https://www.folia.com/iannotate/

This annotation application appears to be only for iOS platforms only at the moment.

https://venturebeat.com/business/box-is-shutting-down-crocodoc-personal-and-webnotes-on-november-1/

This list is a great framework for showing students what they don't know, so they can actively work and practice at becoming better at their craft.

I feel like actively annotating and "reading with a pen in hand" has been a great way to practice many of these points. Questioning texts, marking open problems, etc. goes a long way toward practicing these methods.

Goutor mentions that the innovation of photocopying, while potentially useful in some cases, isn't a replacement for actual reading and proper note taking. (p30) These same sorts of affordances and problems might be similar in the newer digital/online realm for people who rely on either whole scale copy/pasting or highlight capturing of texts, but who don't do the actual work of reading, processing, and creating good notes.

Some of the benefits like portability, ease of access, ability to work with delicate primary materials, better facsimiles of things like maps or tables, etc. are still true.

https://medium.com/workings/how-i-take-notes-when-doing-research-90a649f10098

Stowe Boyd looks at Clive Thompson's note taking process which uses Scrivener.

Nothing new here for me.

https://gizmodo.com/justin-long-knows-life-is-short-1849448109

What specifically does she define "writing" to be? What exactly is she writing, and how much? What does her process look like?

One might also consider the idea of active reading and writing notes. I may not "write" daily in the way she means, but my note writing, is cumulative and beneficial in the ways she describes in her list. I might further posit that the amount of work/effort it takes me to do my writing is far more fruitful and productive than her writing.

When I say writing, I mean focused note taking (either excerpting, rephrasing, or original small ideas which can be stitched together later). I don't think this is her same definition.

I'm curious how her process of writing generates new ideas and creativity specifically?

One might analogize the idea of active reading with a pen in hand as a sort of Einsteinian space-time. Many view reading and writing as to separate and distinct practices. What if they're melded together the way Einstein reconceptualized the space time continuum? The writing advice provided by those who write about commonplace books, zettelkasten, and general note taking combines an active reading practice with a focused writing practice that moves one toward not only more output, but higher quality output without the deleterious effects seen in other methods.

Throughout Rewriting: How To Do Things With Texts (Utah State University Press, 2006) Joseph Harris presents highlighted sidebar presentations he labels "Intertexts".

They simultaneously serve the functions of footnotes, references, (pseudo-)pull quotes, and conversation with his own text. It's not frequently seen this way, but these intertexts serve the function of presenting his annotations of his own text to model these sorts of annotations and intertextuality which he hopes the reader (student) to be able to perform themselves. He explicitly places them in a visually forward position within the text rather than hiding them in the pages' footnotes or end notes where the audience he is addressing can't possibly miss them. In fact, the reader will be drawn to them above other parts of the text when doing a cursory flip through the book upon picking it up, a fact that underlines their importance in his book's thesis.

This really is a fantastic example of the marriage of form and function as well as modelling behavior.

cc: @remikalir

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2HegcwDRnU

Makes the argument that note taking is an information system, and if it is, then we can use the research from the corpus of information system (IS) theory to examine how to take better notes.

He looks at the Wang and Wang 2006 research and applies their framework of "complete, meaningful, unambiguous, and correct" dimensions of data quality to example note areas of study notes, project management notes (or to do lists) and recipes.

Looks at dimensions of data quality from Mahanti, 2019.

What is the difference between notes and annotations?

I quite like the idea of intertexts, which have the feeling of annotating one's own published work with the annotations of others. A sort of reverse annotation. Newspapers and magazines often feature pull quotes to draw in the reader, but why not have them as additional voices annotating one's stories or arguments.

This could certainly be done without repeating the quote twice within the piece.

Not related to this text, but just thinking...

Writing against a blank page is dreadful and we all wish we would be visited by the muses. But writing against another piece of text can be incredibly fruitful for generating ideas, even if they don't necessarily relate to the text at hand. The text gives us something to latch onto for creating work.

Try the following exercise:<br /> Write down 20 things that are white.<br /> (Not easy is it?)

Now write down 20 things in your refrigerator that are white?<br /> (The ideas come a lot easier don't they, even if you couldn't come up with 20.)

The more specific area helped you anchor your thoughts and give them a positive direction. Annotating against texts in which you're interested does this same sort of anchoring for your brain when you're writing.

Is there research on this area of concentration with respect to creativity?

https://web.hypothes.is/blog/celebrating-nearly-40-million-annotations

Or annotate it right now: https://docdrop.org/pdf/Are-Your-Students-Doing-the-Rea---Hypothes.is-gaulj.pdf/

Has it already been that long?!

