Eine extreme Hitzewelle hat in der Sahelzone Hunderte, wahrscheinlich Tausende Menschenleben gefordert. World Weather Attribution zufolge ist die Höhe der Temperaturen eindeutig auf die globale Erhitzung durch Treibhausgase zurückzuführen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/18/lethal-heatwave-in-sahel-worsened-by-fossil-fuel-burning-study-finds

Zur Studie: https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/extreme-sahel-heatwave-that-hit-highly-vulnerable-population-at-the-end-of-ramadan-would-not-have-occurred-without-climate-change/

Was Aaron Sorkin inspired by Middlemarch to borrow the name Wilberforce for West Wing Season 4, Episode 9 "Swiss Diplomacy"?

Ongweso Jr., Edward. “The Miseducation of Kara Swisher: Soul-Searching with the Tech ‘Journalist.’” The Baffler, March 29, 2024. https://thebaffler.com/latest/the-miseducation-of-kara-swisher-ongweso.

ᔥ[[Pete Brown]] in Exploding Comma

Österreich könnte auf russisches Gas verzichten, allerdings sind dazu u.a. Ausbaumaßnahmen (West-Austria Gaspipeline) nötig. Über Deutschland transportiertes Gas verteuert sich durch die Speicherumlage. Die Hauptalternative zu russischem Gas ist LNG aus den USA. Der Artikel, der viele Detailinformationen enthält, erwähnt, dass die Probleme mit der Definition von Erdgas als „Übergangsenergie“ zusammenhängen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000209552/abkehr-von-russischem-gas-erfordert-investitionen-in-vorgelagertes-netz

https://www.thespruceeats.com/pink-squirrel-cocktail-recipe-759770

The cocktail Ainsley Hayes is drinking in the steam pipe trunk distribution venue (her office) in S2 E13 of The West Wing after the 3rd State of the Union.

In Österreich verzögert sich der geplante Ausbau der Wes-Ost-Verbindung der Westaustria-Gasleitung mit der Begründung der Betreiber, dass sich aufgrund der Klimaziele das Projekt möglicherweise nicht amortisieren werde. Im Standard-Artikel dazu wird diese Begründung nicht ernst genommen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000201330/in-oberoesterreich-fehlt-eine-enorm-wichtige-pipeline-warum-besteht-diese-luecken

Mit 90% war der Anteil der russischen Importe an der österreichischen Gasversorgung im Oktober höher als je zuvor. Eine Ursache dafür ist die Verteuerung des Gases auf Deutschland wegen der Gasspeicherumlage. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000199179/gasimporte-aus-deutschland-eingebrochen-wieder-mehr-gas-aus-russland

39.3% of pregnant women in West Africa moderate to high transmission countries had malaria infections in 2022. This seems surprisingly high. I haven't seen the regular case incidence for West Africa directly mentioned in this report, but I would expect it lower than the case incidence for Nigeria which I calculate as 30.5% (p202)

1.2% of patients don't respond to the standard malaria medication

ChatGPT: "The term "Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate" refers to the percentage of individuals in a population who are infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum ... PfPR\(_{2-10}\) refers to the Plasmodium falciparum Parasite Rate in the age group of 2 to 10 years old."

Reductionistic vs other definitions

Is the annotated paragraph describing what is an object or how is an object? This same criticism is also present in Dave West's Object Thinking.

Other perspectives:

Smalltalk's design—and existence—is due to the insight that everything we can describe can be represented by the recursive composition of a single kind of behavioral building block that hides its combination of state and process inside itself and can be dealt with only through the exchange of messages. Philosophically, Smalltalk's objects have much in common with the monads of Leibniz and the notions of 20th century physics and biology. Its way of making objects is quite Platonic in that some of them act as idealizations of concepts—Ideas—from which manifestations can be created. That the Ideas are themselves manifestations (of the Idea-Idea) and that the Idea-Idea is a-kind-of Manifestation-Idea—which is a-kind-of itself, so that the system is completely self-describing— would have been appreciated by Plato as an extremely practical joke.

