Not far from the Ibgal temple of Inanna where the dedicatory tabletwas found, archaeologists excavated the earliest known breweryanywhere in Mesopotamia (a tablet found there even mentioned thebrewer).
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The Sumerian term for king, “lugal,” literally meant “big man.”
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Podany, Amanda H. 2013. The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Near-East-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195377990/ (January 1, 2026).
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anildash.com anildash.com
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[[Anil Dash c]] on the history of markdown, since 2002 (John Gruber and involvement of Aaron Swartz). Some remarks on its role in llms / ai use
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yalebooks.yale.edu yalebooks.yale.edu
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[[Too Much To Know by Ann Blair]] 2010, available through Kobo Plus, or 20e for the ebook. "Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age"
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www.jstor.org www.jstor.org
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Ann Blair on info overload 16/17th c. (2003)
Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload ca. 1550-1700 in Zotero since 2022
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www.tandfonline.com www.tandfonline.com
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Ann Blair 2010
Added The Rise of Note‐Taking in Early Modern Europe in Zotero
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- Jan 2026
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www.wired.com www.wired.com
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Did Gates Really Say 640K is Enough For Anyone?<br /> by [[Jon Katz]] in WIRED<br /> accessed on 2026-01-05T16:22:13
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- Dec 2025
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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reply to u/rawbran30 at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1py74mf/internet_hype_trendeffect_and_brand_popularity/
Olympias were imported into the US from the 50s into the 70s and were manufactured at peak typewriter engineering and manufacturing methods before machines slowly got cheaper and cheaper in terms of materials and craftsmanship through the 60s and into the early 80s before typewriters were subsumed by the word processor market.
Compared to Smith-Coronas and Remingtons of the 50s and early 60s (their peaks), Olympias are slightly better manufactured in terms of fit and finish. They're also slightly more modern looking in terms of body shapes and colors compared to other machines, which also helps to drive up price amongst collectors.
Now is an Olympia SM3 or SM9 really so much better than a Smith-Corona Silent Super that they should enjoy an almost 2x jump in price for an unserviced model? Potentially not, but if this is your issue, then buy something from a professional shop that's been cleaned, oiled, and adjusted and a lot of the price differential evaporates.
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www.nationalgeographic.com www.nationalgeographic.com
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As the men tore down a wall that had been built using the detritus of nearby ancient Egyptian sites, they discovered a large stone fragment covered in three types of writing, including ancient Greek.
<center> History of discovery of Rosetta Stone
</center>(...on July 15, 1799, during Napoleon Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign, a French soldier Pierre Bouchard discovered a black basalt slab inscribed with ancient writing near the town of Rosetta, about 35 miles east of Alexandria. The irregularly shaped stone contained fragments of passages written in three different scripts: Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphics and Egyptian demotic. The ancient Greek on the Rosetta Stone told archaeologists that it was inscribed by priests honoring the king of Egypt, Ptolemy V, in the second century B.C. More startlingly, the Greek passage announced that the three scripts were all of identical meaning. The artifact thus held the key to solving the riddle of hieroglyphics, a written language that had been “dead” for nearly 2,000 years.) For rest of the article click Rosetta Stone Found
Why is Rosetta Stone important? Click Importance of Rosetta Stone
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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he's he's kind of calling the bluff on the progress narrative
for - history - progress - Francis Fukuyama - liberalism won - calling the bluff
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those have to deliver. They they can kind of get away with not delivering uh on their promises intergenerationally
for - history - progress - secular golden age promise - can procastinate by pushing it forward to the next generation
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what's clever about the more religious progress narratives is that the golden age happens after you die
for - history - progress - religious golden age - is post death
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even in the Old Testament, God has to keep promising land. He has to, you know, there has to always be this new kind of thing. Uh and it's it's never enough
for - history - progress - promised land - contemporary mythical promises - nothing new
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these kind of secular ideas and trying to to uh reinvest them with uh religious and mythic ideas. Uh, >> and so there is, you know, a little bit of a reverse kind of enlightenment happening.
for - history - contemporary society - reverse enightenment
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we are now back in this sort of age of religiosity, particularly with the Trump administration, him claiming that he has essentially been anointed anointed by God in order to do whatever he wants.
for - history - Trump - back into age of religosity. He claims, like former kings, he was anointed by god!
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it's not so much about we have to you know expand the scope of the church or you know civilize people who don't have Jesus Christ and becomes more about we have to uh expand the market and we have to uh you know increase the the you know national revenue and the acreage that's under cultivation
for - history - progress - after Enlightenment - no long about converting savages to Christians - became about expanding markets
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the the big break that you see between uh secularism and religiosity even outside of progress narratives is European enlightenment
for - history - progress - European Enlightenment - broke secular off from religious progress very abruptly
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difference between secular faith in progress and this kind of more religious or mythical faith in progress is a running theme through the book
for - history - progress - secular vs religious
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we first start seeing uh kind of more uh closer something closer to monotheism with Zoroastrianism in Persia
for - history - progress - monotheism appears - Zoroastrianism in Persia (2nd millenia BCE)
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polytheism I think is is uh you know expansive and and is part of the the Greek state expansion as well. Uh it's part of the Roman expansionism
for - history - progress - expansionism and gods - went hand-in-hand
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rulers who claim to be champions of Marduk and and kind of justify their position at the top of this hierarchy by being you about the the representatives of the supreme god
for - history - progress - political and religious partnership narrative - top leader claimed to represent top god
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Greco Roman is is you know the Jupiter and and Zeus
for - history - progress - polytheistic gods - Roman and Greek - Jupiter & Zeus
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pinpointing this kind of break with these polytheistic uh religions that emerge in Mesopotamia. Um Marduk is is the kind of the supreme god.
for - history - progress - animism - gave way to polytheism in Mesopotamia - Marduk god
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hat the book is is kind of trying to do is trace that lineage from that initial uh you know the the very first kind of literary endeavors um through uh you know uh Judaism and and through the classical Greek uh thinkers
for - book - tracing history of progress / Growthist political economy narrative from Vikings to Mesopotamia to Judaism to Greeks to Islam to Enlightenment to US
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finding that narrative just kind of reiterating over and over again through different cultures uh through along I mean you know thousands of years.
for - history - progress narrative - repeats over and over
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rogress: A History of Humankind's Worst Idea
for - progress trap - book - to - book - Progress: A History of Humankind's Worst Idea - https://hyp.is/cMyt5tjMEfCGz9-Edzp-hA/harpercollins.co.uk/products/progress-a-history-of-humanitys-worst-idea-samuel-miller-mcdonald - author Samuel Miller McDonald
SRG comment - interview - book on Progress - see other references: - to - book - A Short History of Progress (2004) - https://hyp.is/93k5CtjLEfC1UpPEi59BHA/archive.org/details/shorthistoryofpr0000wrig - to - movie - Surviving Progress (2011) - https://hyp.is/sRPYJtjLEfCwuDdwG2xNnw/www.nfb.ca/film/surviving-progress/ - SRG article - Cogress
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- history - contemporary society - reverse enightenment
- history - progress - secular vs religious
- history - progress - Francis Fukuyama - liberalism won - calling the bluff
- progress trap - book
- history - progress - expansionism and gods - went hand-in-hand
- history - progress - after Enlightenment - no long about converting savages to Christians - became about expanding markets
- history - progress narrative - repeats over and over
- history - progress - religious golden age - is post death
- history - progress - political and religious partnership narrative - top leader claimed to represent top god
- to - book - Progress: A History of Humankind's Worst Idea
- history - progress - promised land - contemporary mythical promises - nothing new
- history - progress - secular golden age promise - can procastinate by pushing it forward to the next generation
- book - tracing history of progress / Growthist political economy narrative from Vikings to Mesopotamia to Judaism to Greeks to Islam to Enlightenment to US
- history - progress - animism - gave way to polytheism in Mesopotamia - Marduk god
- history - progress - monotheism appears - Zoroastrianism in Persia (2nd millenia BCE)
- SRG comment - interview - book on Progress
- book - Progress: A History of Humankind's Worst Idea
- history - progress - polytheistic gods - Roman and Greek - Jupiter & Zeus
- history - progress - European Enlightenment - broke secular off from religious progress very abruptly
- history - Trump - back into age of religosity. He claims, like former kings, he was anointed by god!
