Adam Smith International
- Jan 2022
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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www.metallacycle.com www.metallacycle.com
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0.0000 0.0009 0.5030 -0.0144 -0.0015 0.0003 0.6693 0.0137 0.0004 0.5301 0.0075 -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.1118 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0276 -0.0657
This list of 19 numbers looks extremely cryptic. What are they? Why 19? Roll back up to the listing of NAOs ("NATURAL POPULATIONS"). How many NAOs does silicon have? Of course, 19! These 19 numbers list the coefficient on each silicon NAO used to build the natural hybrid orbital (NHO) on silicon for this natural bond orbital (NBO).
Each carbon NHO will have 15 coefficients and each hydrogen will have only 2. Why?
For this particular NBO, notice that the hybridization of silicon is essentially \(sp^3\) and that the big NAO contributors are the 3s and 3p orbitals. You usually don't need to look at this listing; you can go right to the hybridization on the line above. Head there now.
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www.metallacycle.com www.metallacycle.com
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0.0000 0.0009 0.5030 -0.0144 -0.0015 0.0003 0.6693 0.0137 0.0004 0.5301 0.0075 -0.0000 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.1118 -0.0000 -0.0000 0.0276 -0.0657
This list of 19 numbers looks extremely cryptic. What are they? Why 19? Roll back up to the listing of NAOs ("NATURAL POPULATIONS"). How many NAOs does silicon have? Of course, 19! These 19 numbers list the coefficient on each silicon NAO used to build the natural hybrid orbital (NHO) on silicon for this natural bond orbital (NBO).
Each carbon NHO will have 15 coefficients and each hydrogen will have only 2. Why?
For this particular NBO, notice that the hybridization of silicon is essentially \(sp^3\) and that the big NAO contributors are the 3s and 3p orbitals. You usually don't need to look at this listing; you can go right to the hybridization on the line above. Head there now.
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www.chronicle.com www.chronicle.com
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The software, which faculty members can customize, typically scans students’ rooms, locks their computer browsers, and monitors eye and head movements through their webcams as they take tests.
Compare this, in principle, to what an exam invigilator does with F2F assessments; 1) they ensure that students aren't communicating with anyone else, 2) ensure that students aren't reviewing banned material in the exam, 3) monitor where students are looking during the exam. No-one has ever seriously complained about that. If the assessment took place in a venue that wasn't a students' room (i.e. the process removed the concerns that someone is looking at their bedrooms), would everything be OK?
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developmentmedia.bamboohr.com developmentmedia.bamboohr.com
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Working as part of the head office staff for a company that operates internationally you will gain broad experience of how the finance function works in the international development sector. More specifically, the Finance Officer role will include the following responsibilities: Ensuring that complete and accurate accounting records for all DMI’s transactions are maintained, and accounting software is updated and reviewed in a timely manner. This includes accounts payable, receivable, cash, and payroll, with all transactions documented appropriately and relevant accounts reconciled each month. Assisting with DMI’s banking operations, including setting up UK and international payments for the weekly payment run, setting up bank accounts, updating mandates/signatories and reconciling accounts. Managing DMI’s payroll process, including liaising with the outsourced payroll company in the UK, and ensuring that DMI’s international offices process payroll in a timely and accurate manner. Ensuring that DMI complies with all relevant financial legislation in the UK and any relevant legislation in the countries where DMI operates. This includes preparing VAT returns and assisting with other statutory returns such as Companies House reports and HMRC returns. Month-End & Year-End: Reviewing DMI’s international offices’ monthly finance accounts to ensure transactions are coded correctly and have been generated in line with DMI’s internal controls. Uploading local financial accounts into the accounting software. Supporting the Head of Finance and the Finance Manager in the consolidation of the yearly accounts and the completion of the audit. Preparing Funder/donor financial reports, ensuring compliance with funder requirements. Acting as a point of contact for DMI staff in UK and international offices for finance queries and providing financial support to team members, ensuring that the policies and procedures of DMI are upheld. Other duties as required by DMI.
JD
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DMI is looking for a Finance Officer to join our small, friendly, and dynamic London team. Working with the Head of Finance and the finance team in the UK, and liaising with relevant staff in DMI’s international offices, the successful candidate will play an important part in ensuring that DMI’s finances are managed effectively and in line with internal policies and statutory requirements.
JD
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www.asc-aqua.org www.asc-aqua.org
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Responsible to: Head of Research Team Responsible for: Supporting the ASC’s work relating to greenhouse gas emissions and climate
JD
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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You will lend him your car or your coat -- but your books are as much a part of you as your head or your heart.
Mortimer J. Adler misses out entirely on the potential value of social annotation by suggesting that one shouldn't share or lend their annotated volumes.
Fortunately this sort of advice wasn't previously dispensed in the middle ages or during the Renaissance, particularly by scholars. (See also The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus by Owen Gingerich in which he outlines the spread of knowledge by sharing books and particularly the annotations within them.)
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thefasttrack.be thefasttrack.beHomepage1
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I feel like I am on the right track career-wise. I have a clear perspective on where I want to go, what I need to do to get there, and I'm well on my way. To be clear, I am not a full-time trainer and do not intend to become one.Currently, I am head of Data Strategy & Analytics at a large Belgian Telco, and the youngest in our company top 100. Rather than focusing 100% of my attention on doing well for myself, I want to spend a small percentage on "taking others with me".My intention for "The Fast Track"I noticed that people who are successful in business often write extremely useful books at the end of their career (many of which I have read) but not as they were going through it, and I have not come across many "teachers" who are actually outperfoming at work themselves at the time of their teaching (or sometimes at any point in time even).I intend to share what I learn along the way rather than after arriving at my destination.
Veel zinnen beginnen met "I", eventueel af en toe anders verwoorden.
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bleacherreport.com bleacherreport.com
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But do you have to be so smug about it all? The moment anybody complains about advanced statistics, you all sound that stat signal and converge upon whatever poor soul said he thought Miguel Cabrera should have won MVP over Mike Trout.I get that things like VORP are great, but it'd be even greater if you could stop beating us over the head with it.
If there are different stats and ways to show that one player is definitely better than the other, and the point of a conversation is to decide who is better, then these stats are incredibly useful.
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.07.475443: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
<table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>Table 2: Resources
<table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The King Fisher™ Flex Magnetic Particle Processor with 96 Deep-Well head and the MagMAX™ Viral/Pathogen II Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit was used for high throughput extraction of patient specimens, and the TaqPath™ COVID-19 Combo Kit was used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab, N protein, and S protein genes by real-time RT-PCR using Applied Biosystems® QuantStudio™ 7 Flex Real Time PCR instruments, QuantStudio™ Real Time PCR Software v1.3, and Applied Biosystems® COVID-19 Interpretive Software.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Applied Biosystems®</div><div>suggested: (Applied Biosystems, RRID:SCR_005039)</div></div></td></tr></table>Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No funding statement was detected.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
<footer>About SciScore
SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.
</footer>
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lie on my back, hands laced behind my head and eyes closed because I know that’s exactly what he’s doing.
This sentence written by the author shows how much connection the brothers share.
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I lie on my back, hands laced behind my head and eyes closed because I know that’s exactly what he’s doing.
This highlights the two brothers' connection and how much he misses his sibling.
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www1.villanova.edu www1.villanova.edu
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It is imperative to face these and other histories of racialized violence head on, to understand the ways that the past informs the present;
Understanding how society functioned in the past is key in learning how to improve in the future
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www.theglobeandmail.com www.theglobeandmail.com
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Still, the idea of vaccine mandates is no longer taboo, and many government leaders support them, even if some have yet to confront the “refuseniks” head on.“I sense that we are seeing a change in views on vaccine mandates, as more people, and politicians, appreciate the consequences for society of significant numbers remaining unvaccinated,” Martin McKee, a professor of European public health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said in an interview. “Of course, there is much more to be done to encourage vaccinations, short of mandates, but there is growing evidence that they do work and those who are determined to hold out are a small minority.”
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www.ccru.net www.ccru.net
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stammerings, stutterings, vocal tics, extralingual phonetics, and electrodigital voice synthesis are so laden with biopolitical intensity - they threaten to bypass the anthropostructural head-smash that establishes our identity with logos, escaping in the direction of numbers.
According to geotrauma theory, clear and articulate speech, and lawful civilization ("Logos") in general, is a way for earth to repress its Hadean Eon trauma. Sounds that are not clear or articulate threaten to destroy this repression, which is why they are so disconcerting and almost dangerous to civilization.
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www.journals.uchicago.edu www.journals.uchicago.edu
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Frederick William displayed the same aggressive approach in his re- forms of the military and the church. Like his grandfather, he served as his own field marshall. In addition to acting as commander-in-chief dur- ing wartime, he also functioned as drillmaster during peacetime with his own private regiment in Potsdam (the famous "tall grenadiers") and with other regiments during his regular tours through the kingdom (Jany 1967, vol. 2; Delbruck 1988, vol. 3). Nor did "the soldier king," as he came to be called, fail to exercise his rights as the head of the church.27 In 1713, he created a superior reformed consistory (reformiertes Ober- konsistorium), and reorganized the entire Reformed church along pres- byterian lines into classes and synod
reforms to church and state echo netherlands
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learn.stoosepp.com learn.stoosepp.com
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So what’s so important about stuff for learning?
Couldn't work out how to highlight or annotate video. The accent takes a little getting used to although subtitles helps. The video is helpful in getting your head around the different concepts and finally there is a practical use for differential calculus and Euclidean distance.
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speeches.byu.edu speeches.byu.edu
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My calling in our ward was Cub Scout leader, and there were two young brothers in my Webelos group. That summer their family was in a terrible car accident. One of the brothers was in critical condition for weeks, and I visited him in the hospital, where he was wrapped nearly head to toe in bandages. This was the early 1990s, when AIDS was not well understood, and this young boy contracted the HIV virus from a blood transfusion. It took many months, but he eventually recovered from most of his injuries, yet at that time being infected with the HIV virus was akin to a death sentence. He was asked to speak in Church about what he had learned from his experience. Although he was only twelve, he gave what I think is the most profound and insightful address on the problem of evil that I have ever heard. He said: Some people have asked me what I did wrong to deserve what happened to me. I’m not perfect, but I’m a good boy, and I know this is not something I deserved. Others have said, “You must be a really strong person for God to give you such a difficult trial.” I don’t feel strong, and anyway, I don’t believe God did this as a reward for my being particularly righteous. No, I don’t think this happened because I’m particularly bad or particularly good. I believe it happened because I’m mortal, and this is part of the price of mortality. We come to earth, we exercise our agency, and other people exercise theirs, and sometimes we hurt each other, and sometimes accidents happen. Think about that—“the price of mortality.”
Story from Myrna:
Son was in counseling, counselor threw a box of tissue across the room and asked "where is that box of tissue supposed to be?" Her son: "On the table.". Counselor: "No, that is where you want it to be. It is across the room because that is where it is supposed to be. I through it across the room - physics, purpose, etc all mean it is SUPPOSED to be across the room. you WANT it on the table but everything that happened, every decision, meant that it is on the floor across the room"
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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Both the character and the weight of state activity varied systematically as a fu nction of the economy that prevailed within a state's boundaries. In CfJercionintensive regions, rulers commonly drew resources fo r warmaking and other activities in kind, through direct requisition and conscription. Customs and excise yielded small returns in relatively uncommercialized economies, but the institution of head taxes and land taxes created ponderous fiscal machines, and put extensive power into the hands of landlords, village heads, and others who exercised intermediate control over essential resources. In capital-intensive regions, the presence of capitalists, commercial exchange, and substantial municipal organizations set serious limits on the state's direct exertion of control over individuals and households, but fa cilitated the use of relatively efficient and painless taxes on commerce as sources of state revenue
coercion-intensive: rulers drew resources for warmaking from head taxes and other ponderous fiscal machines
capital-intensive: effortless tax systems and readily available credit
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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a tweet out to his 81,000 followers her
The amount of outreach and influence that the amount of 'followers' you have will always baffle me because of how irresponsible people can be with such power. And the fact that those mistakes can be the typed just as fast as the thought comes across your head is dangerous.
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fluidmakeup.com fluidmakeup.com
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Se faire un trou
The second-last meaning of "trou": a hole in one's head, made with the "flingue."
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partirai sur la grand route
In a moment of unusual confidence, the Ticket-Puncher expresses his faith that the day will come when he's able to hit the open road, head off into nature...
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ce trou
So many meanings of "hole"! Here, the hole in the ground where he works; the holes he punches in tickets. Soon, the holes he threatens to put in his own head...
If this was the Gainsbarre of the late 70s and 80s, there would be other kinds of holes — but not in 1958.
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J’ai dans la têteUn carnaval de confettis
Nothing too tricky from a linguistic perspective, just wanted to highlight this fun image: "carnival of confetti," all those punched holes, that stick to his clothes like sand in your shoes after a day at the beach...
But why is it in his head? He's not imagining it — it's quite literal. Is it that his brain has been reduced to little fragmented, meaningless bits by his boring, repetitive job?
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iipc.github.io iipc.github.io
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Extracting a WARC record
Once we’ve identified the offset and length of a particular record (in this case, an offset of 1260 bytes and a length of 1085 bytes), we can snip out an individual record like this:
$ tail -c +1261 hello-world.warc | head -c 1085
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outline.com outline.com
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The long-sought British withdrawal from Egypt, the defeat of the security pacts by which the West sought to harness the Arabs against the Soviet Union, the successful nationalization of the Suez Canal, and the failure of the 1956 French-British- Israeli invasion put Egypt at the head of an aroused Arab nationalist movement and resulted in a substantial retreat of Western control from the Middle East.
Some examples of the foreign policy that lead to this outcome
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- Dec 2021
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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The main feature of iA Writer is not having many features. The program is, essentially, a white rectangle, where the user can do little else but type in a custom monospaced font. There are no headers, footers, drawing tools, or chatty paper-clip assistants. The bare-bones interface uses special characters in a simple formatting language called Markdown to bold, italicize, or otherwise transform text—a way of encouraging writers to keep their hands on the keyboard and their minds on their work.
Using a completely blank page as the start of any creative endeavor is a miserable choice for writing. Start with some other object and annotate either on it or next to it. Look at something else as a base. Starting with blank nothing is a recipe for loneliness and disaster. So-called distraction free writing tools are the worst.
Didn't Ernest Hemmingway analogize staring at a blank page like facing a white bull? There is a litany of quotes about writers facing the blank page.
Why not, instead, use the advice of ancient rhetors by starting with the best? Become a bee and collect the best materials for your honey first. If we don't look to them, then perhaps follow the lesson taught by Benjamin Franklin on writing or the same lesson repeated in the movie Finding Forrester. Start with someone else's work and rewrite that until you find your own words. This is what makes writing while annotating so easy and simple. You've got a nice tapestry of textures to begin your work.
Giving birth to something fully formed as if from the head of Zeus is a fallacy. It only works for the gods.
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ancientolympics.arts.kuleuven.be ancientolympics.arts.kuleuven.be
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glans
any small rounded body or glandlike mass, such as the head of the penis
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www.goodreads.com www.goodreads.com
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That’s it. That’s the only pro I could think of. What were some cons?• From January 1st, 2021, there was a “judge” behind my head, forming impressions and making “hmmmm” and “ummmm” noises when I picked up a book, failed to read on a consistent, schedule, etc.• I felt as though I could not pick up more difficult books and gain from them, as I felt that any longer and/or more difficult book would throw me off my path. I wanted to do some of the classic “Hard Books” ™ in 2021, and that never happened.• I also started to have the completely irrational thought that it somehow “wouldn’t count” toward the challenge if I just picked up and read something that I enjoyed, but that was immensely short. This included most poetry (though I did read some) and most graphic novels (ditto). This is a damn shame, because I would have loved to delve more into both of these genres, and will be doing so a lot more.
You end up optimizing for the thing that you were measuring.
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commoncrawl.org commoncrawl.org
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WAT Response Format
WAT files contain important metadata about the records stored in the WARC format above. This metadata is computed for each of the three types of records (metadata, request, and response). If the information crawled is HTML, the computed metadata includes the HTTP headers returned and the links (including the type of link) listed on the page.
This information is stored as JSON. To keep the file sizes as small as possible, the JSON is stored with all unnecessary whitespace stripped, resulting in a relatively unreadable format for humans. If you want to inspect the JSON file yourself, use one of the many JSON pretty print tools available.
The HTTP response metadata is most likely to be of interest to CommonCrawl users. The skeleton of the JSON format is outlined below.
Envelope WARC-Header-Metadata Payload-Metadata HTTP-Response-Metadata Headers HTML-Metadata Head Title Scripts Metas Links Links Container
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.20.21268124: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
<table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr></table>Table 2: Resources
<table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Antibodies</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing: The DCI central laboratory assesses serum anti-spike IgG antibody against the receptor binding domain of the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen using a US-FDA-EUA-approved chemiluminescent assay (ADVIA Centaur® XP/XPT COV2G).</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>anti-spike IgG</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">These variables include: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine name and dates administered, age, sex, race (Black, White, Native American, Asian/Pacific Islander, Other/Unknown), ethnicity (Hispanic or Non-Hispanic), US state and county of residence, congregate living status (e.g., nursing home, long term care facility), modality (in-center hemodialysis, home hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis), date of ESRD, body mass index, dialysis dose delivered (Kt/V), serum albumin, hepatitis B surface antibody, immunosuppression (immune-modulating medications, prior transplant, immunodeficiency disorder), substance abuse disorder (tobacco, alcohol or drug), and other comorbid conditions.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>Islander</div><div>suggested: (Islander, RRID:SCR_007758)</div></div></td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Statistical analyses were performed using SAS v9.4.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>SAS</div><div>suggested: (SASqPCR, RRID:SCR_003056)</div></div></td></tr></table>Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:However, there are limitations associated with this study. Due to the observational design, residual biases (e.g., misclassification of vaccine exposure in patients vaccinated outside the clinic, inability to identify all asymptomatic infections) and confounding may exist. Randomized clinical trials comparing individual COVID-19 vaccines head-to-head are not likely to be performed in this population. The electronic health records do not contain standardized documentation of COVID-19 symptoms and therefore we could not estimate vaccine effectiveness with regard to mitigating or tempering severity of symptoms. Although the model adjusted for likelihood to follow mask, social distancing and vaccine recommendations throughout the US by adjusting for state and county level presidential election voting records, individual patient actual adherence to those recommendations is not known. Finally, we did not know the specific SARS-CoV-2 variant for each infection and attributed all infections to the Delta variant after June 26, 2021. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective in maintenance dialysis patients, reducing the risk of both COVID-19 cases and COVID-related hospitalization or death. COVID-19 cases increased during the Delta variant dominant period and current immunosuppression criteria are limited in identifying dialysis patients at highest breakthrough risk. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential utility of antibody titer monitoring to determine patients ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
<footer>About SciScore
SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.
</footer>
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Reviewer #2 (Public Review):
A fundamental aspect of sleep is that it is homeostatically regulated. Sleep homeostasis manifests along two dimensions, sleep duration and sleep intensity. Following sleep loss, animals can recover lost sleep by sleeping longer, sleeping deeper, or doing both. In many species, sleep duration can be measured behaviorally (e.g., the animal is immobile in a sleep posture with closed eyes) or electrophysiologically, via measuring brain activity (electroencephalogram, EEG) along with other physiological parameters that change between wakefulness and sleep. Sleep intensity is measured by determining the amount of stimulation needed to awaken an animal. As this method is disruptive to sleep, the quantity (spectral power) of slow waves in the EEG, which correlates with sleep intensity in mammals, is often used to measure sleep intensity.
Most of our understanding about sleep homeostasis is derived from controlled laboratory experiments where ecological pressures are minimized. However, little is known about how animals reconcile ecological pressures for wakefulness with the homeostatic need for sleep. In this paper, the authors used a neck mounted accelerometer and GPS device to characterize the sleep behavior of a troop of baboons living in the wild. Although EEG devices are now being used to record sleep in a variety of animals in the wild (i.e., sloths, sandpipers, owls, and frigatebirds), this method is not suitable for wild baboons, as they would likely attempt to remove the equipment. However, accelerometry can be used to estimate the time spent sleeping in the wild, once validated against either direct measures of sleep behavior (posture, eye state, immobility) or EEG measures of sleep. In the current paper, accelerometry was validated against behavioral measures of sleep obtained with thermal cameras; immobile baboons sitting with the head hung were considered to be asleep.
Using accelerometry, the authors investigated the impact that various ecological factors had on the time spent sleeping. Baboons slept more when spending the night in their preferred trees. They slept less when sleeping in larger groups, apparently due to awakenings of individuals disrupting the sleep of other group members. Indeed, the timing of bouts of sleep and wakefulness were more synchronous within groups sharing the same tree. The time spent sleeping on a given night was not influenced by how much time the baboons spent sleeping the previous night or how much time they were active during the day. As one might expect the baboons to recover lost sleep following a night with less sleep by sleeping longer, the authors suggest that ecological factors interfere with the homeostatic regulation of sleep. The lack of a relationship between the time spent traveling and sleep duration on the following night was also interpreted as evidence for ecological factors interfering with the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
The results support the authors' interpretation if one only considers sleep duration as a means for recovering lost sleep. However, effective sleep homeostasis could have been mediated by modulating sleep intensity. Baboons that lost some sleep on one night might recover this sleep by sleeping deeper, but not longer, on the subsequent night. Without measuring sleep intensity, it is not possible to have a full accounting of the amount of sleep obtained under the various ecological conditions.
Despite this limitation, the authors present a large and unique dataset on the ecology of sleep in highly social animals living in the wild. The finding that baboons sleep less when sleeping in trees with which they are less familiar, illustrates that safe sleep sites are an important resource for animals. The synchrony between bouts of wakefulness and sleep among group members is also interesting, as it suggests that the group does not maximize vigilance by sleeping and waking asynchronously, as some researchers had proposed. In addition, it suggests that a potential cost of sleeping in groups is disrupted sleep. As such, this study adds to our understanding of the ecology of sleep in socially sleeping animals.
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Reviewer #1 (Public Review):
By presenting the detrimental effect of accumulative heterozygous mutations on the sperm head morphology, this report by Martinez and colleagues brings new attention to a wildly accepted paradigm in male germ cells that genetically haploid spermatids are phenotypically diploid, suggesting that multiple heterozygous mutations can lead to unexplained male infertility. The merit of this manuscript is the conceptual advance - oligogenic mutations as the possible cause of male infertility - the manuscript proposes, the strong rationale and reasoning of the motivation of the study, and development of a new tool to visually and quantitatively assess sperm head morphology which will benefit the field in general. The weakness that offsets these strengths is that the sperm phenotypes of the multiple heterozygous mice - while significant - are quite subtle in morphological changes and lack physiological phenotype. The study also does not provide data to support molecular mechanisms such as changes in the protein levels or localizations in their animal models. Due to these limitations, at currently presented the study remains rather descriptive and speculative. It would also be better to avoid excessive novelty claims.
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Reviewer #2 (Public Review):
Digenic and oligogenic inheritance are extensions of monogenic disease models, in which effects of variation at two loci (digenic) or a few loci (oligogenic) contribute to the overall phenotype of an individual. The existence of oligogenic inheritance has been appreciated in human genetics for decades, and has been especially well documented for rare disorders with extensive locus heterogeneity, such as retinal degeneration, a condition for which more than 250 loci have been identified (Kousi and Katsanis 2015). Male infertility, itself a collection of diverse and often severe disorders affecting sperm count and sperm morphology, is likely to be driven by as many or even more loci as retinal degeneration, and is thus likely to feature oligogenic inheritance in some familial cases. Indeed, hypogonadic hypogonadism is one of the earliest and best examples of a human disease displaying digenic inheritance. Nonetheless, numerous challenges abound in the identification of digenic or oligogenic causes of male infertility, and validated examples in humans and model organisms are badly needed. In this study, Martinez et al. demonstrate oligogenic inheritance of sperm abnormalities by breeding a series of KO strains known to feature multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). This is a significant paper for both the sperm abnormality field and for the broader male infertility community. the experiments and analyses are straightforward and the manuscript is well written.
