As a result, their focus inevitably veers fromthe output of their work (solving a client’s problem) to its zmput (pilingup as many hours as possible). If the rewards come from time, thentime is what firms will get.
this practice takes the effort away from quality work into simply logging a bunch of hours which creates inefficiency
ustaboutallthegoodideashereatGooglehavebubbled up from 20 percent time.”
an addition to my last annotation, autonomy turns personal curiosity into a breeding ground for products that are deemed important
staff could spend up to 15 percent of their time on projects of theirchoosing. The initiative felt so counter to the mores of Motivation2.0, so seemingly illicit, that inside the company, it was known asthe “bootlegging policy.” And yet it worked. These walled gardensof autonomy soon became fertile fields for a harvest of innovations—including Post-it notes.
from autonomy and the ability to self express yourself in the work place, things like Post-it notes were created (blooms new inovation)
whenpeoplehaveautonomyoverthe fourT’s:theirtask, their time, their technique, and their team.
people need control over different parts of themselves to make autonomy work
Over the years, this odd little exercise hasproduced an array of software fixes that might otherwise never haveemerged.
giving freedom to the employees was incredibly positive as it returned with new innovations that benefit a certain thing
The businesses that offered autonomy grew atfour times the rate of the control-oriented firms and had one-thirdthe turnover.‘
freedom isn't just for self pleasure and to make employees happier, it improves their performance as well as the overall quality of the company
utonomy, as they see it, is different from independence. It’s notthe rugged, go-it-alone, rely-on-nobody individualism of the Ameri-can cowboy. It means acting with choice—which means we can beboth autonomous and happily interdependent with others.
a person can still be autonomous whilst working with others
we're passive and inert, that’s not because it’s our nature.It’s because something flipped our default setting.
passivity doesn't come naturally, it is something that is instilled within us through our environment
Ismanagement,asit’scurrentlyconstituted,outof syncwithhumannatureitself?
humans by nature tend to be free-spirited and do whatever they want, whenever they want - so I would think yes
But in his view, the team was accom-plishing more under this new arrangement. One reason: They werefocused on the work itself rather than on whether someone wouldcall them a slacker for leaving at three P.M. to watch a daughter’s soc-cer game.
leveraging freedom within the workers produced more investment in the quality of their work.
that of whatwe usually call “secularization” in the modern West.
Secularization is the historical and social process by which religion loses its cultural, social and political significance. He believes that Christianity is losing much of the influence that it used to hold in the Modern West.
Z = ∑ i = 1 V exp ( z i )
Z是softmax的分母项，L_cross是体现不同token的区分程度，但是softmax越大越不稳定，因此Lz_loss加了一个约束项、下面的z(x)是笔误，应该改成Z接近1。 在训练过程中softmax的分母 Z会一起被加到损失中，训练平稳softmax的分母，使整个训练更平稳。
softmax分分母Z接近1，softmax值就接近e^zi原值了，这样训练会更平稳是吗。如果小于1，会放大分子，大于1又会让softmax值很小
Understanding this transformation is vital not only for evaluating the fiscal and environmental costs of data center and energy expansion—its effects on tax bases, schools, and grids—but also for confronting a larger question: What role can planning play when economic competitiveness and national security increasingly define the purposes of spatial governance?
Data Centers are affecting many aspects of citizens daily lives. Who do we see benefit from these developments?
Inside these windowless facilities, thousands of servers consume electricity and water on the scale of small cities while employing only a few dozen workers. Fueled by billions in state subsidies and trillions in pro- jected investment, their growth is straining regional power grids, water systems, and fiscal frameworks
Data Centers put pressure on both local resources and government budgets. This also makes one question if locals are actually benefit from these data centers.
I was required to exchange chimeras of boundless grandeur for realities of little worth.
Victor is disappointed by the limited visions of modern science compared to ancient science.
Throughout history hysteria has been a sex-selective disorder, affecting only those of us with a uterus. These uteri were often thought to be the basis of a variety of health problems.
This just shows how little doctors understood about the female body.
Until 1980, however, hysteria was a formally studied psychological disorder that could be found in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
I didn’t know hysteria was officially considered a disorder for that long.
THE WASTE LAND
The original title of The Waste Land is so bizarre and does not seem related in the slightest. Firstly, the wasteland describes something lifeless and vacant. The other title, "He do the Police in Different Voices," decribes Police which are used to control groups of people. This shows a certain opposite nature of the two titles, as one describes a place with no life and the other one with so much life that they need police to control it.
In regards to citation 16 - Bouchemal et al. (2019), the main point of the article is extremely relevant but overlooked.
Bouchemal is cited here primarily in support of biochemical/genetic evaluation and the need to distinguish confirmed TMAU from other causes of malodor. However, the clinical findings of that study are also highly relevant to interpretation of the psychosocial results in the present cohort and ORS mistaken for TMAU.
In Bouchemal et al., the two participants who most clearly met the biochemical and genetic criteria for recessively inherited TMAU were children. Their malodor was confirmed by both parents and clinicians, urinary TMA was elevated, and they carried compound-heterozygous FMO3 variants. Nevertheless, both attended normal schools, had no reported psychological problems, and the authors described the level of complaint and discomfort as low for the children and their families.
The contrast with the 11 adult participants in the same study was striking. All complained of malodor, but clinicians could not confirm an unpleasant odor in any of them, and urinary TMA levels were within the normal control range in all adults. All 11 had a history of psychiatric conditions, including depressive symptoms in six. Ten of the 11 believed they had malodor partly because they interpreted remarks or behaviour of other people as evidence of it—for example, interpreting someone leaving the room as being caused by their odor. The reported complaint and functional impact was extremely high in this adult group than in the two metabolically confirmed children. All were implied to have Olfactory Reference Syndrome.
Clearly, a series containing only two confirmed children cannot establish that genuine TMAU generally has little psychosocial impact. Age, family support, disease severity and other factors could readily explain their comparatively favourable outcome. Nor do the adult findings prove that every person with an unconfirmed odor complaint has olfactory reference disorder (ORD/ORS). Bouchemal et al. themselves nevertheless emphasize the importance of psychiatric differential diagnosis, and describe ORS as an important consideration in people presenting with subjective malodor.