- author Samuel Miller McDonald
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archive.org archive.org
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for - book - A Short History of Progress (2004) - author - Ronald Wright - progress trap - Ronald Wright - A Short History of Progress (2004) - to - movie - Surviving Progress (2011) - https://hyp.is/sRPYJtjLEfCwuDdwG2xNnw/www.nfb.ca/film/surviving-progress/ - to - book - Progress: A History of Humanity's Worst Idea - from - youtube - Planet Critical interview - Samuel Miller MacDonald - The Myth of Progress - https://hyp.is/r-hmFtjKEfCd8odATbINbA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEhmWEDkZUQ
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- from - youtube - Planet Critical interview - Samuel Miller MacDonald - The Myth of Progress
- progress trap - Ronald Wright - A Short History of Progress (2004)
- to - movie - Surviving Progress
- Ronald Wright
- to - book - Progress: A History of Humanity's Worst Idea
- book - A Short History of Progress (2004)
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www.nfb.ca www.nfb.ca
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for - progress traps - movie - Surviving Progress (2011) - from - book - A Short History of Progress (2004) - https://hyp.is/93k5CtjLEfC1UpPEi59BHA/archive.org/details/shorthistoryofpr0000wrig - from - youtube - Planet Critical interview - Samuel Miller MacDonald - The Myth of Progress - https://hyp.is/r-hmFtjKEfCd8odATbINbA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEhmWEDkZUQ
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harpercollins.co.uk harpercollins.co.uk
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for - book - Progress: A History of Humanity's Worst Idea - author - Samuel Miller McDonald - from - youtube - interview - Planet Critical - Samuel Miller McDonald
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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In 1979 and 1980, two political leaders came into power who would turn this economic revolution into a political one. Margaret Thatcher in [music] the UK and Ronald Reagan in the US.
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - 2 political allies - Thatcher (1979) and Reagan (1980) came to power - cast taxes, social programs and regulation as the bogeyman
- SRG comment - Reagan and Thatcher policies - advocating for inequality - against the sacred
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David Harvey calls this [music] accumulation
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - David Harvey - accumulation by dispossession. Defaulted countries signing with IMF: - increased poverty - exploded inequality - collapsed public service - gave up economic sovereignty to global financial institutions - continuation of colonialist practice of extractionism and appropriation
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conditions were called structural adjustment programs and they forced countries to adopt a very specific set of economic policies mainly the privatization [music] of public assets
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - IMF Structural adjustment program - privatize public assets, - cut spending of welfare, - austerity across the board - deregulation, - open domestic markets to foreign corporations, - remove protection of local businesses and workers - IMF - a deal with the devil
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they had to turn somewhere for help. And that somewhere was the International Monetary
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - defaulted countries turn to IMF
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subsaharan African countries and parts of Asia were also plunged into crisis
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - second casualties - Sub-Saharan African & Asian countries defaulted
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the Latin American debt crisis
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - first casualties - Latin American debt crisis - Mexico, Brazil, Argentina defaulted on loans
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Most global finance is denominated in dollars. US interest rates effectively set global interest rates. So when Fuler pushed rates towards 20%, developing countries who had borrowed dollars just a few years earlier saw their interest payments on those loans explode.
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - developing countries loans became unpayable overnight
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Paul Fulker was appointed chairman of the Federal Reserve, essentially the head of the United States Central Bank. in 1979 and his appointment signaled a dramatic shift in US economic governance
for - economic history - 1979 - Paul. A. Volcker appointed chairman of Federal Reserve - Volcker Shock - shift - from employment to inflation - raised interest rates to an astounding 20%, intentionally causing a recession
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monitoism offered Fulkar the intellectual and political cover he needed for this shift in monetary policy. Away from the Keynesian commitment to full employment and [music] economic stability and towards protecting the value of capital which had been eroded by years of high inflation.
for - economic history - Volcker Shock - used Milton Friedman's theory to provide cover to stop Keynesian commitment to full employment and instead protect capital from inflation. - Volcker raised interest rates to 20%,, causing massive plant shutdowns and unemployment to surge above 10%. - The recession closed shops, and labor lost its bargaining power when plants are shut down.
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Milton [music] Freriedman, the economist most associated with neoliberalism, whose work was heavily financed by business elites. It was his theory, monitoism, which framed inflation as the ultimate economic threat
for - economic history - Milton Friedman - represented business elites - Monetarism - inflation seen as ultimate threat to elites
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The business round table was established in 1972
for - economic history - 1972 - Business Round Table established
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from 60,000 businesses in 1972 to over a quarter million just 10 years later
for stats - economic history - corporate power - 10 years - American Chamber of Commerce - from 60,000 to 250,000 members
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Powell memo. It was written by Lewis Powell,
for - economic history - powell memo - Lewis Powell - inequality - corporate lawyer who became supreme court judge - memo that started a long term political campaign to exploit the elite crisis for corporations to take control of universities, media, law and public opinion FOR THE ELITES
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- SRG comment - Reagan and Thatcher policies - advocating for inequality - against the sacred
- economic history - 1979 - Paul. A. Volcker appointed chairman of Federal Reserve - Volcker Shock
- economic history - Milton Friedman - represented business elites - Monetarism - inflation seen as ultimate threat to elites
- economic history - Volcker Shock - IMF Sructural adjustment program - privatize public assets
- stats - economic history - corporate power - American Chamber of Commerce
- economic history - powell memo - Lewis Powell - inequality
- IMF - a deal with the devil
- economic history - Volcker Shock - defaulted countries turn to IMF
- economic history - Volcker Shock - David Harvey - accumulation by dispossession
- economic history - Volcker Shock - second casualties - Sub-Saharan African & Asian countries defaulted
- economic history - Volcker Shock - 2 political allies - Thatcher (1979) and Reagan (1980)
- economic history - Volcker Shock -
- economic history - Volcker Shock - first casualties - Latin American debt crisis
- economic history - 1972 - Business Round Table established
- economic history - Volcker Shock
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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I was faced in 1958 when I started graduate study at University College London with that extraordinary fact. Nobody knew how it could be that a muscle could excite itself to be rhythmic.
for - history - Denis Noble - 1958 - question - heartbeat of embryo - how? no nervous system yet.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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book Goliath's Curse, the history and future of societal collapse
for - to - book - Goliath's Curse: the History and Future of Societal Collapse - Luke Kemp
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life comes in and not very much happens until life decides to excrete oxygen into the atmosphere when you get a whole raft of hydroxides and hydrox oxides and hydroxides coming in
for - geology - history - minerals - when life starts excreting oxygen - many new minerals - planetary boundary novel entities boundary
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historically if you look at a history textbook, it's essentially a role called mass murderers.
for - explanation - why leaders are often psychopaths - history book is full of mass murderers
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the climate of history
for - social sciences paper - The Climate of History - 2009 - species wide perspective of writing history
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- social sciences paper - The Climate of History - 2009
- explanation - why leaders are often psychopaths - history book is full of mass murderers
- geology - history - minerals - when life starts excreting oxygen - many new minerals
- geology - history - minerals - when life starts excreting oxygen - many new minerals - planetary boundary novel entities boundary
- to - book - Goliath's Curse: the History and Future of Societal Collapse - Luke Kemp
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d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net
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Thales (600BC) is thegodfather of the Western philosopher by propoundingthe existence of plurality of worlds, from then onwards,many theoretical approaches have arisen and sunkenaccording to the signs of times.
Thales did not propound the plurality of worlds. This is historically inaccurate. Pluralistic cosmology (multiple worlds from the indefinite apeiron) is suggested to be sourced from Anaximander - though, this is a very loose historical interpretation of his works.
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To cite an example, the Australian aboriginesexplain with legends that their origin is extraterrestrial.They say that their cave paintings known as"wandjinas" are actually self-portraits made by thesewandjinas, gods or spirits associated with clouds andrain (inhabitants of sky, therefore). In the WesternAustralia region of Kimberley these rock art works areabundant, which have usually been dated to some 4000years old. But aboriginal tradition tells that it was thegods themselves who painted themselves in rockyshelters and who commissioned human artists (see Fig.2) to regularly repaint these manifestations of divinity
Aborigines mention cave paintings are self-portraits made by gods from the sky. The creation gods who came from the sky (or the sea in some accounts) in the Dreamtime were the Wandjina. It's difficult to necessarily associate them as extraterrestrial since they are also posited to have originated with clouds, rain, fertility, and the creation of the land and its people. This needs more references to validate the claim.
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Obviating without detracting the Greekclassics, we will quote as an example ChristiaanHuygens, astronomer, physicist, mathematician andDutch inventor. Among other achievements, heexplained the true nature of Saturn's rings anddiscovered Titan, Saturn's largest moon. In the field ofAstrobiology, in 1698 he wrote "Cosmotheoros",affirming "what a marvellous and splendid picture ofthe magnificent vastness of the universe we haveachieved! Such amount of suns, such amount of earths,each and every one of them provided with plants, treesand animals, and adorned with seas and mountains!And how much increases our admiration andamazement if we stop to analyse the prodigiousdistance and the multitude of stars!""Cosmotheoros" (the observer of the stars), isthe first treaty that conjectures extraterrestrial life froma scientific point of view based on the theories of otherthinkers like Nicholas of Cusa, Giordano Bruno,Kepler, Tycho Brahe or Descartes.In "Cosmotheoros", Huygens describes morethan twenty possible forms of extraterrestrial life [6]
Early theories of astrobiology include Christian Huygens speculating on forms of extraterrestrial life in Cosmotheros (Latin for "Beholder of the Cosmos") (1698). This may be the first scientific speculation about astrobiology. This is difficult to state outright since authors were fantasizing about life on planets - see Lucian of Samosata's 2nd century work "A True Story" and Voltaire's 1752 novella "Le Micromégas" about beings from Sirius.
