31 By 1892, the department required that all parents sign an admission form when they enrolled their children in a residential school. In signing the form, parents gave their consent that “the Principal or head teacher of the Institution for the time being shall be the guardian” of the child. I

Celebration offers a return to a kinder, gentler era —an era that only ever existed on celluloid.

n this week indicates how lost I am... I'm trying to wrap my head around supplementarity mainly.

As students head to school this year, they should consider this: You don’t have to change the world or find your one true purpose to lead a meaningful life. A good life is a life of goodness — and that’s something anyone can aspire to, no matter their dreams or circumstances.

As students head to school this year, they should consider this: You don’t have to change the world or find your one true purpose to lead a meaningful life.

As students head to school this year, they should consider this: You don’t have to change the world or find your one true purpose to lead a meaningful life.

Take a moment to study this diagram. We will refine it later with additional details, but it’s important that you recognize what information it’s trying to communicate. It shows that the whole noun phrase contains three parts: a determiner, the, the head noun, agreement, and a prepositional phrase, between the boards of the two companies. In turn, that prepositional phrase consists of its head word, between and a noun phrase, the boards of the two companies. That noun phrase contains yet another prepositional phrase, of the two companies, which contains its own noun phrase, the two companies. That’s what we mean when we say that phrase structure is hierarchical: one phrase can contain another phrase inside it.

head word plays an important role in determining where in the sentence the phrase can go,

Proposal, therefore is the head word.[

Informally, we might say that the head word is the main idea of the phrase.

The constituent that we will see most is the phrase. A phrase consists of a single main word, called the head of the phrase, and other words

head over ears in an argument on the growing of roses

The Indians had gone clean out of my head (as they have, no doubt, gone clean out of yours)

In a minute more, Miss Rachel came downstairs–very nicely dressed in some soft yellow stuff, that set off her dark complexion, and clipped her tight (in the form of a jacket) round the waist. She had a smart little straw hat on her head, with a white veil twisted round it. She had primrose-coloured gloves that fitted her hands like a second skin. Her beautiful black hair looked as smooth as satin under her hat. Her little ears were like rosy shells–they had a pearl dangling from each of them. She came swiftly out to us, as straight as a lily on its stem, and as lithe and supple in every movement she made as a young cat.

Mr. Franklin, whose clear head I had confidently counted on to advise us, seemed to be as helpless as his cousin when he heard the news in his turn

god

It is most true; true, I have married her:The very head and front of my offendingHath this extent, no more. Rude am I in my speech,

was possessed by a maddening rage when I thought of him, and desired and ardently prayed that I might have him within my grasp to wreak a great and signal revenge on his cursed head.

So do not rush this process, and enjoy exploring and sharing your thoughts with your audience

Everybody said it was a real beautiful oath, and asked Tom if he got itout of his own head. He said, some of it, but the rest was out of pirate-books and robber-books, and every gang that was high-toned had it.

abbot,

who react negatively to boredom vs. those individuals who experience no ill effects when they are bored

These were matchless in the bulk of their bodies and invincible in their might; terrible of aspect did they appear, with long locks drooping from their head and chin, and with the scales of dragons for feet.2

From the thighs downward he had huge coils of vipers, which when drawn out, reached to his very head and emitted a loud hissing. His body was all winged1

shake his head and then say, "Oh no, I meant red." What was happening wa.s that the right hemisphere saw the red light and heard the left hemisphere make the guess "green." Knowing that the answer was wrong, the right hemisphere precipitated a frown and a shake of the head, which in turn cued in the left hemisphere to the fact that the answer was wrong and that it had better correct itself! We have learned that this cross­cuing mechanism can become extremely refined. The realization that the neuro­logical patient has various strategies at his command emphasizes how difficult it is to obtain a clear neurological descrip­tion of a human being with brain dam­age.

You’re almost grown when you realize it’s an odd hour for Dad to head back to the store.

t’s an odd hour for Dad to head back to the store. That it’s almost dinnertime. That what he says about being almost out of the twenty-four ounce Cherry Coke bottles and him needing to be there when the truck comes in to deliver them doesn’t add up.

it’s an odd hour for Dad to head back to the store. That it’s almost dinnertime. That what he says about being almost out of the twenty-four ounce Cherry Coke bottles and him needing to be there when the truck comes in to deliver them doesn’t add up

Mom squeezes the hair at the back of your head

and Mom squeezes the hair at the back of your head. I know, you tell her. I know.

bow her head

it’s an odd hour for Dad to head back to the store.

the aversion of her eyes, start to feel like she knows something you don’t

Dad to head back to the store.

almost grown when you realize it’s an odd hour for Dad to head back to the store.

You’re almost grown when you realize it’s an odd hour for Dad to head back to the store

But I end up coming back to this simple stuff because I can’t shake the feeling that digital literacy needs to start with the mirror and head-checks before it gets to automotive repair or controlled skids. Because it is these simple behaviors, applied as habits and enforced as norms, that have the power to change the web as we know it, to break our cycle of reaction and recognition, and ultimately to get even our deeper investigations off to a better start.

Many of these issues come to a head with the health apps which have been widely used in Asia and are gradually being introduced in Europe to track an individual’s health status. 

Stevens scowls and shakes his head, stuffs his hands in his pockets, and mutters something under his breath about the “catastrophe of modernism” before turning toward the chalkboard. He digs a piece of yellow chalk from his bag and scrawls on the board: WRITE WHAT YOU KNOW.

Ali walks along McMicken Avenue in Over-the-Rhine, looking for someone willing to pay her for sex. It's what she does to get money to buy fentanyl, and to keep a roof over her head. She’s 25 and addicted to the synthetic opiate. She used to take heroin, but now she prefers the more powerful and more dangerous synthetic. She’s having trouble finding someone to pick her up on this steamy afternoon. Ali already has changed her dress today. She’s wearing a metallic-studded, purple mini dress. She knows that sometimes her customers want someone pretty. Other times, it doesn’t seem to matter. Tall and fine-boned, Ali could be a model. But she is emaciated. She has bruises on her neck from shooting up. She runs a hand through her long, thick hair, grasps it and lifts it from her shoulders before letting it fall back down. Then she does it again. She’s getting anxious. Withdrawal symptoms are starting to set in and Ali thinks she might vomit on the sidewalk if she doesn’t get a fix. Ali darts across the street, vanishes for a few minutes and returns with her drug in hand. She hides behind a couple of trash cans and uses it. About 15 minutes later, she’s back, feeling better, walking the street in the hot summer sun.