Much of the manuscript's main contribution is the very high reported psychological and functional burden attributed to TMAU, yet the current cohort combines confirmed, clinically suspected and self-identified cases, and a large majority lack an official diagnosis or clear medical explanation. The Bouchemal findings demonstrate why this distinction may materially affect interpretation: in their small specialist cohort, the greatest psychosocial burden occurred in adults whose metabolic TMAU diagnosis was not established, whereas the two participants with the clearest objective TMAU findings happened to report comparatively little psychosocial impairment.
It would strengthen the manuscript if the authors discussed this aspect of reference 16 explicitly. Ideally, the paper should compare psychosocial outcomes by diagnostic certainty, for example, biochemically/genetically confirmed TMAU, clinician-diagnosed/probable TMAU, untested self-identified cases, and participants with previous negative testing. Additionally, seperating out diagnosed and "clear medical explanation and probable TMAU" should also be done.
It would be much more compelling result if the psychological results of the differently diagnosed cohorts were shown.
it penetrated mountain passes, pouring through Cumber-land and Big Stone gaps into Tennessee and Kentucky, andsweeping around the foothills of the Blue Ridge into Alabama.Having passed the Appalachian barrier, it spread over theprairies of the Mississippi basin until it broke against the Rockies.But this on-rushing tide left quiet pools in the mountains of Vir-ginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Tennessee. There thefrontier has survived in practical isolation until this very day
Vincent describes Appalachia as a mountainous and isolated region where an older frontier way of life continued longer than it did in other parts of the country. His description shows how early writers viewed Appalachia as separated from modern American society, which also helped create stereotypes about Appalachian people.
a region that runs generally along either sideof the Appalachian Mountain chain in the eastern United States. The federal governmentdefines the region as stretching from southern New York state all the way down tonortheastern Mississippi. More than 400 counties comprise Appalachia (and several newones occasionally are added), as well as about 25 million people.
This shows that Appalachia is more than just one state or a small mountain area. It is a large region made up of many different communities and people. Berry also makes me think that Appalachia is not only a geographic place, but an identity that has been shaped by how outsiders have described the region over time.
my ___________________
In my community
many ___________
Countrius
my ___________________
Country
previous__________
Generation
do ____________
Individual
really_______
Social
your _____________
Favorite
my _______
Entrest
to ______________
Describe
You gave me hyacinths first a year ago; 'They called me the hyacinth girl.' —Yet when we came back, late, from the hyacinth garden, Your arms full, and your hair wet, I could not Speak, and my eyes failed, I was neither Living nor dead, and I knew nothing,
Eliot's original beginning of He Do the Police in Different Voices depicts the story of a party night around the town, where the narrator has many different stages of the night at a brothel, various clubs, and walking around the street. Both beginning sections tell narrative events, perhaps more so than the rest of the parts of the poem. The standout in the more recent version is the inclusion of German in the recent version. The lines translate to discuss Irish blood, and the blowing of the wind toward home, much like in the original when the narrator talks about the drunk people at the bar laughing and singing about being Irish. The poem was written at a very special time for Ireland, where the were fighting their war for independence, and forming a new country.
Additionally I am focusing on these lines about the hyacinth girl. In tonights reading, there is much more description of city life and living in the big city, whereas in these lines nature and flowers are more prominant as ways to woo women. In the brothel in the previous poem, women are shown as objects for men to enjoy while they are drunk and enjoying themselves, while here in this version there is more emphasis on wholesome relationships and courtship.
‘Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: Σίβυλλα τί θέλεις; respondebat illa: ἀποθανεῖν θέλω.’
I find it really interesting that this original epigraph was in reference to "Heart of Darkness", whose excerpt that we read specifically pertains to the action of death and the importance and lasting impression of someone's last few moments. Eliot's change to have it reference one suffering from a lack of death strikes me as somewhat relevant to the time and place he was writing in. Ovid's Metamorphoses and its reference to the Sybil of Cumae, I was particularly reminded of the plague that faces the greek immortals, one of constant stagnancy through the eons. In a more human scale, this might be likened to the strain of mental illnesses and by extension entrapment by one's own mind. I think that Eliot's choice more fittingly reflects the universal impacts of the war on humanity, those which reflect the Sybil's torment. It also lends itself nicely to a more general theme of reflection on some of the oldest recorded stories, traveling back to a text steeped in various religious beliefs and cultures. Not only are we drawn back, but Eliot then takes Ovid's story and uses its' lens to examine the present time. Other elements of the Metamorphoses also mimic aspects of war and recall the feeling of having one's society fail you. The class clash in the Metamorphoses excerpt can be perhaps an example of one way Eliot feels the systems prior to WW1 catastrophically failed society. There's also the gore of the pig's gutting upon a table meant for eating, a gross violation of the senses and death that one is unable to look away from which mirrors war.
I will show you fear in a handful of dust.
When comparing this version of the Waste Land to He Do the Police in Different Voices, it is obvious to the reader that this version is much darker and is more eery. This line as well as the opening line are blunt statements that induce a slight uneasiness. The later lines regarding the Tarot cards use the drowned Phoenician Sailor and the Hanged Man which are darker images. The original opening contrasts the final version because it introduces people and has a much warmer tone throughout which doesn't cause as much of a feeling of uneasiness.
‘Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: Σίβυλλα τί θέλεις; respondebat illa: ἀποθανεῖν θέλω.’
After reading the original title, "He do the Police in Different Voices," and Dickens's "Our Mutual Friend," I was surprised to find vast similarities between the two, most notably the transactionalization of humanity. As in our class discussion, we see this same theme in the current title: land plots once shared by the general public are divided and sold as one-time statements. This demonstrates the loss of human connection and community, in favor of capitalism and selfish financial gain. Just like in the original title, Eliot makes this societal critique with a more specific and literal example in his original title: a man not only enters a house of prostitution, but is rejected from it for not looking acceptable. This encounter not only shows society's cruel, superficial priorities, but also reveals the moral corruption embedded in everyday life. "Our Mutual Friend" also opens with a very similar scene: a couple is "shopping" for a child. Dickens manipulates what would be a very intimate moment, adoption, into yet another transactional, superficial business deal. Dickens even refers to the event as a "stock market," with prices rising and falling for children based on demand. In all three examples, humanity has been stripped of its fundamental moral values to prioritize selfish financial endeavors that reflect society and the growing economy of the time. Each turns what would once be a moment of sincere social connection and community into a transactional experience designed solely to benefit the one who controls it.