—Alan Kay Early History of Smalltalk (1972)

So objects have something resembling agency, see the actor model.

OOP to me means only messaging, local retention and protection and hiding of state-process, and extreme late-binding of all things. It can be done in Smalltalk and in LISP. There are possibly other systems in which this is possible, but I'm not aware of them.

—Alan Kay Clarification of "object-oriented", email reply to Stefan Ram

I also like the complementary view that Gerald Sussman teaches on his video lecture 5A that informs chapter 2 and 3 of SICP; objects are a cheap way of modelling the world.

Eine neue Studie ergibt, dass sich das Abschmelzen des westantarktischen Eisschilds selbst dann fortsetzen wird, wenn die Erderhitzung auf 1,5° begrenzt wird. Das Schelfeis stellt ein Kipppelememt dar. Der Abschmelzvorgang verstärkt sich selbst und führt zu einer unaufhaltsamen Erhöhung des Meeresspiegels, weil er den Weg für das hinter dem Schelfeis gelegene Gletschereis frei macht. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000192327/meterhoher-meeresanstieg-durch-abschmelzen-des-westantarktischen-eisschelfs

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x

Mehr zur Studie: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%27report%3A+Unavoidable+future+increase+in+West+Antarctic+ice-shelf+melting%27

Der westantarktische Eisschild wird in diesem Jahrhundert dreimal schneller abschmelzen als im vergangenen, selbst wenn es gelingt, die globale Erhitzung auf 1,5 Grad zu begrenzen. Einer neuen Studie zufolge wurde einer der Kipppunkte, unterhalb derer das Klimasystem stabil bleibt, überschritten. Dadurch wird es zu einem so großen Anstieg des Meeresspiegels kommen, dass mehrere Küstenstädte aufgegeben werden müssen. Die Studie stützt sich nur auf eine einzige Modellierung, wird aber von den Ergebnissen anderer Untersuchungen ergänzt. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/23/rapid-ice-melt-in-west-antarctica-now-inevitable-research-shows

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-023-01818-x

https://www.reddit.com/r/AYearOfMythology/comments/15xnahs/the_aeneid_by_virgil_quick_translation_guide/

List of translations of Virgil's The Aeneid.

Missing older translations including: - James Rhoades (The Great Books) - H. Rushton Fairclough (Harvard Classics) - J. W. Mackail (Modern Library)

• Title

  • West // Scale: The Universal Laws of Growth, Innovation, Sustainability, and the Pace of Life in Organisms…j

• Comment

  • good exerpts from the book

https://www.ebay.com/itm/404291953051

HH West Co. was a stationer in Milwaukee that sold Shaw Walker card indexes in the early 1900s.

I'm reminded a bit of Dale Keiger's mention of Mark Strand having this same feeling after writing a poem.

https://hypothes.is/a/e8L5wuJlEe29ii_FcRhu4g

Seit dem Beginn von Satelliten-Beobachtungen vor vier Jahrzehnten ist das antarktische Meereis noch nie so geschrumpft wie im Februar 2023.

The Hitler is us

Barnes, O., & Payne, S. (2021, October 15). Covid testing suspended at private UK lab over potentially inaccurate results. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/bee7bdde-e37b-4411-afd5-1e8ceacfa5f8

If I'm not mistaken, this is the original song which C.J. Craig sings a portion of in the Red Haven's on Fire episode of The West Wing. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0745672

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxCVS8qE3Ks

!- references : evolutionary biology * Evolutionary biologists have developed similar ideas to explain how throughout history, groups of individual organisms that clustered together and discovered better fitness as a result of symbiotic relationships began to reproduce as a whole new entity. Hence the collective became the new individual * Robin et al. paper: https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%2Farticles%2F10.3389%2Ffevo.2021.711556%2Ffull&group=world * Robin et al. video presentation: https://hyp.is/go?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocdrop.org%2Fvideo%2F6J-J72GoqhY%2F&group=world * Stuart West video: https://hyp.is/go?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocdrop.org%2Fvideo%2FVUfNEHl44hc%2F&group=world