Apparently my account dates to January 18, 2012, so I apparently missed an important anniversary.

https://web.hypothes.is/blog/100000-annotations/

https://hypothes.is/users/heatherstaines<br /> Joined: November 11, 2016<br /> Annotations: 1,063 (public as of 2022-08-12)

Date of publication: 2020-02-07<br /> Duration: 3 yr 3 mo or 1,183 days<br /> Average of: ~100,000/1,183 = 84.53 annotations per day

These would be closer to the idea of fleeting notes per day and not a more zettelkasten-like permanent note. It does provide at least a magnitude of order level of measurement on practice however.

Note that it's possible that as a part of the company she has multiple accounts including one with an earlier born by date which would tend to dilute the average.

The publication is dated 2020-02-07 (which matches publication meta data) and somehow Heather makes an annotation on the post itself (dated 2020-02-02) saying she's already at 105,000 annotations. This could have given a smaller window on a few week's worth of annotations, except for the improbably mismatch in dates.

So was Manfred Kuehn calling Umberto Eco an uncivilized barbarian?!

See: https://hyp.is/4sD8LCciEe2XKBc7KhCshg/takingnotenow.blogspot.com/2013/08/underlining-in-library-books.html

syndication link

How is one to have an intimate conversation with a text if their annotations are not written in the margins? Placing your initial notes somewhere else is like having sex with your clothes on.

syndication link

Highlighted portion is a quote from Kuehn sub-quoting David Lodge, Deaf Sentence (New York: Viking 2008)

Ownership is certainly a factor here, but given how inexpensive many books are now, if you own it, why not mark it up? See also: Mortimer J. Adler's position on this.

Marking up library books is a barbarism; not marking up your own books is a worse sin.

https://web.archive.org/web/20170429050031/http://takingnotenow.blogspot.com/2013/08/underlining-in-library-books.html

https://zettelkasten.de/posts/making-proper-marks-in-books/

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/08/26/us/trump-search-affidavit-release.html?smtyp=cur&smid=tw-nytimes

https://www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/wue2ex/looking_for_books_with_wider_margins_for/

Not long after I posted this it had about 3 upvotes, including my automatic 1. It's now at 0, and there are several responses about not writing in books at all. It seems like this particular book community is morally opposed to writing in one's books! 🤣

Why though? There's a tremendously long tradition of writing in books, and probably more so when they were far more expensive! Now they're incredibly inexpensive commodities, so why should we be less inclined to write in them, particularly when there's reasonable evidence of the value of doing so?

I might understand not writing in library books as part of their value within the commons, but https://booktraces.org/ indicates that almost 12% or more of the books they've tracked prior to 1924 have some sort of mark, writing, or evidence that it was actively read.

Given what I know of the second hand markets, it's highly unlikely that my books (marked up or not) will ever be read by another person.

There's so much more to say here, but I just haven't the time today...

a publisher that takes having wider margins seriously!

This is what we want to see!! The publishing company Annotate Books is republishing classic texts with a roomier 1.8" ruled margin on every page to make it easier to annotate texts.

It reminds me about the idea of having print-on-demand interleaved books. Why not have print-on-demand books which have wider than usual margins either with or without lines/grids/dots for easier note taking and marginalia?

Link to: https://hypothes.is/a/C5WcYFhsEeyLyFeV9leIzw

Poe used the book itself as his "slip box".

https://ncase.me/nutshell/

For those interested in the ideas of annotations, inline footnotes, expandable text, additional context, stretch text, hovercards, etc., Nicky Case has recently released a new project called Nutshell (https://ncase.me/nutshell/) which has some fun user interface as well as code with which to play.

Just as a trail of pheromones serves the function of a shared external memory for an ant colony, annotations can create a set of associative trails which serve as an external memory for a broader human collective memory. Further songlines and other orality based memory methods form a shared, but individually stored internal collective memory for those who use and practice them.

Vestiges of this human practice can be seen in modern society with the use and spread of cultural memes. People are incredibly good at seeing and recognizing memes and what they communicate and spreading them because they've evolved to function this way since the dawn of humanity.