And when we were children, staying at the arch-duke’s,
The archduke in question is Ludwig of Austria, whose assassination was the catalyst for WWII. Additionally, the connection between the tale of the archduke (Larisch's autobiography) and the preface in Greek and Latin is that the "Sibyllam quidem Cumis" was a prophetess to Apollo. Apollo is the god of prophecy, and there is a lady who is a widow who accurately predicts the death of the archduke. The location where the first stanza is set is in Starnberg, more specifically, at Starnberg Lake, where the widow is waiting for someone to die in his place.
This essentially sets the tone for the entire poem, as death is an ever-present entity. Given the fact that the duke's death triggered WWII, for Eliot it is an important place to set up the poem. Marie's story is intentional, as the one life the widow was looking for ended up impacting a variety of people.
I. The Burial of the Dead
I was struck by the volume of changes between the opening of The Waste Land and the unpublished “He Who Do the Police in Different Voices.” Whereas The Waste Land immediately connects the poem to themes of decay, isolation, and the death of a landscape, the original title, taken from Charles Dickens’ Our Mutual Friend, signals a focus on humanity. The line by Dickens from which Eliot takes inspiration, reads, “You mightn’t think it, but Sloppy is a beautiful reader of a newspaper. He do the Police in different voices.” Sloppy, who was abandoned without a name as a child, is made out to be an awkward yet innocent foundling of Mrs. Higden. Although Mrs. Higden refers to Sloppy as a gentle soul, his upbringing and name refer to an unsanitized picture of society. Sloppy is derived from the noun slop, which translates to “mudhole” and “household liquid waste”. While Mrs. Higden uses slang, saying “He do the police,” Eliot corrects the grammar of the sentence, identifying Sloppy, or people like Sloppy, as the subject of the title. Not as different from the published, “The Waste Land” title as it may seem, “He Who Do the Police in Different Voices” identifies its subject as the waste people (for lack of a better term) rather than the waste land. The change in emphasis can also be observed in the contents of the first section of the draft versus the first section of the published edition. While the published version starts with, “April is the cruelest month” and goes on to describe the natural landscape, the first section of “He Who Do the Police in Different Voices” is written as a narrative, telling the story of a group of people going out for an evening. The focus of these sections has been shifted away from the human experience towards the natural world.
THE WASTE LAND
In my reading of the title and the three articles we were given, I found that each article addressed the connection between the death of the natural world and the loss of human life. Although all three articles reference the ties between the two different forms of life, The Golden Bough is most explicit in its description of the connection between human and nature-based prosperity, reading, “To them the principle of life and fertility, whether animal or vegetable, was one and indivisible.” The Golden Bough continues by explaining that through rituals humans expressed their belief in the power of human lives and deities over the cycles of the natural world. In Le Morte D’Arthur, however, the death of King Labor triggered the degradation of two kingdoms. Just as in The Golden Bough human actions act as a catalyst for the events of the natural world, but here principles of death govern the interaction rather than life. The idea that the interconnectedness of human life cycle and the life cycle of the natural world are innate suggests that the title of “The Waste Land” alludes to the decay of man as well as the environment.
fatality
He considers not studying modern science a reason for his tragedy...
a modern system of science had been introduced, which possessed much greater powers than the ancient, because the powers of the latter were chimerical, while those of the former were real and practical;
Ancient science: chimerical Modern science: real & practical
domestic circle I include Henry Clerval; for he was constantly with us
Bro's a brother from another mother
The violations harmed investors who ultimately bore the costs and burdens of a restatement and delayed financial reporting,"
This connects back to why financial statement analysis matters in the first place. Investors use things like profitability and other financial ratios to judge a company's performance. If the underlying numbers are wrong, the ratios calculated from them can also be misleading and cause investors to make poor decisions. The lecture describes ratio analysis as using financial ratios to assess company performance and identify areas that need improvement.
"Investors rely on public companies to be 100% truthful and accurate in their public statements, especially when it comes to their financials.
This stood out to me because our lecture explained that finance professionals use financial statements to make inferences about a company's future. If the information being reported is inaccurate, investors could make decisions based on a completely false picture of the company's performance.
But that may only be a way ofsaying that the day I raised my hand in class and spoke loudly to an entireroomful of faces, my childhood started to en
End of your childhood, but beginning of your new life.
But is anybody's gender necessary and universal? Or is it a complicated emergence that happens with each of us? Our deepest sense of self is also formed in time, and we can't always know in advance what that will be.
Question: The question of weather a person's gender identity is "necessary and universal" is a great one to ask when the answer always shows up differently. But this raises an open question regarding the legality of it as her previous arguments were relating to the rights we have in a democracy. If gender identity is open ended and emergent instead of being fixed doesn't that make it harder for legal institutions to accommodate it? or is the point that the institutions need to adopt more changes to accommodate more and increasing fluid gender identities?
The basic point was that one is not born a woman, but rather becomes one that the body is not a fact.She opened up the possibility of a difference between the sex here assigned and the sex You become.
Evidence: This line that serves a precursor to the author's thinking, supports her argument. It defends the argument that gender is not something that she "invented" but instead is something you become out of lived experience and knowledge. It also is a great way in which the author connects previous feminist work with their own work and proves that her thinking is absolutely not new and has already existed before.
And yet, at least in the U.S., we learned how to talk about black people differently. Or we talk about women differently. And sure, it was probably hard to learn how to use new language.
Point of Interest/ Criticism : Butler's comparison of discomfort with pronoun changes with how people learned to talk about other races differently suggests that linguistic discomfort in both of these situations is a normal and part of the process change. But this isn't how we usually define our past progress with race because comparing both struggles is a gross oversimplification of each of the struggles. In my opinion, it is impossible to equate these two struggles exactly and is just trying to use a more familiar example of linguistic change to make an unfamiliar example less threatening.
When Performative was first coined as a word, the philosopher J.L. Austin was trying to understand legal utterances.
Statement of interest: This way of defining being performative, "I declare you man and wife" is a great way of helping all types of people including critics understand how it works. It takes out the false understanding that you could only perform as a certain gender or something for yourself and introduces the idea of performing as an act that has real and material consequences. it clarifies an important concept of her work that many people tend to misread.
Sex is generally a category three that is assigned to infants that has importance within medical and legal worlds. Gender is a mix of cultural norms, historical formations, family influence, psychic realities, desires and wishes. And we have a say in that.
Sub- Argument: The author draws a clean line in the distinction between sex and gender and categorizes them using biology and societal understanding respectively. This clear distinction acknowledges the critics views on how biology creates a distinction among us naturally but also makes room for gender's more flexible traits that let people mix up their gender expressions and present however they want.
