 1971 by Luritja artist Harold Thomas. Centering its importance to Aboriginal Australians, the sun appears in the middle of the flag.

It's subtle here, as in other instances, but notice that Hamacher gives the citation to the Indigenous artist that developed the flag and simultaneously underlines the source of visual information that is associated with the flag and the sun. It's not just the knowledge of the two things which are associated to each other, but they're also both associated with a person who is that source of knowledge.

Is this three-way association common in all Indigenous cultures? While names may be tricky for some, the visual image of a particular person's face, body, and presence is usually very memorable and thereby easy to attach to various forms of knowledge.

Does the person/source of knowledge form or act like an 'oral folder' for Indigenous knowledge?

Lo narrativo sigue teniendo valor como textos tradicionales, sin embargo cambia la lógica narrativa que rompe con lo líneal.

Bansal, B. (2021). Rapid COVID-19 Test: Investigating the Willingness to Take a Rapid Test Based on Multiple Factors. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j3t76

The sentiment that it is impossible to think without writing is patently wrong. While it's an excellent tool, it takes an overly textual perspective and completely ignores the value of orality an memory in prehistory.

Modern culture has lost so many of our valuable cultural resources that we have completely forgotten that they even existed.

Oral cultures certainly had networked thought, Luhmann and others simply can't imagine how it may have worked. We're also blinded by the imagined size of societies in pre-agricultural contexts. The size and scope of cities and city networks makes the history of writing have an outsized appearance.

Further, we don't have solid records of these older netowrks, a major drawback of oral cultures which aren't properly maintained, but this doesn't mean that they didn not exist.

Mason, R. S., Fitton, L., James, R. L., & Petscher, Y. (2020, October 23). Oral Language Assessment LITeracy: Choosing the Right Assessment in the Time of COVID. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fn9j4

While this is impressive, it doesn't mean ten times the effect given that the active metabolite is being limited by the piperine. It does, however, suggest that oral bioavailability of THC can potentially be on par with or superior to pulmonary administration.

How does this track with the growth of Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes in the late 1800's and early 1900's?

Adams, J. U. (n.d.). The Dentist Will See You Now: But Will You See the Dentist? Scientific American. Retrieved July 4, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-dentist-will-see-you-now-but-will-you-see-the-dentist/

Begins with parallel structure a rhetorical device used throughout. With students I'd ask them to identify other examples in letter. Discuss parallelism in sermon construction and its emotionally evocative power and its use by Baldwin, King, and Obama. Connect to musicality and memory--important cultural literary structures when literature is spoken rather than read. Can connect to Akhmatova social/political context. Note the intimacy of POV. There's a duality in the expository form--it's addressed to one but published to many. Why is this an effective voice for the persona? How would you describe the persona?

Testing the functionality of this web tool.

The work of preserving elderly knowledge in indigenous communities has been undertaken in real life in Siberia, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The details of the work involve a recounting of the Soviet experiences, as well as a monitoring of the adjustment success for the studied indigenous community in the post-Soviet era. The fascinating details of this study can be found below:

Susan A. Crate. “Elder Knowledge and Sustainable Livelihoods in Post-Soviet Russia: Finding Dialogue across the Generations.” Arctic Anthropology 43, no. 1 (2006): 40-51. https://muse.jhu.edu/ (accessed March 26, 2017).

Spoken vs written word. They have different applications. Repetition is condemned in written speeches but not in oral.