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Its relation to their celestial origin is alsoevident in the Maasai culture. In 2005 the Maasai ofSynia, Tanzania, explained to Rafael Balaguer Rosatheir legends, star lore and their astronomicalknowledge, very basic, but that also related their originwith the sky, with space, in charge of their unique godNgai.Ngai travels from heaven to Earth descendingthe Milky Way. They call the Milky Way “nkurrei”,which means “way” too, great example of culturalconvergence; and to the Magellanic Clouds
The mention of the Maasai culture in Tanzania believing their god Ngai descended from the Milky Way seems speculative and not well referenced. Other sources just note Ngai descended from the sky. One of the authors is referenced - Rafael Balaguer Rosa, Tras los Pasos de Ngai, AstronomíA, 73-74 (2005), July-August 26-35
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- Nov 2025
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Dario Amade was the C CEO of Anthropic a big AI company. He worked on safety at OpenAI and he left to start Anthropic because he said, "We're not doing this safely enough. I have to start another company that's all about safety
for - history - AI - Anthropic - safety first
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oztypewriter.blogspot.com oztypewriter.blogspot.com
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Collaborating with the Nazis: The Black Mark on Remington’s Typewriter History<br /> by [[Robert Messenger]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-26T10:13:43
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webstatics.ii.inc webstatics.ii.inc
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Fn Eraise of qcribes
for - book - In Praise of Scribes - Author Johannes Trithemius - history - progress - technology - printing press
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odp.library.tamu.edu odp.library.tamu.edu
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“Childe Roland to the Dark Tower came.”
Clearly, the poem’s closing declaration has reverberated far beyond Victorian poetry. T. S. Eliot draws on its ruinous landscape in "The Waste Land", while Stephen King’s Dark Tower series recasts Roland’s quest as the foundation of his expansive fantasy epic. Its influence continues across speculative fiction: Alan Garner’s Elidor reimagines Roland as a modern quester, Roger Zelazny alludes to Browning in Sign of the Unicorn, Philip José Farmer quotes the poem in The Dark Design, John Connolly features it in The Book of Lost Things, and Alastair Reynolds names a doomed explorer Roland Childe in Diamond Dogs. These afterlives reveal the poem’s flexibility, as each era reshapes the Tower according to its own anxieties. Readers encountering the Tower today therein participate in a long tradition of reinterpretation, proving that Browning’s ambiguous ending is part of what gives the poem lasting cultural life.
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Dauntless the slug-horn to my lips I set
Critics have long debated the meaning of Roland’s final gesture, which many read as a transformation of the quest’s traditional moment of triumph. Brandon Moen compares Roland’s horn-blast to The Road, where the father and son’s survival takes the place of moral salvation. Ronald Primeau compares the poem to “Man Against the Sky” calling the moment “triumphant futility” (Primeau 223). Roland gains neither glory nor salvation, yet he refuses despair. Together, these readings suggest that Browning reshapes the romance ending into a model of existential commitment that resonates across literary periods, making Roland a prototype for later heroes who persist without hope.
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A great black bird, Apollyon’s bosom-friend, 160 Sailed past
The name “Apollyon” from Revelation 9:11 signals a theological crisis. By referencing a demonic presence from both scripture and Paradise Lost, where Milton casts Apollyon among the forces of Hell, Browning frames Roland’s journey as a passage through a world abandoned by providence. As Christopher MacKenna argues, the poem reflects a nineteenth-century “crisis of faith… [and] of knowing/meaning” (MacKenna 475). In a world “without light or redemptive purpose, ” Victorian readers, facing Darwinian science, biblical criticism, and rapid social change, often felt the same disorientation and loss of certainty as Roland (MacKenna 478). Thus, Browning created an image, the Tower, that became a touchstone for future generations confronting existential crises, helping to explain its powerful afterlives in later literature.
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As for the grass, it grew as scant as hair In leprosy; thin dry blades pricked the mud
This 1859 painting by Thomas Moran, inspired directly by Browning’s “Childe Roland,” visualizes the poem’s barren and hostile terrain. Turbulent clouds, jagged rocks, and desolate expanses dramatize the emotional weight of the quest. Additionally, the fiery, ominous sky evokes Romantic and Sublime traditions, but instead of ennobling Roland’s journey, the natural grandeur seems to overwhelm him. Rather than a knight striding toward a glorious destiny, the lone figure of Roland, dwarfed by the vast landscape, gazes toward the distant, looming tower. By pairing the poem with such imagery, anthology audiences can more fully experience the poem’s tension between heroic aspiration and environmental hostility. This artistic reimagining also shows how the Tower’s imagery quickly began to shape visual as well as literary culture. -
So many times among “The Band”—-to wit, The knights who to the Dark Tower’s search addressed
When Roland recalls “the knights who to the Dark Tower’s search addressed,” he gestures toward a centuries-old literary tradition. The name Roland first appears in the eleventh-century La Chanson de Roland, a French chanson de geste celebrating the knight’s heroism at Roncevaux Pass under Charlemagne. In 1595, George Peele revived the name in The Old Wives’ Tale. Then, Robert Jamieson recorded a folk version of the tale and placed it within Arthurian legend, making Roland the son of Arthur and Guinevere. Joseph Jacobs’s English Fairy Tales, pictured below, adopted Jaimeson’s version and introduced the “Dark Tower” as the dwelling of the King of Elfland, where Roland must save his sister. Where earlier Rolands fought or rescued, Browning’s hero merely endures, stripped of glory or divine purpose. With this history in mind, this scene helps capture part of why “Childe Roland” continues to haunt later writers. Its hero perseveres not because he hopes to succeed, but because turning back would mean erasing the meaning of every struggle that came before.

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My first thought was, he lied in every word, That hoary cripple, with malicious eye
Browning opens his poem by overturning one of the oldest conventions of the quest romance in which the wise guide sets the hero on his way. The “hoary cripple” parodies that archetype, and his supposed direction is offered through deceit rather than wisdom. This ironic inversion signals that Roland’s journey, before it even begins, will be fraught with suspicion, fatigue, and self-doubt. Virginia Blain argues this encounter also exposes a deeper Victorian fear of failed masculinity. The cripple’s leer, Roland’s disgust, and the absence of women and redemptive love mirrors what Blain calls Browning’s “homosexual panic,” a symptom of the age’s broader struggle to define masculinity amid social change (Blain). Blain’s reading consequently joins the long critical tradition of reshaping “Childe Roland” to mirror contemporary concerns. In her hands, the poem becomes a reflection of Victorian gender anxiety, just as later critics and artists would recast it to speak to their own cultural and psychological landscapes.
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(See Edgar’s Song in “Lear”)
Browning takes his title from King Lear, where Edgar, disguised as Poor Tom, mutters the phrase in the midst of feigned madness. In Shakespeare, the phrase carries no narrative function and is without clear meaning. However, Browning recontextualizes the fragment and expands it into a fully imagined landscape of interior ruin, retaining the original atmosphere of delirium while reshaping it into an existential quest. By transforming a line without context into a sustained meditation on purpose and persistence, Browning creates an interpretive void that later readers and artists repeatedly fill, fueling the poem’s evolving cultural afterlife within literary and critical discourse.
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www-jstor-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca www-jstor-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca
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If a revamp of the AtlanticCanada Portal is in the cards, two excellent models for what it could become areprovided by the Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE) andActive History websites; tellingly, both of these websites use various social mediato promote the dissemination of history and, as a result, both reveal the potential ofhow the Internet and social media can positively impact our discipline.1
This is a really cool observation about how Canadian historians are using the internet. It shows that they've made successful websites like NiCHE and Active History. These are great examples because they prove that you can use simple tools like social media to share history with the public. It tells us that the history of the internet in Canada isn't just a technical story it's a story about making history a more public and accessible thing.
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cjc.utppublishing.com cjc.utppublishing.com
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Internet scholars are uncovering and connecting histories of early internets across the globe, but the Canadian context remains underexplored.
This is an important piece of information because it states that the history of the internet in Canada is not studied enough by scholars. I already know that most people focus on the American ARPANET, but this tells me there are whole histories, like the one about SAMSON, that historians are only just starting to uncover. As Canadians we need to look for Canadian-specific sources, not just general ones.
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olh.openlibhums.org olh.openlibhums.org
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The coins can be arranged into various layouts such as piles representing, for example, metal types, or streams visualizing the ebb and flow of coins over the centuries.
This concept of visualizing data as "streams visualizing the ebb and flow of coins over the centuries" is highly relevant to my research. I need to show change over time, specifically the sudden drop in coins or shift in material (like the debasement of currency) that occurs during and immediately after the plague years (1347-1351). This idea of "dynamic streams" helps me think past a static map and towards visualizing economic instability and recovery across Europe.
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www.degruyterbrill.com www.degruyterbrill.com
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sources of digital structured data (e.g., spreadsheets, traditional relational databases, content management systems) have seen far less critical enquiry. Structured digital data are often venerated for their capacities to facilitate interoperability, equitable data exchange, democratic forms of engagement with, and widespread reuse of archaeological records, yet their constraints on our knowledge formation processes are arguably profound and deserving of detailed interrogation.