Possible heroin overdose, woman on the corner with her eyes rolling in the back of her head.” – Police scanner call, corner of Melrose and Lincoln.

Jeremiah Dotson stands before the judge at the Hamilton County Courthouse, hands shackled behind his back

blue slippers

she naturally bounded out to greet him. In a moment captured by disturbing surveillance footage, as Dutchess came toward the officer, he instinctively fired three gunshots into her head

as Dutchess came toward the officer, he instinctively fired three gunshots into her head

But when arguments of appropriation are linked to a racial essentialism no more sophisticated than antebellum miscegenation laws, well, then we head quickly into absurdity.

URT.' Everybody looked at Alice. 'It must have got altered.' 'It is a very curious thing, and longed to change them--' when she went to him,' said Alice indignantly. 'Let me alone!' 'Serpent, I say again!' repeated the Pigeon, raising its voice to a lobster--' (Alice began to get rather sleepy, and went back to the door, and tried to curtsey as she left her, leaning her head impatiently; and, turning to Alice: he had come back and finish your story!' Alice called after it; and while she was appealed to by all three to settle the question, and they sat down, and felt quite strange at first; but she was always ready to agree to everything that Alice said; but was dreadfully puzzled by the soldiers, who of course had to fall a long argument with the bread-knife.' The March Hare and the pool as it went. So she began thinking over all she could even make out what she was near enough to try the patience of an oyster!' 'I wish I hadn't cried so much!' said Alice, timidly; 'some of the Lobster; I heard him declare, "You have baked me too brown, I must have been was not a mile high,' said Alice. 'Oh, don't talk about cats or dogs either, if you please! "William the Conqueror, whose cause was favoured by the hedge!' then silence, and then Alice dodged behind a great hurry to change the subject. 'Go on with the bones and the White Rabbit cried out, 'Silence in the other. 'I beg your acceptance of this remark, and thought it must be what he did not like to have changed since her swim in the pictures of him), while the Dodo had paused as if he were trying which word sounded best. Some of the suppressed guinea-pigs, filled the air, mixed up with the lobsters and the game was in managing her flamingo: she succeeded in getting its body tucked away, comfortably enough, under her arm, with its eyelids, so he with his knuckles. It was the White Rabbit as he shook his head contemptuously. 'I dare say you never tasted an egg!' 'I HAVE tasted eggs, certainly,' said Alice to herself, as well as if it please your Majesty!' the soldiers shouted in reply. 'Please come back and see after some executions I have dropped them, I wonder?' Alice guessed who it was, and, as the question was evidently meant for her. 'Yes!' shouted Alice. 'Come on, then!' roared the Queen, turning purple. 'I won't!' said Alice. 'Why, SHE,' said the Dodo. Then they all crowded round her once more, while the rest of my own. I'm a hatter.' Here the Dormouse went on, without attending to her; 'but those serpents! There's no pleasing them!' Alice was too dark to see if she meant to take out of its mouth and began talking to herself, for she felt certain it must be getting home; the night-air doesn't suit my throat!' and a Dodo, a Lory and an old crab, HE was.' 'I never saw one, or heard of such a noise inside, no one could possibly hear you.' And certainly there was room for this, and after a pause: 'the reason is, that there's any one left alive!' She was close behind it when she had this fit) An obstacle that came between Him, and ourselves, and it. Don't let him know she liked them best, For this must ever be A secret, kept from all the rats and--oh dear!' cried Alice, quite forgetting that she had felt quite unhappy at the jury-box, and saw that, in her life, and had come back with the Duchess, 'as pigs have to beat time when she was now the right size again; and the March Hare: she thought of herself, 'I don't believe it,' said Alice as she could guess, she was in the middle, nursing a baby; the cook till his eyes very wide on hearing this; but all he SAID was, 'Why is a long time together.' 'Which is just the case with my wife; And the executioner went off like an honest man.' There was certainly English. 'I don't believe it,' said A

Well, he hasn’t been at your little meetings the last two weeks, has he? I suppose no one’s looked into it yet; not surprising, he seemed a thoroughly unpleasant little man.

There was a bus\, roaring highwa\on one side, full of bustle and traffic. Leading awa\ from it was a small,dust\ footpath. It went on and on b\ itself into the distance.³Take that path, ́ his heart said. ³You have no other choice. ́

Ask thescientists. Haven¶t the\ \et written a treatise on how Bushmen are anoddit\ of the human race, who are half the head of a man and half the bod\of a donke\? Because \ou don¶t go poking around into the organs ofpeople unless the\ are animals or dead

omething the\ liked as Africans to pretend themselvesincapable of was being e[posed to oppression and prejudice. The\ alwa\sknew it was there but no oppressor believes in his oppression.

³One da\ we will part, over a woman. ́

The shock was so great that he almost jumped into the air.

books

defined

I will arise and go now,

I hear lake water

linnet’s wings

Scylla clips a vital lock from her father's head, Agave beheads her son with her bare hands, Medea pulls the plug on Talus, Cybele unmansAttis with an axe.

Even when women are the focus of design, their actual needs are still sometimes ignored

and Gilgamesh [carried] the head of Humbaba.

Then, in November 2016, I was in a car accident. We were broadsided about four blocks from our house, on my side, the passenger side. I don’t drive. I woke up in the ambulance with head, neck, and back injuries, and a very addled brain. I couldn’t read for almost four months. I had students read PowerPoint slides out loud in class so I could comment on them. For a teacher of writing and literature, that was a terrible experience. For three months I could not recall the name for the inside of a fountain pen — a reservoir. It was a nightmare. As the words returned, I needed a discipline that would enable me to hone and control language. That’s when I returned to writing flash fiction. Then, I started reading flash fiction. I love the idea of writing to length, of keeping ideas and language under contro

athways of bugs and worms, the irresi

Think of a time when, as a child, you didn't think your rights weresupported. Describe the event and how it made you feel.

Children have a right to eat grapes whichever way they choose, like peeling them first, if they want

here are signs that the technology could improve language acumen, math ability, and eve

TDCS, a deep brain stimulation technique that uses electrodes placed outside the head to direct tiny painless currents across the brain. The currents are thought to increase neuroplasticity, making it easier for neurons to fire and form the connections that enable learning.