At this point, I'm less concerned about whose theory is right and whose theory is wrong because the assault on gender is also an assault on democracy.
Main Argument: Butler's stance in this line is clearly meant to take the argument from an argument about personal beliefs into a political debate. The arguments against being equated to an attack against democracy turns up the stakes on this debate. In my opinion, the author seems to have done this to connect the argument to questions of freedom and bodily anatomy that most of the time people have undisputable views on.
But that may only be a way ofsaying that the day I raised my hand in class and spoke loudly to an entireroomful of faces, my childhood started to en
End of your childhood, but beginning of your new life.
ateness and they trivialize the dilemma of the socially disadvantaged.My awkward childhood does not prove the necessity of bilingual educa-tion. My story discloses instead an essential myth of childhood—inevitablepain.
What a sad conclusion. Changed to learn, but what did you leave behind?
Thesocial and political advantages I enjoy as a man result from the day that I cameto believe that my name, indeed, is Rich-heard Road-ree-guess.
Hearing your name differently; your 'new name'.
Hearing a Spanish-speaking family walking behind me, Iturned to look. I smiled for an instant, before my glance found the Hispanic-looking faces of strangers in the crowd going by.
The pain that must have followed hearing others speak in your native language, but also the language you were forced to move away from.
By contrast, my father seemed reconciled to the new quiet.Though his English improved somewhat, he retired into silence. At dinner hespoke very little.
How sad! He can't even enjoy family dinners.
We remained a lov-ing family, but one greatly changed. No longer so close; no longer bound tightby the pleasing and troubling knowledge of our public separateness. Neithermy older brother nor sister rushed home after school anymore, Nor did l
Because you no longer had your own 'private' language to speak with each other?
At last, seven years old, I came to believe what had been technically truesince my birth: I was an American citizen
Interesting!
A10more and more confident speaker of English,
Awesome!
Only then did Idetermine to learn classroom English. Weeks after, it happened: One day inschool I raised my hand to volunteer an answer. I spoke out in a loud voice.And I did not think it remarkable when the entire class understood.
But then, such a difficult situation turned into motivation for success.
The scene was inevitable: One Saturday morning 1entered the kitchen where my parents were talking in Spanish. I did not real-ize that they were talking in Spanish however until, at the moment they sawme, I heard their u)ices change to speak English. Those gringo sounds theyuttered startled me. Pushed me away. In that moment of trivial misunderstand-ing and profound insight, I felt my throat twisted by unsounded grief. I turnedquickly and left the room. But I had no place to escape to with Spanish. (Thespell was broken.) My brother and sisters were speaking English in another par
How difficult that must have been! When even in your own household, you aren't 'allowed' to speak your own language and now you can't understand your family.
. Theodd truth is that my first-grade classmates could have become bilingual, in theconventional sense of that word, more easily than I.
Why is this? Were the other languages harder to learn because Spanish your native language?
I considered Spanish to be a private languag
Hmm. That is a very interesting perspective.
los gringos.
What is this?
hat they understood was that I needed to speak a public language. So theirvoices would search me out, asking me questions. Each time I'd hear them, I'dlook up in surprise to see a nun's face frowning at me. I'd mumble, not reallymeaning to answer. The nun would persist, "Richard, stand up. Don't look at thefloor. Speak up. Speak to the entire class, not just to me!" But I couldn't believethat the English language was mine to use. (In part, I did not want to believe it.)I continued to mumble. I resisted the teacher's demands. (Did I somehowsuspect that once I learned public language my pleasing family life would bechanged?)
Wow, what a scary way to learn. When you are already struggling and you get called out in front of the whole class. That had to be really nerve wracking.
Because I wrongly imagined that English was intrinsically a public languageand Spanish an intrinsically private one,
Seems like it should be the other way, right?
Words were meaningfullyordered. And the point was not self-expression alone but to make oneself under-stood by many others.
Very true! At home, you are free to say whatever, not structured in any way, but at school, there is more of a structure and it opens up your mind to use words beside the obvious.
Verse now, 1950, if it is to go ahead, if it is to be of essential use, must, I take it, catch up and put into itself certain laws and possibilities of the breath, of the breathing of the man who writes as well as of his listenings.
modern poetry must break away from traditional, closed forms and instead reflect the physical breath and living speech of the writer.
COMPOSITION BY FIELD, as opposed to inherited line, stanza, over-all form, what is the “old” base of the non-projective.
What is projective verse, and how does it differ from traditional poetry?
Composition by field is an open-form style of writing poetry that rejects traditional rhyme, fixed meter, and pre-set stanzas in favor of a poem's internal energy and rhythm.
For I would hazard the guess that, if projective verse is practiced long enough, is drive ahead hard enough along the course I think it dictates, verse again can carry much larger material than it has carried in our language since the Elizabethans. But it can’t be jumped. We are only at hits beginnings
What is Olson’s larger hope for projective verse?
Objectism is the getting ride of the lyrical interference of the individual as ego, of the “subject” and his soul, that peculiar presumption by which western man has interposed himself between what he is as a creature of nature (with certain instructions to carry out) and those other creations of nature which we may, with no derogation, call objects.
What is “objectism”?
For there is a whole flock of rhetorical devices which have now to be brought under a new bead, now that we sight within the line. Simile is only one bird who comes down, too easily. The descriptive functions generally have to be watched, every second, in projective verse, because of their easiness, and thus their drain on the energy which composition by field allows into a poem. Any slackness takes off attention, that crucial thing, from the job in hand, from the push of the line under hand at the moment, under the reader’s eye, in his moment.
Why does Olson criticise excessive use of similes and description?
only he, the man who writes, can declare, at every moment, the line its metric and its ending—where its breathing, shall come to, termination.
How does the poet determine the length and ending of a line?
the HEAD, by way of the EAR, to the SYLLABLE the HEART, by way of the BREATH, to the LINE
What are the two main units of projective verse?
I take it that PROJECTIVE VERSE teaches, is, this lesson, that that verse will only do in which a poet manages to register both the acquisitions of his ear and the pressure of his breath.
Why is breath important in projective verse?
ONE PERCEPTION MUST IMMEDIATELY AND DIRECTLY LEAD TO A FURTHER PERCEPTION.
What does Olson mean by saying that one perception must lead to another?
FORM IS NEVER MORE THAN AN EXTENSION OF CONTENT.