If we only record an event's details in a rigid structured database, we create dark data. This is the subjective human wisdom which is the feelings, fear, or conflicts that are/could be found in a diary. The database intentionally leaves this wisdom behind because it is too ambiguous to fit its focus on measurable facts.
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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Identifiers play a fundamental role in shaping data quality and reusability.
When analyzing archival documents, we must use unique, permanent identifiers for each document. This is an ethical duty because it ensures that future researchers can trace the data's original source and context (who found it, where it's stored), preventing errors and making data reusable.
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www.abc.net.au www.abc.net.au
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Our country's 50,000-year-old encyclopedia<br /> by [[Margaret Burin]], [[Chris Lewis]] in ABC News accessed on 2025-11-11T08:50:57
via A 50,000 year old community PKMS : r/PKMS<br /> by [[WadeDRubicon]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-11T08:50:16
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www.pencilpages.com www.pencilpages.com
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The Pencil Pages<br /> by [[Doug Martin]]<br /> accessed on 2025-11-09T09:27:11
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calcedar.com calcedar.com
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Mongolized<br /> by [[WoodChuck]] for CalCedar accessed on 2025-11-09T09:24:05
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liorpachter.wordpress.com liorpachter.wordpress.com
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Review of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory’s Obituary for Dr. James Watson<br /> by [[Lior Pachter]] on Bits of DNA<br /> accessed on 2025-11-08T22:43:12
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History<br /> by [[American Experience]] on PBS<br /> accessed on 2025-11-08T09:13:39
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- Oct 2025
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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First, he says, in the age of the typewriter—the twentieth century, more or less—there was a mythology that what was typewritten was true, that the machine somehow caused writers to bare their souls. This is a central idea of “The Iron Whim,”
via Darren Herschler-Henry's book
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By 1910, according to the Census Bureau, eighty-one per cent of professional typists were female.
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christmas.musetechnical.com christmas.musetechnical.com
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https://christmas.musetechnical.com/
Catalogs & Wishbooks from Sears, Montgomery Ward, and JC Penny
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typecast.munk.org typecast.munk.org
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Christmas 1959 is when Montgomery Wards gets their own “store brand” of a sort. They start offering the “Royal Heritage”, a model made specifically for MW by Royal. This is the beginning of the famous “blue badge” Royals with the sky-blue case interiors. If you see one of these, it was sold by Montgomery Wards.
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typecast.munk.org typecast.munk.org
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In Search Of: Clarence Leroy “Rocky” Jones<br /> by [[Ted Munk]] on November 12, 2016 <br /> accessed on 2025-10-15T11:15:17
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www.openculture.com www.openculture.com
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Mark Twain Wrote the First Book Ever Written With a Typewriter<br /> by [[Josh Jones]] in Open Culture<br /> accessed on 2025-10-13T23:01:35
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- Sep 2025
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strangebeautiful.com strangebeautiful.com
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In calling the structure of the chromosome fibres a code-script
from where does he draw the idea "code-script"? Is it from the developing information theory of the time? Somewhere else?
There is definitely the idea of a code running in the sense of programming, which was likely not a common conceptualization at the time.
On p. 22 he uses the phrase "law-code" which is likely the closer meaning of code he's using and not the sense of genetic code as understood much later when DNA and the underlying protein coding sequences were unraveled.
Morse code may also be a tangential underlying meaning of his sense of "code" as something unknown but potentially revealable.
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four-dimensional pattern
What a great conceptualization of considering organisms in time and space... something we don't do now as well as we ought to almost 80+ years later
One might presume as a physicist he's taking advantage of Einstein's conceptualization of spacetime, but here within biology.
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THE RELATION BETWEEN CLOCKWORK ANDORGANISM
historical evidence of the scientific shift from Newtonian clockwork physics into an underlying statical mechanical one
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aresluna.org aresluna.org
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The day Return became Enter<br /> by [[Marcin Wichary]] in Aresluna<br /> accessed on 2025-09-12T09:33:12
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themechanicaltype.blogspot.com themechanicaltype.blogspot.com
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www.americanscientist.org www.americanscientist.org
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My own assessment is that the book, which reads like a thoroughly researched legal brief (more than 100 pages are devoted to notes, references and a very detailed index), makes the best possible case for the highly dubious proposition that the ideas of information theory influenced the substance, rather than merely the rhetoric, of research in molecular biology in the 1950s and 1960s.
Information theorist Solomon Golomb, who directly participated in the applications of information theory to early genetics, doesn't feel that it influenced the substance of molecular biology in the 1950s and 1960s though it may have influenced the rhetoric.
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xoverit.blogspot.com xoverit.blogspot.com
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Olympia SM series (part 1, 1948-1964)<br /> by [[x over it]]<br /> accessed on 2025-09-05T17:14:33
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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I did my um my PhD research on list machines in the artificial intelligence lab at MIT
History - Donald Hoffman - PhD on Lisp AI - Marvin Minsky - MIT lab
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- Aug 2025
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shrewdies.com shrewdies.com
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Description
Who invented the lighthouse? Learn the history and evolution of lighthouses and tilting beacons in navigation. See their literary and cultural symbolism.
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thomashunter.name thomashunter.name
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There shouldn't be anything remarkable about this guide but there is... all the one-liners worked exactly as expected. God bless.
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localhost localhost
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The idea of using abstract spaces in a systematic fashion goes backto M. Frechet (1906)1 and is justified by its great success.
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zubairsbookshelf.substack.com zubairsbookshelf.substack.com
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The Seeker's Library<br /> by [[Zubair’s Bookshelf]] <br /> accessed on 2025-08-16T15:10:46
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davistypewriters.blogspot.com davistypewriters.blogspot.com
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Portable Typewriters Today - February 2015<br /> by [[Will Davis]] on 2015-02-10<br /> accessed on 2025-08-05T16:35:48
Tags
- read
- UNIS typewriters
- Carol Wright catalog
- Olivetti Lettera 25
- Rover typewriters
- Shanghai Weilv Mechanism Company
- Olivetti MS25 Premier
- Silver-Seiko typewriters
- Sharper Image
- Chang Kong typewriters
- Rover 5000
- Ashok Matta
- Rover 8000
- Marshall Sewing Machine Industrial
- Generation 3000
- Flying typewriters
- Ideal (Jinan) Machinery Co., Ltd.
- Nakajima
- Generation Marketing Group
- typewriter distribution
- Ningbo Duodashi
- mail order catalogs
- Olympia Carina
- Royal Epoch
- typewriter history
- Dr. Leonard's Health Care catalog
- Olympia Traveller C
- Hammacher Schlemmer
- Olivetti Lettera 35I
- Skymall
- Royal typewriters
- Rover Traveller C
- Marshall MT-99
- Ningbo Duodashi Manufacturing Co.
- Zhangjiagang Feiteng Typewriter Co., Ltd.
Annotators
URL
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www.hsozkult.de www.hsozkult.de
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Noa K. Ha, Rezension zu: Plamper, Jan: We are all Migrants. A History of Multicultural Germany. Cambridge 2023 , ISBN 9781009242264, in: H-Soz-Kult, 24.07.2025, https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-143159.
Noa H. Ka, [Review:] Plamper, Jan: We all Migrants. A History of Multicultural Germany, in: H-Soz-Kult 24.07.2025 URL:https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/reb-143159 23.07.2025
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www.hsozkult.de www.hsozkult.de
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Julia Mutzenbach, Tagungsbericht: Digital in die jüdische Frühe Neuzeit, in: H-Soz-Kult, 24.07.2025, https://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/id/fdkn-156294.
Julia Mutzenbach, [Conference report:] Digital in die jüdische Frühe Neuzeit. Innovative Formen der Vermittlung. Organisiert von Interdisziplinäres Forum Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur in der Frühen Neuzeit und Akademie der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Stuttgart [Hybrid] 14.--16.02.2025, in: H-Soz-Kult, 24.07.2025 https://www.hsozkult.de/conferencereport/id/fdkn-156294 27.07.2025
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- Jul 2025
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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An Orga Privat and its History by [[Will Davis]]
Bing Werke was the manufacturer and Orga was the distributor.
Piece of wood used to replace the rear legs of the typewriter to set it up by whittling.
A cut-rate typewriter without all the bells and whistles.
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Annotators
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www.hsozkult.de www.hsozkult.de
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In der Schlussdiskussion wurde das Tagungsthema als gelungenes Experiment gewürdigt, das mit seiner methodischen Ausrichtung neue Perspektiven eröffnete – auch wenn inhaltliche Forschungsthemen diesmal weniger im Fokus standen.
Sadly they only used a very narrow focus on the digital here. I guess there is a lot more possible with digital approaches in Jewish history than talking about games and digital editions.
