31 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. The man who solved the problem was an American chemist, who alsocontributed to the Dictionary, Thomas Sterry Hunt. In 1857, he had beenteaching at Laval University in Quebec and responded to an appeal by thePresident of the Montreal City Bank who was battling counterfeit notes. Huntcreated a special green ink, using chromium sesquioxide, that was pretty wellindestructible. Numerous experiments showed that you couldn’t remove itfrom the banknote without destroying the paper itself – until one chemistsucceeded in doing so, and the Canadians dropped Hunt’s invention. But theAmericans took it up, especially on the back of their banknotes, hence thecolloquial term ‘greenbacks’ for US dollar bills, which was given its own entryin the OED in 1900 and defined as ‘the popular name for one of the legal-tender notes of the U.S., first issued in 1862 and so called from the devicesprinted in green ink on the back’, alongside something rather topical at thetime but now archaic, Greenback Party, defined as ‘a party in U.S. politics,which advocated that “greenbacks” should be made the sole currency of thecountry’, and its various derivatives Greenbacker and Greenbackism.
    2. As long as money hasexisted, the problem of counterfeit currency has too, but it became aparticular problem once printed notes went into general circulation. Ineighteenth-century North America, Benjamin Franklin – who owned a firmthat printed money for several of the colonies – hit on the idea of misspellingPennsylvania on official currency, on the grounds that forgers would spell it

      correctly and the notes could easily be spotted as counterfeit, but that only went so far.

  2. Jan 2024
  3. Dec 2023
    1. There is a growing need for open standards for formats used to represent text, images, video and other collections of data, so that one producer's data will be accessible to another's software.

      Data formats are like currency. Either standardize it or make sure there are converters. Money exchange. Most used formats are valuable but also valuable content in a rare format makes the converter more valuable.

  4. Feb 2023
    1. Customers could only pay with a CO2e currency we printed for the occasion, with every shopper given a ‘budget’ of 18.9 kg CO2e to spend – the maximum personal weekly allowance if we are to meet the goals of the 2030 Paris Agreement.

      = example - gamifying system change in one area - grocery shopping - 18.9 kg was the hard limit - shoppers must keep their purchases under 18.9 kg per week to do their fair share to stay within planetary boundaries, in terms of grocery shopping

  5. Dec 2022
    1. By AD 500, the Christian Church had drawn most of the talented men of theage into its service, in either missionary, organizational, doctrinal, or purelycontemplative activity.—Edward Grant, Physical Science in the Middle Ages

      quote


      Google is like the Catholic Church both as organizers of information and society<br /> Just as the Catholic Church used funding from the masses to employ most of the smartest and talented to its own needs and mission from 500-1000 AD, Google has used advertising technology to collect people and employed them to their own needs. For one, the root was religion and the other technology, but both were organizing people and information for their own needs.

      Who/what organization will succeed them? What will its goals and ethics entail?

      (originally written 2022-12-11)

  6. Nov 2022
  7. Oct 2022
    1. The seeds had a typical shelf life of about a year. While this limitation might have had some benefits (preventing inflation and encouraging spending, for example)

      minor benefits, trivialities really. /s

  8. Jul 2022
  9. bafybeibbaxootewsjtggkv7vpuu5yluatzsk6l7x5yzmko6rivxzh6qna4.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeibbaxootewsjtggkv7vpuu5yluatzsk6l7x5yzmko6rivxzh6qna4.ipfs.dweb.link
    1. But educational applications are merely the beginning: the recent development ofgamification applies the mechanisms of game design to enhance focus and motivation for nearlyany kind of activity (Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, & Nacke, 2011; Zichermann & Cunningham,2011). It is used in particular by businesses and organizations to goad people into performing tasksthat are useful for the organization—but not intrinsically rewarding for the individual. Examples areparticipating in surveys, filling in forms, or joining customer loyalty programs. While performingthese activities, respondents are given the kinds of points, “badges”, or bonuses that are used assymbolic rewards in games. This constant feedback motivates them to contribute additionally, so asto attain ever-higher total scores. Moreover, the more points they have gathered already, the lessthey are inclined to lose these points by prematurely stopping the activity—a psychological bias forcontinuity known as “sunk costs” (Garland & Newport, 1991).