My primary concerns are simply about the description of the experiments and analyses themselves.<br> 1. There are numerous references to the "% of abnormal cells", "% of head abnormalities", "% flagellum abnormalities" (Figures 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5, 6 and elsewhere). There are no clear definitions of how a cell is classified as "abnormal" or a head is classified as "abnormal" or a flagellum is classified as "abnormal". Are these all defined from manual classification of images? This seems essential to know if someone would like to reproduce this experiment.
2. In order to be of most value to the community, it would be helpful to provide the individual-level data behind Figures 5,6,7, indexed by genotype. Currently the supplementary tables just contain the summary statistics for each group. Further, for the individual level data, it would be good to decode the labels from "two genes" and "three genes" to the actual genotypes, since there are multiple genotypes in those groups. These data could be used for fitting genetic models to each of the traits (e.g. to estimate additive effects, epistatic effects, etc).
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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The framers of the US Constitution, for example, were quiteexplicitly anti-democratic and made clear in their own publicstatements that they designed the Federal Government in largepart to head off the risk of ‘democracy’ breaking out in one ofthe former colonies (they were particularly worried aboutPennsylvania). Meanwhile, actual direct democratic decision-making had been practised regularly in various parts of Africaor Amazonia, or for that matter in Russian or French peasantassemblies, for thousands of years; see Graeber 2007b.
To most Americans today, this in an incredibly radical statement. Worth pulling up the reference and seeing the evidence on this.
Given the reference, this is more attributable to David Graeber.
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en.wikisource.org en.wikisource.org
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Long while by various visions of the night Am I beset, since to Ionian lands With marshalled host my son went forth to war. Yet never saw I presage so distinct As in the night now passed.—Attend my tale!— A dream I had: two women nobly clad Came to my sight, one robed in Persian dress, The other vested in the Dorian garb, And both right stately and more tall by far Than women of to-day, and beautiful Beyond disparagement, and sisters sprung Both of one race, but, by their natal lot, One born in Hellas, one in Eastern land. These, as it seemed unto my watching eyes, Roused each the other to a mutual feud: The which my son perceiving set himself To check and soothe their struggle, and anon Yoked them and set the collars on their necks; And one, the Ionian, proud in this array, Paced in high quietude, and lent her mouth, Obedient, to the guidance of the rein. But restively the other strove, and broke The fittings of the car, and plunged away With mouth un-bitted: o'er the broken yoke My son was hurled, and lo! Darius stood In lamentation o'er his fallen child.
The Persian (By Edmund Doidge Anderson Morshead). The queen dreamed that her son was lost in the war. She especially said in the last paragraph, my son was thrown away. I can see that she is surprised and terrified, but also very worried. At the same time, like the Aeschylus version, it also describes her worry and fear of losing her child. But Aeschylus did not describe in detail how her child was lost. The Morshead version described in detail that her son's head was pierced in by auto parts and then lost his life. This version can be more graphic, and I can feel from the text that the queen is very nervous and scared.
SHANGBIN WU CC BY-SA
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fa21psy352.commons.gc.cuny.edu fa21psy352.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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IGURE 4.1 The idealized man of colonial ancestry, drawn to scale from Ales Hrdlicka's studies. The outline of the face is almost oblong; the head is high and "well-developed," which was supposed to denote "superior intelligence." Eugenicists strived to maintain this type in the U.S. population
This was seen as ideal and being superior
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crossing-boundaries-of-doubt.net crossing-boundaries-of-doubt.net
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Head of State, His Excellency the President of the Republic
At the time the head of state was Paul Biya. He is the second longest ruling president in Africa, the longest ruling leader in the world who wasn't royal, and the oldest head of state in Africa. He has detained citizens for speaking out against his rule and extravagant lifestyle.
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most people trained in our subjects are aware of is the 00:28:22 phenomenon of slavery among non farming populations and actually the classic example is precisely that of the the indigenous societies of the Northwest Coast who are known to have kept slaves 00:28:36 who were actually hereditary slaves in their households which were organized on these highly stratified aristocratic sort of lines what nobody seems to have 00:28:48 been interested up to now is why this practice of keeping slaves seems to sort of fizzle out and stop as you head south into what is now broadly speaking the 00:29:00 area of coastal California
How many non-agricultural societies practiced slavery?
Apparently some indigenous societies on the American Northwest Coast did down into coastal California.
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forum.effectivealtruism.org forum.effectivealtruism.org
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he current results are telling us more about the structure of the model than about the world. For real results, go try the Jupyter notebook!
I would love for this to be made more user friendly and explained better! I was able to run it but its hard to wrap your head around all the parameters while you are doing it.
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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Though masculine sexu- ality gravitates around the penis, engendering that centralized body (in political anatomy) under the dictatorship of its parts, woman does not bring about the same regionalization which serves the couple head/genitals and which is inscribed only within boundaries.
Diego cannot remain faithful to Frida.. his central focus is through his penis.
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elodiaperez.wordpress.com elodiaperez.wordpress.com
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As soon as I step outside of my house, however, it’s a whole different conversation.
In my first draft I talked about how the program (HS)2 was a way in which I was able to find "myself". But I did not add sufficient background as to what kind of person I was before that and how I go to become that person. So I added a specific moment in my life that has stuck to my head which was my in Mrs. Ramirez's fifth-grade class and the example of a fight my siblings Victor and Valeria had to form a picture of the kind of person I was at home and at school before attending (HS)2.
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revengeofthesithisthebeststarwarsmovie.wordpress.com revengeofthesithisthebeststarwarsmovie.wordpress.comHome2
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As I continue to stand still, looking outwards, my heavy, irregular breathing from my run slowly becomes more steady and relaxed. Every part of the image in front of me,
In my rough draft, I began this paragraph by immediately talking about about the "image in front of me". The problem was that I failed to mention what I was doing in the moment while these thoughts were racing through my head. Without this sentence, the reader not only is unaware of whether I am standing, sitting, or still running, but they also could potentially lose focus in all the description of the surroundings. This addition was crucial in allowing the final essay to flow more smoothly and feel less like a long list of descriptions and more like a story.
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It is as if I am in another world at that moment. As my eyes remain tightly shut, the wind takes me to the rolling hills of the Shire on a cool summer’s eve. I hear the sounds of children playing far away, crickets chirping all around me, and then a large Boom! as one of Gandalf’s fireworks explodes in the night sky, casting down light that flickers delicately upon my eyelids. The cool summer breeze continues to gently caress my face and I lean back to rest my head against an ancient willow tree and doze off to a peaceful sleep.
This section of text did not exist in my first draft of the essay. Instead, I ended this paragraph with a sentence stating that the feeling of the wind on my skin was powerful in connecting me to the natural world. The primary reason I decided to edit and add to this section was to give more specificity and detail to the work. Simply saying that something was "incredibly powerful with connecting me with the natural world" is vague and boring. It doesn't give the reader anything to work with. So, I decided to spend some time thinking about how the wind actually made me feel and why I even mentioned it in the first place. Eventually, I settled on this peaceful description of the Shire seen here. As someone who loves "The Lord of the Rings", The Shire has always been practically synonymous with peace and serenity. It is usually the first thing my mind goes to in moments like these. Therefore, I thought it would be the perfect addition and clarification to the description of the wind. This section allows the reader to see much more clearly how I experience the feeling of the wind, not just as something that is powerful with connecting me to the natural world, but as something that can vividly transport me to another world.
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If your site has multiple URLs for the same content, share the page's canonical URL instead of the current URL. Instead of sharing
document.location.href, you would check for a canonical URL<meta>tag in the page's<head>and share that. This will provide a better experience to the user. Not only does it avoid redirects, but it also ensures that a shared URL serves the correct user experience for a particular client. For example, if a friend shares a mobile URL and you look at it on a desktop computer, you should see a desktop version:let url = document.location.href; const canonicalElement = document.querySelector('link[rel=canonical]'); if (canonicalElement !== null) { url = canonicalElement.href; } navigator.share({url});
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hocclevesociety.org hocclevesociety.org
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But then I thought on the other side of things: ‘If I’m not seen among the crowds, people will think that I hide my head and am worse than I am, that’s the truth.’ O Lord, my spirit was so restless, I sought rest and I did not find it, yet trouble was always ready at hand.
Hoccleve literally can not win in this situation. No matter what he does, people are going to dislike him for his differences.
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www.sbnation.com www.sbnation.com
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Richard lowered his head and neck to buttress himself for the collision then straightened,
I cannot believe that they played hockey without helmets back then. I would tend to believe most of these guys suffered concussion a lot from fighting and falling on the ice
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The Rocket Richard Riot
Compared to today, I have no idea how they did not wear any head protection.
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Not surprising, then, that a French paper published a cartoon of Campbell’s bloody head on a platter with the caption, “This is how we would like to see him.”
This is showing how the media controls the public's view on different matters. Still happens today unfortunately
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Laycoe lunges at Richard. His stick blade clips the Rocket above the left ear and opens a gash. The blood stains his scalp. Incensed, Richard swings his stick with two-fisted fury at Laycoe. He hits him with such force across the shoulders that his stick splinters. Laycoe sheds his gloves and rushes at Richard, who drops his gloves. The two thrash at one another with their fists.
Sometimes getting upset can help motivate you to be a better player. I always always taught in sports to have sportsmanship and to be respectful. It is much better to lose with your head held high than to just to fight it out.. I mean when you fight or get into brawls, what did you gain?
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Le Rocket glances about in wonderment, shakes his head and dabs at his eyes. Rather than subsiding, the cheers gain momentum. Five minutes. The emcee tries to break in, “Mesdames et messieurs …” but they continue with their crescendo.
What an amazing honor. It would have been awesome to see this and feel the love from the crowd.
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Reviewer #3 (Public Review):
Cecilia-Martinez et al., implement a task that allows the study of premature versus timely actions in rats. First, they show that rats can learn this task. Next, they record the activity in the DMS showing start/stop signals in the cells recorded, next they propose that the activity detected before the release of actions sequences discriminate the premature vs the timely initiations showing a relationship between the waiting time and the activity of cells recorded, furthermore they show that it could be the expectancy of reward what could be encoded in the activity before entering the port. Last they show that adolescent rats show more premature starts than adult rats documenting a difference in activity modulation of DMS cells in the relation between waiting time and firing rate (although above the premature threshold, see comments below).
Overall the paper is well presented describing a well-developed set of experiments.
1) I understand rats learn to execute sequences of <8licks or 8 licks, although diagrams are presented, no examples of the individual trials with 8 licks, neither distributions of bouts of these licks are presented.
2) Relevant to the statement: "in this task, the firing rate modulation preceding trial initiation discriminates between premature and timely trials and does not predict the speed, regularity, structure, value or vigor of the subsequently released action sequence"... It is not clear if the latency to first lick (plot 2D) and the inter-lick interval (2E) is only from the 8Lick sequences or not. If that is not the case, it is important to compare only the ones with 8Licks.
3) Related to the implications of the previous statement, there seems to be a tendency for longer latency to first lick in timely vs premature trials in Figure 2D (timely-trials-Late vs premature-trials-late)? Again here it is important to compare the 8licks sequences only.
4) I could not find in the main text whether the individual points in Fig.2 (e.g. 2B-E) are individual animals. Please specify that.
5) Although very elegant the argument presented in Figure 4C and 6C, I wonder if the head acceleration may lose differences in movements outside the head in the two kinds of trials. If that is the case please acknowledge it.
6) Also in 4C, small separations between timely vs premature signals are seen before 0. Is there a way to know if animals in timely vs premature trials approached the entry port in the same way? This request is pertinent in order to rule out motor contribution to the differences in Figure 4A-B.
7) when saying: "Similar results were obtained in rats trained with a longer waiting interval (Supplementary Figure 5)", "is hard to see the similarity in the premature range, while in the 2.5 seconds task there is a positive relationship in the 5 seconds task it is not.
8) The data showing that the waiting modulation of reward anticipation grows at a faster rate in adolescent rats is clear, however, it is not clear how it could be related to the data showing that the adolescent rats were more impulsive.
9) Related to the sentence: "the strength of anticipatory activity increased with the time waited before response release and was higher in the more impulsive adolescent rats"....One may expect to see a difference in the range of the premature time however the differences were observed in the range >2.5 seconds. Please explain how to reconcile this finding with the fact that the adolescent rats were more impulsive.
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sammywoodportfolio.wordpress.com sammywoodportfolio.wordpress.com
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The tangled mess of carbohydrates had become a staple in my diet.
Here I worked to create a description that would paint a picture in my reader's head through concrete details. I wanted to change up the way I described buttered noodles so that it did not seem as repetitive for the reader.
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www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
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"But I cannot bear it, I tell you-the thirst and the pain all through my body, and my head that bums like fire ... My God! It is certain that I am to die."
Seems as though Maria's mother has come down with an illness.
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You see he often went trapping in winter when he was not in the shanties, and one season when he was at the head of the Riviere aux Foins, quite alone, a tree that he was cutting for firewood slipped in falling, and it was the Indians who found him by chance next day, crushed and half-frozen though the weather was mild. He was in their game preserve, and they might very well have pretended not to see him and have left him to die there; but they put him on their toboggan, brought him to their camp, and looked after him. You knew my father: a rough man who often took a glass, but just in his dealings, and with a good name for doing that sort of thing himself. So when he parted with these Indians he told them to stop and see him in the spring when they would be coming down to Pointe Bleue with their furs-François Paradis of Mistassini,' said he to them, will not forget what you have done ... François Paradis.' And when they came in spring while running the river he looked after them well and every one carried away a new ax, a fine woollen blanket and tobacco for six months. Always after that they used to pay us a visit in the spring, and father had the pick of their best skins for less than the companies' buyers had to pay. When he died they treated me in the same way be cause I was his son and bore the same name, François Paradis. With more capital I could have made a good bit of money in this trade-a good bit of money."
Very interesting story.
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leaving the Habs' star cut on the head after a high stick. A brawl ensued, and the Rocket broke his CCM stick over Laycoe's back.
It is interesting that this is allowed in hockey, but in any other sport, the player would be ejected and most likely miss games.
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eaving the Habs' star cut on the head after a high stick. A brawl ensued, and the Rocket broke his CCM stick over Laycoe's back.
if a player did that today,they would be fined and suspended form play for awhile
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leaving the Habs' star cut on the head after a high stick. A brawl ensued, and the Rocket broke his CCM stick over Laycoe's back.
I swear in other sports, if this were to happen, you would be out of the game and even may be done with your professional career.
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leaving the Habs' star cut on the head after a high stick. A brawl ensued, and the Rocket broke his CCM stick over Laycoe's back.
gives some insight to Richard's usual tactics and actions while playing. I cannot imagine using this violence or watching it
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A study published in 2007 by Iowa State University psychologist Douglas Gentile and Dr. James Rosser, head of minimally invasive surgery at Boston’s Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, compared laparoscopic surgeons who play video games with those who do not.
In the description of Douglass Gentile's bio it says that he is a award winning research scientist, author, educator, he also is a professor of research at Iowa state University
In the description of James Rosser it states that he is general specialist in Silver City, NM and has over 41 years of experience in the medical field. He graduated Univesity of MS school of Medical school in 1980.
This seems to be a reliable source as both of these indicate since Douglass Gintile is a proven award winning research scientists, educator, and author as well as having 30 years of experience in the field also for Dr. James Rosser is a proven medical specialist who has 41 year of experience and he is a graduate of the University of the Mississippi school of medicine. The conclusion that I gain from there experience in their felid is their evidence is reliable when it comes to this specific test
Here is the Link for Doctor James Rosser and Douglass Gentile's website:https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-james-rosser-yq7y6 https://www.healthgrades.com/physician/dr-james-rosser-yq7y6
Fact Checking week 7
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Barnett did concede it may be that children who already have higher object control skills are more attracted to interactive electronic games more, although adults who play video games have also been observed to have better motor skills than non-gamers.A study published in 2007 by Iowa State University psychologist Douglas Gentile and Dr. James Rosser, head of minimally invasive surgery at Boston’s Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, compared laparoscopic surgeons who play video games with those who do not.In laparoscopic procedures, surgeons use small incisions and work with tiny video cameras and thin surgical tools. Even after taking into account differences in age, years of medical training and the number of past laparoscopic surgeries performed the study found that surgeons who played video games were 27 per cent faster and made 37 per cent fewer errors than those who didn't.“The single best predictor of their skills is how much they had played video games in the past and how much they played now,” said Gentile. “Those were better predictors of surgical skills than years of training and number of surgeries performed.”
This is a deductive argument because the logical conclusion which is hat children and adults who play video games have higher motor control is supported by the logical premise which includes statistical evidence from credible sources such as Boston's Beth Israel Deaconess Medical centre.
This is modus ponens because the logical argument supports the conclusion
If A then B
A Therefore, B
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blogs.dickinson.edu blogs.dickinson.edu
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Even what was beyond us was recast in our image
This is highlighting that what we thought we knew about the things around us are sometimes false realities, and rather images we recast in our head.
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gcs.instructure.com gcs.instructure.com
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swiveling back
turned his head quickly; rather violent. shows he was highly eager to see what was about to happen next after the shot
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and swiveling back to see an orange blur floating perfectly through the net
This tells us that he made the shot into the net but the fact that he only saw an orange blur after he fell is personally concerning and seems to imply that he hit his head and got badly hurt.
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man letting the play develop in front of him in slow motion
imagining the play in his head and him trying to process the play
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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surrounding walls, a monumentally defmed agora, a theatre, at least one gymnasion, stoas, fountain houses, a council house and/or prytaneion (town hall) . And with this infrastructure went administrative offices - the agoranomos (market warden), the mmnasiarchos (head of gymnasium), amphodarchai (street governors), astynomoi (city wardens) - each of which should be properly defined and regulated by adminis- trative laws
5
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.12.08.21267452: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
<table><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Ethics</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Consent: Individuals were considered eligible if they were aged 16 years or older, and willing and able to sign a digital informed consent in Dutch.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Sex as a biological variable</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Secondary outcomes were diagnostic accuracies stratified by presence of symptoms at the time of sampling (yes or no), COVID-19 vaccination status (vaccinated with at least one dose yes or no), having had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (yes or no), gender (female or male), and age (≥16 to ≤40 or >40 to ≤65 or >65 years).</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Randomization</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Blinding</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">not detected.</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;margin-right:1em; border-right:1px solid lightgray; border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">Power Analysis</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">13 We therefore based our sample size calculation on an expected sensitivity of 80% for each self-performed Ag-RDT, with a margin of error of 7%, type I error of 5% and power of 80%.</td></tr></table>Table 2: Resources
<table><tr><th style="min-width:100px;text-align:center; padding-top:4px;" colspan="2">Software and Algorithms</th></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;text=align:center">Sentences</td><td style="min-width:100px;text-align:center">Resources</td></tr><tr><td style="min-width:100px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray">The study is reported according to the STARD 2015 guidelines: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies.</td><td style="min-width:100px;border-bottom:1px solid lightgray"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><div>STARD</div><div>suggested: None</div></div></td></tr></table>Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Strengths and limitations of this study: Strengths of this study include the large overall sample size covering multiple test sites nationwide, collection of samples for the reference and two Ag-RDTs in the same individuals within a few hours allowing for a head-to-head comparison of the two self-tests, sampling done by the participants themselves without any supervision conform the real-world context of self-testing, blinding of the index for the reference test result and vice versa, and the use of a proxy for infectiousness. Furthermore, the follow-up information showed that very few infections were missed by the molecular reference tests. Our study also has some limitations. First, the reference standards that we used were molecular tests, but platforms and test kits used differed among the centralized laboratories. However, the diagnostic accuracies of all molecular tests used are similarly high25,26, and we therefore believe that this has not influenced our findings significantly. In addition, Ct values used to calculate viral loads were determined by different yet comparable platforms (supplementary material 3). Second, we used the viral load cut-off above which 95% of people with a positive RT-PCR test result had a positive virus culture as a proxy of infectiousness. Although this cut-off is not fully evidence based3, it is a best estimate based on current knowledge, and less arbitrary than using Ct cut-offs of 25 or 30 as is often done.27,28 In the current study, we r...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet02-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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Albert reacted fearfully, apparently for the firsttime in his life. This gave Watson an unconditioned emotional response with which towork. He wanted to find out if he could produce in Albert a conditioned emotionalresponse—such as fear of a white rat that he had not previously been afraid of—by pairingthe sight of the rat with the loud, startling noise. In no more than seven pairings of thewhite rat with the noise, the child showed fear every time he spotted the rat, even whenthe bar had not been struck behind his head
This proves that the experiment was unethical because Little Albert was traumatized throughout it and came out of it with a fear he didn't have before.
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fdeberhart.wordpress.com fdeberhart.wordpress.com
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As soon as the batter starts his swing, I know it’s coming to me. I move swiftly towards the ball and prepare to flip it to second. I count the hops. 1, 2, 3. Oh no. I miscalculated. The ball glances off my glove and I scramble to make a throw. SAFE! I hang my head. My teammates console me with half-hearted comments. “Hey, get the next one. Don’t think about it man. Shake it off.” The inning ends with a crooked number on the scoreboard. We are losing 6-5. It’s my fault.
I added this entire paragraph in order to show how I had lost confidence in myself. Previously, I had only written about my home run and left out the part about my crucial error. Although I mentioned the doubts in my head, I didn't provide the full story behind it. Adding this section allows the reader to see exactly what is going through my mind down to the second. When you read it, it's almost like you are there with me. I did this by adding concrete and sensory details about the error. You are with me every step of the way. I chose to include my own negative thoughts so that my emotions are apparent. That way, when I finally do redeem myself, the victory seems that much more powerful. You can see the internal battle that I conquered.
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fdeberhart.wordpress.com fdeberhart.wordpress.com
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But I’m learning to speak new words. Words of affirmation and assurance. You got this. Keep going. The point isn’t that I’ll always succeed in every venture. Knowing that my voice has power and that the words I speak to myself matter, I’m choosing to internalize a new script. It’s not easy to overtake that little voice in the back of my head. But it’s necessary.
I felt like my conclusion needed a little more nuance. I didn't want to just tell a feel-good story that everyone's heard a thousand times before. Previously I had written that everything had gotten better and my attempts at fixing my anxiety fully worked. Obviously, that isn't the truth. It's never that easy. So, instead, I was brutally honest with myself and the reader by saying that I am constantly working on it, but it's hard. I won't always succeed. This adds a level of reality to my essay that makes it more relatable. I think that it is a much more powerful way to end because the struggle continues beyond the page. I used my knowledge of effective conclusions to leave the reader with a way that they can think about their own struggles. It's impossible to do it all in one day, but you can work at it over time.
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These words truly rocked my world. I could hear the worry in your voice. It scared me. It was what you said next, though, that got me thinking. “You don’t have to listen to that voice.” After this conversation, I began to think about the thoughts in my head differently. I decided I should try to ignore the anxious thoughts as if they are some distant radio and get on with my life. Maybe then the anxiety could lessen and disappear. Why should I let myself be controlled by this inner voice? Can I just trick my brain to not worry as much?
This was a portion that I significantly changed. Previously, all I had written after the conversation was, "These words truly rocked my world." That was not specific enough and didn't provide the information about the internal struggle I was facing. By adding the rest, I was able to set in motion my path to fighting this battle. I re-read the rubric to see that I needed a pivotal moment in the story. This section right here became that moment. This is the first time where I explain the strategies that I begin to use in my head. This was necessary in order to create the arc of the story that I wanted. You can literally see the wheels turning in my brain, as I am working through how to deal with my inner voice.