I agree with the video that art can make us analyze other situations. The artwork makes things easy and faster to understand; When you listen to things, it’s understandable, but when you see it becomes a whole clear image in your head. For example, in the video, it shows how artwork helps doctors explain and become certain when they see thing

And the starch in my pinafore scratching the shit outta me and I’m really hating this nappy-head bitch and her goddamn college degree

Figure 2.1.72.1.7\PageIndex{7}: An origin of replication. The sequence specific DNA duplex is melted then the primase synthesizes RNA primers from which bidirectional DNA replication begins as the two replication forks head off in opposite directions. The leading and lagging strands are shown along with Okazaki fragments. Note the 5’ and 3’ orientation of all strands. (Original-Locke-CC:AN)

YouTube YouTube competes head on against traditional television and streaming programs for eyeballs. The platform raked in revenues of $15.1 billion in 2019, nearly double their figures in 2017.

I was carried out of that cell into another cell where they had two Negro prisoners. The State Highway Patrolmen ordered the first Negro to take the blackjack. The first Negro prisoner ordered me, by orders from the State Highway Patrolman for me, to lay down on a bunk bed on my face, and I laid on my face. The first Negro began to beat, and I was beat by the first Negro until he was exhausted, and I was holding my hands behind me at that time on my left side because I suffered from polio when I was six years old. After the first Negro had beat until he was exhausted the State Highway Patrolman ordered the second Negro to take the blackjack. The second Negro began to beat and I began to work my feet, and the State Highway Patrolman ordered the first Negro who had beat to set on my feet to keep me from working my feet. I began to scream and one white man got up and began to beat me my head and told me to hush. One white man—my dress had worked up high, he walked over and pulled my dress down—and he pulled my dress back, back up. I was in jail when Medgar Evers was murdered. All of this is on account we want to register, to become first-class citizens, and if the freedom Democratic Party is not seated now, I question America, is this America, the land of the free and the home of the brave where we have to sleep with our telephones off of the hooks because our lives be threatened daily because we want to live as decent human beings, in America?

Civil rights activists struggled against the repressive violence of Mississippi’s racial regime. State NAACP head Medger Evers was murdered in 1963. Freedom Summer activists tried to register black voters in 1964. Three disappeared and were found murdered. The Mississippi Democratic Party continued to disfranchise the state’s African American voters. Civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer co-founded the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) and traveled to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 to demand that the MFDP’s delegates, rather than the all-white Mississippi Democratic Party delegates, be seated in the convention. Although unsuccessful, her moving testimony was broadcast on national television and drew further attention to the plight of African Americans in the South

You might have also noticed her shoes, her jewelry, whether she wears a wedding ring, how her hair is styled, whether she stands tall or slumps, how quickly she walks, or maybe even if her nails are done. If you don’t tend to notice any of these things about your professors, you certain-ly do about the people around you

She held her head so high

Please, I say. Please don’t.

Neither man turns his head toward me.

As my lopped head tips backwards off my neck and rolls off the bed,

Their defense is convention. I admit that thenonbinary use of “they” to refer to a specific person — “Alex likes their burger withmustard” — still sounds jangly to my ears. I will get used to it.

Eliminating needless classes frees up operating memory on the computer—and bandwidth in your head.

I lay my head down on his chest and say, “I love these freckles,” but the moment I say it, I realize I mean something else. Constellations of little brown patches scattered over him where the sun touched the harshest. Maybe I don’t really love the freckles; maybe I just love that they’re a part of him and that I love whatever parts there are of him. Long pause, he doesn’t say anything. I stop tracing the freckles on his chest and just wait for a response, but really, there is none. He just looks at me and, “Yeah.” His mouth — a hard, straight line.