Hypothes.is tools<br /> https://jonudell.info/h/tools.html

facet tools<br /> copy annotations<br /> tag rename<br /> annotation powered survey<br /> pagefit

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gT1EExZkzMM

Quick outline of how Holiday reads, annotates, and then processes the ideas from books into his index card-based commonplace book.

```js / Adapted from: https://github.com/openannotation/annotator/blob/v1.2.x/src/plugin/document.coffee Annotator v1.2.10 https://github.com/openannotation/annotator Copyright 2015, the Annotator project contributors. Dual licensed under the MIT and GPLv3 licenses. https://github.com/openannotation/annotator/blob/master/LICENSE /

/* * nb. The DocumentMetadata type is renamed to avoid a conflict with the * DocumentMetadata class below. * * @typedef {import('../../types/annotator').DocumentMetadata} Metadata /

import { normalizeURI } from '../util/url';

/* * @typedef Link * @prop {string} link.href * @prop {string} [link.rel] * @prop {string} [link.type] /

/* * Extension of the Metadata type with non-optional fields for dc, eprints etc. * * @typedef HTMLDocumentMetadata * @prop {string} title * @prop {Link[]} link * @prop {Record<string, string[]>} dc * @prop {Record<string, string[]>} eprints * @prop {Record<string, string[]>} facebook * @prop {Record<string, string[]>} highwire * @prop {Record<string, string[]>} prism * @prop {Record<string, string[]>} twitter * @prop {string} [favicon] * @prop {string} [documentFingerprint] /

/ * HTMLMetadata reads metadata/links from the current HTML document. */ export class HTMLMetadata { / * @param {object} [options] * @param {Document} [options.document] */ constructor(options = {}) { this.document = options.document || document; }

/* * Returns the primary URI for the document being annotated * * @return {string} / uri() { let uri = decodeURIComponent(this._getDocumentHref());

// Use the `link[rel=canonical]` element's href as the URL if present.
const links = this._getLinks();
for (let link of links) {
  if (link.rel === 'canonical') {
    uri = link.href;
  }
}

return uri;

}

/ * Return metadata for the current page. * * @return {HTMLDocumentMetadata} */ getDocumentMetadata() { / @type {HTMLDocumentMetadata} */ const metadata = { title: document.title, link: [],

  dc: this._getMetaTags('name', 'dc.'),
  eprints: this._getMetaTags('name', 'eprints.'),
  facebook: this._getMetaTags('property', 'og:'),
  highwire: this._getMetaTags('name', 'citation_'),
  prism: this._getMetaTags('name', 'prism.'),
  twitter: this._getMetaTags('name', 'twitter:'),
};

const favicon = this._getFavicon();
if (favicon) {
  metadata.favicon = favicon;
}

metadata.title = this._getTitle(metadata);
metadata.link = this._getLinks(metadata);

const dcLink = metadata.link.find(link => link.href.startsWith('urn:x-dc'));
if (dcLink) {
  metadata.documentFingerprint = dcLink.href;
}

return metadata;

}

/ * Return an array of all the content values of <meta> tags on the page * where the value of the attribute begins with <prefix>. * * @param {string} attribute * @param {string} prefix - it is interpreted as a regex * @return {Record<string,string[]>} */ _getMetaTags(attribute, prefix) { / @type {Record<string,string[]>} */ const tags = {}; for (let meta of Array.from(this.document.querySelectorAll('meta'))) { const name = meta.getAttribute(attribute); const { content } = meta; if (name && content) { const match = name.match(RegExp(^${prefix}(.+)$, 'i')); if (match) { const key = match[1].toLowerCase(); if (tags[key]) { tags[key].push(content); } else { tags[key] = [content]; } } } } return tags; }

/* @param {HTMLDocumentMetadata} metadata / _getTitle(metadata) { if (metadata.highwire.title) { return metadata.highwire.title[0]; } else if (metadata.eprints.title) { return metadata.eprints.title[0]; } else if (metadata.prism.title) { return metadata.prism.title[0]; } else if (metadata.facebook.title) { return metadata.facebook.title[0]; } else if (metadata.twitter.title) { return metadata.twitter.title[0]; } else if (metadata.dc.title) { return metadata.dc.title[0]; } else { return this.document.title; } }

/ * Get document URIs from <link> and <meta> elements on the page. * * @param {Pick<HTMLDocumentMetadata, 'highwire'|'dc'>} [metadata] - * Dublin Core and Highwire metadata parsed from <meta> tags. * @return {Link[]} */ _getLinks(metadata = { dc: {}, highwire: {} }) { / @type {Link[]} */ const links = [{ href: this._getDocumentHref() }];

// Extract links from `<link>` tags with certain `rel` values.
const linkElements = Array.from(this.document.querySelectorAll('link'));
for (let link of linkElements) {
  if (
    !['alternate', 'canonical', 'bookmark', 'shortlink'].includes(link.rel)
  ) {
    continue;
  }

  if (link.rel === 'alternate') {
    // Ignore RSS feed links.
    if (link.type && link.type.match(/^application\/(rss|atom)\+xml/)) {
      continue;
    }
    // Ignore alternate languages.
    if (link.hreflang) {
      continue;
    }
  }

  try {
    const href = this._absoluteUrl(link.href);
    links.push({ href, rel: link.rel, type: link.type });
  } catch (e) {
    // Ignore URIs which cannot be parsed.
  }
}