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Man, things couldn’t get much better than this. And then out of nowhere, my anxiety takes the reins. My friends continue their laughter, commenting on how carefree and relaxed they feel. Right then, it hits me. I can’t do that. I don’t know how to fully let go. I wasn’t aware that it was possible. Thousands of questions constantly prowl through the depths of my mind. I’m so in my head that I rarely stop to experience the present moment. I get up from my seat and decide to take a walk. I do this a lot. It’s hard to explain why. When I stay in one spot for too long, I can get consumed by the tsunami of my thoughts. Walking back and forth gives me control over myself. Something I don’t have very often.
I wrote this paragraph completely from scratch after my meeting. My first draft contained almost no anecdotes/stories that explained how my anxiety operated. I was using "big voice" throughout the whole essay, and that made it feel more distant and less personal. I decided to add this so that my girlfriend would be able to see exactly how my anxiety manifests itself in everyday life. Specifically, in this paragraph, I detail how even in the most relaxing moments, I am still unable to break free from the tight grip that is my anxiety. I decided to paint the beautiful picture in the first half so that when my anxiety takes over there is a stark contrast. I use a metaphor by comparing my thoughts to a tsunami, in order to help my girlfriend understand how I feel in these situations. She is very used to me constantly pacing, and this helps her make sense of why I do it.
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clerval612923680.wordpress.com clerval612923680.wordpress.com
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It wasn’t until Billy Beane took over as the head General Manager of the A’s that advanced analytics took over the organization. He promoted Paul DePodesta, a Harvard graduate with a degree in economics that never played baseball, to his assistant manager position.
I removed a lot of insignificant details from the end of this paragraph because they took away from my main point. While the inclusion of the origins of Moneyball were important to my overall argument, it originally ran on for too long.
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classroom.google.com classroom.google.com
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According to all known laws of aviation,
there is no way a bee should be able to fly.
Its wings are too small to get its fat little body off the ground.
The bee, of course, flies anyway
because bees don't care what humans think is impossible.
Yellow, black. Yellow, black. Yellow, black. Yellow, black.
Ooh, black and yellow! Let's shake it up a little.
Barry! Breakfast is ready!
Ooming!
Hang on a second.
Hello?
- Barry?
- Adam?
- Oan you believe this is happening?
- I can't. I'll pick you up.
Looking sharp.
Use the stairs. Your father paid good money for those.
Sorry. I'm excited.
Here's the graduate. We're very proud of you, son.
A perfect report card, all B's.
Very proud.
Ma! I got a thing going here.
- You got lint on your fuzz.
- Ow! That's me!
- Wave to us! We'll be in row 118,000.
- Bye!
Barry, I told you, stop flying in the house!
- Hey, Adam.
- Hey, Barry.
- Is that fuzz gel?
- A little. Special day, graduation.
Never thought I'd make it.
Three days grade school, three days high school.
Those were awkward.
Three days college. I'm glad I took a day and hitchhiked around the hive.
You did come back different.
- Hi, Barry.
- Artie, growing a mustache? Looks good.
- Hear about Frankie?
- Yeah.
- You going to the funeral?
- No, I'm not going.
Everybody knows, sting someone, you die.
Don't waste it on a squirrel. Such a hothead.
I guess he could have just gotten out of the way.
I love this incorporating an amusement park into our day.
That's why we don't need vacations.
Boy, quite a bit of pomp... under the circumstances.
- Well, Adam, today we are men.
- We are!
- Bee-men.
- Amen!
Hallelujah!
Students, faculty, distinguished bees,
please welcome Dean Buzzwell.
Welcome, New Hive Oity graduating class of...
...9:15.
That concludes our ceremonies.
And begins your career at Honex Industries!
Will we pick ourjob today?
I heard it's just orientation.
Heads up! Here we go.
Keep your hands and antennas inside the tram at all times.
- Wonder what it'll be like?
- A little scary.
Welcome to Honex, a division of Honesco
and a part of the Hexagon Group.
This is it!
Wow.
Wow.
We know that you, as a bee, have worked your whole life
to get to the point where you can work for your whole life.
Honey begins when our valiant Pollen Jocks bring the nectar to the hive.
Our top-secret formula
is automatically color-corrected, scent-adjusted and bubble-contoured
into this soothing sweet syrup
with its distinctive golden glow you know as...
Honey!
- That girl was hot.
- She's my cousin!
- She is?
- Yes, we're all cousins.
- Right. You're right.
- At Honex, we constantly strive
to improve every aspect of bee existence.
These bees are stress-testing a new helmet technology.
- What do you think he makes?
- Not enough.
Here we have our latest advancement, the Krelman.
- What does that do?
- Oatches that little strand of honey
that hangs after you pour it. Saves us millions.
Oan anyone work on the Krelman?
Of course. Most bee jobs are small ones. But bees know
that every small job, if it's done well, means a lot.
But choose carefully
because you'll stay in the job you pick for the rest of your life.
The same job the rest of your life? I didn't know that.
What's the difference?
You'll be happy to know that bees, as a species, haven't had one day off
in 27 million years.
So you'll just work us to death?
We'll sure try.
Wow! That blew my mind!
"What's the difference?" How can you say that?
One job forever? That's an insane choice to have to make.
I'm relieved. Now we only have to make one decision in life.
But, Adam, how could they never have told us that?
Why would you question anything? We're bees.
We're the most perfectly functioning society on Earth.
You ever think maybe things work a little too well here?
Like what? Give me one example.
I don't know. But you know what I'm talking about.
Please clear the gate. Royal Nectar Force on approach.
Wait a second. Oheck it out.
- Hey, those are Pollen Jocks!
- Wow.
I've never seen them this close.
They know what it's like outside the hive.
Yeah, but some don't come back.
- Hey, Jocks!
- Hi, Jocks!
You guys did great!
You're monsters! You're sky freaks! I love it! I love it!
- I wonder where they were.
- I don't know.
Their day's not planned.
Outside the hive, flying who knows where, doing who knows what.
You can'tjust decide to be a Pollen Jock. You have to be bred for that.
Right.
Look. That's more pollen than you and I will see in a lifetime.
It's just a status symbol. Bees make too much of it.
Perhaps. Unless you're wearing it and the ladies see you wearing it.
Those ladies? Aren't they our cousins too?
Distant. Distant.
Look at these two.
- Oouple of Hive Harrys.
- Let's have fun with them.
It must be dangerous being a Pollen Jock.
Yeah. Once a bear pinned me against a mushroom!
He had a paw on my throat, and with the other, he was slapping me!
- Oh, my!
- I never thought I'd knock him out.
What were you doing during this?
Trying to alert the authorities.
I can autograph that.
A little gusty out there today, wasn't it, comrades?
Yeah. Gusty.
We're hitting a sunflower patch six miles from here tomorrow.
- Six miles, huh?
- Barry!
A puddle jump for us, but maybe you're not up for it.
- Maybe I am.
- You are not!
We're going 0900 at J-Gate.
What do you think, buzzy-boy? Are you bee enough?
I might be. It all depends on what 0900 means.
Hey, Honex!
Dad, you surprised me.
You decide what you're interested in?
- Well, there's a lot of choices.
- But you only get one.
Do you ever get bored doing the same job every day?
Son, let me tell you about stirring.
You grab that stick, and you just move it around, and you stir it around.
You get yourself into a rhythm. It's a beautiful thing.
You know, Dad, the more I think about it,
maybe the honey field just isn't right for me.
You were thinking of what, making balloon animals?
That's a bad job for a guy with a stinger.
Janet, your son's not sure he wants to go into honey!
- Barry, you are so funny sometimes.
- I'm not trying to be funny.
You're not funny! You're going into honey. Our son, the stirrer!
- You're gonna be a stirrer?
- No one's listening to me!
Wait till you see the sticks I have.
I could say anything right now. I'm gonna get an ant tattoo!
Let's open some honey and celebrate!
Maybe I'll pierce my thorax. Shave my antennae.
Shack up with a grasshopper. Get a gold tooth and call everybody "dawg"!
I'm so proud.
- We're starting work today!
- Today's the day.
Oome on! All the good jobs will be gone.
Yeah, right.
Pollen counting, stunt bee, pouring, stirrer, front desk, hair removal...
- Is it still available?
- Hang on. Two left!
One of them's yours! Oongratulations! Step to the side.
- What'd you get?
- Picking crud out. Stellar!
Wow!
Oouple of newbies?
Yes, sir! Our first day! We are ready!
Make your choice.
- You want to go first?
- No, you go.
Oh, my. What's available?
Restroom attendant's open, not for the reason you think.
- Any chance of getting the Krelman?
- Sure, you're on.
I'm sorry, the Krelman just closed out.
Wax monkey's always open.
The Krelman opened up again.
What happened?
A bee died. Makes an opening. See? He's dead. Another dead one.
Deady. Deadified. Two more dead.
Dead from the neck up. Dead from the neck down. That's life!
Oh, this is so hard!
Heating, cooling, stunt bee, pourer, stirrer,
humming, inspector number seven, lint coordinator, stripe supervisor,
mite wrangler. Barry, what do you think I should... Barry?
Barry!
All right, we've got the sunflower patch in quadrant nine...
What happened to you? Where are you?
- I'm going out.
- Out? Out where?
- Out there.
- Oh, no!
I have to, before I go to work for the rest of my life.
You're gonna die! You're crazy! Hello?
Another call coming in.
If anyone's feeling brave, there's a Korean deli on 83rd
that gets their roses today.
Hey, guys.
- Look at that.
- Isn't that the kid we saw yesterday?
Hold it, son, flight deck's restricted.
It's OK, Lou. We're gonna take him up.
Really? Feeling lucky, are you?
Sign here, here. Just initial that.
- Thank you.
- OK.
You got a rain advisory today,
and as you all know, bees cannot fly in rain.
So be careful. As always, watch your brooms,
hockey sticks, dogs, birds, bears and bats.
Also, I got a couple of reports of root beer being poured on us.
Murphy's in a home because of it, babbling like a cicada!
- That's awful.
- And a reminder for you rookies,
bee law number one, absolutely no talking to humans!
All right, launch positions!
Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz! Buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz!
Black and yellow!
Hello!
You ready for this, hot shot?
Yeah. Yeah, bring it on.
Wind, check.
- Antennae, check.
- Nectar pack, check.
- Wings, check.
- Stinger, check.
Scared out of my shorts, check.
OK, ladies,
let's move it out!
Pound those petunias, you striped stem-suckers!
All of you, drain those flowers!
Wow! I'm out!
I can't believe I'm out!
So blue.
I feel so fast and free!
Box kite!
Wow!
Flowers!
This is Blue Leader. We have roses visual.
Bring it around 30 degrees and hold.
Roses!
30 degrees, roger. Bringing it around.
Stand to the side, kid. It's got a bit of a kick.
That is one nectar collector!
- Ever see pollination up close?
- No, sir.
I pick up some pollen here, sprinkle it over here. Maybe a dash over there,
a pinch on that one. See that? It's a little bit of magic.
That's amazing. Why do we do that?
That's pollen power. More pollen, more flowers, more nectar, more honey for us.
Oool.
I'm picking up a lot of bright yellow. Oould be daisies. Don't we need those?
Oopy that visual.
Wait. One of these flowers seems to be on the move.
Say again? You're reporting a moving flower?
Affirmative.
That was on the line!
This is the coolest. What is it?
I don't know, but I'm loving this color.
It smells good. Not like a flower, but I like it.
Yeah, fuzzy.
Ohemical-y.
Oareful, guys. It's a little grabby.
My sweet lord of bees!
Oandy-brain, get off there!
Problem!
- Guys!
- This could be bad.
Affirmative.
Very close.
Gonna hurt.
Mama's little boy.
You are way out of position, rookie!
Ooming in at you like a missile!
Help me!
I don't think these are flowers.
- Should we tell him?
- I think he knows.
What is this?!
Match point!
You can start packing up, honey, because you're about to eat it!
Yowser!
Gross.
There's a bee in the car!
- Do something!
- I'm driving!
- Hi, bee.
- He's back here!
He's going to sting me!
Nobody move. If you don't move, he won't sting you. Freeze!
He blinked!
Spray him, Granny!
What are you doing?!
Wow... the tension level out here is unbelievable.
I gotta get home.
Oan't fly in rain.
Oan't fly in rain.
Oan't fly in rain.
Mayday! Mayday! Bee going down!
Ken, could you close the window please?
Ken, could you close the window please?
Oheck out my new resume. I made it into a fold-out brochure.
You see? Folds out.
Oh, no. More humans. I don't need this.
What was that?
Maybe this time. This time. This time. This time! This time! This...
Drapes!
That is diabolical.
It's fantastic. It's got all my special skills, even my top-ten favorite movies.
What's number one? Star Wars?
Nah, I don't go for that...
...kind of stuff.
No wonder we shouldn't talk to them. They're out of their minds.
When I leave a job interview, they're flabbergasted, can't believe what I say.
There's the sun. Maybe that's a way out.
I don't remember the sun having a big 75 on it.
I predicted global warming.
I could feel it getting hotter. At first I thought it was just me.
Wait! Stop! Bee!
Stand back. These are winter boots.
Wait!
Don't kill him!
You know I'm allergic to them! This thing could kill me!
Why does his life have less value than yours?
Why does his life have any less value than mine? Is that your statement?
I'm just saying all life has value. You don't know what he's capable of feeling.
My brochure!
There you go, little guy.
I'm not scared of him. It's an allergic thing.
Put that on your resume brochure.
My whole face could puff up.
Make it one of your special skills.
Knocking someone out is also a special skill.
Right. Bye, Vanessa. Thanks.
- Vanessa, next week? Yogurt night?
- Sure, Ken. You know, whatever.
- You could put carob chips on there.
- Bye.
- Supposed to be less calories.
- Bye.
I gotta say something.
She saved my life. I gotta say something.
All right, here it goes.
Nah.
What would I say?
I could really get in trouble.
It's a bee law. You're not supposed to talk to a human.
I can't believe I'm doing this.
I've got to.
Oh, I can't do it. Oome on!
No. Yes. No.
Do it. I can't.
How should I start it? "You like jazz?" No, that's no good.
Here she comes! Speak, you fool!
Hi!
I'm sorry.
- You're talking.
- Yes, I know.
You're talking!
I'm so sorry.
No, it's OK. It's fine. I know I'm dreaming.
But I don't recall going to bed.
Well, I'm sure this is very disconcerting.
This is a bit of a surprise to me. I mean, you're a bee!
I am. And I'm not supposed to be doing this,
but they were all trying to kill me.
And if it wasn't for you...
I had to thank you. It's just how I was raised.
That was a little weird.
- I'm talking with a bee.
- Yeah.
I'm talking to a bee. And the bee is talking to me!
I just want to say I'm grateful. I'll leave now.
- Wait! How did you learn to do that?
- What?
The talking thing.
Same way you did, I guess. "Mama, Dada, honey." You pick it up.
- That's very funny.
- Yeah.
Bees are funny. If we didn't laugh, we'd cry with what we have to deal with.
Anyway...
Oan I...
...get you something?
- Like what?
I don't know. I mean... I don't know. Ooffee?
I don't want to put you out.
It's no trouble. It takes two minutes.
- It's just coffee.
- I hate to impose.
- Don't be ridiculous!
- Actually, I would love a cup.
Hey, you want rum cake?
- I shouldn't.
- Have some.
- No, I can't.
- Oome on!
I'm trying to lose a couple micrograms.
- Where?
- These stripes don't help.
You look great!
I don't know if you know anything about fashion.
Are you all right?
No.
He's making the tie in the cab as they're flying up Madison.
He finally gets there.
He runs up the steps into the church. The wedding is on.
And he says, "Watermelon? I thought you said Guatemalan.
Why would I marry a watermelon?"
Is that a bee joke?
That's the kind of stuff we do.
Yeah, different.
So, what are you gonna do, Barry?
About work? I don't know.
I want to do my part for the hive, but I can't do it the way they want.
I know how you feel.
- You do?
- Sure.
My parents wanted me to be a lawyer or a doctor, but I wanted to be a florist.
- Really?
- My only interest is flowers.
Our new queen was just elected with that same campaign slogan.
Anyway, if you look...
There's my hive right there. See it?
You're in Sheep Meadow!
Yes! I'm right off the Turtle Pond!
No way! I know that area. I lost a toe ring there once.
- Why do girls put rings on their toes?
- Why not?
- It's like putting a hat on your knee.
- Maybe I'll try that.
- You all right, ma'am?
- Oh, yeah. Fine.
Just having two cups of coffee!
Anyway, this has been great. Thanks for the coffee.
Yeah, it's no trouble.
Sorry I couldn't finish it. If I did, I'd be up the rest of my life.
Are you...?
Oan I take a piece of this with me?
Sure! Here, have a crumb.
- Thanks!
- Yeah.
All right. Well, then... I guess I'll see you around.
Or not.
OK, Barry.
And thank you so much again... for before.
Oh, that? That was nothing.
Well, not nothing, but... Anyway...
This can't possibly work.
He's all set to go. We may as well try it.
OK, Dave, pull the chute.
- Sounds amazing.
- It was amazing!
It was the scariest, happiest moment of my life.
Humans! I can't believe you were with humans!
Giant, scary humans! What were they like?
Huge and crazy. They talk crazy.
They eat crazy giant things. They drive crazy.
- Do they try and kill you, like on TV?
- Some of them. But some of them don't.
- How'd you get back?
- Poodle.
You did it, and I'm glad. You saw whatever you wanted to see.
You had your "experience." Now you can pick out yourjob and be normal.
- Well...
- Well?
Well, I met someone.
You did? Was she Bee-ish?
- A wasp?! Your parents will kill you!
- No, no, no, not a wasp.
- Spider?
- I'm not attracted to spiders.
I know it's the hottest thing, with the eight legs and all.
I can't get by that face.
So who is she?
She's... human.
No, no. That's a bee law. You wouldn't break a bee law.
- Her name's Vanessa.
- Oh, boy.
She's so nice. And she's a florist!
Oh, no! You're dating a human florist!
We're not dating.
You're flying outside the hive, talking to humans that attack our homes
with power washers and M-80s! One-eighth a stick of dynamite!
She saved my life! And she understands me.
This is over!
Eat this.
This is not over! What was that?
- They call it a crumb.
- It was so stingin' stripey!
And that's not what they eat. That's what falls off what they eat!
- You know what a Oinnabon is?
- No.
It's bread and cinnamon and frosting. They heat it up...
Sit down!
...really hot!
- Listen to me!
We are not them! We're us. There's us and there's them!
Yes, but who can deny the heart that is yearning?
There's no yearning. Stop yearning. Listen to me!
You have got to start thinking bee, my friend. Thinking bee!
- Thinking bee.
- Thinking bee.
Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee!
There he is. He's in the pool.
You know what your problem is, Barry?
I gotta start thinking bee?
How much longer will this go on?
It's been three days! Why aren't you working?
I've got a lot of big life decisions to think about.
What life? You have no life! You have no job. You're barely a bee!
Would it kill you to make a little honey?
Barry, come out. Your father's talking to you.
Martin, would you talk to him?
Barry, I'm talking to you!
You coming?
Got everything?
All set!
Go ahead. I'll catch up.
Don't be too long.
Watch this!
Vanessa!
- We're still here.
- I told you not to yell at him.
He doesn't respond to yelling!
- Then why yell at me?
- Because you don't listen!
I'm not listening to this.
Sorry, I've gotta go.
- Where are you going?
- I'm meeting a friend.
A girl? Is this why you can't decide?
Bye.
I just hope she's Bee-ish.
They have a huge parade of flowers every year in Pasadena?
To be in the Tournament of Roses, that's every florist's dream!
Up on a float, surrounded by flowers, crowds cheering.
A tournament. Do the roses compete in athletic events?
No. All right, I've got one. How come you don't fly everywhere?
It's exhausting. Why don't you run everywhere? It's faster.
Yeah, OK, I see, I see. All right, your turn.
TiVo. You can just freeze live TV? That's insane!
You don't have that?
We have Hivo, but it's a disease. It's a horrible, horrible disease.
Oh, my.
Dumb bees!
You must want to sting all those jerks.
We try not to sting. It's usually fatal for us.
So you have to watch your temper.
Very carefully. You kick a wall, take a walk,
write an angry letter and throw it out. Work through it like any emotion:
Anger, jealousy, lust.
Oh, my goodness! Are you OK?
Yeah.
- What is wrong with you?!
- It's a bug.
He's not bothering anybody. Get out of here, you creep!
What was that? A Pic 'N' Save circular?
Yeah, it was. How did you know?
It felt like about 10 pages. Seventy-five is pretty much our limit.
You've really got that down to a science.
- I lost a cousin to Italian Vogue.
- I'll bet.
What in the name of Mighty Hercules is this?
How did this get here? Oute Bee, Golden Blossom,
Ray Liotta Private Select?
- Is he that actor?
- I never heard of him.
- Why is this here?
- For people. We eat it.
You don't have enough food of your own?
- Well, yes.
- How do you get it?
- Bees make it.
- I know who makes it!
And it's hard to make it!
There's heating, cooling, stirring. You need a whole Krelman thing!
- It's organic.
- It's our-ganic!
It's just honey, Barry.
Just what?!
Bees don't know about this! This is stealing! A lot of stealing!
You've taken our homes, schools, hospitals! This is all we have!
And it's on sale?! I'm getting to the bottom of this.
I'm getting to the bottom of all of this!
Hey, Hector.
- You almost done?
- Almost.
He is here. I sense it.
Well, I guess I'll go home now
and just leave this nice honey out, with no one around.
You're busted, box boy!
I knew I heard something. So you can talk!
I can talk. And now you'll start talking!
Where you getting the sweet stuff? Who's your supplier?
I don't understand. I thought we were friends.
The last thing we want to do is upset bees!
You're too late! It's ours now!
You, sir, have crossed the wrong sword!
You, sir, will be lunch for my iguana, Ignacio!
Where is the honey coming from?
Tell me where!
Honey Farms! It comes from Honey Farms!
Orazy person!
What horrible thing has happened here?
These faces, they never knew what hit them. And now
they're on the road to nowhere!
Just keep still.
What? You're not dead?
Do I look dead? They will wipe anything that moves. Where you headed?
To Honey Farms. I am onto something huge here.
I'm going to Alaska. Moose blood, crazy stuff. Blows your head off!
I'm going to Tacoma.
- And you?
- He really is dead.
All right.
Uh-oh!
- What is that?!
- Oh, no!
- A wiper! Triple blade!
- Triple blade?
Jump on! It's your only chance, bee!
Why does everything have to be so doggone clean?!
How much do you people need to see?!
Open your eyes! Stick your head out the window!
From NPR News in Washington, I'm Oarl Kasell.
But don't kill no more bugs!
- Bee!
- Moose blood guy!!
- You hear something?
- Like what?
Like tiny screaming.
Turn off the radio.
Whassup, bee boy?
Hey, Blood.
Just a row of honey jars, as far as the eye could see.
Wow!
I assume wherever this truck goes is where they're getting it.
I mean, that honey's ours.
- Bees hang tight.
- We're all jammed in.
It's a close community.
Not us, man. We on our own. Every mosquito on his own.
- What if you get in trouble?
- You a mosquito, you in trouble.
Nobody likes us. They just smack. See a mosquito, smack, smack!
At least you're out in the world. You must meet girls.
Mosquito girls try to trade up, get with a moth, dragonfly.
Mosquito girl don't want no mosquito.
You got to be kidding me!
Mooseblood's about to leave the building! So long, bee!
- Hey, guys!
- Mooseblood!