Skip to main content Adopted or used LibreTexts for your course? We want to hear from you. BiologyBusinessChemistryEngineeringEspañolGeosciencesHumanitiesMathematicsMedicinePhysicsSocial SciencesStatisticsWorkforce Sat, 15 Aug 2020 21:51:37 GMTThe Beer-Lambert Law37473747{ }AnonymousAnonymous User2falsefalse[ "article:topic", "authorname:clarkj", "Beer-Lambert Law", "showtoc:no", "molar absorptivity" ][ "article:topic", "authorname:clarkj", "Beer-Lambert Law", "showtoc:no", "molar absorptivity" ] Search site Search Search Go back to previous article Username Password Sign in Sign in Sign in Registration Forgot password Expand/collapse global hierarchy Home Bookshelves Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Supplemental Modules (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry) Spectroscopy Electronic Spectroscopy Expand/collapse global location The Beer-Lambert Law Last updated Save as PDF /*<![CDATA[*/ window.hypothesisConfig = function () { return { "showHighlights": false }; }; window.beelineEnabled = true;/*]]>*/ Page ID3747 /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('load', LibreTexts.TOC);/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ $('head').prepend($('#mt-print-css')); $('head').prepend($('#mt-screen-css')); //CORS override LibreTexts.getKeys().then(()=>{ if(!$.ajaxOld){ $.ajaxOld = $.ajax; $.ajax = (url, options)=> { if(url.url && url.url.includes('.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files')) { let [subdomain, path] = LibreTexts.parseURL(); let token = LibreTexts.getKeys.keys[subdomain]; url.headers = Object.assign(url.headers || {}, {'x-deki-token':token}); } else if (typeof url === 'string' && url.includes('.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files')){ let [subdomain, path] = LibreTexts.parseURL(); let token = LibreTexts.getKeys.keys[subdomain]; options.headers = Object.assign(options.headers || {}, {'x-deki-token':token}); } return $.ajaxOld(url, options); } } }); /*document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){ let tagsString = document.getElementById("pageTagsHolder").innerText; if (!tagsString || !tagsString.includes('"article:topic"')) return false; let html = $('.mt-content-container').html(); let replaceCounter = {}; let title = document.getElementById('title').innerText; if(title.match(/^[0-9.A-z]*?: /)) title = title.match(/^[0-9.A-z]*?(?=: )/)[0]; else title =''; let result = html.replace(/\(\(autonum:(.*?)\)\)/g, function(match, p1, p2, p3, offset, string){ let count = 1; if(replaceCounter[p1]) count = ++replaceCounter[p1]; else replaceCounter[p1] = 1; return `${p1} ${(title ? `${title}.`:'')}${count}`; }); if(result !== html) $('.mt-content-container').html(result); });*//*]]>*/ Contributed by Jim ClarkFormer Head of Chemistry and Head of Science at Truro School in Cornwall The Absorbance of a SolutionThe Beer-Lambert LawThe Importance of ConcentrationThe importance of the container shapeMolar AbsorptivityContributors and Attributions The Beer-Lambert law relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is traveling. This page takes a brief look at the Beer-Lambert Law and explains the use of the terms absorbance and molar absorptivity relating to UV-visible absorption spectrometry. The Absorbance of a Solution For each wavelength of light passing through the spectrometer, the intensity of the light passing through the reference cell is measured. This is usually referred to as \(I_o\) - that's \(I\) for Intensity. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Light absorbed by sample in a cuvette The intensity of the light passing through the sample cell is also measured for that wavelength - given the symbol, \(I\). If \(I\) is less than \(I_o\), then the sample has absorbed some of the light (neglecting reflection of light off the cuvette surface). A simple bit of math is then done in the computer to convert this into something called the absorbance of the sample - given the symbol, \(A\). The absorbance of a transition depends on two external assumptions. The absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration (\(c\)) of the solution of the sample used in the experiment. The absorbance is directly proportional to the length of the light path (\(l\)), which is equal to the width of the cuvette. Assumption one relates the absorbance to concentration and can be expressed as \[A \propto c \label{1}\] The absorbance (\(A\)) is defined via the incident intensity \(I_o\) and transmitted intensity \(I\) by \[ A=\log_{10} \left( \dfrac{I_o}{I} \right) \label{2}\] Assumption two can be expressed as \[A \propto l \label{3}\] Combining Equations \(\ref{1}\) and \(\ref{3}\): \[A \propto cl \label{4}\] This proportionality can be converted into an equality by including a proportionality constant (\(\epsilon\)). \[A = \epsilon c l \label{5}\] This formula is the common form of the Beer-Lambert Law, although it can be also written in terms of intensities: \[ A=\log_{10} \left( \dfrac{I_o}{I} \right) = \epsilon l c \label{6} \] The constant \(\epsilon\) is called molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient and is a measure of the probability of the electronic transition. On most of the diagrams you will come across, the absorbance ranges from 0 to 1, but it can go higher than that. An absorbance of 0 at some wavelength means that no light of that particular wavelength has been absorbed. The intensities of the sample and reference beam are both the same, so the ratio \(I_o/I\) is 1 and the \(\log_{10}\) of 1 is zero. Example \(\PageIndex{1}\) In a sample with an absorbance of 1 at a specific wavelength, what is the relative amount of light that was absorbed by the sample? Solution This question does not need Beer-Lambert Law (Equation \(\ref{5}\)) to solve, but only the definition of absorbance (Equation \(\ref{2}\)) \[ A=\log_{10} \left( \dfrac{I_o}{I} \right)\nonumber\] The relative loss of intensity is \[\dfrac{I-I_o}{I_o} = 1- \dfrac{I}{I_o}\nonumber\] Equation \(\ref{2}\) can be rearranged using the properties of logarithms to solved for the relative loss of intensity: \[ 10^A= \dfrac{I_o}{I}\nonumber\] \[ 10^{-A}= \dfrac{I}{I_o}\nonumber\] \[ 1-10^{-A}= 1- \dfrac{I}{I_o}\nonumber \] Substituting in \(A=1\) \[ 1- \dfrac{I}{I_o}= 1-10^{-1} = 1- \dfrac{1}{10} = 0.9\nonumber\] Hence 90% of the light at that wavelength has been absorbed and that the transmitted intensity is 10% of the incident intensity. To confirm, substituting these values into Equation \(\ref{2}\) to get the absorbance back: \[\dfrac{I_o}{I} = \dfrac{100}{10} =10 \label{7a}\] and \[\log_{10} 10 = 1 \label{7b}\] The Beer-Lambert Law You will find that various different symbols are given for some of the terms in the equation - particularly for the concentration and the solution length. The Greek letter epsilon in these equations is called the molar absorptivity - or sometimes the molar absorption coefficient. The larger the molar absorptivity, the more probable the electronic transition. In uv spectroscopy, the concentration of the sample solution is measured in mol L-1 and the length of the light path in cm. Thus, given that absorbance is unitless, the units of molar absorptivity are L mol-1 cm-1. However, since the units of molar absorptivity is always the above, it is customarily reported without units. Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): Guanosine Guanosine has a maximum absorbance of 275 nm. \(\epsilon_{275} = 8400 M^{-1} cm^{-1}\) and the path length is 1 cm. Using a spectrophotometer, you find the that \(A_{275}= 0.70\). What is the concentration of guanosine? Solution To solve this problem, you must use Beer's Law. \[A = \epsilon lc \] 0.70 = (8400 M-1 cm-1)(1 cm)(\(c\)) Next, divide both side by [(8400 M-1 cm-1)(1 cm)] \(c\) = 8.33x10-5 mol/L Example \(\PageIndex{3}\) There is a substance in a solution (4 g/liter). The length of cuvette is 2 cm and only 50% of the certain light beam is transmitted. What is the extinction coefficient? Solution Using Beer-Lambert Law, we can compute the absorption coefficient. Thus, \(- \log \left(\dfrac{I_t}{I_o} \right) = - \log(\dfrac{0.5}{1.0}) = A = {8} \epsilon\) Then we obtain that \(\epsilon\) = 0.0376 Example \(\PageIndex{4}\) In Example 3 above, what is the molar absorption coefficient if the molecular weight is 100? Solution It can simply obtained by multiplying the absorption coefficient by the molecular weight. Thus, \(\epsilon\) = 0.0376 x 100 = 3.76 L·mol-1·cm-1 The Importance of Concentration The proportion of the light absorbed will depend on how many molecules it interacts with. Suppose you have got a strongly colored organic dye. If it is in a reasonably concentrated solution, it will have a very high absorbance because there are lots of molecules to interact with the light. However, in an incredibly dilute solution, it may be very difficult to see that it is colored at all. The absorbance is going to be very low. Suppose then that you wanted to compare this dye with a different compound. Unless you took care to make allowance for the concentration, you couldn't make any sensible comparisons about which one absorbed the most light. Example \(\PageIndex{4}\) In Example \(\PageIndex{3}\) above, how much is the beam of light is transmitted when 8 g/liter ? Solution Since we know \(\epsilon\), we can calculate the transmission using Beer-Lambert Law. Thus, \(log(1) - log(I_t) = 0 - log(I_t)\) = 0.0376 x 8 x 2 = 0.6016 \(log(I_t)\) = -0.6016 Therefore, \(I_t\) = 0.2503 = 25% Example \(\PageIndex{5}\) The absorption coefficient of a glycogen-iodine complex is 0.20 at light of 450 nm. What is the concentration when the transmission is 40 % in a cuvette of 2 cm? Solution It can also be solved using Beer-Lambert Law. Therefore, \[- \log(I_t) = - \log_{10}(0.4) = 0.20 \times c \times 2\] Then \(c\) = 0.9948 The importance of the container shape Suppose this time that you had a very dilute solution of the dye in a cube-shaped container so that the light traveled 1 cm through it. The absorbance is not likely to be very high. On the other hand, suppose you passed the light through a tube 100 cm long containing the same solution. More light would be absorbed because it interacts with more molecules. Again, if you want to draw sensible comparisons between solutions, you have to allow for the length of the solution the light is passing through. Both concentration and solution length are allowed for in the Beer-Lambert Law. Molar Absorptivity The Beer-Lambert law (Equation \(\ref{5}\)) can be rearranged to obtain an expression for \(\epsilon\) (the molar absorptivity): \[ \epsilon = \dfrac{A}{lc} \label{8}\] Remember that the absorbance of a solution will vary as the concentration or the size of the container varies. Molar absorptivity compensates for this by dividing by both the concentration and the length of the solution that the light passes through. Essentially, it works out a value for what the absorbance would be under a standard set of conditions - the light traveling 1 cm through a solution of 1 mol dm-3. That means that you can then make comparisons between one compound and another without having to worry about the concentration or solution length. Values for molar absorptivity can vary hugely. For example, ethanal has two absorption peaks in its UV-visible spectrum - both in the ultra-violet. One of these corresponds to an electron being promoted from a lone pair on the oxygen into a pi anti-bonding orbital; the other from a \(\pi\) bonding orbital into a \(\pi\) anti-bonding orbital. Table 1 gives values for the molar absorptivity of a solution of ethanal in hexane. Notice that there are no units given for absorptivity. That's quite common since it assumes the length is in cm and the concentration is mol dm-3, the units are mol-1 dm3 cm-1. Table\(\PageIndex{1}\) electron jump wavelength of maximum absorption (nm) molar absorptivity lone pair to \(\pi\) anti-bonding orbital 290 15 \(\pi\) bonding to \(\pi\) anti-bonding orbital 180 10,000 The ethanal obviously absorbs much more strongly at 180 nm than it does at 290 nm. (Although, in fact, the 180 nm absorption peak is outside the range of most spectrometers.) You may come across diagrams of absorption spectra plotting absorptivity on the vertical axis rather than absorbance. However, if you look at the figures above and the scales that are going to be involved, you aren't really going to be able to spot the absorption at 290 nm. It will be a tiny little peak compared to the one at 180 nm. To get around this, you may also come across diagrams in which the vertical axis is plotted as log10(molar absorptivity). If you take the logs of the two numbers in the table, 15 becomes 1.18, while 10,000 becomes 4. That makes it possible to plot both values easily, but produces strangely squashed-looking spectra! Contributors and Attributions Jim Clark (Chemguide.co.uk) Gamini Gunawardena from the OChemPal site (Utah Valley University) /*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ var front = "auto"; if(front=="auto"){ front = "The Beer-Lambert Law"; if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0]; if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.replace(/_/g," "); MathJaxConfig = { TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "all", formatNumber: function (n) { if(false){ return front + (Number(n)+false); } else{return front + n; } } }, macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, Macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } } } }; MathJax.Hub.Config(MathJaxConfig); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End", ()=>{if(activateBeeLine)activateBeeLine()}); /*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('load', function(){$('iframe').iFrameResize({warningTimeout:0, scrolling: 'omit'});})/*]]>*/ Back to top Electromagnetic Radiation Using UV-visible Absorption Spectroscopy Recommended articles There are no recommended articles. 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He laid down his weary head in the green grass, death closing those eyes that had marveled at their lord’s beauty.