Διεισδυτική παρατηρηση για την Δυτική πλανη με τους Δικτατορες: ειναι οι διαλεκτική σχεση των αντιπολιτεύσεών τους που τους διατηρεί αυταρχικούς.

https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/universities-say-they-want-more-diverse-faculties-so-why-is-academia-still-so-white/

Some good examples of senior and well-known people who have failed to get tenure, largely because of race.

Examples of how the system is set up to exclude diversity in terms of how the game is played.

suspension of MLAs

jorgenponder — om coronavirusepidemin. (2022, January 6). The West: “We think you’re doing covid pandemic strategy all wrong.” Asia: “We don’t think of you at all.” https://t.co/fClY310vim [Tweet]. @jorgenponder. https://twitter.com/jorgenponder/status/1479072019174019073

• legal capital of Peru
• Misti stratovolcano
• my fictitious city like tiruvannamalai will have white buildings made with sillar

The Palette of Being is a very useful idea that is related to Cumulative Cultural Evolution (CCE) and autopoiesis. From CCE, humans are able to pass on new ideas from one generation to the next, made possible by the tool of inscribed language.

Peter Nonacs group at UCLA as well as Stuart West at Oxford research Major Evolutionary Transitions (MET) West elucidates that modern hominids integrate the remnants of four major stages of MET that have occurred over deep time. Amanda Robins, a researcher in Nonacs group posits the idea that our species of modern hominids are undergoing a Major Systems Transition (MST), due specifically to our development of inscribed language.

CCE emerges new technologies that shape our human environments in time frames far faster than biological evolutionary timeframes. New human experiences are created which have never been exposed to human brains before, which feedback to affect our biological evolution as well in the process of gene-culture coevolution (GCC), also known as Dual Inheritance theory. In this way, CCE and GCC are entangled. "Gene–culture coevolution is the application of niche-construction reasoning to the human species, recognizing that both genes and culture are subject to similar dynamics, and human society is a cultural construction that provides the environment for fitness-enhancing genetic changes in individuals. The resulting social system is a complex dynamic nonlinear system. " (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3048999/)

This metaphor of experiences constituting different colors on a Palette of Being is a powerful one that can contextualize human experiences from a deep time framework. One could argue that language usage automatically forces us into an anthropomorphic lens, for sophisticated language usage at the level of humans appears to be unique amongst our species. Within that constraint, the Palette of Being still provides us with a less myopic, less immediate and arguably less anthropomorphic view of human experience. It is philosophically problematic, however, in the sense that we can speculate about nonhuman modalities of being but never truly experience them. Philosopher Thomas Nagel wrote his classic paper "What it's like to be a bat" to illustrate this problem of experiencing the other. (https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/study/ugmodules/humananimalstudies/lectures/32/nagel_bat.pdf)

We can also leverage the Palette of Being in education. Deep Humanity (DH) BEing Journeys are a new kind of experiential, participatory contemplative practice and teaching tool designed to deepen our appreciation of what it is to be human. The polycrisis of the Anthropocene, especially the self-induced climate crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic have precipitated the erosion of stable social norms and reference frames, inducing another crisis, a meaning crisis. In this context, a re-education of embodied philosophy is seen as urgent to make sense of a radically shifting human reality.

Different human experiences presented as different colors of the Palette of Being situate our crisis in a larger context. One important Deep Humanity BEing journey that can help contextualize and make sense of our experiences is language. Once upon a time, language did not exist. As it gradually emerged, this color came to be added to our Palette of Being, and shaped the normative experiences of humanity in profound ways. It is the case that such profound shifts, lost over deep time come to be taken for granted by modern conspecifics. When such particular colors of the Palette of Being are not situated in deep time, and crisis ensues, that loss of contextualizing and situatedness can be quite disruptive, de-centering, confusing and alienating.