// Look for links in scholar metadata
for (let name of Object.keys(metadata.highwire)) {
  const values = metadata.highwire[name];
  if (name === 'pdf_url') {
    for (let url of values) {
      try {
        links.push({
          href: this._absoluteUrl(url),
          type: 'application/pdf',
        });
      } catch (e) {
        // Ignore URIs which cannot be parsed.
      }
    }
  }

  // Kind of a hack to express DOI identifiers as links but it's a
  // convenient place to look them up later, and somewhat sane since
  // they don't have a type.
  if (name === 'doi') {
    for (let doi of values) {
      if (doi.slice(0, 4) !== 'doi:') {
        doi = `doi:${doi}`;
      }
      links.push({ href: doi });
    }
  }
}

// Look for links in Dublin Core data
for (let name of Object.keys(metadata.dc)) {
  const values = metadata.dc[name];
  if (name === 'identifier') {
    for (let id of values) {
      if (id.slice(0, 4) === 'doi:') {
        links.push({ href: id });
      }
    }
  }
}

// Look for a link to identify the resource in Dublin Core metadata
const dcRelationValues = metadata.dc['relation.ispartof'];
const dcIdentifierValues = metadata.dc.identifier;
if (dcRelationValues && dcIdentifierValues) {
  const dcUrnRelationComponent =
    dcRelationValues[dcRelationValues.length - 1];
  const dcUrnIdentifierComponent =
    dcIdentifierValues[dcIdentifierValues.length - 1];
  const dcUrn =
    'urn:x-dc:' +
    encodeURIComponent(dcUrnRelationComponent) +
    '/' +
    encodeURIComponent(dcUrnIdentifierComponent);
  links.push({ href: dcUrn });
}

return links;

}

_getFavicon() { let favicon = null; for (let link of Array.from(this.document.querySelectorAll('link'))) { if (['shortcut icon', 'icon'].includes(link.rel)) { try { favicon = this._absoluteUrl(link.href); } catch (e) { // Ignore URIs which cannot be parsed. } } } return favicon; }

/* * Convert a possibly relative URI to an absolute one. This will throw an * exception if the URL cannot be parsed. * * @param {string} url / _absoluteUrl(url) { return normalizeURI(url, this.document.baseURI); }

// Get the true URI record when it's masked via a different protocol. // This happens when an href is set with a uri using the 'blob:' protocol // but the document can set a different uri through a <base> tag. _getDocumentHref() { const { href } = this.document.location; const allowedSchemes = ['http:', 'https:', 'file:'];

// Use the current document location if it has a recognized scheme.
const scheme = new URL(href).protocol;
if (allowedSchemes.includes(scheme)) {
  return href;
}

// Otherwise, try using the location specified by the <base> element.
if (
  this.document.baseURI &&
  allowedSchemes.includes(new URL(this.document.baseURI).protocol)
) {
  return this.document.baseURI;
}

// Fall back to returning the document URI, even though the scheme is not
// in the allowed list.
return href;

} } ```

yaml definitions: Annotation: type: object required: - user - uri properties: id: type: string description: Unique ID for this Annotation. uri: type: string description: URI which is the target of this Annotation. target: type: array items: - type: object properties: scope: type: array items: - type: string selector: type: array items: - type: object properties: type: description: Type of Selector--see Web Annotation Data Model. type: string source: type: string user: type: string description: User URI in the form of an `acct` prefixed URI. document: type: object description: Target document metadata schema: $ref: '#/definitions/DocumentMetadata' permissions: type: object description: Permissions for this Annotation. created: type: string format: date-time updated: type: string format: date-time AnnotationList: type: object properties: total: type: number rows: type: array items: $ref: '#/definitions/Annotation' DocumentMetadata: type: object properties: eprints: type: object title: type: string twitter: type: object properties: image:src: type: array items: type: string title: type: array items: type: string description: type: array items: type: string card: type: array items: type: string site: type: array items: type: string dc: type: object favicon: type: string prism: type: object highwire: type: object link: type: array items: type: object properties: href: type: string facebook: type: object properties: site_name: type: array items: type: string description: type: array items: type: string title: type: array items: type: string url: type: array items: type: string image: type: array items: type: string type: type: array items: type: string

Archived version here: https://web.archive.org/web/20130825044646/http://www.historytoday.com/frank-prochaska/mills-and-emerson-sense-and-nonsense

<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Ryan Holiday</span> in How And Why To Keep A “Commonplace Book” | Thought Catalog (<time class='dt-published'>08/05/2022 10:19:13</time>)</cite></small>

https://www.mattmaldre.com/2021/09/13/annotate-articles-online/

I love that Matt is using this tool and his annotated notes to write new material based on things he's read.

https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/L/bo63098990.html Lines of Thought: Branching Diagrams and the Medieval Mind by Ayelet Even-Ezra