What principle guides the relationship between form and content in projective verse?
A poem is energy transferred from where the poet got it (he will have some several causations), by way of the poem itself to, all the way over to, the reader.
What problem does the poet face when composing projective verse?
The Human Genome Project asserts that race is a social construct, not a biological one (Bonham, n.d.)
Researches are also always influenced by the founder behind and the physiology the researchers hold.
a garden is when it is not yet thinking of men
Antigone is starting to question more about the settings in the play. I believe this is a comparison on how women’s freedom is limited when there is a man that is trying to take control over their life and run it. A garden is ruined when a man comes and destroys it. While it is showing that garden is beautiful when it is preserved and without men’s touch.
sadly
Antigone didn’t seem wanting to marry Creon, based on how the narrator described her expression when he asked to marry her. There could be a possibility that the narrator is trying to push the idea of marriage into them but she is not as interested as she might be, I believe she is aware that she will be dying, which is making her feel more conflicted to enjoying the present moment.
From
I believe everything is set up for her already. The narrator is already foreshadowing on the character, Antigone will do, how they will react. The character is controlled by the narrator, rather than them controlling their own emotions and actions. They are completely helpless because they don’t have the ability to react by themselves. The fate is already decided that their character will die.
When it comes to media writing, clarity is the most important factor to help us to express and record complete thoughts. Media writing should be easy to understand the context and content in which it was given in. Furthermore, well-crafted sentences allow people to represent thoughts, and feelings that are easier to understand.
having a plan can help you conscientiously choose sources that will meet all your information needs. It will save you time in the long run and will lead to more successful research projects, with fewer last-minute panics over not having the best sources.
Answer my third question: How do I know what source to use? If i start with a plan on how I am going to choose sources it will be easier for me to integrate them.
Deciding whether your particular course is in the arts or the sciences or social sciences may be pretty obvious to you.
This is a good way to identify which source is needed and when to use it. Depending on the course or topic, sources may vary
That’s true even when you find sources that disagree.
Answer my third question: when do i use sources? If i find a source that disagrees, it can and should be used to show consideration
your sources will support you every step of the way during your research project.
Kind of answers my third question. Sources should be used to check research throughout the whole process.
Florence Nightingale, subscribed to the miasma hypothesis.
Believed in the death theory and enforced hand washing when seeing new patients and touching dead bodies so that you won’t spread any germs to the new patients
data are actually necessary to answer research questions
Data can be useful to support or rule of hypotheses but it is not always required
When women were working on the suffrage movement, Beach was often pointed to as one of these symbols of women’s achievements, that women can work at the highest level in every field
It is important to remember that Amy Beach was known for her literary compositions as well as musical ones. This quote reaffirms her intellectual identity seperate from that of her musical identity.
scholarly journal
Peer reviewed and trustworthy, so it is an excellent source
Where findings of research projects, data and analytics, and case studies usually appear first. Often long (usually over 10 pages) and always include footnotes and references. Usually published by universities, professional associations, and commercial publishers. Published after approval by peer review or from the journal’s editor.
Answers my second question: what is a scholarly source? it is a source used to present knowledge or findings from a specific field of study. They are often professional and pretty lengthy.
The authors may use discipline-specific terminology
like a research article?
Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Sources
What are these kinds of sources?
publication mode
New: I have never heard of this way to categorize sources. Depending on where the information comes from determines the publication mode.
“should”
key subjective information identifier
“In their thirties, women should stock up on calcium to ensure strong, dense bones and to ward off osteoporosis later in life.” *
Example: subjective information is an interpretation or perspective. Contains some facts but has bias
demand evidence to back them up.
Not enough evidence to make up, making it a weak source
want the author’s main purpose to have been to inform or educate his/her audience.
Answers my first question: No an opinion is not a strong source and should not be used. It cannot truly educate or inform an audience reliably.
scholarly writing.
informs and educates audience
less factual and analytical.
This kind of answer my question, can an author's opinion be a source? Yes it can, but is not factual or analytical.
information that was subjective
what is subjective information?
what dictated the kind of information he/she chose to include.
an author's intent behind creating a source can reveal what kind of information is presented
In our experience, mentors devote most of their time to providing support, such as that described in the previous section. However, unless support is balanced with challenge, we rob new teachers of the opportunity to grow and learn. If our goal is to nurture independent, effective practitioners, then it is critical that novices take responsibility for their own practice. Growth requires that beginners develop the capacity to apply and adapt expert information within the context of their own classrooms. This development includes making meaning of new information and experiences. This learning enables new teachers to apply, refine and create alternative strategies based on students’ needs, curricular readiness and teacher values
This really makes me reflect on how I naturally want to help people by jumping in and giving them a solution. I am realizing that sometimes being a good mentor means doing the opposite and allowing someone to struggle a little bit
ho we are as mentors, how we mentor and what we mentor about are essential to meeting the current needs of beginning teachers. A central component in a learning-focused mentoring program is a clear understanding of the respective role and responsibilities of each participant. Framing a mentoring identity as one who builds capacity in others is a necessary first step. The most important function for mentors is to embrace a growth orientation, understanding that the work is to increase their colleague’s effectiveness as professional problem-solvers and decision-makers. This process begins with establishing and maintaining a learning focus within the relationship. In this way, each party shapes and understands the nature and expectations of the mentoring interactions. We build on the work of Laurent Daloz (1998), suggesting that a mentor’s role within such a relationship is to balance three functions: * Offering support * Creating challenge * Facilitating a professional vision
I like the idea of mentoring being a balance between support and challenge. I think too much support can sometimes prevent someone from figuring things out on their own, while too much challenge can make a new teacher feel overwhelmed and lose love for the job! The difficult part would be learning when to step in and when to let someone work through a problem themselves. i struggle with this a ton. I do not like to overstep.
I think reviewing my notes soon after class is helpful because the information is still fresh in my mind. I can add anything I missed and highlight the most important points.
I think this is important because the teacher may give important information at the very end of class, so I should not stop taking notes early.
This is helpful because I can focus on getting the important information down first instead of worrying about spelling while the teacher is talking.
I agree because if my instructor writes something on the board or puts it in a presentation, I know it is probably important and I should add it to my notes.
This is important because trying to write down everything can make me fall behind. I should focus on the main ideas and important information instead.
I agree because arriving early gives me time to get settled and choose a seat where I can see and hear the instructor clearly.