Being aware of the colors in the Palette can help us shed light on the amazing aspects that culture has invisibly transmitted to us, helping us not take them for granted, and re-establish a sense of awe about our lives as human beings.

Referenced by: https://www.reddit.com/r/texashistory/comments/pxtfpn/this_photo_shows_four_men_who_were_reportedly_a/

Free Guns Are Now a COVID-Vaccine Incentive in the US. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 June 2021, from https://www.vice.com/en/article/akg3kp/free-guns-are-now-a-covid-vaccine-incentive-in-the-us

"Funky President" appears on the Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas soundtrack on the Master Sounds 98.3 station.

https://youtu.be/bC5wtwpyc58

https://youtu.be/Bm5iA4Zupek

https://youtu.be/GjuhKczCgSI

https://genius.com/James-brown-funky-president-people-its-bad-lyrics

Germany, Russia and the Sputnik V vaccine—A tale of soft power | Germany| News and in-depth reporting from Berlin and beyond | DW | 06.05.2021. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://www.dw.com/en/germany-russia-and-the-sputnik-v-vaccine-a-tale-of-soft-power/a-57453387?maca=en-Twitter-sharing

The black lord refers to Mansa Musa, a dedicated Muslim and Emperor of West Africa during the 14th century. Land of the negroes means dark-skinned civilization. It mentions that his the richest and noblest of all lands indicate his travels because it compares other emperors' wealth and hereditary class to Mansa Musa. No other empire could compare to his status because of the natural resources of gold in Mansa land. His leadership is shown due to him being called black lord. He had vast amounts of his people following him on his travel to Mecca, which shows his people's dedication and respect for him as king.

I can't help but wonder what Jonah Goldberg's review of this book will be given his prior effort earlier this year?

I'm also reminded here of Mark Granovetter's ideas that getting a job is more closely tied to who you know. One's job is often very closely tied to their identity, and even more so when the link that got them their job was through a friend or acquaintance.

This is directly examining the highly visceral emotive response that nature invokes out of humans. I personally think this specific topic is extremely intriguing due to how it can be viewed on a macro and micro scale as well as looked through the lens of “natural” vs “designed” experiences. How a “natural” landscape invokes common feelings of purity, ethereality, picturesque, and leans into an idea of desired paradise, where a “designed” landscape more often distinguishes emotions of framed experiences such as feelings of ephemeral peace, comfort, and easy joy. I think they can both create this idea of paradise, but the difference being, the “designed” landscape is much more approachable, understood, and tangible for humans to achieve; whereas, the “natural” landscape is an ethereal idea, but has a underlying sense of unknown due to its wild attributes that are less palpable. ¬¬Thomas Rainer understands this idea of the tangible and spiritual connection that humans yearn for when he states “It is only in the last hundred years or so of our species that we have become removed from our outdoor environments. It is not that we have lost the capacity to read and see landscapes, but we are out of practice and we are desperate for it. At a deep level, when we see plants that perfectly fit their environment, it reminds us of an ancient fellowship we had...The natural landscapes we seek seem to have an emotional pull on us. They make us breathe deeper and balance our spirits” (Rainer & West 2016). Rainer is distinguishing that nature is quite literally “good for the soul.” This desire and induced emotive response that both Humboldt and Rainer refer to is, I think, the core director in how landscape architects design/should design. Feelings at this depth are a connection that most humans can relate to, and if we can create and manipulate an environment to subsist these connections we will successfully and progressively link humans to the desired experience we want to facilitate.

Nature as it was, nature as it could be [Introduction]. (2016). In 956545814 744955501 T. Rainer & 956545815 744955501 C. West (Authors), Planting in a post-wild world: Designing plant communities that evoke nature (p. 24). United States: Timber Press.