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Grundlegende Überlegungen zum Projekt stellten zunächst MARTHA FIEDELAK (Heidelberg) und LARA STUMPF (Heidelberg) an, indem sie die Verarbeitung frühneuzeitlicher Themen in Games vorstellten. Anhand von Games wie „Pentiment“ und „Martin Luther auf der Spur“ analysierten sie die Darstellung jüdischen Lebens in der Frühen Neuzeit. Dabei zeigten sie, dass jüdische Perspektiven oft nur am Rand erscheinen oder stereotypisiert eingebunden sind – selbst in sogenannten Serious Games mit Bildungsanspruch.
Jewish history only peripheral part of history in games.
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Digitale Spiele im Geschichtsunterricht als ein Medium zwischen Historizität, Histotainment, Authentizität und Immersion präsentierte online zugeschaltet MATHIAS HERRMANN (Dresden). Er skizzierte die Entwicklung digitaler Spiele seit den 1970er-Jahren hin zu einem millionenschweren Massenmedium – ein Indiz für das breite öffentliche Interesse an Geschichte. Der Unterhaltungswert steht dabei oft über historischer Genauigkeit, doch gerade darin liegt auch ein didaktisches Potenzial: Historisierende Spiele sind Teil der Geschichtskultur, spiegeln populäre Vergangenheitsvorstellungen und können – kritisch analysiert – sogar als Quellen genutzt werden, um aktuelle Narrative und ideologische Deutungen sichtbar zu machen. Angesichts ihrer gezielten Nutzung durch rechtsideologische Kreise forderte Herrmann eine reflektierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Medium. Richtig eingesetzt, etwa im Unterricht und begleitet durch geeignetes Material, könnten Spiele sowohl Faktenwissen als auch Medienkompetenz fördern – vorausgesetzt, sie werden als ernstzunehmende Bildungsmedien anerkannt.
Well, yes history in games is rarely accurate and this also okay. The main purpose is entertainment. We need a culture that recognizes that a game can still teach some things about history (e.g. how does persecution work). And also show perspectives about history. ALSO: Its not a question if games are educational, people will always use them to passively or actively educate themself about history.
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ANNA NEOVESKY (Erfurt) begann mit einer Einführung in die Digital Humanities und Digital History. Sie präsentierte die Digital Humanities als eine Disziplin an der Schnittstelle von Technologie und Geisteswissenschaften, deren Wurzeln bis in die 1940er-Jahre zurückreichen und die seither fachspezifische Ausprägungen wie die Digital History hervorgebracht hat.
Bit sad, that we still need to do this introductions. Digital Humanities is around for so long, but even if we reference this in introductions its still news for some.
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Zum 25-jährigen Jubiläum richtete das Forum Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur in der Frühen Neuzeit den Blick nach vorn. Ganz im Zeichen innovativer Methoden und digitaler Zugänge zur Vermittlung jüdischer Geschichte stehend,
Can we still speak of Digital Humanties methods as "new" (or even "new" to a certain subfield)? This seems a bit weird in 2025. Digital approaches are around since at least the 60s/70s. This also perpetual state of "novelty" also does not help Digital Humanities, a certain kind of normalising would be more helpful.
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www.hsozkult.de www.hsozkult.de
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Reading Plamper’s book and writing this review in a time of rising right-wing authoritarian politics—in which migration is weaponized to spread fear, prejudice, and hate—offers an inspiring reaffirmation of our shared humanity. The numerous detailed accounts and personal histories he presents serve as powerful testimonies to a lived reality that cannot be erased or ignored. Diverse backgrounds and religions shape daily lives in Germany, adapting and contributing in countless ways. By shifting the focus to those who actively form German society—despite often being labeled as “the other” or simply “migrants”—Plamper challenges exclusionary narratives. His meticulous documentation of migration stories underscores not only the enduring presence of these communities but also their role in shaping Germany’s future.
This is more like it, historical accounts can deliver political messages and show the way not to better political decision making but a better living together.
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Plamper argues that the widely accepted notion of a homogeneous German identity is a myth, historically constructed and politically reinforced.
I guess this might be rooted in Plampers generation, as somebody born much later this identity was nothing but a myth to me -- and I do not know a lot in my generation that would share the idea of a homogeneous identity.
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Local file Local file
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Allen, Roland. The Notebook: A History of Thinking on Paper. United Kingdom: Profile Books, 2023. https://uk.bookshop.org/p/books/the-notebook-rolad-allen/6331084.
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slate.com slate.com
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Keeping Notebooks Could Change Your Life by [[John Dickerson]]
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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www.madeinchicagomuseum.com www.madeinchicagomuseum.com
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Paymaster Corp., est. 1917 by [[Made-in-Chicago Museum]]
Tags
- read
- Arthur G. Rindfleisch
- history
- G. W. Todd & Co.
- Paymaster Corp.
- checkwriters
- union busting
- Fisher Pen Company
- United Steelworkers of America
- Theodore B. Hirschberg, Sr.
- Chicago, IL
- Todd Protectograph Company
- XX
- Checkometer Sales Company
- American Check Writer Company
- Louise Talmage
- George Willis
- check fraud
- Hedman MFG Co.
- Theodore Hirschberg, Jr.
Annotators
URL
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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six-month period between November of 52 and April of 53 where we unlocked first the power of the nucleus because we could fuse hydrogen and the other thing we were able to do was uh figure out the threedimensional structure of nucleic acid in the form of the double helix
for - stats - history - Nov 1952 - hydrogen bomb - -April 1953 - discovery of DNA
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
- Jun 2025
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typecast.munk.org typecast.munk.org
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typecast.munk.org typecast.munk.org
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www.uppercasetypewriter.com www.uppercasetypewriter.com
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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who would have known this that your tracheal epithelial cells if expplanted if if liberated from the rest of the body they will make a self motile little uh construct that among other things knows how to heal neural wounds.
for - quote - no evolutionary history explains form and behavior - Michael Levin
observation - evolution alone is insufficient to explain life - These novel, artificial life forms behave in novel emergent ways, there is no natural selection at play here
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www.telegraph.co.uk www.telegraph.co.uk
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History Books of Note, should read
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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DISCUSSION BOARD
We should be able to respond to someone's DB even if they have the same topic as us.
Jayden Watson
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pages.gseis.ucla.edu pages.gseis.ucla.edu
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Annotators
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The Michelin Guide wasn't born in a restaurant. It was born in a garage. In 1900, the Michelin brothers, Edward and Andre, needed to sell tires in a country with fewer than 3,000 cars. So, they printed a travel booklet free of charge that listed gas stations, hotels, and restaurants.
for - history - Michelin Guide - Michelin tire company - article - New Republic - citation not valid - checked with New Republic. They said that they could not find the article cited by this video
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- May 2025
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4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com 4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com
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matter was as sacred as the spirit and that labor was a salvific and ordering activity. That is what is meant by a value revolution.
for - origin - history - value revolution - After Christians disseminated the idea of the resurrection off the body in Hebrew communes, work was once again seen as divine.
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the hegemonic idea for centuries was that work was unworthy.
for - history - work - as moral slavery
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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From one obsessive, insane history editor to another, thanks for posting the question! ;D
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www.epi.org www.epi.org
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Excess unemployment was tolerated to keep any chance of inflation in check. Raises in the federal minimum wage became smaller and rarer. Labor law failed to keep pace with growing employer hostility toward unions. Tax rates on top incomes were lowered. And anti-worker deregulatory pushes—from the deregulation of the trucking and airline industries to the retreat of anti-trust policy to the dismantling of financial regulations and more—succeeded again and again.
- Taming inflation (a persistent goal of the elites, by [[Thomas Piketty]]) pushed up the pay-gap.
- Attack on Worker's rights & Tax cuts were intensified after the elites & arms lobby managed the [[Kennedy assassination]] coup d'etat.
- Deregulation accelerated after the Nixon's / Kissinger's [[petrodollar]] deal spurred globalism.
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The gap between productivity and a typical worker’s compensation has increased dramatically since 1979
Nice diagram showing the Pay Gap (wages vs productivity) widened circa 1970. Probably petrodollar contributed to that.
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Local file Local file
- Apr 2025
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solixg.net solixg.net
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ideas of territory, population and history
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Local file Local file
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Welsh speakers, too, also read Geoffrey’s work with deep interest,and this Welsh reception is the subject of Owain Wyn Jones’s chapter, whichdemonstrates how his history fits into Welsh historiography.
Interesting perhaps with respect to my work on orality in Welsh tradition.
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Henley, Georgia, and Joshua Byron Smith, eds. A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth. Brill’s Companions to European History 22. Brill, 2020. http://archive.org/details/oapen-20.500.12657-42537.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Peter V. Tytell, a Typewriter Whisperer, Is Dead at 74 by [[Richard Sandomir]]
Tags
- forensic document examination
- history
- Sam Giancana
- obituaries
- typewriters
- Paul Ceglia
- Lawrence X. Cusack III
- Texas Air National Guard
- The Greatful Dead
- Marilyn Monroe
- Steve Miller Band
- George W. Bush
- American Society of Questioned Document Examiners
- Jerry B. Killian
- Mark Zuckerberg
- John F. Kennedy
- typewriter repair people
- Janis Joplin
- Peter V. Tytell
Annotators
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Why file history can be important you ask In a commit ( or a series of commits ) there can be a lot of information that can explain decisions that were taken and why the code has evolved as it is right now. This information can be as valuable as the code itself so you can understand why I find --follow useful.