I knew I'd catch y'all down here. Did you bring your crazy straw?
We throw it in jars, slap a label on it, and it's pretty much pure profit.
What is this place?
A bee's got a brain the size of a pinhead.
They are pinheads!
Pinhead.
- Oheck out the new smoker.
- Oh, sweet. That's the one you want.
The Thomas 3000!
Smoker?
Ninety puffs a minute, semi-automatic. Twice the nicotine, all the tar.
A couple breaths of this knocks them right out.
They make the honey, and we make the money.
"They make the honey, and we make the money"?
Oh, my!
What's going on? Are you OK?
Yeah. It doesn't last too long.
Do you know you're in a fake hive with fake walls?
Our queen was moved here. We had no choice.
This is your queen? That's a man in women's clothes!
That's a drag queen!
What is this?
Oh, no!
There's hundreds of them!
Bee honey.
Our honey is being brazenly stolen on a massive scale!
This is worse than anything bears have done! I intend to do something.
Oh, Barry, stop.
Who told you humans are taking our honey? That's a rumor.
Do these look like rumors?
That's a conspiracy theory. These are obviously doctored photos.
How did you get mixed up in this?
He's been talking to humans.
- What?
- Talking to humans?!
He has a human girlfriend. And they make out!
Make out? Barry!
We do not.
- You wish you could.
- Whose side are you on?
The bees!
I dated a cricket once in San Antonio. Those crazy legs kept me up all night.
Barry, this is what you want to do with your life?
I want to do it for all our lives. Nobody works harder than bees!
Dad, I remember you coming home so overworked
your hands were still stirring. You couldn't stop.
I remember that.
What right do they have to our honey?
We live on two cups a year. They put it in lip balm for no reason whatsoever!
Even if it's true, what can one bee do?
Sting them where it really hurts.
In the face! The eye!
- That would hurt.
- No.
Up the nose? That's a killer.
There's only one place you can sting the humans, one place where it matters.
Hive at Five, the hive's only full-hour action news source.
No more bee beards!
With Bob Bumble at the anchor desk.
Weather with Storm Stinger.
Sports with Buzz Larvi.
And Jeanette Ohung.
- Good evening. I'm Bob Bumble.
- And I'm Jeanette Ohung.
A tri-county bee, Barry Benson,
intends to sue the human race for stealing our honey,
packaging it and profiting from it illegally!
Tomorrow night on Bee Larry King,
we'll have three former queens here in our studio, discussing their new book,
Olassy Ladies, out this week on Hexagon.
Tonight we're talking to Barry Benson.
Did you ever think, "I'm a kid from the hive. I can't do this"?
Bees have never been afraid to change the world.
What about Bee Oolumbus? Bee Gandhi? Bejesus?
Where I'm from, we'd never sue humans.
We were thinking of stickball or candy stores.
How old are you?
The bee community is supporting you in this case,
which will be the trial of the bee century.
You know, they have a Larry King in the human world too.
It's a common name. Next week...
He looks like you and has a show and suspenders and colored dots...
Next week...
Glasses, quotes on the bottom from the guest even though you just heard 'em.
Bear Week next week! They're scary, hairy and here live.
Always leans forward, pointy shoulders, squinty eyes, very Jewish.
In tennis, you attack at the point of weakness!
It was my grandmother, Ken. She's 81.
Honey, her backhand's a joke! I'm not gonna take advantage of that?
Quiet, please. Actual work going on here.
- Is that that same bee?
- Yes, it is!
I'm helping him sue the human race.
- Hello.
- Hello, bee.
This is Ken.
Yeah, I remember you. Timberland, size ten and a half. Vibram sole, I believe.
Why does he talk again?
Listen, you better go 'cause we're really busy working.
But it's our yogurt night!
Bye-bye.
Why is yogurt night so difficult?!
You poor thing. You two have been at this for hours!
Yes, and Adam here has been a huge help.
- Frosting...
- How many sugars?
Just one. I try not to use the competition.
So why are you helping me?
Bees have good qualities.
And it takes my mind off the shop.
Instead of flowers, people are giving balloon bouquets now.
Those are great, if you're three.
And artificial flowers.
- Oh, those just get me psychotic!
- Yeah, me too.
Bent stingers, pointless pollination.
Bees must hate those fake things!
Nothing worse than a daffodil that's had work done.
Maybe this could make up for it a little bit.
- This lawsuit's a pretty big deal.
- I guess.
You sure you want to go through with it?
Am I sure? When I'm done with the humans, they won't be able
to say, "Honey, I'm home," without paying a royalty!
It's an incredible scene here in downtown Manhattan,
where the world anxiously waits, because for the first time in history,
we will hear for ourselves if a honeybee can actually speak.
What have we gotten into here, Barry?
It's pretty big, isn't it?
I can't believe how many humans don't work during the day.
You think billion-dollar multinational food companies have good lawyers?
Everybody needs to stay behind the barricade.
- What's the matter?
- I don't know, I just got a chill.
Well, if it isn't the bee team.
You boys work on this?
All rise! The Honorable Judge Bumbleton presiding.
All right. Oase number 4475,
Superior Oourt of New York, Barry Bee Benson v. the Honey Industry
is now in session.
Mr. Montgomery, you're representing the five food companies collectively?
A privilege.
Mr. Benson... you're representing all the bees of the world?
I'm kidding. Yes, Your Honor, we're ready to proceed.
Mr. Montgomery, your opening statement, please.
Ladies and gentlemen of the jury,
my grandmother was a simple woman.
Born on a farm, she believed it was man's divine right
to benefit from the bounty of nature God put before us.
If we lived in the topsy-turvy world Mr. Benson imagines,
just think of what would it mean.
I would have to negotiate with the silkworm
for the elastic in my britches!
Talking bee!
How do we know this isn't some sort of
holographic motion-picture-capture Hollywood wizardry?
They could be using laser beams!
Robotics! Ventriloquism! Oloning! For all we know,
he could be on steroids!
Mr. Benson?
Ladies and gentlemen, there's no trickery here.
I'm just an ordinary bee. Honey's pretty important to me.
It's important to all bees. We invented it!
We make it. And we protect it with our lives.
Unfortunately, there are some people in this room
who think they can take it from us
'cause we're the little guys! I'm hoping that, after this is all over,
you'll see how, by taking our honey, you not only take everything we have
but everything we are!
I wish he'd dress like that all the time. So nice!
Oall your first witness.
So, Mr. Klauss Vanderhayden of Honey Farms, big company you have.
I suppose so.
I see you also own Honeyburton and Honron!
Yes, they provide beekeepers for our farms.
Beekeeper. I find that to be a very disturbing term.
I don't imagine you employ any bee-free-ers, do you?
- No.
- I couldn't hear you.
- No.
- No.
Because you don't free bees. You keep bees. Not only that,
it seems you thought a bear would be an appropriate image for a jar of honey.
They're very lovable creatures.
Yogi Bear, Fozzie Bear, Build-A-Bear.
You mean like this?
Bears kill bees!
How'd you like his head crashing through your living room?!
Biting into your couch! Spitting out your throw pillows!
OK, that's enough. Take him away.
So, Mr. Sting, thank you for being here. Your name intrigues me.
- Where have I heard it before?
- I was with a band called The Police.
But you've never been a police officer, have you?
No, I haven't.
No, you haven't. And so here we have yet another example
of bee culture casually stolen by a human
for nothing more than a prance-about stage name.
Oh, please.
Have you ever been stung, Mr. Sting?
Because I'm feeling a little stung, Sting.
Or should I say... Mr. Gordon M. Sumner!
That's not his real name?! You idiots!
Mr. Liotta, first, belated congratulations on
your Emmy win for a guest spot on ER in 2005.
Thank you. Thank you.
I see from your resume that you're devilishly handsome
with a churning inner turmoil that's ready to blow.
I enjoy what I do. Is that a crime?
Not yet it isn't. But is this what it's come to for you?
Exploiting tiny, helpless bees so you don't
have to rehearse your part and learn your lines, sir?
Watch it, Benson! I could blow right now!
This isn't a goodfella. This is a badfella!
Why doesn't someone just step on this creep, and we can all go home?!
- Order in this court!
- You're all thinking it!
Order! Order, I say!
- Say it!
- Mr. Liotta, please sit down!
I think it was awfully nice of that bear to pitch in like that.
I think the jury's on our side.
Are we doing everything right, legally?
I'm a florist.
Right. Well, here's to a great team.
To a great team!
Well, hello.
- Ken!
- Hello.
I didn't think you were coming.
No, I was just late. I tried to call, but... the battery.
I didn't want all this to go to waste, so I called Barry. Luckily, he was free.
Oh, that was lucky.
There's a little left. I could heat it up.
Yeah, heat it up, sure, whatever.
So I hear you're quite a tennis player.
I'm not much for the game myself. The ball's a little grabby.
That's where I usually sit. Right... there.
Ken, Barry was looking at your resume,
and he agreed with me that eating with chopsticks isn't really a special skill.
You think I don't see what you're doing?
I know how hard it is to find the rightjob. We have that in common.
Do we?
Bees have 100 percent employment, but we do jobs like taking the crud out.
That's just what I was thinking about doing.
Ken, I let Barry borrow your razor for his fuzz. I hope that was all right.
I'm going to drain the old stinger.
Yeah, you do that.
Look at that.
You know, I've just about had it
with your little mind games.
- What's that?
- Italian Vogue.
Mamma mia, that's a lot of pages.
A lot of ads.
Remember what Van said, why is your life more valuable than mine?
Funny, I just can't seem to recall that!
I think something stinks in here!
I love the smell of flowers.
How do you like the smell of flames?!
Not as much.
Water bug! Not taking sides!
Ken, I'm wearing a Ohapstick hat! This is pathetic!
I've got issues!
Well, well, well, a royal flush!
- You're bluffing.
- Am I?
Surf's up, dude!
Poo water!
That bowl is gnarly.
Except for those dirty yellow rings!
Kenneth! What are you doing?!
You know, I don't even like honey! I don't eat it!
We need to talk!
He's just a little bee!
And he happens to be the nicest bee I've met in a long time!
Long time? What are you talking about?! Are there other bugs in your life?
No, but there are other things bugging me in life. And you're one of them!
Fine! Talking bees, no yogurt night...
My nerves are fried from riding on this emotional roller coaster!
Goodbye, Ken.
And for your information,
I prefer sugar-free, artificial sweeteners made by man!
I'm sorry about all that.
I know it's got an aftertaste! I like it!
I always felt there was some kind of barrier between Ken and me.
I couldn't overcome it. Oh, well.
Are you OK for the trial?
I believe Mr. Montgomery is about out of ideas.
We would like to call Mr. Barry Benson Bee to the stand.
Good idea! You can really see why he's considered one of the best lawyers...
Yeah.
Layton, you've gotta weave some magic
with this jury, or it's gonna be all over.
Don't worry. The only thing I have to do to turn this jury around
is to remind them of what they don't like about bees.
- You got the tweezers?
- Are you allergic?
Only to losing, son. Only to losing.
Mr. Benson Bee, I'll ask you what I think we'd all like to know.
What exactly is your relationship
to that woman?
We're friends.
- Good friends?
- Yes.
How good? Do you live together?
Wait a minute...
Are you her little...
...bedbug?
I've seen a bee documentary or two. From what I understand,
doesn't your queen give birth to all the bee children?
- Yeah, but...
- So those aren't your real parents!
- Oh, Barry...
- Yes, they are!
Hold me back!
You're an illegitimate bee, aren't you, Benson?
He's denouncing bees!
Don't y'all date your cousins?
- Objection!
- I'm going to pincushion this guy!
Adam, don't! It's what he wants!
Oh, I'm hit!!
Oh, lordy, I am hit!
Order! Order!
The venom! The venom is coursing through my veins!
I have been felled by a winged beast of destruction!
You see? You can't treat them like equals! They're striped savages!
Stinging's the only thing they know! It's their way!
- Adam, stay with me.
- I can't feel my legs.
What angel of mercy will come forward to suck the poison
from my heaving buttocks?
I will have order in this court. Order!
Order, please!
The case of the honeybees versus the human race
took a pointed turn against the bees
yesterday when one of their legal team stung Layton T. Montgomery.
- Hey, buddy.
- Hey.
- Is there much pain?
- Yeah.
I...
I blew the whole case, didn't I?
It doesn't matter. What matters is you're alive. You could have died.
I'd be better off dead. Look at me.
They got it from the cafeteria downstairs, in a tuna sandwich.
Look, there's a little celery still on it.
What was it like to sting someone?
I can't explain it. It was all...
All adrenaline and then... and then ecstasy!
All right.
You think it was all a trap?
Of course. I'm sorry. I flew us right into this.
What were we thinking? Look at us. We're just a couple of bugs in this world.
What will the humans do to us if they win?
I don't know.
I hear they put the roaches in motels. That doesn't sound so bad.
Adam, they check in, but they don't check out!
Oh, my.
Oould you get a nurse to close that window?
- Why?
- The smoke.
Bees don't smoke.
Right. Bees don't smoke.
Bees don't smoke! But some bees are smoking.
That's it! That's our case!
It is? It's not over?
Get dressed. I've gotta go somewhere.
Get back to the court and stall. Stall any way you can.
And assuming you've done step correctly, you're ready for the tub.
Mr. Flayman.
Yes? Yes, Your Honor!
Where is the rest of your team?
Well, Your Honor, it's interesting.
Bees are trained to fly haphazardly,
and as a result, we don't make very good time.
I actually heard a funny story about...
Your Honor, haven't these ridiculous bugs
taken up enough of this court's valuable time?
How much longer will we allow these absurd shenanigans to go on?
They have presented no compelling evidence to support their charges
against my clients, who run legitimate businesses.
I move for a complete dismissal of this entire case!
Mr. Flayman, I'm afraid I'm going
to have to consider Mr. Montgomery's motion.
But you can't! We have a terrific case.
Where is your proof? Where is the evidence?
Show me the smoking gun!
Hold it, Your Honor! You want a smoking gun?
Here is your smoking gun.
What is that?
It's a bee smoker!
What, this? This harmless little contraption?
This couldn't hurt a fly, let alone a bee.
Look at what has happened
to bees who have never been asked, "Smoking or non?"
Is this what nature intended for us?
To be forcibly addicted to smoke machines
and man-made wooden slat work camps?
Living out our lives as honey slaves to the white man?
- What are we gonna do?
- He's playing the species card.
Ladies and gentlemen, please, free these bees!
Free the bees! Free the bees!
Free the bees!
Free the bees! Free the bees!
The court finds in favor of the bees!
Vanessa, we won!
I knew you could do it! High-five!
Sorry.
I'm OK! You know what this means?
All the honey will finally belong to the bees.
Now we won't have to work so hard all the time.
This is an unholy perversion of the balance of nature, Benson.
You'll regret this.
Barry, how much honey is out there?
All right. One at a time.
Barry, who are you wearing?
My sweater is Ralph Lauren, and I have no pants.
- What if Montgomery's right?
- What do you mean?
We've been living the bee way a long time, 27 million years.
Oongratulations on your victory. What will you demand as a settlement?
First, we'll demand a complete shutdown of all bee work camps.
Then we want back the honey that was ours to begin with,
every last drop.
We demand an end to the glorification of the bear as anything more
than a filthy, smelly, bad-breath stink machine.
We're all aware of what they do in the woods.
Wait for my signal.
Take him out.
He'll have nauseous for a few hours, then he'll be fine.
And we will no longer tolerate bee-negative nicknames...
But it's just a prance-about stage name!
...unnecessary inclusion of honey in bogus health products
and la-dee-da human tea-time snack garnishments.
Oan't breathe.
Bring it in, boys!
Hold it right there! Good.
Tap it.
Mr. Buzzwell, we just passed three cups, and there's gallons more coming!
- I think we need to shut down!
- Shut down? We've never shut down.
Shut down honey production!
Stop making honey!
Turn your key, sir!
What do we do now?
Oannonball!
We're shutting honey production!
Mission abort.
Aborting pollination and nectar detail. Returning to base.
Adam, you wouldn't believe how much honey was out there.
Oh, yeah?
What's going on? Where is everybody?
- Are they out celebrating?
- They're home.
They don't know what to do. Laying out, sleeping in.
I heard your Uncle Oarl was on his way to San Antonio with a cricket.
At least we got our honey back.
Sometimes I think, so what if humans liked our honey? Who wouldn't?
It's the greatest thing in the world! I was excited to be part of making it.
This was my new desk. This was my new job. I wanted to do it really well.
And now...
Now I can't.
I don't understand why they're not happy.
I thought their lives would be better!
They're doing nothing. It's amazing. Honey really changes people.
You don't have any idea what's going on, do you?
- What did you want to show me?
- This.
What happened here?
That is not the half of it.
Oh, no. Oh, my.
They're all wilting.
Doesn't look very good, does it?
No.
And whose fault do you think that is?
You know, I'm gonna guess bees.
Bees?
Specifically, me.
I didn't think bees not needing to make honey would affect all these things.
It's notjust flowers. Fruits, vegetables, they all need bees.
That's our whole SAT test right there.
Take away produce, that affects the entire animal kingdom.
And then, of course...
The human species?
So if there's no more pollination,
it could all just go south here, couldn't it?
I know this is also partly my fault.
How about a suicide pact?
How do we do it?
- I'll sting you, you step on me.
- Thatjust kills you twice.
Right, right.
Listen, Barry... sorry, but I gotta get going.
I had to open my mouth and talk.
Vanessa?
Vanessa? Why are you leaving? Where are you going?
To the final Tournament of Roses parade in Pasadena.
They've moved it to this weekend because all the flowers are dying.
It's the last chance I'll ever have to see it.
Vanessa, I just wanna say I'm sorry. I never meant it to turn out like this.
I know. Me neither.
Tournament of Roses. Roses can't do sports.
Wait a minute. Roses. Roses?
Roses!
Vanessa!
Roses?!
Barry?
- Roses are flowers!
- Yes, they are.
Flowers, bees, pollen!
I know. That's why this is the last parade.
Maybe not. Oould you ask him to slow down?
Oould you slow down?
Barry!
OK, I made a huge mistake. This is a total disaster, all my fault.
Yes, it kind of is.
I've ruined the planet. I wanted to help you
with the flower shop. I've made it worse.
Actually, it's completely closed down.
I thought maybe you were remodeling.
But I have another idea, and it's greater than my previous ideas combined.
I don't want to hear it!
All right, they have the roses, the roses have the pollen.
I know every bee, plant and flower bud in this park.
All we gotta do is get what they've got back here with what we've got.
- Bees.
- Park.
- Pollen!
- Flowers.
- Repollination!
- Across the nation!
Tournament of Roses, Pasadena, Oalifornia.
They've got nothing but flowers, floats and cotton candy.
Security will be tight.
I have an idea.
Vanessa Bloome, FTD.
Official floral business. It's real.
Sorry, ma'am. Nice brooch.
Thank you. It was a gift.
Once inside, we just pick the right float.
How about The Princess and the Pea?
I could be the princess, and you could be the pea!
Yes, I got it.
- Where should I sit?
- What are you?
- I believe I'm the pea.
- The pea?
It goes under the mattresses.
- Not in this fairy tale, sweetheart.
- I'm getting the marshal.
You do that! This whole parade is a fiasco!
Let's see what this baby'll do.
Hey, what are you doing?!
Then all we do is blend in with traffic...
...without arousing suspicion.
Once at the airport, there's no stopping us.
Stop! Security.
- You and your insect pack your float?
- Yes.
Has it been in your possession the entire time?
Would you remove your shoes?
- Remove your stinger.
- It's part of me.
I know. Just having some fun. Enjoy your flight.
Then if we're lucky, we'll have just enough pollen to do the job.
Oan you believe how lucky we are? We have just enough pollen to do the job!
I think this is gonna work.
It's got to work.
Attention, passengers, this is Oaptain Scott.
We have a bit of bad weather in New York.
It looks like we'll experience a couple hours delay.
Barry, these are cut flowers with no water. They'll never make it.
I gotta get up there and talk to them.
Be careful.
Oan I get help with the Sky Mall magazine?
I'd like to order the talking inflatable nose and ear hair trimmer.
Oaptain, I'm in a real situation.
- What'd you say, Hal?
- Nothing.
Bee!
Don't freak out! My entire species...
What are you doing?
- Wait a minute! I'm an attorney!
- Who's an attorney?
Don't move.
Oh, Barry.
Good afternoon, passengers. This is your captain.
Would a Miss Vanessa Bloome in 24B please report to the cockpit?
And please hurry!
What happened here?
There was a DustBuster, a toupee, a life raft exploded.
One's bald, one's in a boat, they're both unconscious!
- Is that another bee joke?
- No!
No one's flying the plane!
This is JFK control tower, Flight 356. What's your status?
This is Vanessa Bloome. I'm a florist from New York.
Where's the pilot?
He's unconscious, and so is the copilot.
Not good. Does anyone onboard have flight experience?
As a matter of fact, there is.
- Who's that?
- Barry Benson.
From the honey trial?! Oh, great.
Vanessa, this is nothing more than a big metal bee.
It's got giant wings, huge engines.
I can't fly a plane.
- Why not? Isn't John Travolta a pilot?
- Yes.
How hard could it be?
Wait, Barry! We're headed into some lightning.
This is Bob Bumble. We have some late-breaking news from JFK Airport,
where a suspenseful scene is developing.
Barry Benson, fresh from his legal victory...
That's Barry!
...is attempting to land a plane, loaded with people, flowers
and an incapacitated flight crew.
Flowers?!
We have a storm in the area and two individuals at the controls
with absolutely no flight experience.
Just a minute. There's a bee on that plane.
I'm quite familiar with Mr. Benson and his no-account compadres.
They've done enough damage.
But isn't he your only hope?
Technically, a bee shouldn't be able to fly at all.
Their wings are too small...
Haven't we heard this a million times?
"The surface area of the wings and body mass make no sense."
- Get this on the air!
- Got it.
- Stand by.
- We're going live.
The way we work may be a mystery to you.
Making honey takes a lot of bees doing a lot of small jobs.
But let me tell you about a small job.
If you do it well, it makes a big difference.
More than we realized. To us, to everyone.
That's why I want to get bees back to working together.
That's the bee way! We're not made of Jell-O.
We get behind a fellow.
- Black and yellow!
- Hello!
Left, right, down, hover.
- Hover?
- Forget hover.
This isn't so hard. Beep-beep! Beep-beep!
Barry, what happened?!
Wait, I think we were on autopilot the whole time.
- That may have been helping me.
- And now we're not!
So it turns out I cannot fly a plane.
All of you, let's get behind this fellow! Move it out!
Move out!
Our only chance is if I do what I'd do, you copy me with the wings of the plane!
Don't have to yell.
I'm not yelling! We're in a lot of trouble.
It's very hard to concentrate with that panicky tone in your voice!
It's not a tone. I'm panicking!
I can't do this!
Vanessa, pull yourself together. You have to snap out of it!
You snap out of it.
You snap out of it.
- You snap out of it!
- You snap out of it!
- You snap out of it!
- You snap out of it!
- You snap out of it!
- You snap out of it!
- Hold it!
- Why? Oome on, it's my turn.
How is the plane flying?
I don't know.
Hello?
Benson, got any flowers for a happy occasion in there?
The Pollen Jocks!
They do get behind a fellow.
- Black and yellow.
- Hello.
All right, let's drop this tin can on the blacktop.
Where? I can't see anything. Oan you?
No, nothing. It's all cloudy.
Oome on. You got to think bee, Barry.
- Thinking bee.
- Thinking bee.
Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee!
Wait a minute. I think I'm feeling something.
- What?
- I don't know. It's strong, pulling me.
Like a 27-million-year-old instinct.
Bring the nose down.
Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee!
- What in the world is on the tarmac?