Mentioned during Tinderbox Meetup: https://forum.eastgate.com/t/tagging-meetup-saturday-august-7/4841

They apparently discussed the book last week. (May be able to find the video of the discussion)

It's annotations all the way down...

For those curious about the idea of what students might do with the notes and annotations they're making in the margins of their texts using Hypothes.is, I would submit that Dan Allosso's OER handbook How to Make Notes and Write (Minnesota State Pressbooks, 2022) may be a very useful place to turn. https://minnstate.pressbooks.pub/write/

It provides some concrete advice on the topic of once you've highlighted and annotated various texts for a course, how might you then turn your new understanding, ideas, and extant thinking work into a blogpost, essay, term paper or thesis.

For a similar, but alternative take, the book How to Take Smart Notes: One Simple Technique to Boost Writing, Learning and Thinking by Sönke Ahrens (Create Space, 2017) may also be helpful as well. This text however requires purchase via Amazon and doesn't carry the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike (by-nc-sa 4.0) license that Dr. Allosso's does.

In addition to the online copy of the book, there's an annotatable .pdf copy available here: http://docdrop.org/pdf/How-to-Make-Notes-and-Write---Allosso-Dan-jzdq8.pdf/ though one can download .epub and .pdf copies directly from the Pressbooks site.

https://remikalir.com/blog/sabbatical-annotated/

It was great seeing you in person yesterday @remikalir! Glad you could make the time to hang out. Do let me know if you need anything while you're here in the neighborhood or in your pending travels on sabbatical.

Congratulations again on all this news! I'm sure it's a bit overwhelming and a lot of change to adjust to, but I'm sure you'll come out far ahead.

I told Evie about your sister's choreography annotation work when I picked her up from ballet. She pulled a small pocket notebook out of her ballet bag that I didn't know she had full of some of her own choreography notes!! I was so proud...

Safe travels my friend!

see also: - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaborative_interrogation

https://web.hypothes.is/blog/back-to-school-with-annotation-10-ways-to-annotate-with-students/

circle back to this...

Jeremy Dean indicates that marginal notes are often "the basis for [...] points made in a final paper", but I wonder how frequently this is the case in the computer era? I rarely see or hear of educators encouraging the reuse of marginalia or even notes in academic settings, even within the framing of Hypothes.is which is an ideal tool for such a practice.

It's been my experience that while notes are in margins, they tend to sit there lonely and unused. Few are actually creating content based on them. When this is the case, memory of the idea or issue at hand is necessary so that it may be looked up and transcribed back into a bigger piece. When it does happen it's also far more likely to be academic writers or researchers who are concertedly building up particular areas. It's much less likely to be high school or undergraduate college students who should have picked up the practice earlier in junior high school or even elementary school so that their school research years are easier.

A potential resurgence of this broader practice may be coming back into vogue with the slew of new note taking apps that have been popping up and the idea of the zettelkasten coming back into a broader consciousness.

https://www.houstonchronicle.com/projects/2022/roe-opinion-annotated/

An interesting example of visual user interface of highlights and marginalia on a news site to help tell and report on a story.

https://newcriterion.com/issues/2017/4/mrs-custers-tennyson

Heard about this at the Hypothes.is SOCIAL LEARNING SUMMIT: Spotlight on Social Reading & Social Annotation

I'm not sure I agree here as one can take other annotations from various texts throughout a course and link them together to create new ideas and knowledge within the margins themselves. Of course, at some point the ideas need to escape the margins to potentially take shape with a class wiki, new essays, papers, journal articles or longer pieces.

Use of social annotation across several years of a program this way may help to super-charge students' experiences.

http://www.americanyawp.com/

Apparently this is one of the most annotated texts within Hypothes.is. Interestingly, almost none of the annotations on it are public.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awce_j2myQw

Francis Ford Coppola talks about his notes and notebook on The Godfather.

He went to the Cafe Trieste to work.

Coppola had an Olivetti typewriter. (4:20)

Sections on pitfalls

I didn't need a script cause I could have made the movie just from this notebook.

Francis Ford Coppola published an exact reproduction of his original prompt book for The Godfather called The Godfather Notebook (Regan Arts, 2016).

Francis Ford Coppola created and used a prompt book to organize his notes and annotations on Mario Puzo's The Godfather to create the 1972 Paramount blockbuster.