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www.historians.org www.historians.org
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Ronald P. Formisano
https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/ronald-p-formisano-1939-2024/
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talkingpostgres.com talkingpostgres.com
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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we gave the man who discovered the insecticidal properties of DDT, Paul Muller, he got a Nobel Prize for it in 1948
for - history - DDT - inventor received Nobel Prize
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- Mar 2025
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aiandacademia.substack.com aiandacademia.substack.com
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Does anybody know who came up with the term “hallucinations” in the first place? Was it Sutskever?
Turns out the story is a bit more complicated than that, at least according to the history shared by another participant below.
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Joshua Pearson examines the history of the term “hallucination” in the development and promotion of AI technology: “Why ‘Hallucination’? Examining the History, and Stakes, of How We Label AI’s Undesirable Output” (2024).
This is a great history of the term "hallucination" in the discourse of ✨sparkling intelligence✨ — huge thanks to whoever shared it! I've also added it to our collaborative bibliography.
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digitalcollections.nypl.org digitalcollections.nypl.org
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Wife of Pomp Hall, Negro tenant farmer, writing on typewriter. Through union activities this family has developed a desire for higher education. This typewriter is to them a symbol of that education and as such is the most prized family possession
<br /> via https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/4e906fe0-3ec5-0137-4dbb-05753e085b4b
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Indy Type Shop will be at 2621 Shelby St., which used to be a gun shop and then a cell phone store.
Usually it might have been typewriter shop, gun shop, then cell phone store, so it's intriguing to see the opposite ordering.
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www.bbc.com www.bbc.com
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In 2013, jaw-dropping details emerged about the extent of US intelligence agency surveillance programmes. This prompted the Russian Federal Guard Service (FSO) to revert to typewriters in an attempt to evade eavesdropping. German officials were also reported to be considering a similar move in 2014. (During the Cold War, Soviet spies actually developed techniques for snooping on electric typewriter activity, a form of "keylogging" technology – where the keystrokes inputted on a keyboard are captured. US operatives also reconstructed text from typewriter ribbons – meaning that even typewriters aren't completely safe.)
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www.taylorfrancis.com www.taylorfrancis.com
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often people believe that the dominant economic system is value-free or value-neutral, which dismisses the central role of genocide, slavery, and colonialism in its evolution over the past five hundred years or so
for - dominant economic system - not value neutral - situated on history of colonialism, slavery, genocide, extractionism
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Apparently, "dual shielding" is a thing. Using one shield (big) for defense, and another (small) for offense.
Big shields were used in tight formations and for defense whereas smaller ones (bucklers) were more for deflecting close-range attacks (melee) and agility.
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danielpinchbeck.substack.com danielpinchbeck.substack.com
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It is likely that Trump and Musk are seeking to crash the US economy to cause a Depression. This will allow transnational wealth holders — the billionaire class — to buy up “distressed assets” in the US for cheap.
for - to - largest wealth transfer in US history - bankrupt farms - pennies on the dollar - https://hyp.is/rXHfUgHPEfC5s2-peCc-5Q/www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fg4E3Py8OT4
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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for - adjacency - US farm bankruptcy - land grab - billionaires - adjacency - largest wealth transfer in history - US farmers bankruptcy - billionaire purchase pennies on the dollar
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mohumanities.org mohumanities.org
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Missouri Humanities respectfully acknowledges that the land on which we reside has cultural significance for many Native peoples, including the Osage, Otoe, Missouria, Sauk and Fox, Ioway, Kansas, Illini, Kickapoo, Peoria, Shawnee, Delaware, Sioux, Piankashaw, and Cherokee. We are ever mindful that these peoples continue a sacred relationship with the lands we occupy, and we recognize their integral contributions to the cultural heritage of this state and to our nation’s history.
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Local file Local file
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Wilkerson, Isabel. Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. 1st ed. 2020. Reprint, New York: Random House, 2023. https://amzn.to/40KnGyB.
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www.counterpunch.org www.counterpunch.org
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2025 marks the culmination of a strategy methodically constructed over nearly a century. Far from the singular genius-entrepreneur he claims to embody, Trump appears instead as tool of the same Corporate elites that have driven this conservative ascendence since its inception.
for - 100 year history of Trumpism - quote - 2025 is culmination of 100 years
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www.ebooks.com www.ebooks.com
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Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global Laura Spinney
The new Laura Spinney at ebooks.
Another bestseller like "Pale Rider".
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- Feb 2025
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www.amazon.com www.amazon.com
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Yankees, Typewriters, Scandals, and Cooperstown: A Baseball Memoir by Bill Madden<br /> Release date: April 1, 2025 (hardcover)
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theclimatehistorian.substack.com theclimatehistorian.substack.com
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www.aljazeera.com www.aljazeera.com
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Mohamed Bouazizi
for - article - Al Jazeera - Arab Spring - history - Mohamed Bouazizi - Ali Bouazizi
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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for - history - progress trap - Wikipedia - Daniel O'Leary - Ronald Wright - Walter Von Kramer - Der Spiegel
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Summary - Great video illustrating - good communication in a polarized political environment - history of fake news - - how Reagan's elimination of the Fairness doctrine set in motion - conservative talk radio - Fox News, etc - normalized - rural propaganda, - fake news - alternative facts and - misinformation
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antirez.com antirez.com
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We are destroying software mistaking it for a purely engineering discipline.
This is the breakthrough in this post. I'm going to pretend they also mentioned documentation since the top commenter did it for them.
Check in with me again in twenty years about lamenting over "they joy of hacking..." because right now, that's a really fucking silly thing to dwell on.
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Annotators
URL
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blog.duncangeere.com blog.duncangeere.com
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for - planetary boundaries - history - planetary boundaries - visualization - earth system boundaries - history - doughnut economics - history
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diplograph.net diplograph.net
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x.com x.com
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["It's Friday. Have some history.
So you know Hadrian's Wall? Well for over 1000 years everyone thought it was built by someone else.
Until, in 1840, John Hodgson, an unknown Northumbrian clergyman published the LONGEST footnote in history.
Read on... /1 https://t.co/HNU4EU9qBL" / X](https://x.com/garius/status/1570771789827166208) by [[John Bull]] on Twitter
Full thread at: <br /> https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1570771789827166208.html
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Casey, Robert S., James W. Perry, Madeline M. Berry, and Allen Kent. Punched Cards: Their Applications To Science And Industry. 2nd ed. 1951. Reprint, New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1958. http://archive.org/details/PunchedCardsTheirApplicationsToScienceAndIndustry.