      Sunk costs are the time and other resource investments a participant has put into the game. Increasing reputation currency is also another motivator.

  10. Jun 2022
    1. (2) The influence of the various concepts for the induction of lateral structure formation in lipid membranes on integral functional units like ionophores is demonstrated by analysing the single channel current fluctuations of gramicidin in bimolecular lipid membranes.
    1. For Jerome Bruner, the place to begin is clear: “One starts somewhere—where the learner is.”

      One starts education with where the student is. But mustn't we also inventory what tools and attitudes the student brings? What tools beyond basic literacy do they have? (Usually we presume literacy, but rarely go beyond this and the lack of literacy is too often viewed as failure, particularly as students get older.) Do they have motion, orality, song, visualization, memory? How can we focus on also utilizing these tools and modalities for learning.

      Link to the idea that Donald Trump, a person who managed to function as a business owner and president of the United States, was less than literate, yet still managed to function in modern life as an example. In fact, perhaps his focus on oral modes of communication, and the blurrable lines in oral communicative meaning (see [[technobabble]]) was a major strength in his communication style as a means of rising to power?

      Just as the populace has lost non-literacy based learning and teaching techniques so that we now consider the illiterate dumb, stupid, or lesser than, Western culture has done this en masse for entire populations and cultures.

      Even well-meaning educators in the edtech space that are trying to now center care and well-being are completely missing this piece of the picture. There are much older and specifically non-literate teaching methods that we have lost in our educational toolbelts that would seem wholly odd and out of place in a modern college classroom. How can we center these "missing tools" as educational technology in a modern age? How might we frame Indigenous pedagogical methods as part of the emerging third archive?

      Link to: - educational article by Tyson Yunkaporta about medical school songlines - Scott Young article "You should pay for Tutors"


      aside on serendipity

      As I was writing this note I had a toaster pop up notification in my email client with the arrival of an email by Scott Young with the title "You should pay for Tutors" which prompted me to add a link to this note. It reminds me of a related idea that Indigenous cultures likely used information and knowledge transfer as a means of payment (Lynne Kelly, Knowledge and Power). I have commented previously on the serendipity of things like auto correct or sparks of ideas while reading as a means of interlinking knowledge, but I don't recall experiencing this sort of serendipity leading to combinatorial creativity as a means of linking ideas,

  11. Mar 2022
    1. overall digital currency growth and worldwide involvement.

      If this is the goal and the main reason for stable coins to exist we don`t need them.

  12. Oct 2021
    1. To create DAOs resilient to corruption, DAOstack’s first governance templates implement voting rights using a system called Reputation. Reputation is a score assigned to each user that represents that user’s voter power. Each DAO has a separate ledger of Reputation scores, and so Reputation cannot be directly transferred from peer to peer. Rather, it is distributed through the passing of proposals inside the DAO.Indirect transfers of Reputation that cannot be completely prevented, such as a user transferring selling control of their account, are discouraged by a DAO’s ability to slash Reputation: if DAO voters find that an account has indirectly transferred its voting power, the DAO can pass a proposal to set that account’s Reputation score to zero.

      The selling of one’s personal account is an achilles heel of individual reputation scores. Bad actors could approach individuals and entice or coerce them, thereby reputation becomes misrepresented.

    1. time as the new currency

      Marilyn Waring

      Time: The New Currency

      Women tend to be excluded from the national economy because their work is not paid and therefore not value or factored into the Gross Domestic Product of a nation. Money, then, is a mechanism for disempowerment.

  13. Aug 2020
  14. Jun 2020
  15. Jan 2020
    1. How To Make Thousands of Gold In Guild Wars 2 - Guide & Advice From The MMOs Richest Player [2019]

      29.20 / It all comes down to trust. (ingame-otc desk instead of using game's own marketplace.)