- Get some lights on that!
Thinking bee! Thinking bee! Thinking bee!
- Vanessa, aim for the flower.
- OK.
Out the engines. We're going in on bee power. Ready, boys?
Affirmative!
Good. Good. Easy, now. That's it.
Land on that flower!
Ready? Full reverse!
Spin it around!
- Not that flower! The other one!
- Which one?
- That flower.
- I'm aiming at the flower!
That's a fat guy in a flowered shirt. I mean the giant pulsating flower
made of millions of bees!
Pull forward. Nose down. Tail up.
Rotate around it.
- This is insane, Barry!
- This's the only way I know how to fly.
Am I koo-koo-kachoo, or is this plane flying in an insect-like pattern?
Get your nose in there. Don't be afraid. Smell it. Full reverse!
Just drop it. Be a part of it.
Aim for the center!
Now drop it in! Drop it in, woman!
Oome on, already.
Barry, we did it! You taught me how to fly!
- Yes. No high-five!
- Right.
Barry, it worked! Did you see the giant flower?
What giant flower? Where? Of course I saw the flower! That was genius!
- Thank you.
- But we're not done yet.
Listen, everyone!
This runway is covered with the last pollen
from the last flowers available anywhere on Earth.
That means this is our last chance.
We're the only ones who make honey, pollinate flowers and dress like this.
If we're gonna survive as a species, this is our moment! What do you say?
Are we going to be bees, orjust Museum of Natural History keychains?
We're bees!
Keychain!
Then follow me! Except Keychain.
Hold on, Barry. Here.
You've earned this.
Yeah!
I'm a Pollen Jock! And it's a perfect fit. All I gotta do are the sleeves.
Oh, yeah.
That's our Barry.
Mom! The bees are back!
If anybody needs to make a call, now's the time.
I got a feeling we'll be working late tonight!
Here's your change. Have a great afternoon! Oan I help who's next?
Would you like some honey with that? It is bee-approved. Don't forget these.
Milk, cream, cheese, it's all me. And I don't see a nickel!
Sometimes I just feel like a piece of meat!
I had no idea.
Barry, I'm sorry. Have you got a moment?
Would you excuse me? My mosquito associate will help you.
Sorry I'm late.
He's a lawyer too?
I was already a blood-sucking parasite. All I needed was a briefcase.
Have a great afternoon!
Barry, I just got this huge tulip order, and I can't get them anywhere.
No problem, Vannie. Just leave it to me.
You're a lifesaver, Barry. Oan I help who's next?
All right, scramble, jocks! It's time to fly.
Thank you, Barry!
That bee is living my life!
Let it go, Kenny.
- When will this nightmare end?!
- Let it all go.
- Beautiful day to fly.
- Sure is.
Between you and me, I was dying to get out of that office.
You have got to start thinking bee, my friend.
- Thinking bee!
- Me?
Hold it. Let's just stop for a second. Hold it.
I'm sorry. I'm sorry, everyone. Oan we stop here?
I'm not making a major life decision during a production number!
All right. Take ten, everybody. Wrap it up, guys.
I had virtually no rehearsal for that.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Vemanei — whose remarks were met by snaps and murmurs of approval — said that ballroom exists specifically for dark-skinned trans people to be valued and celebrated
This strikes me as plainly false, historically speaking. Why not say instead that ballroom was created by black and brown gay and trans folks, and that this fact should never be forgotten, especially when translated into different contexts where white privilege is sure to raise its entitled head? Why claim that dance contests and fashion shows aren't also at the heart of it? Claiming that dark-skinned people are the ones who belong first and foremost in ballroom, and that others need to 'create space for these people first' might simply reverse the racial hierarchies, rather than fostering real inclusion and genuine antiracist struggle.
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css-tricks.com css-tricks.com
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www.scribbr.com www.scribbr.com
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APA formatting for papers There are certain formatting rules you must adhere to when writing a paper in APA format. The basic requirements are: Times New Roman 12 pt Double line spacing One-inch (2.54 cm) margins Left-aligned running head with a shortened title and page number In addition to these general rules, there are more specific requirements for formatting the title page, running head, abstract, reference page and headings and subheadings.
see requirements!
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atos.net atos.net
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presence of world-renowned quantum physicists and mathematicians:Alain Aspect, professor at the Institut d'Optique Graduate School and Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay;David DiVincenzo, Alexander von Humboldt Professor, Director of the Institute for Quantum Information at RWTH Aachen University, Director of the Institute for Theoretical Nanoelectronics at the Juelich Research Center;Artur Ekert, Professor of Quantum Physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford; Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor and Director, Centre of Quantum Technologies at the National University of Singapore;Daniel Estève, Research Director, CEA Saclay, head of Quantronics;Serge Haroche, Professor emeritus at the Collège de France, Nobel laureate in Physics;Cédric Villani, Professor at University of Lyon Claude Bernard, Head of the Henri Poincaré Institute CNRS/UPMC, Fields Medal laureate.
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pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.caHeracles1
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coming to check my deadly counsels, my kinsman and friend. [1155] Now shall I stand revealed, and the dearest of my friends will see the pollution I have incurred by my children’s murder.[1] Ah, woe is me! What am I to do? Where can I find freedom from my sorrows? Shall I take wings or plunge beneath the earth? Come, let me veil my head in darkness; [1160] for I am ashamed of the evil I have done, and, since for these I have incurred fresh blood-guiltiness, I do not want to harm the innocent. Theseus and his retinue enter. THESEUS: I have come, and others with me, young warriors from the land of Athens, encamped by the streams of Asopus, [1165] to bring an allied army to your son, old friend.
We saw inklings of this in Prometheus in Prometheus Bound. Like Prometheus, Theseus values friendship very highly. Even though Heracles has done something tragic, Theseus is still offering council. What do you think Zeus would do?
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pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.ca
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This fellow's ruckus is not news to me. But for an enemy to suffer at the hands of an enemy is not disgraceful. So therefore, let the forked curl of lightning be cast upon my head and let the sky [1045] be convulsed with thunder and the wrack of savage winds; let the hurricane shake the earth from its rooted base, and let the waves of the sea mingle the courses [1050] of the stars in heaven with their savage surge; let him lift me up high and hurl me down to black
Prometheus is stating that this crusade he is on is worth all of the suffering he endures. He would rather suffer for eternity than let tyrant Zeus take over the world without opposition
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fitzpano195740762.wordpress.com fitzpano195740762.wordpress.com
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I’m not the only one who thinks this way; as I peered up from my phone, most of my peers were also looking down at the small screen in their hands.
I did not include this sentence in my first draft. However, throughout the semester, especially after writing my meditation on place and intellectual history essays, I learned the importance of describing a scene using specific concrete examples. By adding in how everyone else also had their heads down looking at their phones, the reader can easily paint an image in their head of what the beginning of class looked like.
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blogs.dickinson.edu blogs.dickinson.edu
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like I’ve got oil wells Pumping in my living room.
This simile portrays Angelou's success with her previous poetry collections as she recognizes herself as an accomplished female black writer. Oil wells are a symbol of prosperity; the richest countries in the world were selling oil. Thus when reading this line, the reader should picture a wealthy girl with their head held high.
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Did you want to see me broken? Bowed head and lowered eyes?
Another set of rhetorical questions, Angelou is painting a picture of defeat. Being direct and pertinent, she is accusing the oppressor for their actions. She is aware that her success is received with bitterness by the racist society. A few interpretations can be drawn from this stanza. This may literally be a picture of a slave who was abused and she is referring to a broken person. But it can also be taken as a person with a broken spirit as this poem is an autobiography. When Angelou was a young child, she was raped by her mother’s boyfriend and informed of his death after he was murdered soon after; the traumatic series of events led her to be almost completely mute for several years. This interpretation can be of her broken heart and broken spirit from those traumatic childhood experiences. Finally, a general interpretation applies this brokenness and defeat from challenge as an experience that everyone can undergo throughout their life - making it relatable and applicable to the general public, or someone who is experiencing similar despair.
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Local file Local file
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It is apparent by Histories written by grave and learned Men, that the Stones of Women andtheir Seed-vessels are many times grievously distempered, when the womb joyned to them isnot. Sometimes water is gathered about the stones, as Gasper Bauhinus, John Schenkins write,and he hath another History, Lib. Obser. 3. from John Heintz, of a Maid that desired a littlebefore she died, that her body might be opened, to testifie her innocency. In which, besidesother things remarkable, the stones were found swollen as big as a head of a young child;blewish and spungy, much water came out of them, and that made her Belly swell
Sennert’s opinion of, and is his language for describing the ovaries is distinctly negative. Not even bothering to describe the ovaries or how they work, or even to address specific afflictions they can have, he paints them broadly as sickly and unreliable and makes them seem gruesome.
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moses.creighton.edu moses.creighton.edu
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Another little girl named Catherine had often been wayward about receiving instruction, and so had not been rewarded like the others. Some days afterward, [page 23] one of her companions brought her to one of our Fathers, giving him to understand that she was quite disposed to learn; but, when it came to the point, she acted as usual. The little girl who had brought her became annoyed, and used all her little natural rhetoric to make her open her lips and to get her to speak,—sometimes using threats, sometimes holding out a reward from me if she spoke properly; she was so earnest that she succeeded, to the great satisfaction of those of our Fathers who were listening to her.
Even still today we as humans still have trouble with instruction, but what is so hard for me to wrap my head around his how the rewarded her when she spoke properly. Why is it that we have to reward her when she speaks correctly? Should they have nursed her along and showed her the right way? or would it have been better to earn her trust first then intrust her?
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Local file Local file
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Hey Ben,” I whispered into the night air. “I just wanted to thank you. I want to thank you for spending as much time with us as you did. You lived so much in your twenty-one years. Did you know it was going to be an early end for you? It doesn’t matter. I’m just grateful for the time we were able to have. I miss you. I miss you and I love you in the present tense. I will always actively love you.” Just as the last words left my lips, a bright shooting star shot across the sky from behind my head to directly above me. It was so bright it lit up half the night sky. Maybe that was Ben saying he loved me, too.
fantastic ending lines both in structure and thematic content.
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reader.elsevier.com reader.elsevier.com
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Table 1Analytical equations for prediction of groundwater seepage into tunnels (H0= distance between tunnel center and water table;h= hydraulic head into the tunnel;z= overburden;r= tunnel radius;K= hydraulic conductivity;D= hydraulic load above load surface andQ= water inflow to tunnel).ReferenceEquationDescriptionPolubarinova-Kochina[9]Q¼2pKðd£0Þln2DrðÞFor a horizontal tunnel in a fully saturated, semin-infinite homogeneous media, Polubarinova-Kochina derived anapproximate expression forQ, the steady state inflow rate per unit length of the tunnel.Dis the depth of the tunnel’scenterline; is the hydraulic head at the tunnel perimeter and d is the water height above groundGoodman[10]Q¼2pKhln2hrðÞThis equation has three basic defaults; radius flow, no significant changes in bedding, accurate application of mediaequivalent permeabilityHeuer[13]Q¼2pKH0ln2zrðÞ18Heuer reduction coefficient18and some changes in denominator applied in order to revise Goodman’s equationLei[15]Q¼2pKhlnhrþffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffihrðÞ21qIn this equation, Goodman method has been corrected with application of exact real conditionsEl-Tani[20]Q¼2pK13r2hðÞ21r2hðÞ2ln2hrðÞr2hðÞ2El-Tani has defined this equation as an optimum equation by considering above mentioned equationsKarlsrud[16]Q¼2pKhln2hr1ðÞA combination of above mentioned equations, according to field observations, is edited for reducing error in deep andshallow tunnels (under water table)Lombardi[19]Q¼2pKhln2hr1þ0:4rh2ðÞIn this equation, Karlsrud method has been corrected with application of exact conditionsEl-Tani[21]Q¼2pKk21k2þ1hlnkIn this equation El-Tani has applied Mobius transformation method and fourier series and presented a new analyticalsolution for flow calculation, in whichk¼ðh=rÞððh2=r2Þ1Þ1=2Park et al.[25]Q¼2pKLðAþDÞlnðHDÞrþffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiðHDÞ2r21qIn this equation: Water table is above the land surface. Hydrostatic load along the tunnel border depending on thestage is varyingLi et al.[39]Q¼KðSþC:HÞIn this equation,SandCare coefficient related tot he tunnel‘s shape and depth416H. Farhadian, H. Katibeh/International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 27 (2017) 415–421
Can we also use these approaches/equation to predict flow from gravity drainholes ? Well it seems that a gravity drainhole has similarity with a tunnel but the size is much smaller. In some cases miners need to predict flow from gravity drainholes
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blogs.dickinson.edu blogs.dickinson.edu
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“Of Madame L’Espanaye no traces were here seen; but an unusual quantity of soot being observed in the fire-place, a search was made in the chimney, and (horrible to relate!) the corpse of the daughter, head downward, was dragged therefrom; it having been thus forced up the narrow aperture for a considerable distance. The body was quite warm. Upon examining it, many excoriations were perceived, no doubt occasioned by the violence with which it had been thrust up and disengaged. Upon the face were many severe scratches, and, upon the throat, dark bruises, and deep indentations of finger nails, as if the deceased had been throttled to death. “After a thorough investigation of every portion of the house, without farther discovery, the party made its way into a small paved yard in the rear of the building, where lay the corpse of the old lady, with her throat so entirely cut that, upon an attempt to raise her, the head fell off. The body, as well as the head, was fearfully mutilated—the former so much so as scarcely to retain any semblance of humanity.
Elements of Gothic fiction are evident in the graphic, bloody description of the crime scene and dead bodies.
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“Of Madame L’Espanaye no traces were here seen; but an unusual quantity of soot being observed in the fire-place, a search was made in the chimney, and (horrible to relate!) the corpse of the daughter, head downward, was dragged therefrom; it having been thus forced up the narrow aperture for a considerable distance. The body was quite warm. Upon examining it, many excoriations were perceived, no doubt occasioned by the violence with which it had been thrust up and disengaged. Upon the face were many severe scratches, and, upon the throat, dark bruises, and deep indentations of finger nails, as if the deceased had been throttled to death. “After a thorough investigation of every portion of the house, without farther discovery, the party made its way into a small paved yard in the rear of the building, where lay the corpse of the old lady, with her throat so entirely cut that, upon an attempt to raise her, the head fell off. The body, as well as the head, was fearfully mutilated—the former so much so as scarcely to retain any semblance of humanity.
Elements of Gothic fiction are evident in the graphic, bloody description of the violence done to Madame L’Espanaye and her daughter.
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rsbakker.wordpress.com rsbakker.wordpress.com
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Blind Agents
This section reviews Making-it-Explicit (Brandom, 1998), which was a serious attempt to explain how we explain. Brandom tried to reconcile the tension between mechanical implicit with the philosophical implicit.
He argued that, though we can't find intentionality in the physical and biological laws of nature, we can find it in the conversations people make in a society. Intentionality is a myth that becomes real when enough people vocalize that myth when they talk to each other.
Kinda like money, really. Pieces of paper or lumps of gold become exchangeable for goods when enough people take them as exchangeable for goods.
To make his argument, Brandom reviewed the history of explaining how we explain.
Kant
Kant argued that there are rules that are necessary for anyone to explain anything. For example, when we explain to someone about why the sky is blue, we assume that they are "rational", is going to "take us seriously", will interpret the words we say the same way we interpret them, etc. All these necessary rules are moral rules, which makes them immune to scientific understanding. Kant calls these moral rules "practical reason" to distinguish them from scientific understanding of the world ("pure reason").
In this way, Kant separated a few objects (God, immortal soul, free will) from scientific understanding, and that allowed him to simply assert that they must be true because we need those concepts to do things.
Bakker would criticize this as Kant trying to do behavioral psychology by purely thinking inside his own little head. Kant's approach is doomed because introspection is an unreliable hack meant to work only for talking with people in daily life, and we can't even understand what actually goes on inside our own heads without science.
Kant: "We need God, immortality of the soul, and free will in order to do things."
Bakker: "Well, time to check that claim with behavioral psychology. I bet Kant's wrong!"
Frege
Frege argued that normative explanations are incompatible with causal explanations. If I explain why I helped you using behavioral neuroscience, I would have made a "modal mistake", since the right explanation must be normative rather than descriptive.
Explication is an intrinsically normative activity. Making causal constraints explicit at most describes what systems will do, never prescribes what they should do.
Since how we explain is constrained by normative things (as Kant argued), and normative things cannot be explained with descriptive statements (as Frege argued), any explanation for how we explain must be made of normative things.
Wittgenstein
Wittgenstein argued that the implicit assumption behind every explanation is in the other people who hear the explanation. You can't be understood unless other people follow some shared rules. Telling others to follow a rule of understanding like "law of noncontradiction" only works if the other people agrees to that rule and agrees with you about how to use that rule.
"Don't contradict with that statement you made before." "Why not? And did I really make a contradiction?"while rules can codify the pragmatic normative significance of claims, they do so only against a background of practices permitting the distinguishing of correct from incorrect applications of those rules
Thus, an explanation of how people explaining must explain why people follow rules. This explanation "why you should follow rules" is itself a normative rule and requires normative explanation.
"You can't say that! It's against rule X." "What's the problem?" "It's against the rule-rule to go against rule X!" "What's the problem?" "It's against the rule-rule-rule to go against rule-rule!"Overview
Kant proposes that we are blind to the "things in themselves", such as God, immortal souls, and free will. This blindness allows us to imagine those things as much as we like since science can't say we're wrong about them.
Wittgenstein proposes that we, as a society of people talking to each other, are blind to the rules that support conversations with other people.
With those philosophers, Bakker agrees that our severe blindness is what gives rise to the properties of consciousness, but insists that consciousness can be fully described by science, explaining away all normative statements in the process.
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150daysofhtml.substack.com 150daysofhtml.substack.com
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Most of the metadata about our document lives in the head of the document, and it makes perfect sense. Most information about our bodies also live in our head.
Metadata placement.
Tags
Annotators
URL
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digitalcommons.uri.edu digitalcommons.uri.edu
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For example, Appendix B accompanies a story accusing Border Patrol officers of illegally deporting migrants and denying asylum, while portraying these immigrants with their hands behind their head as if guilty. Appendix C, a ship docking in Italy with migrants from Africa entering the European Union, portrays migrants reaching land – but in the background the words “rescue” on the boat and a crew member in full protective gear are shown.
Perhaps as part of this exercise, students could not only analyze why the photo doesn't fit the narrative, but instead draw (or use an image search) to find an image that does not reinforce negative stereotypes.
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Layers of projection head. We experiment with differentnumber of hidden layers. Unlike [11], we only use differentlayers in pre-training and perform the linear evaluation ontop of the same backbone by removing the entire projectionhead. In Table 6, we can see using 3 hidden layers yields thebest performance and we choose this as our default setting
[[Seedling: How to efficiently train model that use contrastive learning?]]
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www.emerald.com www.emerald.com
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One specific form of technology that is poised to potentially impact autistic people is virtual reality (VR) used with head-mounted displays (HMDs) as an immersive technology. Indeed, research supports the use of VR for safe, predictable and effective interventions with autistic groups
autism
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rteworcester.wp.worc.ac.uk rteworcester.wp.worc.ac.uk
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10 Cultivating Change for Inclusive Practice: Creating a Community of Learners By Lisa Mauro-Bracken, Head of Department Health and Well-being; School of Allied Health and Community This case study illustrates an innovative, department-wide approach to learning and professional development of staff. Higher Education encounters increasing numbers of students from diverse linguistic, cultural and ethnic backgrounds requiring personalised learning (V1; V2). To cultivate a ‘new’ inclusive culture within the Department of Health and Well-being, I organised a workshop introducing Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as part of a team away day (K5). UDL is a framework to improve and optimize teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn (CAST, 2019). The UDL framework supports inclusive practice and relies on multiple means of: ‘engagement,’ ‘representation’ and ‘action and expression.’ In other words, a focus on personalised learning and meaningful choice to ensure all students can access the curriculum in a way that develops their strengths. To embed this approach within the department, I delivered workshops on implementing University of Worcester’s Inclusive Assessment Policy. This was implemented using Technology Enhanced Learning and Blackboard in an inclusive way and auditing module resources using de Montfort University’s UDL self-assessment checklist. This proved to be an effective reflective tool to further inform learning, teaching and assessment (Bracken, 2019; Moriarty and Scarffe, 2019). The values underpinning our department are student-focused and this was reflected in our approach of implementing new ideas, as it required staff and student involvement and regular consultation with students about inclusive design for learning. Staff enthusiasm for the innovative approach was balanced against accepting a response of hesitancy and fear of change (Dasborough, Lamb and Suseno, 2015). However, one colleague stated ‘UDL allows me... [to] reflect, listen, change my pedagogical approach...getting input from colleagues and feel safe[ty] in questioning
Current practice in UK on UDL- updated references and useful publication linked to HEA accreditation
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s Alan Turing proved only years later, these machines merely need (1) a (theoretically infi nite) partitioned paper tape, (2) a writing and reading head, and (3) an exact
procedure for the writing and reading head to move over the paper segments. This book seeks to map the three basic logical components of every computer onto the card catalog as a “ paper machine,” analyzing its data processing and interfaces that may justify the claim, “Card catalogs can do anything!”
Purpose of the book.
A card catalog of index cards used by a human meets all the basic criteria of a Turing machine, or abstract computer, as defined by Alan Turing.
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www.cs.toronto.edu www.cs.toronto.edu
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Furthermore, even when nonlinearprojection is used, the layer before the projection head, h,is still much better (>10%) than the layer after, z = g(h),which shows that the hidden layer before the projectionhead is a better representation than the layer after.
[[Seedling: How to efficiently train model that use contrastive learning?]]
[[Seedling: characteristics and properties of embeddings]]
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A nonlinear projection head improves therepresentation quality of the layer before it
[[Seedling: How to efficiently train model that use contrastive learning?]]