Partridge, Joanna. ‘Revive London’s West End with Culture Vouchers, Urges Thinktank’. The Guardian, 2 September 2020, sec. Stage. https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/sep/02/revive-londons-west-end-with-culture-vouchers-urges-thinktank.

Zoonotic in nature

Map of Santa Maria, 1700

Santa Maria is a possession of Chile, roughly 10 nautical miles from the mainland, and just south of the port town Concepcion. More recently the island was used as a penal colony for supporters of Chile's Salvador Allende after his government was overthrown by a US-sponsored coup.

Although Delano describes it as nothing more than a "desert, uninhabited island" it in fact has a well-documented history in the European colonization of South America, especially concerning the Dutch West India Company's conflicts with Spain in the late 16th century (note mentions of Santa Maria in Lane, pp. 73-77).

Note as well that by the conclusion of the narrative, the Saint Dominick does fulfill its intended journey from Valparaiso, Chile to Callao, a port just outside of Lima, Peru. (See map, contemporary with the composition of Benito Cereno.)

Is this what America is experiencing in the midst of Donald J. Trump's new Republican party?

I'm left wondering if there is a potential link to Jonah Goldberg having used the word Suicide specifically in the title of his recent book? Neither Durkheim nor anomie appear within the text however.

A great tribute! RIP Adam West!

The frontier has for a long time been an essential part of the identity of North America. In the United States, after the French and Indian Wars, people rapidly began to move out West on the "frontier" to create better lives for themselves. They saw the frontier as a land of great opportunity. Especially in America, there was so much fertile land that people would be able to move out westward and own massive areas of land to start agriculture on. But the frontier has also had many different motifs in the development of North America. The frontier was a very difficult place to live. Before the French and Indian Wars, white people on the frontier would constantly be harassed or even killed by Native Americans protecting their land. The frontier was also miles away from any substantial civilization so families were pretty much all on their own out there. It was seen as an area of grit and masculinity. Historian Frederick Jackson Turner talks about how the frontier was crucial to the development of American culture. He says that, "this perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American life, this expansion westward with its new opportunities, its continuous touch with the simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces dominating American character." While here I focus on the expansion westward, the "frontier" extended both northward and southward. When people began to move to westward and northward into Canada, it had already been done before in America. This led to pre-legislation and treaties with the indigenous people that allowed for easier transitions and avoid creating another "Wild West".

Turner, Frederick Jackson. The frontier in American history. New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, 1935.

The dust bowl is a geographic region in the United States centralized in the panhandle of Oklahoma and northern part of Texas that extends to surrounding states like Kansas and New Mexico. The dust bowl is infamous for experiencing a severe drought for almost a decade in the 1930's. In addition to the drought, decades of poor farming practices led the top soil to be overused and low in nutrients. Because of these compounding problems, crops were not able to be grown in this region which forced tens of thousands of farming families to move away. The drought in the dust bowl could not have come at a worse time as it occurred during the Great Depression. With an already struggling economy, food supplies were severely reduced nationwide leading to even more struggle. "This convergence of geophysical and anthropogenic factors conspired to create what is arguably the most severe long-term human ecological crisis the USA has seen.” An iconic part of the dust bowl were the intense dust storms that were experienced because of the loose top soil and high power winds. These storms were know as black blizzards as they covered the sky in dust and blackened everything. These dust storms reached all the way to areas of the East coast.

Porter, Jess. 2014. "What was the Dust Bowl? Assessing contemporary popular knowledge." Population & Environment 35, no. 4: 391-416. GreenFILE, EBSCOhost (accessed April 10, 2017).