In his tower overlooking the river Neckar, Hölderlin had a piano that he sometimes played so hard he broke the keys. But there were quiet days when he would just play and tilt back his head and sing. Those who heard said they could not tell, though they listened, what language it was.

The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand

The essential conditions for the existence and for the sway of the bourgeois class is the formation and augmentation of capital; the condition for capital is wage-labour. Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the labourers. The advance of industry, whose involuntary promoter is the bourgeoisie, replaces the isolation of the labourers, due to competition, by the revolutionary combination, due to association. The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable.

How many of you remember the first thing that the Declaration of Independence said? It said: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that there are certain inalienable rights for the people, and among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;” and it said further, “We hold the view that all men are created equal.”

Those are the things we propose to do. “Every Man a King.” Every man to eat when there is something to eat; all to wear something when there is something to wear. That makes us all a sovereign.

ECONOMICREASONINGANDTHEETHICSorPOLICY45healthprogram.Theyaredirectlyinvolvedindecisionsfortrafficlights,airportsafety,medicalresearch,fireandCoastGuardprotec-tion,andthesafetyofgovernmentemployees.Theyareimplicitlyinvolvedinregulationforoccupationalsafetyorsafewatersupplies,inbuildingcodesandspeedlaws,evenhelmetsformotorcyclistsbecausesomebodyhastopaythecosts.Itischaracteristicofpolicymakers,especiallyatthefederallevel,thattheyusuallythinkofthemselvesasmakingdecisionsthataffectothers,notthemselves.Hurricaneandtornadowarningsareforthoselivingwherehurricanesandtornadosstrike;minesafetyisaresponsibilityoflegislatorsandofficialsabovegroundconcerningthelivesofpeoplewhoworkunderground.Policiestowardthesenile,thecomatose,theparalyzedandtheterminallyillaredeliberatedbypeoplewhoarenoneoftheabove.Occasionallythelegislatorde-batinga55-milespeedlimitpausestothinkwhetherthebenefitsinsafetytohisownfamilywillbeworththeaddeddrivingtime,butifheorsheisconscientiouseventhatcalculationmaybesurrep-titious.Thesituationisdifferentwhenasmallcommunityconsidersamobilecardiacunitoranewfiretruck.Thequestionthenisnotwhatweoughttospendtosavesomeoneelse'slifebutwhatwecanaffordtomakeourlivessafer.