I agree because when a teacher repeats something or says it is important, I know I should write it down in my notes because it may be important later.
I agree with this because I often use Google or my phone whenever I need information instead of trying to remember it. Having information available so easily can make us depend on technology more than our own memory.
The body is physically separate from its word. But the word will hover or function like a cone pulled down on the body. All without the baby’s consent. Only later will the word get inside the child to become a word that stands for the child itself (if the child will stand for it).
Main Argument: These lines by Stockton set up the base thesis or theme for the rest of the article by explaining to us the difference between the assigned sex at birth and the gender of the baby. the author uses the words "get inside" the child to represent how the inevitable socialization of the assigned gender will affect the child in the future. These themes of how when a new baby is born and immediately the sex and the gender of the baby fuse into one is further talked about throughout the article.
To state the obvious, adults who name the baby with a word, “girl” or “boy,” see only one of the five sex-layers.
Evidence: The five sex-layers that the author talks about provides us with genuine biological evidence on why using just the external genitalia to categorize newborns into one of two genders simply doesn't work. the information provided here about intersex people also shows us how many discrepancies can occur simply between the five bodily layers of sex. The author uses this as the base for supporting her arguments against those who believe that biology itself separates us into a binary and disproves them by instead explaining how society in fact was the creator of this binary instead of biology.
And given the incidence of intersex, which might be as high as one in 60 people, it’s a bigger history and bigger population than is often recognized.
Evidence/ Statement of Interest: This comment by the author certainly made me doubt my knowledge, because like many others, I was also under the false assumption that intersex people only made up a small fraction of our population. It provides solid evidence as to why intersex people are not outliers but instead they are a common human variation.
If they were white. The children not selected, rarely presented, never sought out for medical treatment (however highly torturous) were children of color.
Critical Observation: These lines introduce the intersectionality of the struggling of trans kids and children of color. The whole ordeal shows us the lack of consideration the medical community had towards trans identifying individuals, specifically kids and how this only became worse when it came to children of color. the term used to talk about them, "difficult" was used to treat them as less than their white counterparts and deny them care and equal rights just like many other sections of society has treated them.
In the most circular but interesting of ways, gender is invented to shore up sex.
Sub- Argument: This is an interesting way to understand the relationship between sex and gender, because it does hold true to some account. Early medical professionals confused about the intricacies of sex along with their lack of understanding of the five layers of sex might've found themselves in need of something that is more black and white and easier to categorize humans into. The gender binary being looked at from this point of view, in my opinion, helps us prove that it is a societal construct rather than a general truth.
Gender has been changing since it was invented. Gender’s changeability isn’t really new — but in perceiving it, people are advancing it, sometimes fighting it, and also undeniably accelerating it.
Questions: Gender being an everchanging concept is certainly true and the author frames this as something more poetic rather than a proper category. This leaves the question of weather gender is a fixed and natural societal category or weather it is a fluid spectrum that shouldn't be categorized? The ending of the article feels like an intentional openness that I would like to question because doesn't defining and arguing for certain definitions lead us towards answers in a more efficient way rather than leaving everything open to interpretation?
teachers a greater sense of professional power to teach students successfully. Those supervisory tasks that ha
This stood out to me because I think teachers feel more confident when they have some ownership over their instruction. Especially for newer teachers, having support is important, but they also need opportunities to make decisions and figure out what works for them and their students. Us as teachers really enjoy having freedom and not constantly hounded by admin and district.
(such as images, sound, and video) may be is used as data or used to convey data.
New: Sounds/videos/pictures can be used as data
A source can be categorized by:
How sources are categorized based on data
When serving as a mentor for new teach- ers or new-to-the-school teachers, coaches acknowledge the individual differences among teachers and adapt their supports to the needs of teachers. At the same time, however, they keep in mind that student success depends on the quality of teaching in each classroom. When they are supporting other teachers who serve as mentors and coordinate mentoring support, they are developing the leadership capacity of others.
I think this is an important reminder that mentoring is not only about supporting the teacher, but also about the impact that support eventually has on students. It sets up a better learning environment and helping a new teacher build confidence and improve their work!
To be effective in this role, coaches tap into a broad body of knowledge and a skill set that helps them understand and assess the needs of new teachers, personalize their response to teachers’ needs, and weave together multiple roles to develop new teachers’ professionalism. Mentors understand the stages of teacher devel- opment so that they can anticipate needs and stretch capacity so that new teachers achieve a high level of performance. This knowledge in- cludes recognizing the natural development of the novice professional who moves first from a concern with self to concerns with competence and impact on students, and, eventually, moves toward innovation, creation, and generativity. They know how to assess teachers’ needs and concerns, match support with teachers’ expressed needs and concerns, and respond to needs with versatility and flexibility by moving into and out of other roles such as classroom supporter, curriculum specialist, or instructional specialist. Knowing how to build trusting relat
This stood out to me because I know I can sometimes jump in and try to help or fix something right away. As a mentor, I think it is important to recognize what the teacher actually needs instead of assuming what support is best for them! Sometimes supporting someone might mean giving direct instrcutins, while other times it might mean stepping back and letting them work through it themselves. I think this was a very strong point.
The two types of key information cues in lectures are verbal and nonverbal cues. Nonverbal cues include facial expressions, gestures, and body movements. Verbal cues include transition words or statements that tell us when information is important or when the topic is changing
Pattern recognition — recognizing familiar sounds and separating them from background noise. Differencing — noticing changes and filtering out sounds that stay the same. Filters — our culture, language, values, beliefs, attitudes, expectations, and intentions affect what we pay attention to. 2. How and why are we “losing our ability to listen”? Recording technology — we rely on writing, audio, and video instead of carefully listening and remembering. The world is very noisy — constant background noise makes listening tiring. Headphones — they create personal “sound bubbles,” so shared listening happens less often. Impatience — people want quick information and short sound bites instead of listening carefully. Desensitization — loud media and constant stimulation make it harder to notice quiet or subtle information. Silence — spend about three minutes each day in silence. The Mixer — identify individual sounds in a noisy environment. Savoring — pay attention to and enjoy ordinary everyday sounds. Listening Positions — consciously change the way you listen depending on the situation. RASA — Receive, Appreciate,Summarize
My teacher sometimes walks closer to the class when something is important. She may make eye contact, raise her hand, or point to something on the board. When she becomes more serious or speaks while using hand gestures, I know I should pay closer attention and take notes.