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- Jan 2025
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watermark.silverchair.com watermark.silverchair.com
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for - from - MIT Press Direct - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History - to - interview - Youtube - channel: Brain Inspired - Episode: BI 186 Mazviita Chirmuuta: The Brain Abstracted - 2024, Mar - https://hyp.is/3XW2ct8mEe-Fj79NfLEaZQ/www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwNHW4otoJQ
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direct.mit.edu direct.mit.edu
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M. Chirimuuta
for - from - Chapter 9 of book - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/Ne0vsN8TEe-0gKfJ_-CHFQ/watermark.silverchair.com/c008400_9780262378628.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1AwggNMBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggM9MIIDOQIBADCCAzIGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMQiuxj5ADRMKA_9kUAgEQgIIDA4n2hqWRY4iDrmrcDrCx6YjsLiXeoqGBMrezs_kymEj3y1Jqh_UlW5WfGUNhBfTC5IpUGikuqBzjC9_UepW_n-SIy8wOnvMB8W08sihzohH-Dzof0oothB7tfYDAZJe04dVrYtUetmqDpi53kj_LaU6h3UNR9ZZpc8KFqtL_0IGhnMT8wvJiknRHbD-SXDTiVAFAzRGKqckrbrrm4KDfIjCpbBRa1QaRVoTIgo0Kwp4J8Mb9KNA0czcYDBkL4vjLBNZY-a0VdIJlYAzbyHeLOtugVKGmq1Lfu8K1zMNEi6HMthJDxRx9Kmv3Jbgy0hi7_dcwkURYj4VuBDU24DihiwMlXYgkl3uAop9jwd-fvlbExhBUD_FoR4kmq4iegAr62meXal4dvA2BwJIv_zISyqP3ez4LEZZpGp1r3OCq1bK4r-ono7w0h3VOCkBXq2BWUy4lb2Norec7yGcWxYLf3bvMJyxxRVKjcpV4us6IlDg6bLE5a2YCp9uh8vdZC_YjH-bkHUnxIapqN4D1iCvRUhtG9mvlnx4PBPZPUSTKEf9AxvVOp2nST27YGVUbKU8Qq6J6y5hD7vhTqx9-YjinBxOw2FH_hVL1ZgDSpO-glVzORMJRI1WYUz_w7Kfc3eG3OBVB6amY7_FULAqhtICn_N1Xao-hAFAkfIEk0MMQd0XkGIMtsRKUL_5Rhzw_kGnHMnWFCCVdlt1LKGvkDqo_0kxYB1aKEUiykx8nsmZOksso2VCRTXBhBMcsrDmOpBM4zKPpbi0qfRwPEJmQ2JkhNoVFhSJvdmJ8yoAd4ZH6i--LohA_TCmrD-wE6hjCDrmm9VbwYqyLXslzulCS_9IQBG9k_jMZ5doqutYbJs6UrpWHcYqKeT0HKbzPWGp3uMmDTvs-YUyUkmwTxH7GTlaNC5eUJ64sQt7-GhcqbPq30Pe5tLvX2ztPyln1uiuH9GBY_RiXWR2JMmYz46Kue3Iu35mJCKpfNWTO-z41USYMNMMjlB0jgsUGT0BzedInF9UvZ31M9Q - to - pdf of book - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024
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watermark.silverchair.com watermark.silverchair.com
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for - from - MIT Press Direct - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History - to - interview - Youtube - channel: Brain Inspired - Episode: BI 186 Mazviita Chirmuuta: The Brain Abstracted - 2024, Mar - https://hyp.is/3XW2ct8mEe-Fj79NfLEaZQ/www.youtube.com/watch?v=NwNHW4otoJQ
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watermark.silverchair.com watermark.silverchair.com
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for - from - search - Google - fallacy of misplaced concreteness - search results of interest - 2025, Jan 30 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History - to - The Brain Abstracted: Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience - M. Chirimuuta - 2024 - https://hyp.is/oeRL9t8REe-06ZvevM0y8g/direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5741/The-Brain-AbstractedSimplification-in-the-History
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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for - Youtube - book review - Reviewing "The Brain Abstracted - Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience" - M. Chirimuuta - Youtube channel: Philosophy of Psychiatric Diagnoses - 2025 Jan 23
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I think the book is fantastic I'm now going to outlined review of a book and then at the end briefly point out some potential implications for psychiatric diagnosis and neurodiversity
for - implications of book "The Brain Abstracted" for neurodiversity - SOURCE - Youtube - book review - Reviewing "The Brain Abstracted - Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience" - M. Chirimuuta - Youtube channel: Philosophy of Psychiatric Diagnoses - 2025 Jan 23
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- Youtube - book review - Reviewing "The Brain Abstracted - Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience" - M. Chirimuuta - Youtube channel: Philosophy of Psychiatric Diagnoses - 2025 Jan 23
- implications of book "The Brain Abstracted" for neurodiversity - SOURCE - Youtube - book review - Reviewing "The Brain Abstracted - Simplification in the History and Philosophy of Neuroscience" - M. Chirimuuta - Youtube channel: Philosophy of Psychiatric Diagnoses - 2025 Jan 23
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Welsh legend supports that this happened, with stories such as Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig (English: The Dream of Emperor Maximus), where he not only marries a wondrous British woman (thus making British descendants probable), but also gives her father sovereignty over Britain (thus formally transferring authority from Rome back to the Britons themselves).
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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The Classical texts abound with anecdotes displaying the Celt as‘other’.
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Cunliffe, Barry. The Celts: A Very Short Introduction. Very Short Introductions. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
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4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com 4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com
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creative minorities
for - definition - creative minorities - Arnold Toynbee, author of The Study of History - groups capable of inspiring action among the larger, less-educated, and less-visionary masses - SOURCE - article - Substack - The three civilizational priorities of the next societal transition - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 17
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history of labor
for - paraphrase - history of labor - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2 - to - stats - Gallup Chairman's Blog - world poll 2024 - 15% of employees worldwide are engaged - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2
paraphrase - history of labor - Michel gives a nice succinct summary of the broad strokes of the history of labor over the last few millennia: - Civilizations have begun as slave-based societies first - Then when the Christian revolution occurred after the fall of the Roman Empire, "Ora et Labora (Pray and Work)" was adopted to transform work into a spiritually meaningful endeavor - Then in the 16th century, this philosophy was replaced by turning labor into a commodity, where it has remained ever since, - resulting in a world where 85% of those surveyed say they are not engaged with their job
to - stats - Gallup Chairman's Blog - world poll 2024 - 15% of employees worldwide are engaged - https://hyp.is/iOlXbNBOEe-t6hdOWtvTYw/news.gallup.com/opinion/chairman/212045/world-broken-workplace.aspx
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- paraphrase - history of labor - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2
- to - stats - Gallup Chairman's Blog - world poll 2024 - 15% of employees worldwide are engaged - SOURCE - Youtube Ma Earth channel interview - Devcon 2024 - Cosmo Local Commoning with Web 3 - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 2
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www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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The machines were first designed in 1951 at Perkins School for the Blind in Boston, Massachusetts, where they have been made ever since.
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en.wikiversity.org en.wikiversity.org
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Trying to find some more general explanation of the Bohr atom, de Broglie proposed
- ???? -¿Qué motivó a De Broglie a proponer su hipótesis? La idea de que la materia, al igual que la luz, podría tener propiedades duales de onda y partícula. (Einstein, 1905)
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Planck noted that both these phenomena
- Planck sobre solids heat capacity???
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fue Einstein y luego Debye:
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Einstein, A. (1907). Die Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme. Annalen der Physik, 327(1), 180-190.
- Debye, P. (1912). Zur Theorie der spezifischen Wärmen. Annalen der Physik, 344(14), 789-839.
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Local file Local file
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Paxton, Jennifer. The Celtic World: Course Guidebook. Great Courses, 2251.0. Chantilly, VA: Great Courses, 2018.
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houseofgreen.substack.com houseofgreen.substack.com
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their kids aren’t interested in the grueling work of farming.
for - question - what if the children were identified to come back? - source - article - Substack - One of the biggest wealth transfers in U.S. history just commenced. Are you aware of it? - Alexandra Fasulo - 2024, Oct 15
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for - article - Substack - One of the biggest wealth transfers in U.S. history just commenced. Are you aware of it? - Alexandra Fasulo - 2024, Oct 15
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opportunity - regenerative agriculture and rewilding - US farmers retiring in the next 20 years - largest transfer in US history - land trusts ?
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referred by - Kim Chapple
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- referred by - Kim Chapple
- opportunity - regenerative agriculture and rewilding - US farmers retiring in the next 20 years - largest transfer in US history - land trusts ?
- article - Substack - One of the biggest wealth transfers in U.S. history just commenced. Are you aware of it? - Alexandra Fasulo - 2024, Oct 15
- question - what if the children were identified to come back? - source - article - Substack - One of the biggest wealth transfers in U.S. history just commenced. Are you aware of it? - Alexandra Fasulo - 2024, Oct 15
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- Dec 2024
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Van Doren, Charles. A History of Knowledge: Past, Present, and Future. 1st ed. 1991. Reprint, New York, N.Y: Ballantine Books, 1992. https://amzn.to/4fvWabz.
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www.marxists.org www.marxists.org
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It was just at this time, during the summer of 1900, that Curlbaum and Rubens in Berlin had made very accurate new measurements of the spectrum of heat radiation. When Planck heard of these results he tried to represent them by simple mathematical formulas which looked plausible from his research on the general connection between heat and radiation. One day Planck and Rubens met for tea in Planck's home and compared Rubens' latest results with a new formula suggested by Planck. The comparison showed a complete agreement. This was the discovery of Planck's law of heat radiation.
- "visual" account of the anecdote for easy remember
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emergencemagazine.org emergencemagazine.org
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I sort of trace out these parallel developments
for - history - connection stories that challenge the Genesis control story- begin with indigenous peoples of North America - then ping pong back and forth between Europe and North America - from - Emergence Magazine - interview - An Ethics of Wild Mind - David Hinton
history - connection stories that challenge the Genesis control story - Indigenous elders of North America share stories with some Westerners in the United States and Canada - These are shared in Europe and become popular, especially amongst intellectuals - It was refreshing to hear an account of nature that wasn't considered evil and that had to be tamed and brought into God's order - Alexander von Humboldt wrote some of these and was widely read - Thoreau, WHitman and Rousseau read Humboldt - British and German Romantics such as Wordworth, Shelly and Coleridge are also influenced by it and see the rediscovery of the wonder of nature as an antidote to the alienation of the industrial age - Completing the circle, American intellects Thoreau and Emerson read the Romantics, in turn influencing Whitman and John Muir
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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The markets and level of ubiquity of these items in their heyday are so dramatically different that this is certainly an apples and oranges comparison.
However, if you want to compare the artist/users of the instrument to their machines, which is a way of potentially intuiting a potential answer to your question (one which is highly subjective), you might go by who was using particular typewriters of the time. Here's some data to consider: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/typers.html
For that rough era in American-made machines, you'll see peak engineering/manufacturing in the 1950s out of the Smith-Corona Super Silent, the Remington Quiet-Riter, and the Royal Quiet De Luxe. Design, touch, and tuning can all be such subjective measures here so as to heavily Muddy (the) Waters ('52 Gibson Les Paul Gold Top/'58 Fender Telecaster) on style, quality, and popularity amongst the cognoscenti. Peak quality in the 60s had broadly moved to post-war Germany and Italy with machines from Olympia (SM3, 4, 5, 7, etc.) and Olivetti respectively.