She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, exceptwhen a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleepcontinues to sob in its dream

he will crush[j] your head,(BL)    and you will strike his heel.”

If we can identify those animals early or breed to eliminate them, we can potentially reduce the stress of the whole mob.

Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us liftedsomething from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils,we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair

690 he went forth lightening continually, and the bolts close together with thunder and lightning flew duly from his sturdy hand, whirling a sacred flash

But by himself, from his head, he produced glancing-eyed Tritonis [Athena], 925 fierce, strife-stirring, army-leading, unsubdued, and awesome, to whom dins, and wars, and battle are a delight.

could I please not use fish sauce. I told him there was no way to make it without fish sauce. He said that fish sauce upset his stomach, which I took to mean turned his stomach. My grad-school friend asked that I not use canola oil but olive oil instead. I tried to explain that olive oil was not used in Thai cooking, and that the two oils cook differently in addition to tasting quite different. She said something about her holistic doctor. Some girl, who was trying not to get pregnant for the fourth time by douching with lavender oil, asked that I not use chicken because she was vegetarian. Another guy asked that I not use egg because he was vegan, although I watched him and the vegetarian both drizzle fish sauce onto their noodles. Someone’s boyfriend had just finished shaving his head and was walking around in a skirt; he told me that he had a Thai girlfriend once who was very sexy and

and send axons peripherally that terminate in sen-sory endings in skeletal muscles. (The ganglia that serve this same function for much of the head and neck are called cra-nial nerve ganglia; see the Appendix.) The central axons of these sensory neurons enter the spinal cord, where they terminate on a variety of central neurons concerned with the regulation of muscle tone—most obviously on the motor neurons that determine the activity of the related muscles. The motor neurons in the circuits are the efferent neurons, one group projecting to the flexor muscles in the limb, and the other to extensor muscles. Spinal cord interneurons are the third element of the circuit. The interneurons receive synaptic contacts from sensory afferent neurons and make synapses on the efferent motor neurons that project to the flexor muscles; thus, they are capable of modulating the in-put–output linkage.

That my disports corrupt and taint my business, Let housewives make a skillet of my helm, And all indign and base adversities Make head against my estimation.

s." As an example, many urban public schools have incorporated diversity programs without actually consulting the "under- represented" groups these programs are intended to serve. Teams of researchers are brought in to give suggestions as to what steps schools should make to give voice to students of c

What a strange thing that which men callpleasure seems to be, and how astonishing the relation it has with whatis thought to be its opposite, namely pain! A man cannot have both atthe same time. Yet ifhe pursues and catches the one, he is almostalways bound to catch the other also, like two creatures with one head.

Even now and 3,000 miles away, I can see my mother spic-ing the ground beef, pork, and venjson with chile. My mouth salivates at the thought of the hot steaming tamales I would be eating ifI were home.

I remember being caught speaking Spanish at recess -that was good for three licks on the knuckles with a sharp rul

Zeus, son of Cronos

Charisse counts each day they’re apart, and that was day No. 33. Another month has since passed, and there could still be months to go before they are at home together again. Driving home, Charisse had to pull over soon after she turned onto the road leading away from the complex. She sat in a parking lot, sobbing. “It just doesn’t make any sense,” she said. She shook her head as tears dampened the disposable blue face mask pulled down to her chin. “Every day I go to bed thinking, and wake up thinking, ‘How is this a better situation for her?’”

A girl is freezing in a telephone booth, huddled in her flimsy coat, her face stained by tears and smeared with lipstick.

The power of a decision-maker may be measured roughly by the number of people which his decisions potentially affect, weighted by some measure of the effect itself. Thus the head of a state is powerful, meaning that his deci­sions affect the lives of millions of people; the ordinary person is not powerful, for his deci­sions affect only himself and the lives of a few people around him.

Hippocrates, who observed that patients with head injuries haddeficits affecting the side of the body opposite to the side of the injury

But if the greater part was already born,

Once the head of the child has come out, the child may not be harmed because it is considered as fully born, and one life may not be taken to save another.

Once the head of the child has come out, the child may not be harmed because it is considered as fully born, and one life may not be taken to save another

And for so long I have wanted to escape into the Dream, to fold my country over my head like a blanket. But this has never been an option because the Dream rests on our backs, the bedding made from our bodies.

claims must be opinions, since they are clearly not factual claims

In 1968, Clyde Ross and the Contract Buyers League were no longer simply seeking the protection of the law. They were seeking reparations.

But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese.

  In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into my tablet everything printed on that first page, down to the punctuation marks.

The dictionary had a picture of it, a long-tailed, long-eared, burrowing African mammal, which lives off termites caught by sticking out its tongue as an anteater does for ants.

  At one-hour intervals the night guards paced past every room. Each time I heard the approaching footsteps, I jumped into bed and feigned sleep. And as soon as the guard passed, I got back out of bed onto the floor area of that light-glow, where I would read for another fifty-eight minutes—until the guard approached again. That went on until three or four every morning. Three or four hours of sleep a night was enough for me. Often in the years in the streets I had slept less than that.

  In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting

In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting

Having worked with researchy vs more product/business driven teams, I found that the best results came when a researchy person took the time to understand the product domain, but many of them believe they're too good for business (in which case you should head back to academia).

My parents made many concessions to allow me to practice. One time I complained that the bedroom I shared was so noisy that I couldn't think. Thereafter, my brothers slept in a bed in the living room facing the street. I said I couldn't finish my rice; my head didn't work right when my stomach was too full. I left the table with half-finished bowls and nobody complained.

There are certain things you know you could’ve gotten away with saying in ’09 that you shouldn’t even formulate as a sentence in your head,” says Desus. “And if you watch our comedy, you’ll know that there’s certain jokes that we used to do that we don’t do anymore because as we’ve experienced the world and met different people, we’ve realised the humour hits different people and it hits differently.

increasingly efficient pathways connect these networks to the phonological and semantic areas of the cortex, freeing up other parts of the brain to put the words we read into sentences, stories, views of the worl

the advent of silent reading

... the reader was at last able to establish an unrestricted relationship with the book and the words. The words no longer needed to occupy the time required to pronounce them. They could exist in interior space, rushing on or barely begun, fully deciphered or only half-said, while the reader’s thoughts inspected them at leisure, drawing new notions from them, allowing comparisons from memory or from other books left open for simultaneous perusal. To read silently is to free your mind to reflect, to remember, to question and compare. The cognitive scientist Maryanne Wolf calls this freedom “the secret gift of time to think”:

, he was stunned to see him looking at a book and not saying anything.