Happiness/Joy Sadness Contempt Surprise Fear Disgust Anger
ostensibly
in a manner that conceals or may conceal what is true or real
inundated
overwhelmed
because of entwinedmisogyny and gendered wage disparities,activist and queer women
interdisciplinary -- reminds me of the combahee river collective (black lesbians who argued that black women face interlocking oppression)
As a result, some teachers may have had little guidance on how to tackle controversial topics.
Teachers should band together and discuss!
center-right culture
With social media being kind of the main maker of culture, and it being so diverse, polarized and divisive, I feel as though its hard to generalize America's culture as much of anything to be honest. Center would be the safest call.
the right
This two party system will be the end of us.
education establishment.
A reminder that modern scientific publishing was pioneered by Ghislaine Maxwell's father, Robert Maxwell.
California, the nation’s largest Democratic-led state, has passed a law restricting what teachers can say in the classroom
California was always the state most pushing for progressivism, so that really says something if they're stepping back. I'm surprised.
on topics as basic as constitutional limits on executive power.
It's essential to understand that our government is supposed to be run with checks and balances though, no way we're not teaching that anymore. I guess when all the politicians are bought out theres not much point though.
The fields of nonsymmetrical charge distributions have to be handled with multiple integrals and may need to be calculated numerically by a computer.
Yes, with lots of CPU time.
This embedding will allow use to determine the metric ˆ𝐠
I see the spirit of what is being said here but its important to note that you can have an embedded submanifold equipped with a metric unrelated to $\(\mathbb{R}^n\)$.
use
us
that every
that everywhere
That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?
This middle section of Sojourner Truth's speech is powerful in conveying the concept of intersectionality because she is able to pinpoint how Black women experience oppression different from white women. Although white women are oppressed in relation to the dominant white power structure, Black women face an additional layer of oppression through racism. Truth highlights how a women's movement led primarily by white women could potentially misrepresent or overlook the experiences of Black women, whose struggles are shaped by both gender and race.
Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman?
This part of the speech reflects intersectionality by showing how gender and race overlap to impact Truth's experience of discrimination. Although women were viewed as deserving help and protection, she was not treated that way due to her being a black woman.
sell me for powder
What kind of powder? Why do you want them to sell you?
I offered the money to my master, but he bade me keep it;
Someone else would have taken it from her.
Then came one of them and gave me two spoonfuls of meal to comfort me, and another gave me half a pint of peas
They continue to help her regardless of where she came from. Trying to make her feel better.
the numerous crew of pagans that were on the bank on the other side
Is this a bad or good thing? Are they there to help or to hurt? Who are they there to help or hurt?
my son Joseph unexpectedly came to me
How and why does he keep randomly showing up?
Settler Colonialism is not a singular event; it is more of an ongoing, persistent strategy to eliminate Native tribal populations in order to claim sovereign rights and assert jurisdiction over Native land.
In the past, settler colonialism displaced Native people from their lands and tried to erase their cultures. Today, it continues through conflicts over land, resources, and tribal sovereignty. However, movements like Standing Rock show that Indigenous communities continue to resist and defend their rights.
Sovereignty is a political concept that refers to dominant power or supreme authority
This passage helped me understand that Native tribes are more than racial or cultural groups they are nations with their own governments, laws, and citizens. I find it interesting that tribes are considered sovereign, but Congress can still limit their authority. It makes me wonder how tribal sovereignty can be fully respected when the federal government still has so much control.
Indigenous ways of knowing inform decision-making about fundamental aspects of day-to-day life
Indigenous Ways of Knowing are lessons passed down through generations and learned from the environment. This passage shows that stories, language, spirituality, and cultural practices are important sources of knowledge.
EXAMPLE 6 Show that x2 1 y2 1 z2 1 4x 2 6y 1 2z 1 6 − 0 is the equation of asphere, and "nd its center and radius.
x + 2 ^ 2 + z + 1 + y + 3
raduis is 8 or something hmm this is corretct hmmm
Find an equation of a sphere with radius r and center Csh, k, ld.
im just guessing here but it is ( x - h ) ^.2 ... same thing for y k, and z l and then it is equal to r ^ 2
The distance from the point Ps2, 21, 7d to the point Qs1, 23, 5d is
sum the squares of the diffs then root .
Distance Formula in Three Dimensions The distance | P1P2 | between the pointsP1sx1, y1, z1d and P2sx2, y2, z2 d is| P1P2 | − ssx2 2 x1d2 1 sy2 2 y1d2 1 sz2 2 z1d2
simple stuff right
y − x.
what does this look like hmmmm..
i suppose that we could just trace out the line in two dims ( this seems like a good method : trace out the thing for two dims, and then see how it varies for three dims ( is this a good tip or does someone like evan chen recommend something else for tasks of this nature ) ..
x2 1 y2 − 1
cylinder
x2 1 y2 − 1
hmmmmmmm i woner what kind of shape this is, hmmm i saw that it was a cylinder but that makes sense, you could increase z all the way up and down but x and y have some fixing or something, and z = 3 means that it is a little slice through the thing.
curve in R 2 or a surface in R
hmmmm it seems like it takes some kind of dims - 1 thing or something, like it is number of degrees of freedom - 1 or somehting ...
(a) z − 3
the plane parallel to the x-y one that runs through 3 \
b) y − 5
the plane parallel to the x-z one that goes through y= 5 im not sure if there is better way to describe it than that.
In two-dimensional analytic geometry, the graph of an equation involving x and y is acurve in R 2. In three-dimensional analytic geometry, an equation in x, y, and z representsa surface in R 3.
this is interesting. i wonder how this generalises well .... gmmhmmhmhmmhmmm
The Cartesian product R 3 R 3 R − hsx, y, zd | x, y, z [ Rj
im not particularly sure about the R x R x R notation, what does that mean ( ??? _
pro-jection
i guess that iti s osmehting ike the ' amount ' of some vector on some other vector ( as in the projection of some big vector onto a vector of lower dims ( or other dims or something, this is not super precise )
you are finding the amount of some vector on some other vector mhmmm that seems interesting, becuasey ou scale it yayayay and times it multiple x unit vctor
Turn each sentence into an independent clause by changing the comma to a period
Separating two ideas into two sentences can help prevent a comma splice.
Change the comma to a semicolon
Add a semicolon when sentences are closely related.
Add an appropriate coordinating conjunction after the comma
If you add a coordinating conjunction, your sentence will be a proper sentence.