In this sentence, Berger refers to how transport and industrial activity expanded heavily over this time period when many Americans were moving out west. This is a massive part of North American history because of the opportunities it opened up for rich and poor people alike. The first railroads in North America were established in the 1820's and quickly altered the face of life on the continent. The rapid expansion of the railroad industry led to the development of other industries like oil and steel. For a time in the 19th century these were the largest economic factors in the United States and whoever controlled these essentially controlled the country. However, Berger here is referring to the opportunities that railroads opened up for expansion across the west and north. The incredible development of railroads made travel to the west coast of America much easier than it ever was before. This changed the idea of the "frontier" in many people's mind. Because travel was much easier, the idea of the west in North America being a rustic and dangerous environment changed overtime and culminated in western economic opportunities like the Gold Rush. "Gold discoveries in the Far West preceded the gold rush of 1849 and encouraged migration from eastern cities." As western movement became more and more popular, the idea of a pristine, wild, and natural American west began to fade. The idea of a getting rich quick from the California Gold Rush was translated to the Klondike Gold Rush in the Yukon of Canada in 1896. This had similar affects on how people viewed the Northwest region of Canada and its wilderness.

"Railroad Promotion and Economic Expansion at Council Bluffs, Iowa, 1857-1869." Annals Of Iowa 42, no. 5 (Summer1974 1974): 371-389. America: History and Life with Full Text, EBSCOhost (accessed April 6, 2017).

The North West Company (NWC) was founded in 1779 in Montreal, Canada by a group of men from Scotland (The North West Company). The company was created in competition with the already established Hudson Bay Company (HBC). Both companies were fur traders, but the NWC had swift, lightweight boats that allowed them to travel faster than the HBC and the NWC became the leading fur trading company. The success of the NWC relied on merchant partners, agents, voyageurs, and aboriginal trappers. In 1821, NWC and HBC combined resources and became The Hudson’s Bay Company (The Company), with a total of 173 fur trading posts. This merger allowed Britain to retain control over the western provinces of Canada. In 1881, The Company moved toward agriculture and land and transportation development. In 1935, radiotelephone technology became available and The Company received increasing demand from a larger service region. This led to a period of technological advancement. In 1943, Northern Canada was open and many migrated to the area in search of wealth and opportunity. The Company opened community based retail stores in an effort to increase profit and namesake. As advertisements became abundant, the demand for retail stores increased. In 1953, The Company began trading Inuit art at its regional trading posts, which introduced a new art form. In 1987, the Northern trading posts, entitled the Northern Stores Division, were purchased and renamed The North West Company. A complete timeline of the history of the North West Company can be found below.

"History, About Us, The North West Company." The North West Company. Accessed April 06, 2017. Description

Provided that the clinical ...

This rider contravenes with the first objective that people cannot be denied emergency services. How does the establishment exert its right to recover the cost of operations? Is it allowed to determine how much to charge and interest rates, etc?

Which 20%? which 10%? Per day quota of visits? If the bed size is 100, it will be 10 patients but which ten patients? Will they be randomly selected? Same patient can receive the free treatment twice? what will determine this?

The Beaufort Delta is on region in the Arctic. It is situated between the Yukon Territory and Nunavut, and with the Arctic Ocean to its North. Inuvik is a town in the Beaufort Delta. It is commonly considered the hub of the area. The Beaufort Deltas population is almost one fifth of the whole population of the North West Territory, and shares 12% of the whole territory’s income. The towns are mostly connected by a few winter roads, with one major road worth of mentioning being the Dempster Highway Connection. The Dempster Highway is important because it can be navigated in all weather and thus is a likely route used by tourists to get to the region. Without it, the area would be much less accessible. Many Europeans travel to the region as tourists. Because of the rising levels of tourists, facilities and accommodations for the tourists are being financed. The Mackenzie Mountains, the Delta alone, and the Arctic Ocean landscape are some of the most popular natural landmarks that tourists flock to see. The midnight sun is also a big hit for visitors of the region. In terms of industry, the region has a strong gas market. Projects such as the Ikhil Gas Project help the region get power by providing electricity. The Mackenzie Gas Project is a project that is currently being evaluated for development. Fur trade is also sometimes still practiced in the region. Transportation and public administration are also sectors that can be profitable for the region.