For my personal money, in American machines of the time, I love the design and performance of my well-tuned, and mostly restored 1950 Royal KMG. However, the current market certainly wouldn't indicate a broader beloved status for these the way you'll see for Stratocasters. (You'll also find some horribly maintained and un-tuned machines out there on the market, which is why so much of the antique and vintage typewriter market pricing is so wildly out of whack.)
A separate flavor of question certainly, but if you're looking for a solid performing typewriter to pair aesthetically and temporally with a '64 Strat, I'd go with a Royal FP ('57-62) (which came in Royaltone or Pearl Dark Gray smooth, Royaltone or Pearl Light Gray smooth, Willow Green smooth, Sea Blue smooth, Cameo Pink smooth (Petal Pink) , Brushed Aluminum, Sandstone smooth, and Coral Rose) or the smaller Royal Futura 800 ('58-'63).
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www.history.com www.history.com
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for - history - French and American Revolution - the role of coffee houses during the Enlightenment
summary - Coffee has a fascinating history - The relationship between coffee and alcohol was interesting - In Muslim culture, coffee houses began appearing in the Ottoman Empire because alcohol was forbidden for Muslims - The coffeehouses spread from the Ottoman Empire to Europe where it replaced the daily ritual of drinking beer - People in London did not drink the polluted Thames because it was so unhygienic that they could catch cholera - Alcohol had its side effects however, of making everyone drowsy. When the Industrial Revolution appeared, this drowsiness could lead to terrible industrial accidents - Coffee was the perfect replacement. Some speculate that it made the Industrial Revolution possible - Coffee houses began to spring up in London. Like in the Ottoman Empire, they were frowned upon by elites because this ability for all types of people to gather for the first time was perceived as a threat to political stability - Among the ideas born in coffee houses and cafes: - French Revolution - Storming of the Bastille j - Enlightenment intellectuals met here - American Revolution - Sons of Liberty met and planned the American Revolution - Benjamin Franklin frequented - Lloyds of London was conceived of - The idea of the Newspaper started due to notes of ideas exchanged and communicated in different columns of notes recorded - Famous scientists met there like Isaac Newton - London Stock Exchange was conceived of here
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La Rotonde
for - trivia / history - Paris Cafes - La Rotonde cafe - Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F.Scott Fitzgerald and T.S. Eliot frequented
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Paris's Café de Foy
for - trivia / history - Paris cafes - Cafe de Foy - The Storming of the Bastille was announced here
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the Café Procope
for - trivia / history - Paris Cafes - Cafe Procope - Enlightenment - French Revolution - Rosseau, Diderot and Voltaire met and shared ideas here with the public
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Where does so much mad agitation come from? From a crowd of minor clerks and lawyers, from unknown writers, starving scribblers, who go about rabble-rousing in clubs and cafés. These are the hotbeds that have forged the weapons with which the masses are armed today.
for - trivia / history - coffee house - quote - Paris Cafe as organizing ground for the agitators that led the French Revolution
quote - Where does so much mad agitation come from? - From a crowd of - minor clerks and lawyers, - from unknown writers, - starving scribblers, - who go about rabble-rousing in clubs and cafés. - These are the hotbeds that have forged the weapons with which the masses are armed today.
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Smyrna Coffee House in London
for - trivia / history - coffee house - Smyrna Coffee House in London - Benjamin Franklin wrote his famous Open Letter to Lord North satirizing the King's power over the colonies.
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in New York, Merchant's Coffee House
for - trivia / history - Merchant's Coffee House in New York - birth of the Bank of New York and The New York Chamber of Commerce
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the Green Dragon Tavern in Boston
for - trivia / history - coffee house - The Green Dragon Tavern in Boston - home of The American Revolution - due to many meetings by the Sons of Liberty
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Frederick the Great of Germany was so against coffee that he attempted to outlaw the drink outright in favor of beer on September 13, 1777. Afraid that the importation of coffee was costing his kingdom (and his highness) business, he required all coffee sellers to register with the crown, denying licenses to all but a few friends of the court
for - trivia / history - coffee house - Frederick the Great of Germany outlawed coffee houses - he favored beer and beer business was losing money to coffee
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Grecian Coffee House near Fleet Street
for - trivia / history - coffee house - Grecian Coffee House - Isacc Newton and other members of Royal Society frequented - Newton dssected a dolphin on a table at this coffee house - another coffee house introduced the ballot box for voting
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Jonathan’s Coffee House in Exchange Alley
for trivia / history - coffee house - Jonathan's Coffee House - stockbrokers traded shares here after closing hours - gave birth to the London Stock Exchange
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Lloyd’s Coffee House
for - trivia / history - coffee house - Lloyd's coffee house - sailors and merchants conceived of Lloyd's of London Insurance Company here.
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- trivia / history - coffee house - Smyrna Coffee House in London - Benjamin Franklin wrote his famous Open Letter to Lord North satirizing the King's power over the colonies.
- of Germany outlawed coffee houses - he favored beer and beer business was losing money to coffeetrivia / history - coffee house - Frederick the Great
- trivia / history - Paris Cafes - La Rotonde cafe - Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, F.Scott Fitzgerald and T.S. Eliot frequented
- trivia / history - coffee house - quote - Paris Cafe as organizing ground for the agitators that led the French Revolution
- trivia / history - coffee house - The Green Dragon Tavern in Boston - home of the American Revolution - due to many meetings by the Sons of Liberty
- rivia / history - Merchant's Coffee House in New York - birth of the Bank of New York and The New York Chamber of Commerce
- trivia / history - Paris cafes - Cafe de Foy - The Storming of the Bastille was announced here
- trivia / history - coffee house - Lloyd's coffee house - sailors and merchants conceived of Lloyd's of London Insurance here.
- rivia / history - Paris Cafes - Cafe Procope - Enlightenment - French Revolution - Rosseau, Diderot and Voltaire met and shared ideas here with the public
- history - French and American Revolution - the role of coffee houses during the Enlightenment
- trivia / history - coffee house - Grecian Coffee House - Isacc Newton and other members of Royal Society frequented - Newton dssected a dolphin on a table at this coffee house - another coffee house introduced the ballot box for voting
- trivia / history - coffee house - Jonathan's Coffee House - stockbrokers traded shares here after closing hours - gave birth to the London Stock Exchange
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www.resilience.org www.resilience.org
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We believe that, for the first time in recorded history, human culture has produced at the least an outline of all the capacities required for us to begin to consciously direct our own cultural evolution for the better.
for - cultural evolution - first time in history we can have intentional cultural evolution towards a holistic wellbeing-based civilization - Dil Green
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www.haaretz.com www.haaretz.com
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The Arabian Desert as we know it today, the biggest sand desert in the world, didn’t exist. It began to form sometime between 6,000 to 8,000 years ago.
S.Arabia desert is linked to the era of modern humans ~6000yago.
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But as the Arabian Desert was forming, about 6,000 years ago its population imploded. The same would happen in the Levant about 4,200 years ago, commensurate with an intense aridification event.
Middle-east desert is linked to humans of modern era ~6000yago.
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We did not – the greening and aridification of North Africa and Arabia were due to planetary cycles, not human impact.
Author (Ruth Schuster) denies humans involved in aridification/desertification.
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www.ordinarymind.com www.ordinarymind.com
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He was the first Zen teacher to come here, the way Bodhidharma was the first Zen teacher to come to China. He left behind two students: D. T. Suzuki and Nyogen Senzaki
for - history - Zen - in the United States - Shaku - D.T. Suzuki - Nyogen Senzaki - from Barry Magid
insight - Zen in United States - Shaku was the first Zen teacher to visit the United States - He was D.T. Suzuki's teacher
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Local file Local file
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Armstrong, Dorsey. Medieval World. 1st ed. The Great Courses 8280. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, LLC, 2009. https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/medieval-world.
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oztypewriter.blogspot.com oztypewriter.blogspot.com
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www.tractordata.com www.tractordata.com
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I personally read every single email.
If I may just have a moment of weakness...
This is a hero of the internet that raised me. <3
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www.dreamsongs.com www.dreamsongs.com
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https://web.archive.org/web/20241201071240/https://www.dreamsongs.com/WorseIsBetter.html
Richard P Gabriel documents the history behind 'worse is better' a talk he held in Cambridge in #1989/ The role of LISP in the then AI wave stands out to me. And the emergence of C++ on Unix and OOP. I remember doing a study project (~91) w Andre en Martin in C++ v2 because we realised w OOP it would be easier to solve and the teacher thought it would be harder for us to use a diff language.
via via via Chris Aldrich in h. to Christian Tietze, https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/comment/22075/#Comment_22075 to Christine Lemmer-Webber https://dustycloud.org/blog/how-decentralized-is-bluesky/ to here.
-[ ] find overv of AI history waves and what tech / languages drove them at the time
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