Having learned the stage managers' technique of keeping a prompt book at Hofstra, his contained an annotated copy of the novel with scene-by-scene breakdowns, notes on setting, cliches to avoid, and even casting ideas.

The density of annotations on a text can tell one about where the value and excitement of a work may be hiding.

The course Marginalia in Books from Christopher Ohge is just crying out to have an annotated syllabus.

Wish I could follow along directly, but there's some excellent reference material hiding in the brief outline of the course.

Perhaps a list of interesting people here too for speaking at https://iannotate.org/ 2022 hiding in here? A session on the history of annotation and marginalia could be cool there.

Online

• http://jacquelinebroad.com/
• https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/jacqueline-broad
• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-6770
• https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=bZ0f2BIAAAAJ&hl=en

Short Bio

Jacqueline Broad is an Associate Professor of Philosophy in the School of Philosophical, Historical, and International Studies at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. She is also a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.

Her area of research expertise is early modern women’s philosophy. She writes on early modern theories of virtue, the ethical and religious foundations of women’s rights, historical conceptions of the self, and connections between feminism and Cartesianism in the seventeenth century.

She has recently become Series Editor for Cambridge University Press’s new Elements series on Women in the History of Philosophy.

Select bibliography

• Jacqueline Broad, ‘Undoing Bayle’s Scepticism: Astell’s Marginalia as Disarmament’, in Marginal Notes: Social Reading and the Literal Margins, edited by Patrick Spedding and Paul Tankard (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021), pp. 61–84.

Online

• https://www.open.ac.uk/people/fb2982
• https://twitter.com/rhymesontheroad
• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1456-7812

Short Bio

I joined The Open University in 2012 as a member of the Arts Faculty and I am now part of the School of Arts and Humanities and the English and Creative Writing Department. I hold a Laurea in Lettere Moderne from the University of Bologna, as well as an MA in Literature and Publishing and a PhD in English from the National University of Ireland, Galway.

My main role in the Faculty is to promote research in the Digital Humanities as the co-leader of DH_OU, the Digital Humanities at The Open University Research Collaboration (web and Twitter) and of the OOC DTP Digital Humanities training programme.

I am a member of the READ-IT project, the Reading Experience Database, the History of Books and Reading Research Group, the Gender and Otherness in the Humanities (GOTH) Research Centre, the European Romanticism in Association and RÊVE project and the Open Arts Archive.

During 2014-2019 I led the Arts and Humanities in the Digital Age training programme for the CHASE doctoral training partnership. In 2017 I was the Principal Investigator of the A Question of Style project, which was funded by a Research Society for Victorian Periodicals Field Development Grant. In 2016-2019 I was a member of the Executive Committee of the British Association for Romantic Studies (BARS) and of the International Executive Council of centerNet.

Select bibliography

• Understanding the phenomenology of reading through modelling (2021-01-26) Antonini, Alessio; Suárez-Figueroa, Mari Carmen; Adamou, Alessandro; Benatti, Francesca; Vignale, François; Gravier, Guillaume and Lupi, Lucia Semantic Web Journal, 12(2) (pp. 191-217)
• *ing the Written Word: Digital Humanities Methods for Book History (2020) Antonini, Alessio and Benatti, Francesca In : SHARP 2020: Power of the Written Word (11-15 Jul 2020, Amsterdam)

An interesting list of readings on annotation.

I'm curious if anyone has an open Zotero bibliography for this area? https://www.zotero.org/search/?p=2&q=annotation&type=group

of which the following look interesting: - https://www.zotero.org/groups/2586310/annotation - https://www.zotero.org/groups/2423071/annotated - https://www.zotero.org/groups/2898045/social_annotation

This reminds me to revisit Zocurelia as well: https://zocurelia.com

http://jonudell.info/h/zotero/

This tool reads your Zotero library, finds items imported by URL, looks for associated Hypothesis annotations, and syncs them to Zotero as child notes.

Statistical significance test evaluating whether a sample is greater than or less than a specific value range. Critical distribution area is two-sided.

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.

Variability for individuals themselves in the sample.

Variability of specific scores for individuals in the sample.

A value on a regular grid in three-dimensional space. In this case, composes the 3-dimensional brain image.

MR imaging frequency that displays CSF as the brightest contrast, white matter as the second brightest contrast, and gray matter as the third brightest contrast. Stronger than T2 MR imaging frequency.