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ballotpedia.org ballotpedia.org
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Counties could add additional early voting days from October 22 through October 26 and/or November 4. ↑ Counties could add additional early voting days from October 22 through October 26 and/or November 4. ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Confusion clouds restoration of Florida felons’ voting rights," accessed December 17, 2018 ↑ My News 13, "Amendment 4 Could Be Delayed 60 Days, DeSantis Says," accessed December 17, 2018 ↑ Palm Beach Post, "EXCLUSIVE: DeSantis to act quickly on water, Supreme Court, Broward sheriff," accessed December 17, 2018 ↑ https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2018/12/14/ron-desantis-wants-lawmakers-have-look-amendment-4/2314818002/ Tallahassee Democrat, "Critics angry after Ron DeSantis asks Florida lawmakers to review Amendment 4 implementation," accessed December 17, 2018] ↑ Law 360, "BREAKING: 11th Circ. Sides With Fla. In Felon Voting Rights Dispute," accessed September 11, 2020 ↑ Document Cloud, "Jones v Florida," accessed September 11, 2020 ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 9.2 Florida Division of Elections, "Voting Restoration Amendment 14-01," accessed April 20, 2017 ↑ The Brennan Center, "Voting rights restoration efforts in Florida," accessed July 17, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 11.0 11.1 Florida Commission on Offender Review, "Executive Clemency Timeline: 1991-2015," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 Florida Commission on Offender Review, "Rules of Executive Clemency," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Miami Herald, "Florida’s lifetime ban on voting by felons is unconstitutional, federal judge rules," February 1, 2018 ↑ CBS 12, "Court backs state in felons' rights fight," April 25, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Florida Department of State, "Campaign Finance Database," accessed December 11, 2018 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "fin" defined multiple times with different content ↑ Jump up to: 16.0 16.1 16.2 Florida Secretary of State, "Initiative #14-01 Petition," accessed April 20, 2017 ↑ Jump up to: 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "quotedisclaimer" defined multiple times with different content ↑ Jump up to: 18.0 18.1 Floridians for a Fair Democracy, "Homepage," accessed November 30, 2017 ↑ St. Peters Blog, "Supreme Court OKs gambling control, felon voting rights amendments," April 20, 2017 ↑ Jump up to: 20.0 20.1 Bernie Sanders Tweet, September 26, 2018 ↑ USA Today, "Ex-felons in Florida need their voting rights back," February 11, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Tampa Bay Times, "Where they stand: Candidates for governor on vote for felons," January 30, 2018 ↑ Florida Politics, "‘Julián Castro 2020’? Former HUD head addresses Democrats in Miami," accessed October 1, 2018 ↑ Twitter, "Second Chances Florida September 18, 2018 Tweet," accessed September 20, 2018 ↑ Democratic Progressive Caucus of Florida, "2018 Ballot Amendments Recommendations," accessed October 14, 2018 ↑ Florida Rights Restoration Coalition, "Homepage," accessed January 6, 2017 ↑ Politico, "ACLU to storm 2018 midterms," January 6, 2018 ↑ Our Revolution, "Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative: Voting Restoration Amendment," accessed September 2, 2017 ↑ Florida Politics, "Committee backing voting restoration amendment raises $1.1M in November," December 13, 2017 ↑ Wear TV, "Amendment would restore felons' right to vote in Florida," accessed July 25, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 League of Women Voters of Florida, "Amendments," accessed September 13, 2018 ↑ News-Press, "We support restoration of an ex-felon's voting rights," September 13, 2018 ↑ Florida TaxWatch, "2018 Florida Voter Guide," accessed October 5, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 34.0 34.1 34.2 Second Chances Florida, "Freedom Partners Chamber of Commerce Endorses Amendment 4," September 13, 2018 ↑ Libertarian Party of Florida, "LPF Voting Recommendations for the 2018 FL Ballot," accessed October 19, 2018 ↑ Second Chances Florida, "FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops Announces Support for Amendment 4," October 18, 2018 ↑ TBYR, "2018 Florida Constitutional Amendments Recommendations," accessed November 1, 2018 ↑ News 965, "SINGER JOHN LEGEND WILL RALLY IN ORLANDO TO RESTORE FELON’S VOTING RIGHTS," accessed October 1, 2018 ↑ WLRN, "ACLU Of Florida Explains Its Stand On Constitutional Amendments Four, Six And 11," accessed September 26, 2018 ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, "Amendment 4 will save taxpayer money and give felons a second chance | Opinion," accessed September 20, 2018 ↑ Florida Department of State, "Floridians For A Sensible Voting Rights Policy," accessed November 30, 2017 ↑ Floridians For A Sensible Voting Rights Policy, "Homepage," accessed December 21, 2017 ↑ Floridians For A Sensible Voting Rights Policy, "About," accessed December 21, 2017 ↑ Florida Politics, "Tampa attorney argues against proposed voter restoration amendment," November 3, 2017 ↑ Florida Family Action, "2018 Ballot Amendment Voter Guide," accessed October 19, 2018 ↑ Human Rights Defense Center, "FLORIDA AMENDMENT 4 – HRDC FACT SHEET," accessed November 14, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 47.0 47.1 47.2 Ballotpedia staff, "Email correspondence with Woment Against Registry representative," accessed November 14, 2018 ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Column: Reject effort to restore voting rights for most felons," August 31, 2017 ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, "The case against Amendment 4 on felon voting rights | Opinion," accessed September 20, 2018 ↑ Florida Today, "Why you should vote to restore felons' voting rights | Our view," February 5, 2018 ↑ New York Times, "Florida’s 1.5 Million Missing Voters," January 2, 2018 ↑ Washington Post, "Floridians should scrap these retrograde, racist voting laws," January 27, 2018 ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Times recommends: Yes on Amendment 4," accessed October 8, 2018 ↑ Sun Sentinel, "Five good — seven bad — amendments for Florida’s Constitution | Editorial," accessed October 8, 2018 ↑ Naples News, "Editorial: Our final recommendations on amendments," accessed October 10, 2018 ↑ Tallahassee Democrat, "Florida's constitutional amendments: Vote 'yes' on 4 and 11, 'no' on rest | Our opinion," accessed October 12, 2018 ↑ Herald Tribune, "Editorial: In support of Amendments 3, 4," accessed October 3, 2018 ↑ Your Observer, "Florida voters will decide dozens of ballot questions. Here are six for consideration," accessed October 13, 2018 ↑ Treasure Coast Palm, "How to vote on 12 constitutional amendments on Nov. 6 ballot | Our view," accessed October 13, 2018 ↑ Jacksonville, "Editorial: Sorting out confusing amendments for the voters," accessed October 15, 2018 ↑ My Palm Beach Post, "Editorial: Time to restore voting rights to 1.5 million Floridians," accessed October 15, 2018 ↑ Daily Commercial, "Our Opinion: Our recommendations on the amendments," accessed October 23, 2018 ↑ The Independent Florida Alligator, "The Alligator's endorsements for Constitutional amendments and referenda," accessed October 31, 2018 ↑ The Orlando Sentinel, "Editorial: Florida's Election 2018: Our endorsements for governor, U.S. Senate, U.S. House and the amendments," accessed October 31, 2018 ↑ Miami Herald, "Learn how 12 Florida amendments affect your life, and your wallet, before you vote," accessed November 4, 2018 ↑ News-Press, "Editorial: Proposed amendments too much of a gamble; vote 'no' on 11 of them," accessed October 8, 2018 ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Felon Voting Rights," November 28, 2017 ↑ FairVote, "Average Margin of Victory," accessed August 7, 2017 ↑ Usenix.org, "Computing the Margin of Victory in IRV Elections," accessed August 7, 2017 ↑ Florida Constitution Revision Commission, "Amendments, Election of 11-5-68," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Florida Constitution Revision Commission, "Constitution of 1885," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Florida Constitution Revision Commission, "Constitution of 1868," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Florida Secretary of State, "Tabulation of Official Votes Cast in the General Election (1968)," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Florida Constitution Revision Commission, "Constitution of 1838," accessed December 7, 2017 ↑ Florida Commission on Offender Review, "Clemency," accessed January 30, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 76.0 76.1 76.2 United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, "Johnson v. Bush," April 12, 2005 ↑ United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida, "Johnson v. Bush," September 21, 2000 ↑ Jump up to: 78.0 78.1 78.2 78.3 United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, "Hand v. Scott," February 1, 2018 ↑ NPR, "Voting Rights Process For Florida Felons Unconstitutional, Judge Says," February 2, 2018 ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Judge strikes down Florida’s system for denying felons’ voting rights," February 2, 2018 ↑ CBS News, "Ruling on voting rights for felons in Florida could impact upcoming elections," February 2, 2018 ↑ News 4 JAX, "State says it should control rights restoration," February 12, 2018 ↑ Florida Politics, "State, voting rights group disagree on how to handle clemency process," February 12, 2018 ↑ Orlando Sentinel, "Florida ordered to redo how it restores felons' voting rights," March 26, 2018 ↑ Florida Politics, "Rick Scott, Cabinet appeal voting rights ruling," April 6, 2018 ↑ Florida Politics, "State requests more time in felons’ rights battle," April 25, 2018 ↑ CBS 12, "Court backs state in felons' rights fight," April 25, 2018 ↑ Florida Commission on Offender Review, "Rules of Executive Clemency (2007)," accessed January 30, 2018 ↑ Florida Politics, "Charlie Crist applauds Terry McAuliffe for beating his record on restoring voting rights," April 20, 2018 ↑ Jump up to: 90.0 90.1 The Sentencing Project, "6 Million Lost Voters: State-Level Estimates of Felony Disenfranchisement, 2016," October 6, 2016 ↑ Florida Politics, "Felon voter restoration advocates make their case to Supreme Court," November 23, 2016 ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Voting rights ballot initiative clears Supreme Court legal hurdle," April 20, 2017 ↑ Florida Supreme Court, "Advisory Opinion," April 20, 2017 ↑ Tampa Bay Times, "Petition drive for 2016 would make it easier for ex-felons to regain voting rights," December 21, 2014 ↑ Florida Politics, "Voting restoration amendment has 900,000 signatures," November 29, 2017 ↑ Florida Department of State, "Campaign Finance Database," accessed February 13, 2018 ↑ Florida Secretary of State, "FAQ - Voting," accessed October 17, 2019 ↑ Jump up to: 98.0 98.1 Florida Division of Elections, "National Voter Registration Act (NVRA)," accessed October 6, 2019 ↑ Jump up to: 99.0 99.1 Florida Division of Elections, "Register to Vote or Update your Information," accessed October 6, 2019 ↑ Florida Division of Elections, "Election Day Voting," accessed September 29, 2019 ↑ Jump up to: 101.0 101.1 Florida Division of Elections, "Florida History: Voter ID at the Polls," accessed September 29, 2019 ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Voter Identification Requirements|Voter ID Laws," June 5, 2017 ↑ The Washington Post, "Do I need an ID to vote? A look at the laws in all 50 states," October 27, 2014 ↑ United States Census Bureau, "QuickFacts - Florida," accessed May 9, 2018 ↑ Florida Demographics, "Florida Cities by Population," accessed May 9, 2018 Only the first few references on this page are shown above. Click to show more.
This source can be verified through the references at the bottom of the page, which must be expanded from the text that says "Only the first few references on this page are shown above. Click to show more.".
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- Nov 2021
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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Scratch my head, Peaseblossom. Where’s Monsieur Cobweb?
Bottom is in charge. He is ordering around the faires because Titania allowed it. He was controlling her feelings and thats why he is allowed to order around the faires.
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vault.si.com vault.si.com
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Smoke from a tear-gas canister haddriven thousands of hockey fans into the streets, sparking afour-hour rampage that yielded the requisite fires, shatteredwindows, looted stores, overturned cars and 137 arrests
I still can't wrap my head around how crazy hockey fans get and that it can escalate to something so violent
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www.sbnation.com www.sbnation.com
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Not surprising, then, that a French paper published a cartoon of Campbell’s bloody head on a platter with the caption, “This is how we would like to see him.”
This would never happen today
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consc.net consc.net
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The experiences themselves are, so to speak, invisible to the introspective scanner. We come to have knowledge of them (that we have them) without ever being made aware of them. At least we are not made aware of them, as we are of beer bottles, as objects having properties that serve to identify them.
Bill Lycan claimed that, even if introspection is a possible kind of perception, it is still pretty weird. If I introspect "I see apple", the only perception is .
Roughly, the reason is that, while external objects, like apples, has perceptible properties like color, reflectivity, taste... the inner objects, like "the awareness of "apple"", cannot have any property.
To introspect, then, is like looking at the sky, and suddenly God directly sends a thought "I see God" into your head by an invisible beam.
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www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
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"O look," said Alma Rose, "here is Chien come for his share of petting." The dog laid his long head with the sad eyes upon her knee; uttering little friendly words, Maria bent and caressed him. "He has been lonely without you like the rest of us," came from Alma Rose. "Every morning he used to look at your bed to see if you were not back." She called him to her. "Come, Chien; come and let me pet you too."
In my opinion, dogs are amazing animals. They love you unconditionally. My dog has to be by my side all the time. She is definitely my protector. These lines really remind me of my dog and how great she is.
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"There is a little water on the ice," said he, "and the snow has melted; but we ought to be able to cross all the same. Get up, Charles Eugene." The horse lowered his head and sniffed at the white expanse in front of him, then adventured upon it without more ado. The ruts of the winter road were gone, the little firs which had marked it at intervals were nearly all fallen and lying in the half-thawed snow; as they passed the island the ice cracked twice without breaking. Charles Eugene trotted smartly toward the house of Charles Lindsay on the other bank. But when the sleigh reached midstream, below the great fall, the horse had perforce to slacken pace by reason of the water which had overflowed the ice and wetted the snow. Very slowly they approached the shore; there remained only some thirty feet to be crossed when the ice began to go up and down under the horse's hoofs.
I'm not sure if I would risk going over the frozen river when spring was coming. It just sounds like a disaster waiting to happen.
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She seems to remember someone long since whispering in her ear that the world and life were cheerless and gray. The daily round, brightened only by a few unsatisfying, fleeting pleasures; the slow passage of unchanging years; the encounter with some young man, like other young men, whose patient and hopeful courting ends by winning affection; a marriage then, and afterwards a vista of days under another roof, but scarce different from those that went before. So does one live, the voice had told her. Naught very dreadful in the prospect, and, even were it so, what possible but submission; yet all level, dreary and chill as an autumn field. It is not true! Alone there in the darkness Maria shakes her head, a smile upon her lips, and knows how far from true it is. When she thinks of Paradis, his look, his bearing, of what they are and will be to one another, he and she, something within her bosom has strange power to burn with the touch of fire, and yet to make her shiver. All the strong youth of her, the long-suffering of her sooth-fast heart find place in it; in the upspringing of hope and of longing, this vision of her approaching miracle of happiness.
The harshness of reality can be cast aside by the love of a relationship in the eyes of Maria.
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In one of these compartments the father and mother had their bed; Maria and Alma Rose in the other. A steep stairway ascended from a corner to the loft where the boys slept in the summer-time; with the coming of winter they moved their bed down and enjoyed the warmth of the stove with the rest of the family.
Diagram of the house they live in as well as putting a vivid picture in the readers head.
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The alders formed a thick and unbroken hedge along the river Peribonka; but the leafless stems did not shut away the steeply sloping bank, the levels of the frozen river, the dark hem of the woods crowding to the farther edge-leaving between the solitude of the great trees, thick-set and erect, and the bare desolateness of the ice only room for a few narrow fields, still for the most part uncouth with stumps, so narrow indeed that they seemed to be constrained in the grasp of an unkindly land.
The vivid imagery of the location where the story is being held puts a picture in your head.
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Her young vigour and health, the beautiful heavy hair and sunburnt neck of a country girl, the frank honesty of eye and gesture, all these things, thought he, were possessions of the child of seven years ago; and twice or thrice he shook his head as though to say that, in truth, she had not changed. But the consciousness too was there that he, if not she, had changed, for the sight of her before him took strange hold upon his heart.
Maria had change in some physical ways do to her new surroundings but not what was in her personality.
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"There is a little water on the ice," said he, "and the snow has melted; but we ought to be able to cross all the same. Get up, Charles Eugene." The horse lowered his head and sniffed at the white expanse in front of him, then adventured upon it without more ado. The ruts of the winter road were gone, the little firs which had marked it at intervals were nearly all fallen and lying in the half-thawed snow; as they passed the island the ice cracked twice without breaking. Charles Eugene trotted smartly toward the house of Charles Lindsay on the other bank. But when the sleigh reached midstream, below the great fall, the horse had perforce to slacken pace by reason of the water which had overflowed the ice and wetted the snow. Very slowly they approached the shore; there remained only some thirty feet to be crossed when the ice began to go up and down under the horse's hoofs
Shows how dangerous the travel was when spring was coming. It was only safe to travel in winter when the water was frozen making travel easier.
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Her father shook his head regretfully. The imposing ceremonial, the Latin chants, the lighted tapers, the solemnity of the Sunday mass never failed to fill him with exaltation. In a little he began to sing:—
Because religion was part of the culture, when he was there it uplifted him.
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wt3fall2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu wt3fall2021.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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HOMER: Nothing protects us son, nothing holds us nothing leads us on but we tumble ahead anyway we scrape we bleed we bite you're going to fight and fight -ITCHY & SCRATCHY are swept up in the enthusiasm. ITCHY: Fight and fight and fight and fight and fight! BURNS: Itchy!
I didn't really get to see this scene but I can imagine it to be very dark and sounding like Burns is getting inside the head of Bart. Then it leads to Burns pleading that Bart kills him and he will still be around forever even if he falls into the river.
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pressbooks.pub pressbooks.pub
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My hair stood erect on my head—I felt the blood congealing in my veins—my heart ceased utterly to beat,
imagery
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ia601505.us.archive.org ia601505.us.archive.org
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Purpose P140 How do certain defining phrases determine who you are? How do your values define you? What does your sense of purpose say about who you are?
passion, identity, values, and reasons Sleep has never been easy for me. My purpose and reasons were super-clear, so I was plenty motivated. The longer you go without sleep, the harder it becomes to maintain a sense of reality—or motivation.
Often our greatest struggles lead to our greatest strengths.
My two biggest challenges as a child were learning and public speaking.
Sleep given me two very important lessons: 1) rarely have to prepare for a speech, I live them 2) I’ve had to become really clear on my purpose Second, I’ve had to become really clear on my purpose, my identity, my values, and my reasons for doing what I do every day. When you don’t sleep, and you have a very limited amount of energy and focus, you don’t waste it. You prioritize and get crystal clear about your commitments and why you are making them. All of those choices have led to inexhaustible motivation. That’s what we’ll talk about in this chapter. START WITH WHY p42 (Start with Why by Simon Sinek) 1) he often stresses the importance of being able to convey to others why you do what you do. (“People don’t buy what you do, they buy why you do it, so it follows that if you don’t know why you do what you do, how will anyone else?”) 2) We hear the words purpose and goals business the same or different
- A goal is the point one wishes to achieve
- A purpose is the reason one aims at to achieve a goal But how do you do this? One of the popular ways is setting SMART goals. S is for Specific M is for Measurable A is for Actionable R is for Realistic T is for Time-based The challenge for many people is that this process To get your goals out of your head and into your hands, make sure they fit with your emotions—with your HEART H is for Healthy E is for Enduring A is for Alluring R is for Relevant T is for Truth
ON PURPOSE AND PASSION People who know their purpose in life know who they are, what they are, and why they are. My experience, however, passion and purpose are not the same thing; instead, one leads to the other.
who DO YOU THINK YOU ARE? They say the two most powerful words in the English language are the shortest: “I am.” Whatever you put after those two words determines your destiny. When you consciously decide to identify with the habit or goal you want to create or achieve. you will experience enormous power.
A HIERARCHY OF VALUES : Values goal
FINDING YOUR REASONS When it comes to doing anything in life, reasons reap rewards feeling good is not required to feel motivate You could feel amazing and still get nothing done if your reasons for doing so are not strong enough.
WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO LOSE? What is motivation? set of emotions (painful and pleasurable), the fuel for our actions
Where does it come from? Motivation comes from purpose
TYING IT ALL TOGETHER
passion, identity, values, and reasons
BEFORE WE MOVE ON Write down a list of your most common “I am” statements Create a list of the things you value the most “why” before you do anything
You see, when you give your body the best possible fuel, you have more energy, you're stronger, you think more quickly. Michelle Obama
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steve-yegge.blogspot.com steve-yegge.blogspot.com
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And what happens to that bytecode? First thing that happens is they build a tree out of it, because the bytecode verifier has to go in and make sure you're not doing anything [illegal].
Lars Bak makes this point in a Channel 9 interview. I think it was this one (can't tell; dead link): http://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Going+Deep/Expert-to-Expert-Erik-Meijer-and-Lars-Bak-Inside-V8-A-Javascript-Virtual-Machine
One of his interlocutors can't wrap his head around it. He makes a "but C# and Java are compiled languages"-type of argument comes off like Limmy's confused protest that "steel is heavier than feathers...".
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moses.creighton.edu moses.creighton.edu
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The funeral ceremonies over, the mourning does not cease, the wife continues it the whole year for the husband, and the husband for the wife; but the great mourning properly lasts only ten days. During this time they remain lying on mats and enveloped in furs, their faces against the ground, without speaking or answering anything except Cway, to those who come to visit them. They do not warm themselves even in Winter, they [192] eat cold food, [page 273] they do not go to the feasts, they go out only at night for their necessities; they cause a handful of hair to be cut from the back of the head; they say this is done only when the grief is profound,—the husband practicing this ceremony generally on the death of his wife, or the wife on the death of her husband. This is what there is of their great mourning.
I found this very interesting as a practice of mourning. In a way, it resembles what one might go through internally at the loss of a loved one. Many barely eat and lie in bed for days. This custom shows a great deal of respect for the loss of a loved spouse.
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T is amusing to hear them speak their souls,—or rather, I should say, it is a thing quite worthy of compassion to see reasonable men, with sentiments so low concerning an essence so noble and bearing so distinct marks of Divinity. They give it different names according to its different conditions or different operations. In so far as it merely animates the body and gives it life, they call it khiondhecwi; in so far as it is possessed of reason, oki andaérandi, "like a demon, counterfeiting a demon; " in so far as it thinks and deliberates [97] on anything, they call it endionrra; and gonennoncwal, in so far as it bears affection to any object; whence it happens that they often say ondayee ihaton onennoncwat, "That is what my heart says to me, that is what my appetite desires." Then if it is separated from the body they call it esken, and even the bones of the dead, atisken,—in my opinion, on the false persuasion entertained by them that the soul remains in some way attached to them for some time after death, at least that it is not far removed from them; they think of the soul as divisible, and you would have all the difficulty in the world to make them believe that our soul is entire in all parts of the body. They give to it even a head, arms, legs,—in short, a body; [page 141] and to put them in great perplexity it is only necessary to ask them by what exit the soul departs at death, if it be really corporeal, and has a body as large as that which it animates; for to that they have no reply. As to what is the state of the soul after death, they hold that it separates in such a way from the body that it does not abandon it immediately. When they bear it to the [98] grave, it walks in front, and remains in the cemetery until the feast of the Dead; by night, it walks through the villages and enters the Cabins, where it takes its part in the feasts, and eats what is left at evening in the kettle; whence it happens that many, on this account, do not willingly eat from it on the morrow; there are even some of them who will not go to the feasts made for the souls, believing that they would certainly die if they should even taste of the provisions prepared for them; others, however, are not so scrupulous, and eat their fill. At the feast of the Dead, which takes place about every twelve years, the souls quit the cemeteries, and in the opinion of some are changed into Turtledoves, which they pursue later in the woods, with bow and arrow, to broil and eat; nevertheless the most common belief is that after this ceremony, of which I shall speak below, they go away in company, covered as they are with robes and collars which have been put into the grave for them, to a great Village, which is toward the [99] setting Sun,—except, however, the old people and the little children who have not as strong limbs as the others to make this voyage; these remain in the country, where they have their own particular Villages. Some [page 143] assert that at times they hear the noise of the doors of their Cabins, and the voices of the children chasing the birds in the fields. They sow corn in its season, and use the fields the living have abandoned; if any Village takes fire, which often happens in this country, they take care to gather from the middle of this fire the roasted corn, and lay it by as a part of their provisions. The souls which are stronger and more robust have their gathering place, as I have said, toward the West, where each Nation has its own Village; and if the soul of an Algonquin were bold enough to present itself at the Village of the Bear Nation's souls, it would not be well received. The souls of those who died in war form a band by themselves; the others fear them, and do not permit their entry into their Village, any more than to the [100] souls of those who have killed themselves. As to the souls of thieves, they are quite welcome, and, if they were banished from them, there would not be a soul left; for as I have said, Huron and thief are one and the same thing; and the wealthiest man in the Country will do all he can to try his hand at it, if he finds something in your house lying apart which he likes. I asked one day one of our Savages where they thought the Village of souls was; he answered that it was toward the Tobacco Nation, that is to say, toward the West, eight leagues from us, and that some persons had seen them as they were going; that the road they took was broad and well-beaten; that they passed near a rock called Ecaregniondi, which has often been found marked with the paint which they use to smear their faces. [page 145] Another told me that on the same road, before arriving at the Village, one comes to a Cabin where lives one named Oscotarach, or "Pierce-head," who draws the brains out of the heads of the dead, and keeps them. You must pass a river, and [101] the only bridge you have is the trunk of a tree laid across, and very slightly supported. The passage is guarded by a dog, which jumps at many souls, and makes them fall; they are at the same time carried away by the violence of the torrent, and stifled in the waters. "But," said I to him, "whence have you learned all this news of the other world?" "It is," he told me, "persons brought back to life, who have reported it." Thus it is the devil deceives them in their dreams; thus he speaks by the mouth of some, who having been left as dead, recover health, and talk at random of the other life, according to the ideas that this wretched master gives them. According to them the Village of souls is in no respect unlike the Village of the living,—they go hunting, fishing, and to the woods; axes, robes, and collars are as much esteemed as among the living. In a word, everything is the same; there is only this difference, that day and night they do nothing but groan and complain. They have Captains, who from time to time put an end to it and try to moderate their [102] sighs and groans. God of truth, what ignorance and stupidity! Illuminare his qui in tenebris, et in umbra mortis sedent. Now this false belief they have about souls is kept up among them by means of certain stories which the fathers tell their children, which are so poorly put together that I am perfectly astounded to see .how men believe them and accept them as truth. [page 147] Here are two of the most stupid ones, which I get from persons of intelligence and judgment among them.