      Trading posts between servers.

      Merchant Guilds with grand-bazaar like reputation tracking.

      GW2 economy design decisions necessitates the formation of guilds / trading communities.

      Bypassing tax of "Trading Post" via P2P bartering.

      Reddit exchange.

      Only reputation metric is your trading history in that specific subreddit. Use people with high reputation as escrow.

      No middle-class in GW2. Rich records 2 hours long podcast for more players to make money.

      Achievement system integrates with how fast you make gold and progress on other parts of the game. Golden idea to be included into social economy design!

      "Do x,y,z like "recycle 1 ton of plastic" - earn "plastic recycler badge and get a %0.02 reduction on your bills." This can also get out of hand quickly, slippery slope. Still, implemented responsibly, can work wonders for a society.

      We want money to flow through people and make it flow through your community first.

      Sell to your community first. Then use global trade post as plan B.

      When we changed the way we trade, the nature of gold in game changed. We were prioritizing materials, not gold. Resources became money, a multi-currency economy.

      Community became tighter, engagement increased, people socialized more and started to enjoy the game more. Middle-class emerged!

      Players learn how to achieve goals. Make money just playing the game.

      "Trade post guilds" changed the whole game.

      Peg the spirit shards value to play time value, all of a sudden everything matters (in the game)

      Economical decisions in this game forces people to cooperate if you want to achieve a goal.

      Maps (levels) are designed in a specific way, you are expected to flow through the entrance to exit and earn map currency.

  16. Jun 2019
  17. May 2019
    1. thousand pounds

      The buying power of a thousand pounds, is equivalent to the buying power of $87,093 US dollars today.

      https://www.uwyo.edu/numimage/currency.htm

  18. Oct 2017
    1. Whenever a commentator or an economist conflates the fiscal outlook for a nation that issues its own currency (for example, the US) with the outlook for a nation that uses a foreign currency (for example, Greece) you know one thing for certain – they have not understood what currency sovereignty is.

      Another school of thought on sovereign currency is sovereign money (https://www.sovereignmoney.eu/).

  19. Mar 2017
    1. Where does one draw the 'community lines'? How much do people need to 'care' for each other to be part of a 'community'? Who decides who is in and who is out? What are the criteria? I am getting the distinct impression that 'community' is a problematic pattern  which hides more than it reveals

      Politics power and community.

      Who is in, who is out.

  20. Sep 2016
  21. online.salempress.com.lacademy.idm.oclc.org online.salempress.com.lacademy.idm.oclc.org
    1. Currency: United States dollar

      I find that this is weird because El Salvador is actually pretty far away from the US. It is in the middle of central america, so u would expect for them to use a different currency.

  22. Jun 2016
    1. Being accessible, comprehensible and reachable is where credibility now lies, because of the expectations embedded in practicing openly on the Resident Web.
  23. Jan 2016
  24. Dec 2015
    1. Omidyar Network, established in 2004 by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar, is funding a company called eCurrency Mint, eCM, for a technology that will allow central banks to issue digital currency called cryptocomplex cash. They have been working with 30 central banks, and two of them are about to announce deployment.

    1. gives Chinese exporters a huge advantage

      Contrasting:

      "Some economists, such as Paul Krugman, argue that Chinese currency devaluation helps China by boosting its exports, and hurts the United States by widening its trade deficit. ... Krugman has suggested that the United States should impose tariffs on Chinese goods"

      vs.

      "Greg Mankiw, on the other hand, asserts that U.S. protectionism via tariffs will hurt the U.S. economy far more than Chinese devaluation. Similarly, others have stated that the undervalued yuan has actually hurt China more in the long run insofar that the undervalued yuan doesn’t subsidize the Chinese exporter, but subsidizes the American importer."

      [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_intervention#Chinese_Yuan Retrieved December 9, 2015]

  25. Oct 2013
    1. Custom, however, is the surest preceptor in speaking, and we must use phraseology, like money, which has the public stamp.

      Money metaphor. We use our language like currency and must be able to exchange and understand.