3 Tesla-powered scanner model. In our replication, we will be using a different scanner.

A cross presented to research participants in a perception task with the intent directing the participants' attention to wherever the investigator wants them to look.

The amount of time between the end of one stimulus being presented and the start of another stimulus being presented.

MR imaging frequency that displays gray matter as the brightest contrast, white matter as the second brightest contrast, and CSF matter as the third brightest contrast.

Structure at the lower back of the brain, associated with motor control.

Outermost brain layer, associated with higher order cognitive abilities.

What I think may have been surprising here is that the captured text is not the same as what would be copied to the clipboard. When <mark>copying to the clipboard, <mark style="background-color: #8000314f">new lines in the source</mark> get <mark style="background-color:#00800030">replaced with spaces</mark>, and <br> tags get converted to new lines</mark>. </br> <mark>Browser specifications distinguish <mark style="background-color: #00800036">the original text content of HTML "in the source"</mark> as returned by <mark style="background-color: #00800036"/>element.textContent</mark> from <mark style="background-color: #ffa500a1">the text content "as rendered" returned by element.innerText.</mark></mark> Hypothesis has always captured quotes from and searched for quotes in the "source" text content rather than the "rendered" text.

How cool would it be if we could aggregate old commonplace books to create indicators of how often older books were not only read, but which annotations resonated with their readers during subsequent periods of history and overlay them in some visual way? Something like a historical version of Amazon Kindle's indicators that a certain number of readers have highlighted a particular sentence of a book.

1. Marshall, C.C. Collection-level analysis tools for books online. Proc. of the 2008 ACM Workshop on Research Advances in Large Digital Book Repositories. (Napa Valley, CA, Oct. 26–30) ACM, New York, 2008.

Cathy Marshall has found that students evaluated their textbooks prior to purchasing based on the annotations within them.

Blackwood Magazine most likely introduced the term marginalia in 1819. Edgar Allen Poe popularized the term with some of his published material entitled Marginalia.

What other (popular) published examples of marginalia exist?

Source for the Blackwood Magazine assertion?

[[similies]]

I like how Dr. Pacheco-Vega outlines some of his research process here.

Sharing it on Twitter is great, and so is storing a copy on his website. I do worry that it looks like the tweets are embedded via a simple URL method and not done individually, which means that if Twitter goes down or disappears, so does all of his work. Better would be to do a full blockquote embed method, so that if Twitter disappears he's got the text at least. Images would also need to be saved separately.

This is an apropos question. It is also somewhat contingent on what sort of platform the author "owns" to be able to do outreach and drive readers and participation.

A short text "interview" with the authors of three works that posted versions of their books online for an open review via annotation.

These could be added to the example and experience of Kathleen Fitzpatrick.

This is an intriguing off-label use case for Hypothes.is which is within the realm of peer-review use cases.

Dan is essentially using the idea of annotation as engagement within a textbook as a means of proactively improving it. He's mentioned it before in Hypothes.is Social (and Private) Annotation.

Because one can actively see the gaps without readers necessarily being aware of their "review", this may be a far better method than asking for active reviews of materials.

Reviewers are probably not as likely to actively mark sections they don't find engaging. Has anyone done research on this space for better improving texts? Certainly annotation provides a means for helping to do this.

6 Craig Mod, “Post-Artifact Books and Publishing,” craigmod.com, June 2011, https://craigmod.com/journal/post_artifact/.

It's not just me... I might hope that someone could leverage Hypothes.is' product to create a more explicit digital commonplace book out of their product.

This appendix is informative

All examples use the same hypothetical publication of Alice in Wonderland, and are given in the collection structure with a single annotation.

• Commentary Annotation on Publication with URI json-ld { "@context": "http://www.idpf.org/epub/oa/1.0/context.json", "@id": "http://example.org/epub/annotations.json", "@type": "epub:AnnotationCollection", "annotations": [ { "@id": "urn:uuid:E7E3799F-3CD5-4F69-87C6-5478B22873D6", "@type": "oa:Annotation", "hasTarget": { "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSource": { "@id": "http://www.example.org/ebooks/A1B0D67E-2E81-4DF5/v2.epub", "@type": "dctypes:Text" } }, "hasBody": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "format": "application/xhtml+xml", "chars": "<div xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I love Alice in Wonderland</div>", "language": "en" }, "motivatedBy": "oa:commenting" } ] }