These are very different takes on what happens after death and very different from common customs and beliefs.
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The writer describes the unusual and intense drought which prevailed throughout Canada, in the spring and early summer of 1635. The Huron country, being sandy, is especially affected, and is threatened with a total failure of the crops.
Again, we see more of a picture being painted that this is awful land ridden with failed crops and intense drought. Giving it a hell on earth sense and a cringeworthy image in the readers head.
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The Head of the Council is the Captain who calls it. Matters are decided by a plurality of votes,
They stated the captain decides but also they vote on the decision?
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www.newsnationnow.com www.newsnationnow.com
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“I picked him up. People were stepping on him. People were like stomping, and I picked his head up and I looked at his eyes, and his eyes were just white, rolled back to the back of his head,” he said.
People ignored injured not just Travis
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Reviewer #1 (Public Review):
The manuscript by Huang et al. reports the cryo-EM structures of EGF and TGFalpha bound to full-length EGFR. As for other receptor tyrosine kinases like the insulin and IGF1 receptors, the transmembrane helices and cytoplasmic kinase domains are not resolved in the cryo-EM maps.
3D classification of EGF-EGFR revealed multiple, closely-related conformational states of the ligand-bound ectodomain, in which a "scissor-like" rotation of the EGF binding portion of the ectodomain (D1-3) was correlated with a separation of the ends of the membrane-proximal domain (D4); the larger the scissor angle (~25{degree sign}), the closer the ends of D4 (~5 Å), and vice versa. For the smaller scissor angle of ~10{degree sign}, the two-fold symmetry of the EGF+EGFR complex breaks down, such that one of the D4 domains pivots from D1-3 further than the other one, resulting in a D4 separation of ~20 Å.
The authors utilized previous NMR data on the isolated TM helices of EGFR, which indicated that there are two mutually exclusive crossovers points between the TM helices, one closer to the N-termini of the helices and one closer to the C-termini. Molecular dynamics simulations performed by the authors showed that, in general, the "tips-separated" configuration of the D4 domains was correlated with the N-terminal apposition of the TM helices, and the "tips-juxtaposed" configuration was correlated with the C-terminal apposition.
Previous biochemical data had indicated/suggested that the N-terminal dimerization of the TM helices results in higher kinase activity (through formation of the asymmetric kinase dimer) than the C-terminal dimerization, even though the C-terminal dimerization places the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane (JM) regions (leading into the kinase domains) closer together.
The authors determined cryo-EM structures of EGF bound to an EGFR mutant, L834R, which is a gain-of-function substitution in the activation loop of the kinase domain, and found that D4 in the tips-separated conformation was stabilized vs. in wild-type EGFR, indicating that a stabilized asymmetric kinase dimer is conformationally coupled to the tips-separated ectodomain conformation.
The authors determined cryo-EM structures with TGFalpha bound to EGFR and found that, in this ensemble of structures, D4 in the tips-separated conformation was destabilized (vs. in the EGF-EGFR structures) because of slight differences in the ligand-binding head of EGFR induced by TGFalpha vs. EGF binding.
All of these data - theirs and others - led to the hypothesis that EGF is a higher activity ligand than TGFalpha (despite both being high-affinity binders to EGFR) because of the conformational coupling between the ligand-binding head of EGFR, the distal tips of D4, the TM helices, the cytoplasmic JM region, and the asymmetric kinase dimer. To test this hypothesis, the authors performed in vitro and in-cell activity assays and, indeed, found that the level of EGFR phosphorylation was higher when stimulated with EGF vs. TGFalpha.
To provide evidence that the conformational coupling described above was responsible, the authors generated mutant EGFRs -a point mutation in D4 (W492G) and insertion in and replacement of the extracellular JM region - and measured phosphorylation levels upon stimulation with EGF or TGFalpha. These data showed that increasing the flexibility in these regions (through mutation) abrogated the phosphorylation difference in the two cases (EGF vs. TGFalpha), consistent with their hypothesis.
In summary, this is an impressive study providing solid evidence for a molecular mechanism by which two related, high-affinity growth factors, binding in exactly the same site, can achieve differential signaling outputs through a dimerized receptor tyrosine kinase, and represents an important advance in the field.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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The CVnCoV (CureVac) mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 has recently been evaluated in a phase 2b/3 efficacy trial in humans1. CV2CoV is a second-generation mRNA vaccine with non-modified nucleosides but optimized non-coding regions and enhanced antigen expression. Here we report a head-to-head study of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of CVnCoV and CV2CoV in nonhuman primates. We immunized 18 cynomolgus macaques with two doses of 12 ug of lipid nanoparticle formulated CVnCoV, CV2CoV, or sham (N=6/group). CV2CoV induced substantially higher binding and neutralizing antibodies, memory B cell responses, and T cell responses as compared with CVnCoV. CV2CoV also induced more potent neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta variant. Moreover, CV2CoV proved comparably immunogenic to the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine in macaques. While CVnCoV provided partial protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, CV2CoV afforded more robust protection with markedly lower viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Binding and neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy. These data demonstrate that optimization of non-coding regions can greatly improve the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a non-modified mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in nonhuman primates.
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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In her frustration, she picked up the white mask from her desk and pulled it over her head. Before it was all the way on, the system recognized her face — or, at least, it recognized the mask.
Wij kunnen diversiteit omarmen, we zijn verschillend en samen komen we tot de beste oplossingen. Maar we moeten dan wel eerst wel deze diversiteit goed begrijpen en respecteren. Als een team van ontwikkelaars niet divers kan worden samengesteld, kunnen ze wel met criteria werken die wel door een diverse groep zijn opgesteld wellicht.
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moses.creighton.edu moses.creighton.edu
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As soon as they were taken captive, they were stripped naked, and [46] some of their nails were torn out; and the welcome which they received upon entering the village of St. Ignace was a hailstorm of blows with sticks upon their shoulders, their loins, their legs, their breasts, their bellies, and their faces,—there being no part of their bodies which did not then endure its torment.
This is absolutely disgusting and puts an image in your head that you want to forget.
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casting into the midst of the flames the old men, the sick, the children who had not been able to escape
This creates such a negative picture in your head.
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pressbooks.howardcc.edu pressbooks.howardcc.edu
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The chairman of the board, Mr. A, would lead these meetings and would get regular reports from the vice-chairman. Mr. B. The secretary who took the notes at these meetings was Mr. C, and the treasurer was Mr. D. Rounding out Grade Bunch, Inc. was Mr. F, the head of security at Marks Elementary.
Gre is thinking each of these individuals might be made of the letters.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Suffice to say the form is not produced by the NHS. Almost everything on the form is misinformation designed to induce vaccine hesitancy or worse. Head teachers please take note.
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www.forbes.com www.forbes.com
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Also, through groups like ClimateAction.Tech and publicly created documents like the Sustainable Web Manifesto, a burgeoning global community of designers and developers has emerged to address these issues head on, which is also encouraging. In 2013, Mightybytes created Ecograder and Sustainable Web Design to help website owners better understand the environmental impact of their digital products and services. We hope to redesign the former in 2021. We’re in the process of redesigning the latter with Wholegrain Digital, another B Corp agency that also created a website carbon calculator. Many similar projects, like Branch from ClimateAction.Tech, are now popping up left and right. It’s an exciting time to be a purpose-driven designer or developer.
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The scope of the system we can hold in our head is the portion of the system we can change.
hold in our had
can change

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www.foulston.com www.foulston.com
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reverse engineering.
Gina told me I could take whatever was in my head, but not documents if I went to work for Crossroads. So I made tons of original documents of things I thought she considered confidential, but I had no reason to think basic policies were confidential because they are policies that are not regarded as confidential anywhere in the policy manual. Nor are specific forms called that. It's unclear what is confidential information, processes, or documents. So in order to be above reproach, I worked hard to create things based on what was in my head, even though now I'm wondering why I went through all that trouble since no efforts were made by oconnell to clarify what's a trade secret, what's confidential, and what's not. Of course I was confused during this process and the only thing I felt I was doing was withholding information from Gina that I was consulting because I merely thought she would have a bad taste in her mouth about it--not that it was illegal or protected or proprietary information to be protected as a trade secret. We've never had a culture of secrecy, and confidential information has only and always been discussed in my presence at oconnell as confidential health information abotu clients. Never have we been instructed to protect, hide, distinguish certain key processes or docuements are confidential or trade secrets--I see very little value in any document in and of itself, in any penny board, paragraph describing family meetings, anything that is obviously publically available and accessible by anyone including visitors, case teams, DCF, and all clients and employees regardless of manager status, privileged access via password protected stuff, etc.
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digital-grainger.github.io digital-grainger.github.io
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papaw
It's still called this in many parts of the world. As a kid I grew up with Disney's "The Bare Necessities" stuck in my head. It's Pawpaw in that colonial fantasy too.
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Local file Local file
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The question remains, who will ultimately fight for the introduction of school uniforms? The school boards could substantiate the decision, but the actual implementation of the measure requires one to dare to abandon years of policy. In this respect, it would be a good idea if in education, heads of school would not stay on for more than five years or so. A head of school with a fresh look is essential to recognise group processes in schools and address them. However, that is for another day.
Argument in this paragraph overall seems to be about feasibility, but feasibility is not necessarily logically relevant to a normative judgement.
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oxfraud.com oxfraud.com
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hese palaeographers are basing their transcriptions on a difficult-to-read script so it is not surprising that they propose different spellings.
Difficult for Price to read. The difficulty in legibility improves the discriminant value of the signatures (and makes it impossible to attribute the letterforms to a scribe). Look at the photographs of scribal work on this site.
Note also that when reproducing the signatures, Price offers, as do all Oxfordian analysts, terrible PMTs of an acid engraving made in the 1800s when high resolution photographs are easy to procure and copyright free. As if clarity would hurt their case. See the photo gallery at the head of this article.
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Author Response:
Reviewer #1 (Public Review):
In their manuscript, Sengupta et al. describe a developmental mechanism that positions a single neuron across multiple layers in the hierarchical C. elegans nerve ring. The authors show that neighborhood placement of the interneuron AIB is established during embryogenesis and is maintained throughout development. AIB is one of the few C. elegans neurons that are divided into distinct pre- and post-synaptic regions, and its axons curiously occupy two physically separated neighborhoods or layers. How this occurs is not known. This study uses time-lapse imaging to show that unlike canonical axon tip outgrowth mediating fasciculation in a target region, AIB's axon occupies two neighborhoods by first growing completely into one, and then gradually unzippering from the first, switching, and zippering onto the second neighborhood. Importantly, axon outgrowth and neighborhood choice are continuously visualized during embryogenesis, an impressive experiment typically constrained by lack of cell-specific reporters during early development as well as the struggle of imaging embryos.
The authors posit that zippering is mediated by temporally regulated differential adhesive forces between AIB's neighboring pre- and post-synaptic neurons. How this differs from differential adhesion in classic fasciculating neurons is described but could be made much clearer. They proceed to identify the immunoglobulin syg-1/syg-2 receptor-ligand pair to be necessary and sufficient for AIB's axon switch; in syg-1/syg-2 mutants, AIB is not able to position itself in the second neighborhood and remains fasciculated with the first one, suggesting that adhesive forces are dampened in syg-1/syg-2 mutants. Lastly, the authors show that pre-synapse assembly follows zippering, linking AIB axon placement with synaptogenesis, and that this is also compromised in syg mutants.
The pipeline used to study axon outgrowth at a single-cell level in the embryo at relevant time points is commendable and will be useful to people studying C. elegans nervous system establishment. Although the overall manuscript and data are well-presented, we think the mechanism of retrograde zippering could be better described. Also, syg-1/syg-2 expression needs to be delineated to support the notion of differential adhesion between neighborhoods.
We have further clarified the novelty of the zippering mechanism, contrasting it with tip-directed outgrowth. We have also performed a thorough analysis of syg-1 expression.
Reviewer #2 (Public Review):
A large amount of data is presented in this paper. The experiments are carefully documented and support the conclusions. Of particular importance is the live imaging of the outgrowth of the AIB neurite in the embryo. This is challenging and required the development of a new marker for labelling and the adaptation of a new type of microscope. This enabled the initial and surprising observation that part of the neurite relocates after outgrowth. I'm not sure that the mathematical modeling adds much. The main conclusion is that the modeling is consistent with a "net increase of adhesive forces in the anterior neighbourhood", which is to be expected. The authors then try to identify the relevant adhesion molecules and find that a pair of IgCAMs (syg-1 and syg-2), which are known to act as receptor-ligand pair, are involved. A series of experiments establishes that syg-2 act in the AIB neurons, whereas syg-1 does not. The neurite positioning defects in syg-1 and syg-2 mutants are partially penetrant, suggesting that other adhesion molecules must be involved. While a large percentage of mutant animals show defects, the defects within an individual animal are surprisingly low with only 21.5% +/- 4% of the neurite detached. This would suggest that syg-1/syg-2 aren't even the major adhesion molecules involved here. In further studies, where the authors ablate the RIM neurons (which express syg-1), the authors use a different measure to quantify the defects (minimal distance between neurite segments, Suppl Figure 7). This makes it difficult to compare the results to those of the syg-1 mutants. For the ectopic expression experiments with syg-1 the authors only report the percentage of animal with defects and not the extent of the defects (how much of the neurite was in an abnormal position).
Overall, this is a very detailed study describing an important novel mechanism for neurite positioning within an nerve bundle.
We have added in this revised version additional quantifications, including ‘the minimal distance between neurite segments’ measure (the one used for the RIM ablation experiments) in Figure 4-figure supplement 1 for the placement defects in syg-1(ky652) and syg-2(ky671) mutants, allowing direct comparisons between the phenotypes. We have also added a measure for the percentage of the distal neurite that is mispositioned in the ectopic expression experiments (Figure 6-figure supplement 1A). We do not claim that SYG-1/SYG-2 are the only adhesion molecules involved in AIB neurite placement, but that they are required for complete and proper placement of the neurite. We clarify this in the text.
Reviewer #3 (Public Review):
This is a very interesting manuscript describing the changes of neurite position in a complex neuropil during development. The experimental system is well chosen because AIB's function within the circuit requires its neurite to be in two different neuropil "neighborhoods". The manuscript included some technically difficult experiments of imaging neurite outgrowth in C. elegans embryos which are very hard to do. The surprising finding here is that neurite position is not sole dependent on its growth cone navigation. In the case of the AIB neuron, the growth cone is anchored after it reaches its destination point and then a segment of the neurite shift direction towards its final position through a zippering action. They also show that this shift in position is driven by adhesion molecules SYG-1 and SYG-2. Overall, I think this is a strong candidate for eLife. I have one main point and a few minor points.
My main point is about the relationship between synapse formation and neurite zippering. In my opinion, this is an interesting point because it would tell us if the zippering behavior is a consequence of synapse formation or it is a distinct specificity step before synapse formation. From the time course that was described in the paper, it seems that the accumulation of RAB-3 only starts after the zippering has completed. I would suggest the authors to examine at least another synaptic marker like SNB-1 or SYD-2. We have created cell specific endogenous labeling of several active zone markers that can be used for these experiments. If the results hold, then, I think the authors should make it clear in the text that the zippering takes place before synapse formation and serves as a distinct step in achieving the neighborhood specificity.
We thank the reviewer for generously sending us strains for cell-specific endogenous active zone protein labeling (McDonald et al., 2021) using the SapTrap method (Schwartz and Jorgensen, 2016). We made constructs expressing FLP recombinase downstream of the inx-1 and unc-42 promoters for cell-specific labeling of these active zone proteins in AIB and injected them into the strains. Although we observed cell-specific synaptic signal in larvae with both inx-1p and unc-42p-driven FLP, we were not able to observe signal during embryogenesis, probably due to cell-specific synaptic protein expression levels being low.
Therefore and to address the reviewer’s question about the temporal order of zippering and synapse formation, we have cell-specifically expressed two active zone proteins in AIB (CLA-1 and SYD-2) and measured their intensities over time in AIB in embryos (Figure 7, Figure 7-figure supplement 1A-F). We find that similar to RAB-3, synaptic signal is not visible until after the end of zippering, and progressively increases over time following zippering. These observations suggest that synapses do not initiate retrograde zippering. We added the time-course of active zone protein localization in AIB in the context of the time course of retrograde zippering (Figure 7J). Consistent with these observations, in a syd-2(ola341) allele identified in our screen, we find that although synapses are mislocalized, AIB neurite placement is unaffected, consistent with the idea that synapse formation is not upstream of zippering-mediated placement (Figure 7-figure supplement 1G-K).
We acknowledge, however, that our studies are limited by detection of the synaptic proteins, and that, while it does not appear that synaptogenesis leads to zippering, a cooperative and synergistic relationship might exist between the process of zippering and synaptogenesis to hold the neurite position in place. We have added text to better discuss this relationship between zippering and synaptogenesis in light of these findings.
Minor points
- The schematic diagram is somewhat misleading because in the axial view, the anterior and posterior segment of the nerve ring should appear on top of each other. The lateral view is the right view to show the anterior and posterior segments.
This is a valid point - if we look at the worm directly head-on, the two segments of the neurite would be on top of one another. A slight tilt of the worm head enables visualization of the parts of the neurite in the two neighborhoods. We have now clarified this in the figure legends.
- Describe the screen that led to the mutant alleles of syg-1 and syg-2 better. Any other mutants?
We have described the screen further in Methods and now include another allele, corresponding to syd-2 (Figure 7-figure supplement 1), isolated from the screen.
- "Consistent with the importance of adhesion-based mechanisms in the observed phenotypes, ectopic expression of the SYG-1 endodomain in the posterior neighborhood did not result in mislocalization of AIB (Figure 6-figure supplement 1A,B). " This statement is wrong. I suspect the authors meant in syg-2 mutants.
The statement might have been confusing, but it is not wrong. We have found that ectopic expression of the SYG-1 endodomain, which lacks SYG-1’s extracellular domains, does not cause ectopic placement of the AIB neurite, which is what we described in that statement. We have edited to make it more clear.
- For Fig. 7-figure supplement 1, please quantify this phenotype.
We have now included quantifications for this in Figure 7-figure supplement 3.
References
MCDONALD, N. A., FETTER, R. D. & SHEN, K. 2021. Author Correction: Assembly of synaptic active zones requires phase separation of scaffold molecules. Nature, 595, E35. SCHWARTZ, M. L. & JORGENSEN, E. M. 2016. SapTrap, a Toolkit for High-Throughput CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Modification in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 202, 1277-88.
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pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.caArtemis2
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Look, Niobe comes, followed by a crowded throng, visible, in her Phrygian robes woven with gold, and as beautiful as anger will let her be. Turning her lovely head with the hair falling loose over both her shoulders, she pauses, and looks around with pride in her eyes, from her full height, saying ‘What madness, to prefer the gods you are told about to the ones you see? Why is Leto worshipped at the altars, while as yet my godhead is without its incense? Tantalus is my father, who is the only man to eat the food of the gods. My mother is one of the seven sisters, the Pleiades. Great Atlas, who carries the axis of the heavens on his shoulders, is one of my grandfathers.
She is descended from godly beings, but is she human?
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And you will be Watcher over Streets and Harbours.” So he spoke and bent his head to confirm his words.
Isn't Zeus forcing Artemis to take more participation within cities? when she has already stated that she prefers to stay in the mountains. Is he not ignoring her fundamental request to be in nature when he makes her the "watcher over streets and harbors"?
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newrepublic.com newrepublic.com
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We don’t have to look hard to find influential evangelicals peddling Trump’s lies. Activist Charlie Kirk, who co-founded a think tank at Falwell’s Liberty University, and Franklin Graham, the head of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, have both fueled evangelical conspiracies about a stolen election.
TPUSA
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The Abstract — If provided, this section of a paper gives a general overview of the paper’s content. It’s good to start here first, to sort of “seed” the ideas and concepts of the paper into your head.
When I read other people's papers, I always like to start with the abstract, seeing as starting with that gives me a good overview of what the rest of the paper's about. There's less confusion and a more clear picture of what I'm reading.
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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This review reflects comments and contributions by Rachel Lau, Claudia Molina, Arthur Molines, Anup Parchure, Daniel Rios, Rajan Thakur and Sagar Varankar.
This is a very interesting and thorough study using a novel optogenetic approach for Bicoid regulation and uncovers a novel repressive function of this protein. The experiments are very well designed and the figures are easy to follow.
General clarification - would it be possible to comment on whether nos-tub bnt + Bcd LEXY/iRFP-bCD LEXY embryos hatch? What is the consequence of perturbing the gene network on the overall fitness of the animal?
Abstract
‘Our results recapitulate known relationships’ - Is it possible to specify what the genes listed in this sentence represent? The genes referred to here are likely developmental regulators. For non-specialist readers, it would be helpful to include the term which encompasses these genes to specify that their 'results recapitulate known relationships between _'.
Introduction
Recommend adding additional references in this section, pointing out to the source for different statements. Citing the original research paper rather than a review can attribute credit to the original authors (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953266).
Figure 1
‘Studying Bicoid-dependent gap gene responses using a stimulus-response approach in single-input embryos.(a-b)’ - Figure 1a-b is good for readers not familiar/specialists in the topic to understand gene networks and how they are conventionally characterised.
‘Illumination also produced nuclear export of similar magnitude and spatial precision, with a 4-fold change in nuclear concentration between dark and light conditions and a spatial precision of ∼10-12 μm (1-2 cells) (Figure S1b-d)’ - This is an important point, may be worth showing it in the main figure.
Figure 2
Figure 2A ‘Bicoid was fused to various fluorescent proteins at its N terminus and to the LEXY optogenetic system at its C terminus. 450 nm light illumination exposes LEXY’s nuclear export sequence (NES), leading to an expected decrease in Bicoid transcriptional activity.’ - For clarity, it may be better to show Bcd inside or outside the nucleus in each condition?
Figure 2C ‘Larval cuticles for Bcd-LEXY variants in dark and light conditions. Anterior head and posterior tail structures are indicated with the outlined and shaded arrows. Illuminated embryos exhibit loss of anterior structures or duplication of posterior structures, indicating progressive loss of Bicoid activity.’- Suggest adding a line below each genotype "X-Bcd-LEXY, bcd[E1]/bcd[E1]" encompassing both 'dark' and 'light' panels; to make it clearer that for each genotype there is a control and a light-treated embryo.
Figure 2 f-g ‘EGFP-Bcd-LEXY time course during cycle of optogenetic activation and deactivation. Representative images are shown in f; quantification during a nuclear cycle 14 (NC14) time course of light and dark exposure shown in g. (h) Quantification of import and export kinetics for five LEXY constructs is shown in h; similar kinetics of translocation are observed for fluorescent Bicoid variants and non-Bicoid-containing LEXY constructs.’ - We understand that both panels report EGFP-Bcd-LEXY, with the left panel being after light stimulation (blue border) and the right panel after the light is removed (grey border). Could this be clarified in the figure legend? Also clarify whether time points are in minutes. Would it be possible to comment on the change observed with light in Figure 2f, is that significant?