ITI. “Beaufort Delta”. Last modified unknown. http://www.iti.gov.nt.ca/en/beaufort-delta

Many of the same concerns regarding the well-being of the Bluenose caribou herd in the Berger Inquiry are still being discussed today due to continued industrial exploration, specifically regarding oil and gas, in the Northwest Territories and the Arctic. Since oil and gas are still valued resources in our current societies, exploration continues in the North, as described by Anne Dunn and her colleagues in the 2009 Arctic publication. These concerns include changes of habitat due to the introduction or industrial development such as roads, oilfields, mines, etc. The attraction of job opportunity to areas surrounding the Bluenose caribou herd could potentially cause an increase in demand of caribou meat. Increased income as a result of employment for industrial exploration allows for the advancement of hunting methods regarding the locating of caribou and utilization of year-round roads implemented originally for industrial exploration. The concerns regarding the Bluenose East and Bluenose West caribou herds of the Northwest Territories result specifically from oil and gas exploration (Gunn et al. 2009, iii).

Besides industrial exploration, there are concerns about the population and survival of the Bluenose caribou herd surrounding climate trends. Specifically, warmer temperatures will affect the environmental conditions in which the caribou rely on for sustenance. An increased temperature in the wintertime could correspond to more freeze-thaw cycles (Gunn et al. 2009, iii).

Regarding population size, according to the Arctic journal, “migratory wild reindeer and caribou numbers have dropped by about one-third since populations peaked in the 1990s and early 2000s”. There are natural periods of abundance and scarcity among migratory tundra caribou herds. These increases and decreases in population size are likely results of “continental climate switches” (Gunn et al. 2009, iii). According to the Northwest Territories Environment and Natural Resources division, the Bluenose West caribou herd was estimated to have population of 112,000 in 1992. In 2015, its population was estimated to be approximately 15,000. The Bluenose East caribou herd was estimated to have a population of 104,000 in 2000. In 2015, its population was estimated to be between 35,000 and 40,000 (Northwest Territories).

References

Gunn, Anne, Don Russell, Robert G. White, and Gary<br> Kofinas. "Facing a Future of Change: Wild<br> Migratory Caribou and Reindeer." Arctic 62, no. 3 (2009): Iii-Vi. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40513303.

Northwest Territories: Environment and Natural Resources. "Barren-ground Caribou: Northern Herds." Environment and Natural Resources. Accessed March 08, 2017. http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/node/2979.

Alexander Wang reference

I see what the author did there because he was comparing her beauty going away to a hand on a clock because the hand of a clock slowly creeps away from time and that how the womens beauty was to people

This part of the poem confused me because he went from speaking so highly of this women to saying her beauty is going away and his eyes are deceived.

This is the Volta in my poem because the poet was highly talking about how beautiful the women was and how great she is, but when he says "Ah!..." and continues with that quote he says how her beauty began to disappear.

The stressed syllables in this line are pro-, of, sea-, have, seen. The unstressed syllables are In, -cess, the, -sons, I. The rhyme connected her is every other syllable and this helps show the main idea and importance of the poem.

The stressed syllables in this line are first, saw, fresh, yet, green. The unstressed syllables are Since, I, you, which, are. The stressed and unstressed creates a rhyme to emphasize and help enhance the importance of the poem. When the poet does this it gives the pom more importance.

The meaning of hath in the context is saying how her beauty is actually changing and he just isn't able to see it.

the meaning of dIal-hand in the poem is a hand of a clock. The hand of the clock compares beauty and how a clock creeps away from the person she is attached to

The word doth in this context of the poem is comparing the women's beauty to a hand of a clock.

No matter what preventative steps women take to avoid being victims of sexual assault and violence, he acts continue. It is not women who need to change their behavior, it is men who must be given the proper resources to express themselves. By holding in their emotions, men develop controlling and aggressive tendencies.

What is the purpose of repetition here specifically and in poetry in general?

Study questions for this section:

What roles do sugar and slavery play in the expansion of European empires?

What diseases devastate Native American peoples?