I believe it’s incumbent on every frontier AI company to act as if OAI-HF had happened to them.
Amodei argues that AI companies should respond to failures elsewhere as though those failures had happened within their own organizations. Apply either the Virtue Lens or Care Ethics Lens to this claim. What virtues should we expect from organizations developing potentially dangerous technologies? What responsibilities do companies have for harms they did not directly cause but can reasonably foresee? Then consider Anthropic itself: what evidence would you need in order to determine whether the company is demonstrating those virtues rather than simply claiming them?
More generally, society must have a say in how this technology is used, and more time for the necessary public deliberations — which pacing the frontier would bring us — is surely a good thing.
Amodei says that “society must have a say,” but what does society mean in this context? Identify the groups that should have a voice in determining the pace of AI development. Who currently possesses the greatest decision-making power, and who possesses the least? Using the Common Good Lens, consider whether Amodei's three-part proposal gives appropriate authority to those groups. What would an AI governance system genuinely organized around the common good look like?
A coordinated pacing strategy would give frontier AI developers the time to do this vital work without sacrificing commercial advantage or the United States’ lead in AI.
Apply the Justice Lens to Amodei's proposal. Who receives the benefits of the system he proposes, and who bears its costs and risks? Pay particular attention to Amodei's concern with preserving both the commercial position of AI companies and the geopolitical advantage of the United States. Are these interests ethically equivalent to the interests of workers, users, citizens of other countries, or future generations? Why or why not?
Left unchecked, it could outrun our ability to understand and control these systems, and so must be pursued very carefully, if at all.
Who has rights at stake in the development of increasingly powerful AI? Consider AI companies and their employees, users, workers whose jobs may be affected, governments, people who could benefit from new technologies, and people who might be harmed by them. Does an AI company have the ethical right to expose the public to risks in pursuit of potentially transformative benefits? At what point might pursuing those benefits treat other people as a means rather than an end?
Carefully wielded, AI can be the latest in a long line of technological miracles that have uplifted and ennobled humanity.
Apply the Utilitarian Lens to Amodei's argument for slowing AI development. What potential benefits could be lost or delayed by pacing AI? What harms could pacing prevent? What would you need to know before you could determine whether slowing development actually produces more good than harm? Identify at least one assumption Amodei makes about either the benefits or risks of AI that would affect your ethical judgment.
first locate its subject and verb.
Does your sentence have an action and something that is performing that action?
missing vital information
If you have a fragment, your idea will not be communicated clearly.
Fragments
If your sentence doesn't have a subject/verb and a complete thought, it is a fragment.
25 Millionen Sterne und ein Schwarzes Loch.
https://research-ebsco-com.pbidi.unam.mx:2443/c/df24kt/viewer/html/dwd66m7s2v
Эффект Холла в пространстве Лобачевского
Se non è giusta, non è pubblicaProspettive critiche sui processi di esclusione nella comunicazionepubblica della scienza
https://research-ebsco-com.pbidi.unam.mx:2443/c/df24kt/viewer/pdf/gkugxuocuf
L’influence de la conceptualisation métaphorique sur les choix traductionnels
A common explosion mechanism for type la supernovae
https://research-ebsco-com.pbidi.unam.mx:2443/c/df24kt/viewer/pdf/vhrrlca2jj
vivid details
Vivid details are extremely important in a narrative, and you should keep the 5 senses in mind when writing.
major events
Each of those major events can be the main idea of one paragraph.
central conflict
What is the central conflict you are trying to resolve?
major events
What are the major events of the story you want to tell?
keep distinct the differences between objective and subjective description.
Show the reader what you mean instead of just saying it.
what’s important to your overall purpose as well
Keep the purpose of your essay in mind when writing the description.
Planning a Narration with Audience in Mind
If you lack details in a narrative, your audience won't fully understand your purpose.
recovery is different in mental health perspective. Recovery does not mean going back to status where patient was not having mental problems. It means that patient have gotten better not fully reveresed.
Oh that my people had hearkened to me, and Israel had walked in my ways, I should soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries”
Does she still see herself as a part of the English group? Is she going to use this and try to take down the Natives?
they set their wigwams on fire
A sign? Symbolism? Necessity?
desired them to let me rest, and told them I would do as much more tomorrow; to which they answered me they would break my face
That's pretty violent, why were they so cruel to her for this? Don't they realize it makes them like the English army when they do that?
I could starve and die before I could eat such things, yet they were sweet and savory to my taste.
Necessity for her, for them too?
On the Saturday they boiled an old horse’s leg which they had got, and so we drank of the broth
Was the meat bad because it was old? Where's the rest of the horse? Is this common, or just used now due to need for it?
Four of them carried a great Indian upon a bier; but going through a thick wood with him, they were hindered, and could make no haste, whereupon they took him upon their backs
But if you're trying to escape, wouldn't the great Indian want to make it out as fast as possible? Unless he was really old, then he probably needed the help, right?
chose some of their stoutest men, and sent them back to hold the English army in play
Why choose the stoutest men? What purpose does that serve?
the English army, it being near and following them
Why are they following them? Is it for her or to capture/enslave Natives?
The profits of European colonialism had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered.
I think European colonialism changed many parts of the world. I find it interesting how new goods from the Americas helped spread ideas and connect different countries.
The dungeon of the Elmina Castle was converted into a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel.
I think it is sad that enslaved Africans were kept in the dungeon while Portuguese traders lived comfortably upstairs. This shows how unfair and cruel the slave trade was.
Cod had been fished in the North Atlantic at least since the period of Viking exploration, 800 to 1000 CE. The Vikings and the Basques used similar techniques, catching fish close to shore and then drying them on wooden racks assembled on nearby beaches
I think it is interesting that Vikings and Basques caught and dried cod in similar ways. This shows how people used simple methods to preserve fish long ago.
he discovery of the Norse village in 1960 and its acceptance as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1978 established the Newfoundland colony as the oldest known European site in the Americas, and very probably as part of the Vinland settlement of Norse legends. The Canadian ruins date from the appropriate period, around 1000 CE
I find this discovery interesting because it shows that the Norse reached North America around 1000 CE, long before Columbus. I think the Newfoundland ruins are strong evidence that this was part of the legendary Vinland settlement
You will rejoice
REJOICE!
“Wait on the Lord, Be of good courage, and he shall strengthen thine Heart, wait I say on the Lord.”
I love that she continues to have Faith in her religion and even uses it to help others.