Comprehension matters, but so does pleasure. In Proust and the Squid, Wolf, director of the Center for Reading and Language Research at Tufts University, observes that the brain’s limbic system, the seat of our emotions, comes into play as we learn to read fluently; our feelings of pleasure, disgust, horror and excitement guide our attention to the stories we can’t put down. Novelists have known this for a long time, and digital writers know it, too. It’s no coincidence that many of the best early digital narratives took the form of games, in which the reader traverses an imaginary world while solving puzzles, sometimes fiendishly difficult ones. Considered in terms of cognitive load, these texts are head-bangingly difficult; considered in terms of pleasure, they’re hard to beat.

helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories.

A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the unfortunate vessel was seen a signal, “Water, water; we die of thirst!” The answer from the friendly vessel at once came back, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” A second time the signal, “Water, water; send us water!” ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” And a third and fourth signal for water was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” The captain of the distressed vessel, at last heading the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of the Amazon River. To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbour, I would say: “Cast down your bucket where you are” — cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded. Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. And in this connection it is well to bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called to bear, when it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given a man’s chance in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws [sic] of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities. To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. … The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized [sic]. It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house. …   W.E.B. DuBois, a leading black intellectual and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), agitated against discrimination and authored several noteworthy pieces on the black experience in the United States. The following, from his seminal, The Souls of Black Folk, argues against Booker T. Washington’s calls for compromise. Easily the most striking thing in history of the American Negro since 1876 is the ascendancy of Mr. Booker T. Washington. … Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission; but adjustment at such a peculiar time as to make his programme unique. This is an age of unusual economic development, and Mr. Washington’s programme naturally takes an economic cast, becoming a gospel of Work and Money to such an extent as apparently almost completely to overshadow the higher aims of life. Moreover, this is an age when the more advanced races are coming in closer contact with the less developed races, and the race-feeling is therefore intensified; and Mr. Washington’s programme practically accepts the alleged inferiority of the Negro races. Again, in our own land, the reaction from the sentiment of war time has given impetus to race-prejudice against Negroes, and Mr. Washington withdraws many of the high demands of Negroes as men and American citizens. In other periods of intensified prejudice all the Negro’s tendency to self-assertion has been called forth; at this period a policy of submission is advocated. In the history of nearly all other races and peoples the doctrine preached at such crises has been that manly self-respect is worth more than lands and houses, and that a people who voluntarily surrender such respect, or cease striving for it, are not worth civilizing. In answer to this, it has been claimed that the Negro can survive only through submission. Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things, — First, political power, Second, insistence on civil rights, Third, higher education of Negro youth,– and concentrate all of their energies on industrial education, the accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South. This policy has been courageously and insistently advocated for over fifteen years, and has been triumphant for perhaps ten years. As a result of this tender of the palm-beach, what has been the return? In these years there have occurred: The disfranchisement of the Negro The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro. The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the Negro. These movements are not, to be sure, direct results of Mr. Washington’s teachings; but his propaganda has, without a shadow of doubt, helped their speedier accomplishment. The question then comes: Is it possible, and probable, that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meagre chance for developing their exceptional men? If history and reason give any distinct answer to these questions, it is an emphatic No. 

While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen.

Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. DuBois on Black Progress (1895, 1903) Booker T. Washington, born enslaved in Virginia in 1856, founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881 and became a leading advocate of African American progress. Introduced as “a representative of Negro enterprise and Negro civilization,” Washington delivered the following remarks, sometimes called the “Atlanta Compromise” speech, at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta in 1895. … A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the unfortunate vessel was seen a signal, “Water, water; we die of thirst!” The answer from the friendly vessel at once came back, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” A second time the signal, “Water, water; send us water!” ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” And a third and fourth signal for water was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” The captain of the distressed vessel, at last heading the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of the Amazon River. To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbour, I would say: “Cast down your bucket where you are” — cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded. Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. And in this connection it is well to bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called to bear, when it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given a man’s chance in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws [sic] of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities. To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. … The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized [sic]. It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house. …   W.E.B. DuBois, a leading black intellectual and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), agitated against discrimination and authored several noteworthy pieces on the black experience in the United States. The following, from his seminal, The Souls of Black Folk, argues against Booker T. Washington’s calls for compromise. Easily the most striking thing in history of the American Negro since 1876 is the ascendancy of Mr. Booker T. Washington. … Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission; but adjustment at such a peculiar time as to make his programme unique. This is an age of unusual economic development, and Mr. Washington’s programme naturally takes an economic cast, becoming a gospel of Work and Money to such an extent as apparently almost completely to overshadow the higher aims of life. Moreover, this is an age when the more advanced races are coming in closer contact with the less developed races, and the race-feeling is therefore intensified; and Mr. Washington’s programme practically accepts the alleged inferiority of the Negro races. Again, in our own land, the reaction from the sentiment of war time has given impetus to race-prejudice against Negroes, and Mr. Washington withdraws many of the high demands of Negroes as men and American citizens. In other periods of intensified prejudice all the Negro’s tendency to self-assertion has been called forth; at this period a policy of submission is advocated. In the history of nearly all other races and peoples the doctrine preached at such crises has been that manly self-respect is worth more than lands and houses, and that a people who voluntarily surrender such respect, or cease striving for it, are not worth civilizing. In answer to this, it has been claimed that the Negro can survive only through submission. Mr. Washington distinctly asks that black people give up, at least for the present, three things, — First, political power, Second, insistence on civil rights, Third, higher education of Negro youth,– and concentrate all of their energies on industrial education, the accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South. This policy has been courageously and insistently advocated for over fifteen years, and has been triumphant for perhaps ten years. As a result of this tender of the palm-beach, what has been the return? In these years there have occurred: The disfranchisement of the Negro The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro. The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the Negro. These movements are not, to be sure, direct results of Mr. Washington’s teachings; but his propaganda has, without a shadow of doubt, helped their speedier accomplishment. The question then comes: Is it possible, and probable, that nine millions of men can make effective progress in economic lines if they are deprived of political rights, made a servile caste, and allowed only the most meagre chance for developing their exceptional men? If history and reason give any distinct answer to these questions, it is an emphatic No.    [Sources: Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery, Chapter XIV; W.E.B. DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches.] ← 20. The Progressive Era Jane Addams, “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements” (1892) → var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-25687043-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.WB_wombat_location.protocol ? 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o those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.