• Commentary Annotation on Publication without Identifying URI json-ld { "@context": "http://www.idpf.org/epub/oa/1.0/context.json", "@id": "http://example.org/epub/annotations.json", "@type": "epub:AnnotationCollection", "annotations": [ { "@id": "urn:uuid:E7E3799F-3CD5-4F69-87C6-5478B22873D6", "@type": "oa:Annotation", "hasTarget": { "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSource": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "uniqueIdentifier": "isbn:123456789x", "originURL": "http://www.example.com/publisher/book/", "dc:identifier": "urn:uuid:A1B0D67E-2E81-4DF5-9E67-A64CBE366809", "dcterms:modified": "2011-01-01T12:00:00Z" } }, "hasBody": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "format": "application/xhtml+xml", "chars": "<div xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I love Alice in Wonderland</div>", "language": "en" }, "motivatedBy": "oa:commenting" } ] }

• Collection Metadata json-ld { "@context": "http://www.idpf.org/epub/oa/1.0/context.json", "@id": "http://example.org/epub/annotations.json", "@type": "epub:AnnotationCollection", "dc:title": "Alice in Wonderland Annotations", "dc:publisher": "Example Organization", "dc:creator": "Anne O'Tater", "dcterms:modified": "2014-03-17T12:30:00Z", "dc:description": "Anne's collection of annotations on Alice in Wonderland", "dc:rights": [ { "@value": "Quelques droits en Français", "@language": "fr" }, { "@value": "Some Rights in English", "@language": "en" } ], "annotations": [ { "@id": "urn:uuid:E7E3799F-3CD5-4F69-87C6-5478B22873D6", "@type": "oa:Annotation", "hasTarget": { "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSource": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "uniqueIdentifier": "isbn:123456789x", "originURL": "http://www.example.com/publisher/book/", "dc:identifier": "urn:uuid:A1B0D67E-2E81-4DF5-9E67-A64CBE366809", "dcterms:modified": "2011-01-01T12:00:00Z" } }, "hasBody": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "format": "application/xhtml+xml", "chars": "<div xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I love Alice in Wonderland</div>", "language": "en" }, "motivatedBy": "oa:commenting" } ] }

• Annotation with Ancillary Resources in the Zip json-ld { "@context": "http://www.idpf.org/epub/oa/1.0/context.json", "@id": "http://example.org/epub/annotations.json", "@type": "epub:AnnotationCollection", "annotations": [ { "@id": "urn:uuid:E7E3799F-3CD5-4F69-87C6-5478B22873D6", "@type": "oa:Annotation", "hasTarget": { "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSource": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "uniqueIdentifier": "isbn:123456789x", "originURL": "http://www.example.com/publisher/book/", "dc:identifier": "urn:uuid:A1B0D67E-2E81-4DF5-9E67-A64CBE366809", "dcterms:modified": "2011-01-01T12:00:00Z" } }, "hasBody": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "format": "application/xhtml+xml", "chars": "<div xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I love Alice in Wonderland! <img src='/imgs/heart.jpg'/></div>" }, "motivatedBy": "oa:commenting" } ] }

• Styling of Selection

json-ld { "@context": "http://www.idpf.org/epub/oa/1.0/context.json", "@id": "http://example.org/epub/annotations.json", "@type": "epub:AnnotationCollection", "annotations": [ { "@id": "urn:uuid:E7E3799F-3CD5-4F69-87C6-5478B22873D6", "@type": "oa:Annotation", "styledBy": { "@type": "oa:CssStyle", "format": "text/css", "chars": ".red { border: 1px solid red; }" }, "hasTarget": { "@type": "oa:SpecificResource", "hasSelector": { "@type": "oa:FragmentSelector", "value": "epubcfi(/6/4[chap01ref]!/4[body01]/10[para05]/3:10)" }, "hasSource": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "uniqueIdentifier": "isbn:123456789x", "originURL": "http://www.example.com/publisher/book/", "dc:identifier": "urn:uuid:A1B0D67E-2E81-4DF5-9E67-A64CBE366809", "dcterms:modified": "2011-01-01T12:00:00Z" }, "styleClass": "red" }, "hasBody": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "format": "application/xhtml+xml", "chars": "<div xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I love this part of the text</div>", "language": "en" }, "motivatedBy": "oa:commenting" } ] }

• Replying to an Annotation json-ld { "@context": "http://www.idpf.org/epub/oa/1.0/context.json", "@id": "http://example.org/epub/annotations.json", "@type": "epub:AnnotationCollection", "annotations": [ { "@id": "urn:uuid:B81AF8C4-B04A-4D3D-B1D3-23F7C02E56BB", "@type": "oa:Annotation", "motivatedBy": "oa:replying", "hasTarget": "urn:uuid:E7E3799F-3CD5-4F69-87C6-5478B22873D6", "hasBody": { "@type": "dctypes:Text", "format": "application/xhtml+xml", "chars": "<span xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>I agree!</span>" } } ] }

xml <link href="https://circulation.librarysimplified.org/NYNYPL/annotations/Gutenberg%20ID/40278/" type="application/ld+json; profile=&quot;http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld&quot;" rel="http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#annotationService"/>