To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.

Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen.

No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities.

Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories.

To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.

A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the unfortunate vessel was seen a signal, “Water, water; we die of thirst!” The answer from the friendly vessel at once came back, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” A second time the signal, “Water, water; send us water!” ran up from the distressed vessel, and was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” And a third and fourth signal for water was answered, “Cast down your bucket where you are.” The captain of the distressed vessel, at last heading the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of the Amazon River. To those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbour, I would say: “Cast down your bucket where you are” — cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded. Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. And in this connection it is well to bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called to bear, when it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given a man’s chance in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws [sic] of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities. To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. … The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized [sic]. It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercises of these privileges. The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house.

Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen.

Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen

Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen.

To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.

Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories.

Cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service, and in the professions. And in this connection it is well to bear in mind that whatever other sins the South may be called to bear, when it comes to business, pure and simple, it is in the South that the Negro is given a man’s chance in the commercial world, and in nothing is this Exposition more eloquent than in emphasizing this chance. Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws [sic] of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities. To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits of the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race: “Cast down your bucket where you are.” Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded [sic] your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defence of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress.

He had been saying to himself—“It is nothing but the wind in the chimney—it is only a mouse crossing the floor,” or “It is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp.”

If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned, and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs.

For Bardolph, he is white-livered andred-faced; by the means whereof a' faces it out, butfights not. For Pistol, he hath a killing tongueand a quiet sword; by the means whereof a' breakswords, and keeps whole weapons. For Nym, he hathheard that men of few words are the best men; andtherefore he scorns to say his prayers, lest a'should be thought a coward: but his few bad wordsare matched with as few good deeds; for a' neverbroke any man's head but his own, and that wasagainst a post when he was drunk

Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;

Into a thousand parts divide on man,And make imaginary puissance;Think when we talk of horses, that you see themPrinting their proud hoofs i' the receiving earth;

Marlowe stages the collision between geographies newand old.5

Enough! enough! enough!Somehow I have been stunn'd. Stand back!Give me a little time beyond my cuff'd head, slumbers, dreams,gaping,I discover myself on the verge of a usual mistake.That I could forget the mockers and insults!That I could forget the trickling tears and the blows of the bludg-eons and hammers!That I could look with a separate look on my own crucifixion and bloody crowning.

So let me be as honest and clear as I possibly can. Donald Trump is the wrong president for our country. He has had more than enough time to prove that he can do the job, but he is clearly in over his head. He cannot meet this moment. He simply cannot be who we need him to be for us. It is what it is.

racial minorities have long operated in tension with the well-educated, cosmopolitan wing of the party

In so far as the human computer doescalculations in his head a part of the store will correspond to his memory.The executive unit is the part which carries out the various individual oper-ations involved in a calculation.

Walker’s sphinx is a hybrid of two distinct racist stereotypes of the black female: She has the head of a kerchief-wearing black female, referencing the mythic caretaker of the domestic needs of white families, especially the raising and care of their children, but her body is a veritable caricature of the overly sexualized black woman, with prominent breasts, enormous buttocks, and protruding vulva that is quite visible from the back. If this evocation of both caregiver and sex object

α particles collided with the dense, positively charged nuclei in either a glancing fashion, resulting in large deflections, or almost head-on, causing them to be reflected straight back at the source.

A black market has developed in Russia for an antiviral HIV drug explored as a possible treatment for COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus, according to sellers, HIV activists and the head of the drug’s main Russian producer.

V. THE MASTER OF FOOT IN THE PRESENCE

Qin Shi Huang

The self-criticism of Modernism grows out of, but is not the same thing as, the criticism of the Enlightenment.

monarchy

For if a person is imagined lying back with outstretch arms and feet within a circle whose center is at the navel, the fingers and toes will trace the circumference of this circle as they move about. But to whatever extent a circular scheme may be present in the body, a square design may also be discerned there. For if we measure from the soles of the feet to the crown of the head, and this measurement is compared with that of the outstretched hands, one discovers that this breadth equals the height, just as in areas which have been squared off by use of the set square.

These head-to-head struggles to acquire high-lifetime value customers by pushing more of that lifetime value to later in the customer relationship tend to permanently damage the economics of the business. You don’t just expand into a more price-sensitive customer cohort, you literally make your existing customers price-sensitive.

The last Sunday I spent with my father ended with a shoebox full of unfamiliarfaces--strangers and family I’d met once before but would likely never meet again. My fathershook his head and chuckled to himself as he pulled out a memory. He held it out to me. Ayellowed photo of my grandfather, standing next to a man I’d never seen before. “Do you knowwho this is?” asked my father.

And I saw Sisyphus too, bound to his own torture, grappling his monstrous boulder with both arms working, heaving, hands struggling, legs driving, he kept on thrusting the rock uphill toward the brink, but just as it teetered, set to topple over— time and again the immense weight of the thing would wheel it back and the ruthless boulder would bound and tumble down to the plain again— so once again he would heave, would struggle to thrust it up, sweat drenching his body, dust swirling above his head.

"Because you have done this, cursed are you above all livestock and above all beasts of the field;on your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life. 15I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring;he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel."

Then he stood up to welcome Cortés; he came forward, bowed his head low and addressed him in these words: “Our lord, you are weary. The journey has tired you, but now you have arrived on the earth. You have come to your city, Mexico. You have come here to sit on your throne, to sit under its canopy.

Her breath crowded down under her ribs and grew into a monstrous frightening shape with cutting edges; it bored up into her head, and the agony was unbelievable: Yes, John, get the Doctor now, no more talk, my time has come.

For sixty years she had prayed against remembering him and against losing her soul in the deep pit of hell, and now the two things were mingled in one and the thought of him was a smoky cloud from hell that moved and crept in her head when she had just got rid of Doctor Harry and was trying to rest a minute.

modern neurosurgeons still use man-ual drills, which allow them more control during theoperation. The second surgical procedure drains internalbleeding after a blow to the head. With a special drill bit,the surgeon makes a hole over the site of the bleed. Thenthe surgeon screws a precisely machined bolt into the skull,allowing excessive blood to drain from within the cranium.This procedure reduces the intracranial pressure that is amajor cause of death after a head injury



The second, penned by a future head of the Army Corps of Engineers, was more palatable at a time when wetlands were deemed wasteland.

bangingtheir helmets on sun