‘We also measured expression of the canonical Bcd target gene Hunchback (Hb) in embryos harboring each of the three Bcd-LEXY variants (Figure 2d-e)’ - It may be useful to report the images depicting the staining pattern of Hunchback.
‘Nevertheless, all three variants were expressed at higher levels than wild-type Bcd, suggesting that fusion to LEXY and/or a fluorescent protein also partially interferes with Bcd function’ - mCherry-Bcd-LEXY expression seems to be similar to wild type levels, even though it does not rescue very well the bcd mutant phenotype or the Hb expression levels. mCherry tends to form aggregates, could this explain why this construct shows the weakest rescue? This could be discussed along with the interference by the LEXY domain.
‘nos-tub bnt, are devoid of all three A-P patterning cues and produce a posterior-like gene expression state throughout the embryo (Figure S2a).’ - The manuscript reports use of the triple mutant line bnt (mutant for bcd, nos and tsl) plus nos-tub, but in Figure S2a the genotype is stated as a double mutant, for nos and tsl but not for bcd. Is this correct?
Figure 3
‘Spatially-uniform, single-input embryos to enable optogenetic interrogation of specific gap genes.’- suggest adding a wt panel, showing what's on f but in the same way as b-e panels.
‘Mapping approximate embryonic positions represented by dark and light conditions in each genetic background. Bottom: diagram from Ref. 2 quantifying gap gene expression as a function of A-P position, with posterior = 100% EL. Top: the approximate position based on gap gene expression for each optogenetic variant under in illuminated (open circle) and dark conditions (blue circle).’ - Is panel f a schematic rather than a data figure? If so, could this be specified in the figure legend.
‘This pattern was altered dramatically in the presence of uniformly expressed Bcd-LEXY, which drove an anterior-like of gt and hb transcription in the dark, shifting to a mid-embryo-like state of hb and Kr transcription in the light (Figure 3c). Uniform iRFP-Bcd-LEXY embryos transcribed gt, hb, and Kr in the dark, shifting to Kr and kni expression in the light (Figure 3d).’ - From the characterization experiments in Fig1, the Bcd-LEXY is a stronger inducer of anterior-like pattern than iRFP-Bcd-LEXY showing a wider Hb pattern. However in the dark, Hb transcription seems more pronounced in iRFP-Bcd-LEXY than Bcd-LEXY, could this be commented on?
‘2P excitation is ideal because it can be used for simultaneous GFP and mCherry imaging without triggering AsLOV2 excitation (Figure S3b; Video S5-6)’ - This setup is a great approach to combine optogenetic stimulations while still allowing to use other fluorophores like GFP.
Figure 4
Figure 4b ‘Example of light stimulation and two-color imaging of NLS-mCherry-LEXY and MCP foci for a gt MS2 transcriptional reporter. Images show ventral regions of representative embryos in the absence or presence of a 450 nm light input delivered in a stripe in the middle of the embryo.’ - Is it possible to report the length of stimulation?
Figure c-e - The scheme of representation used to depict which regions of a wildtype embryo are recapitulated by each of the uniformly expressed embryos is really helpful.
Figure 4i - Really good way of summarising the data for individual figures, to help readers remember the dynamics of specific genes in response to their regulators.
Figure 5
‘constant-light and constant-dark stimuli were used as controls’- would it be possible to comment on the lack of difference here?
‘Conversely, a light-induced increase in nuclear Bcd triggered a similarly rapid but smaller-amplitude decrease in kni transcription (Figure 6b). Just as in the case of gt, the stability of the high-kni-expressing state may be indicative of positive autoregulation of kni expression by its own protein product. Together, these data suggest that Bcd can act as an apparent repressor of kni expression, an unexpected role for Bcd which is typically considered to perform only transcriptional activation functions. The initiation of kni transcription within 2 min after Bcd nuclear export is only compatible with a direct regulatory link, not Bcd-induced expression of an intermediate repressor.’ - Very interesting data. As a possible follow up, it may be worth testing the tagged Bcd-LEXY constructs since they have different levels of activation and will have a different potency as repressors.
Figure 6
Suggest to include images along with the quantification.
Discussion
The authors have done an amazing job of introducing and efficiently utilising an approach to study the regulation of gene networks in this study. While understanding the morphological outcomes of the embryos may not be a key result in the study, it may be relevant to include some discussion on how combining morphological data along with the gene expression networks and how different the uniformly expressing embryos are from wild type embryos, with respect to comprehending the physiological proximity of their system.
Methods
‘The construct was further recombined to the Sp marker on the same chromosome to mark the transgene’- Probably not an issue but since Sp is an allele of Wg, is it possible to clarify if this may have an influence on the interpretation of the results?
‘We created a custom MATLAB script to analyze and visualize time-lapse MS2 counts.’ - A great asset of the work is the use of MS2 foci for quantifications instead of simple fluorescence intensity or other more indirect assays. This provides a direct numeric approximation for the perturbations.
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Author Response:
Reviewer #1 (Public Review):
The study aims to investigate the role of A11 neurons in courtship behavior and vocalizations. In particular, the authors determine the inputs/outpus of A11 neurons and uncover that the outputs are both dopamine and glutamate positive. They then lesion A11 cell bodies and terminals in the songbird song-motor nucleus HVC and find that these lesions affect song production, especially, though not exclusively, of courtship song. They also measure the location and movement of lesioned birds and find that birds with lesions of A11 cell bodies show less engagement with a female. Finally, they use fiber photometry to study the activity of A11 terminals in HVC during singing. While this is an interesting question supported by novel data, and I appreciate the diverse and creative approaches employed in this study, the role of A11 in courtship behavior appears complicated and does not easily fit into the framework proposed by the authors. In particular, the authors argue that A11 is important for coordinating innate and learned aspects of courtship, however, their data fall short of supporting this idea.
Strengths This is an impressive data set with considerable attention to detail.
The tracing and histology data identify some novel connections not previously described in songbirds as well as the potential of A11 neurons to co-release of glutamate and dopamine.
Photometry provides real-time monitoring of A11 and HVC neuron activity during singing.
In principle, targeting both HVC terminals and A11 cell bodies has the potential to lend insight into the role of HVC terminals vs. the role of projections to other areas (see below for caveats).
We appreciate the reviewer’s efforts and attention in evaluating our manuscript. We are grateful that the reviewer recognizes strengths in our study, which we agree provides novel insights into the brain circuits that enable a fully integrated courtship display comprising learned and innate behaviors.
Weaknesses 1) While I find the overall question and the data interesting, I am not convinced that they demonstrate that A11 is important for "coordinating innate and learned aspects of courtship". In general, birds with A11 lesions appear less motivated to perform female-directed song, however, it's not clear that this is a consequence of a lack of coordination between innate/learned aspects of behavior. Rather, perhaps A11 neurons are important to instigate or drive courtship behavior, or to relay signals from the POA or other regions important for courtship. Because the lesions abolish behavior, it is difficult to discern the role of these neurons in courtship.
We agree that discerning the precise role of A11 is tricky. It could be acting to gate a (motivational) drive from another source, providing a primary source of this drive, and/or performing a more intricate role in coordinating the various aspects of the courtship display. The reviewer is correct that the current experiments do not allow us to clearly distinguish between these possibilities, and we have revised the manuscript accordingly, first by replacing “coordinate” with “gate” in the title and introduction and including a more thorough treatment of gating and other possible roles for A11 in lines 258-262 of the discussion. That said, we lean towards the latter possibility - a coordinating role for A11 - because of its location immediately proximal to regions that drive learned (HVC) and innate (ICo, RPgc) aspects of behavior and because A11 neurons can contain synthetic enzymes for a fast acting neurotransmitter (glutamate) in addition to DA. But, ultimately, we acknowledge that future experiments are needed to more completely answer this question.
In addition, I disagree with the innate vs. learned distinction as recent data indicate that introductory notes, which the authors treat as innate, are actually learned (e.g. Kalra et al., 2021). Further, there is also no quantification of the effects of lesions on female-directed calls and little analysis of the activity during call production. This would seem to further complicate the overall interpretation. Overall, it's difficult to make sense of how A11 activity relates to vocalizations, especially given the innate/learned framework that they focus on.
We thank the reviewers for drawing our attention to the recent Kalra 2021 paper, which we now cite while also making sure to emphasize that introductory notes may have learned features (lines 194-195 and 278-279). However, even that recent study concluded that males raised without a tutor or tutored on recorded songs that lack introductory notes altogether still developed songs that include introductory notes. Nonetheless, we include citation of this recent study and qualify our characterization of introductory notes as being shaped by innate predispositions and experience. Furthermore, we conducted additional analyses to quantify female-directed calling before and after 6-OHDA lesions in either HVC or A11 (results can be found in lines 164-165 and Figure 4C). In line with the divergent effects of these two types of lesions on the production of introductory notes, lesions in HVC did not affect female-directed calling whereas lesions in A11 largely abolished these vocalizations. While we acknowledge that the fiber photometry data on female-directed calling was limited, it nonetheless reinforces the conclusion that A11 transmits information to HVC about innate vocalizations, and it also transmits information to HVC about introductory notes. Along with the loss of introductory note production following A11 lesions, we do believe that our findings support the idea that A11’s role is essential to female-directed vocalizations generally, regardless of whether they are learned or innate, and of of somehow enabling the transition from production of female-directed calling and introductory notes to motifs. We have done our best to draw out these points in the revised discussion.
2) The HVC lesions appear to create damage/necrosis (Fig 3-suppl 2) and this raises the question of the degree to which the HVC lesion effects are the result of dopamine/glutamate depletion or local damage. In particular, it is surprising that syllable structure and stereotypy show such a dramatic breakdown with HVC A11 input lesions and effectively no change with lesions of the cell bodies, even though both treatments lead to effectively similar reductions in song production.
We appreciate that 6-OHDA lesions are not highly specific and can introduce unwanted effects on non-TH+ cells and processes. To further quantify the effects of 6-OHDA lesions on HVC cells, we conducted additional 6-OHDA injections in HVC and TUNEL staining studies in addition to the preliminary efforts we had made in the original manuscript. Quantification of these data confirmed our original impression that 6-OHDA treatment in HVC increased HVC cell death (these data are shown in Figure 3-figure supplement 2J, K). To further address this issue, we also added an analysis of song structure when D1 receptor blockers were dialyzed into HVC. No changes in song morphology were detected, similar to the lack of effects on song morphology following A11 cell body lesions (Figure 3 - figure supplement 3). Taken together, these additional experiments and analyses indicate that the changes in song morphology following 6-OHDA treatment in HVC may arise from local damage to HVC cell bodies. In contrast, the reduction in singing following A11 terminal or cell body lesions is likely to reflect diminished DA signaling from A11. However, as the reviewer notes, our primary finding is the differential effects on female-directed singing, and the distinction between more purely singing-related effects following 6-OHDA treatment in HVC and a broad effect on all courtship behaviors following 6-OHDA treatment in A11.
3) If the idea is that A11 is important for coordinating innate and learned movements, it seems that a detailed analysis of the movements would be important. As is, the movement data provide further support of a decrease in either the motivation or ability to perform female-directed song, but they do not speak to a more specific role for A11 in coordinating innate and learned movements.
We maintain that we did provide a detailed analysis of a number of important nonsong behaviors, including changes in head orientation and translational movements that the male makes towards the female, both of which are major appetitive features of courtship in songbirds and other vertebrates. We also appreciate that these analyses do not allow us to say much about precisely how movements are being coordinated during courtship, and we have changed language throughout the manuscript to emphasize a gating rather than coordinating role for A11. Furthermore, in response to the reviewer’s concern, we performed additional analyses of the male’s movements during courtship, including beak wipes, vertical changes in posture (“standing tall”), which are finer components of female-directed displays. Notably, this new analysis reveals that all of these behavioral components are abolished by A11 cell body lesions, but not by A11 terminal lesions in HVC (lines 168-190 and Figure 4I, J). We appreciate the reviewer’s suggestion, as we believe these additional analyses strengthen our core finding, namely that A11 functions as a hub to gate, recruit and possibly coordinate innate and learned movements to generate a complete courtship display. These different roles are more fully considered in the revised discussion (lines 256-262).
Reviewer #2 (Public Review):
Ben-Tov et al. investigate function of midbrain region A11 and provide evidence that it plays a role in promoting and coordinating a variety of motor responses to sexually or socially salient stimuli. They show lesions of A11 cell bodies abolish female directed calling, orienting and singing, while lesions of terminals in the song premotor nucleus HVC prevent female directed singing, but leave female directed calling and orienting intact. Together with anatomical data indicating projections from A11 to multiple downstream targets associated with song (HVC), calling (DM/ICO) and locomotion, these data support the authors' idea that A11 forms a 'hub' that drives and 'coordinates' multiple different aspects of behavioral responses to social (here female/sexual) stimuli. The results are intriguing and begin to reveal how a single social context can elicit and coordinate multiple coordinated responses. However, as outlined below, I think that some of the specific stronger claims would benefit from additional data, discussion or moderation.
The authors also provide compelling support for the idea that A11 plays a differential role in female-directed versus undirected song. This is especially underpinned by the observations that 1) A11 afferent activity in HVC appears to differ between directed and undirected signing, with increases in activity preceding song motifs only during directed song, and 2) lesions of A11 cell bodies or inputs to HVC have a dramatic suppressive effect on directed singing, but can leave undirected song largely unchanged. These observations that A11 differentially contributes to socially elicited versus spontaneous singing seem especially interesting and merit further highlighting and discussion as one of the especially striking aspects of the study that seems distinct from the thesis of a role in coordinating learned and unlearned behaviors.
We appreciate the reviewer’s efforts and attention in evaluating our manuscript. We are grateful that the reviewer recognizes strengths in our study, which we agree provides novel insights into the differential contribution of A11 to socially elicited versus spontaneous singing. We also agree that this point should be highlighted and we expanded our treatment of this point in the discussion section of the revised manuscript (lines 296-309).
Specific comments
A central idea around which the results are discussed is that A11 plays a particular role in coordinating learned versus innate behaviors. I have several questions around this thesis where further guidance from the authors about both technical points and interpretation would be helpful.
First is the question of how specific are the manipulations and conclusions to A11 itself versus other neighboring midbrain dopaminergic regions within which it is embedded. The authors show histology of lesions, injection sites and retrograde labelling in supplementary figures, but do not provide enough guidance for me to understand the strength of the argument that manipulations are restricted to A11 and/or its afferents. Can the boundaries between A11 and neighboring regions be better demarcated? What are the neighboring regions to which there might have been spillover? For lesions of A11 axons within HVC, wouldn't 6-OHDA also damage any other dopaminergic afferent to HVC, including those coming from regions such as VTA? Some discussion of these and related points regarding the specificity of manipulations to A11 would be helpful, especially in light of the literature that points to potential roles of neighboring dopaminergic regions in contributing to motivated behaviors and song more specifically.
We appreciate that the definition and boundaries of A11 might be confusing. We demarcated A11 and neighboring regions in the relevant figures to better define A11’s boundaries. The reviewer is correct in surmising that the VTA is fairly close to A11 and hence a reasonable concern is that 6-OHDA treatment in A11 could spill over to the VTA and possibly the SNc. To address the concern that 6-OHDA lesions in HVC might cause cell damage to other DA sources to HVC, we quantified the number of VTA/SNc cells following HVC DA lesions. This additional analysis, provided in Figure 3-figure supplement 1D-F, shows that the number of VTA/SNc cells following 6-OHDA injections into either A11 or HVC is comparable to that of intact birds. These additional analyses support the conclusion that the behavioral deficits that emerge following 6-OHDA treatments reflect damage to A11 or A11 terminals in HVC.
These points also relate to the general question of what is meant by A11 being a 'hub for coordination of learned and innate courtship behaviors'. Ultimately, it seems likely that many regions must work together to orchestrate these behaviors, and it is not clear from the present results how much I should view A11 as having a more specific role than other neighboring dopaminergic regions (or hypothalamic regions such as POA) that are interconnected and seem likely to also play critical roles. As the authors note, many of the relevant structures, including A11 and song system structures, are recurrently connected, further complicating interpretation of any one area as a hub. In this respect, I am not sure how much the authors are intending to argue that A11 is both necessary and sufficient for driving each of the studied behaviors in a courtship context, and it would be helpful to discuss this more specifically - does 'coordination' as used here imply that A11 is capable of triggering these behaviors - an interesting possibility raised by the current results but that does not yet seem to be demonstrated - or something else?
As we noted in our response to a similar point made by the first reviewer, we agree that discerning the precise role of A11 is tricky. As we commented in that earlier response, A11 could gating a (motivational) drive from another source, providing a primary source of this drive, and/or performing a more intricate role in coordinating the various aspects of the courtship display. We agree that the current experiments do not allow us to make a clear distinction between these possibilities, and we have revised the manuscript accordingly, including a more thorough treatment of these various roles for A11 in the discussion (lines 256-262). That said, we lean towards the latter possibility - a coordinating role for A11 - because of its location immediately proximal to regions that drive learned (HVC) and innate (ICo, RPgc) aspects of behavior and because A11 neurons can release a fast acting neurotransmitter (glutamate) in addition to DA. But, ultimately, we acknowledge that future experiments are needed to more completely answer this question. In the revised manuscript, we emphasize a gating role for A11 in the title and introduction, and then in the discussion expand to encompass the possibility of a coordinating or timing role for A11.
One additional question regarding the framework for interpreting the function of A11 as coordinating 'learned and innate' courtship behaviors, is for some further clarification and citations regarding what is learned versus innate, especially as it relates to song. The authors characterize introductory notes as 'innate', but previous work from Rajan and colleagues has demonstrated that aspects of introductory notes including acoustic structure and patterning are influenced by learning, and I am not sure what the literature says about orienting and calling to females.
We thank the reviewer for drawing our attention to this recent study from the Rajan group which indeed concluded that some aspects of the introductory notes are learned. We also note that this study showed that juvenile males tutored on song playbacks that lacked introductory notes or that were raised without a tutor still produced introductory notes. Nonetheless, we include a citation of this recent study and qualify our characterization of introductory notes as being shaped by innate predispositions as well as through experience and learning (lines 194-195 and 278-279). Furthermore, our original analyses of birds with 6-OHDA treatment in HVC revealed that introductory note morphology was unchanged, whereas syllable morphology was degraded. Therefore, even if certain features of introductory notes are influenced by tutor experience, they apparently do not depend on HVC in the same manner as do the learned syllables in the motif. Lastly, we conducted additional analyses to quantify female-directed calling and other movements, before and after 6-OHDA lesions in either HVC or A11. In line with the divergent effects of 6-OHDA treatment in these two regions on the production of introductory notes, lesions in HVC did not affect female-directed calling, beak wipes or changes in male’s posture, whereas lesions in A11 largely abolished all of these behaviors (Figure 4C, I, J). While we agree with the reviewer that a distinction between innate and learned behaviors may not be straightforward, the more fundamental observation is that we can dissociate different aspects of the courtship display and that A11 is situated in a position to drive, gate or coordinate a unified display that involves a variety of learned and innate vocal and non-vocal movements.
I also would find it helpful to have some further clarification in this context about what it means to coordinate learned and innate aspects of song. The authors indicate that undirected song is largely unaffected by A11 lesions while directed song is largely eliminated, leaving only innate calls or introductory notes. I think it would be helpful to see here a more complete characterization of the nature of vocalizations that remain following A11 lesions in the female directed context. While I understand that no recognizable 'learned motifs' are produced, it is unclear from the example that is shown how much the residual vocalizations should be construed as 'severely disrupted songs' versus strings of calls that resemble innate calls that were present prior to lesions, versus 'normal' patterns of introductory notes that resemble in acoustic structure what the birds produced prior to lesions, but that never proceed to song motifs, etc. A better understanding of the nature of these residual vocalizations might also help to interpret what A11 is doing. Do these birds seem motivated to 'sing' in terms of their posture? Do the authors think that HVC is engaged or that the same residual vocalizations would be produced in a bird that had HVC lesions? How do the authors interpret these data in terms of how learned and unlearned vocalizations are normally coordinated in the context of directed singing?
We performed additional analyses of the male’s vocalizations and movements during courtship, including female-directed calls, beak wipes, vertical changes in posture (“standing tall”), all of which are components of female-directed courtship displays. Notably, this new analysis reveals that all of these behavioral components are abolished by A11 cell body lesions, but not by A11 terminal lesions in HVC (lines 168-190 and Figure 4C, I, J). Along with our prior report that males with A11 cell body lesions do not sing female-directed motifs, the additional analysis indicates that these males produce little or no female-directed vocalizations or non-vocal behaviors of any kind.
We previously reported that males with A11 terminal lesions produced only introductory notes but not motifs but realize that this observation would benefit from more quantification. As noted in the previous response, we previously established that introductory note morphology was unchanged by 6-OHDA treatment in HVC (Figure 4 - figure supplement 1A-D). To extend this analysis further in this revised manuscript, we built on the observation that males with 6-OHDA treatment in HVC produce only introductory notes to females, with no song motif, whereas they produce a series of introductory notes followed by motifs comprising distorted syllables when alone (Figure 3K, Figure 3 - figure supplement 2, Figure 4B). To confirm that the directed introductory notes and undirected syllables were indeed distinct vocalizations, we computed their durations and spectral similarity scores (using Sound Analysis Pro). The introductory notes produced during directed conditions differed markedly in their durations from distorted syllables produced during undirected conditions, and these two types of vocalizations had very low similarity scores, indicating that they were cleanly separable vocal behaviors (Figure 4 - figure supplement E, F). Given that introductory notes are unchanged by 6-OHDA treatment in HVC, these analyses support the idea that males treated in this manner can still produce motifs, albeit distorted ones, when alone but not when in the company of a female.
These questions relate in part to that of how much is the trigger to sing eliminated by A11 afferent lesions versus the ability to produce the relevant song output? It seems like there may still be a trigger to sing - short latency vocal response to female - but inability to produce motif. One point that may be interesting to note in this regard is that this seems somewhat opposite of observations made in other contexts about the effects of directed versus undirected context on song - for example, juveniles can produce better song when it is directed (Kojima), and deafened birds that are beginning to exhibit song deterioration can exhibit normalization of song structure during directed conditions (Nordeen).
We agree with the reviewer’s point that birds with 6-OHDA lesions in HVC may still be triggered to sing, but are unable to produce a motif, given that they still produce introductory notes and seem to have the right posture, orientation and proximity to the female. We appreciate the reviewer’s comment regarding changes in song that can be elicited by females in either juvenile males or adult males that are deaf, although these additional contexts fall outside of the current study, which focused on adult male finches with normal hearing.
Reviewer #3 (Public Review):
The authors use a combination of quantitative acoustic and other behavioral analyses to evaluate the role of the midbrain dopaminergic area A11 in the production of female-directed song in adult male zebra finches. They show that female-directed courtship displays, which consist of song and the production of female-directed displacement behaviors, are dependent on A11 because targeted chemical lesions of this structure, using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), permanently (i.e. for at least several months) eliminate both the vocal and non-vocal elements of this behavior. Destruction of A11 axons that directly target HVC, by administering 6-OHDA into HVC, only eliminates female-directed singing without causing any change in the other observed female-directed behaviors. Because these same lesions only temporarily (5-10 days) abolish undirected song, these findings suggest that A11 is not directly involved in song production but acts instead as a gate for the production of female directed courtship behaviors. The authors follow these lesion studies with fiber photometry-based calcium imaging of A11 axons that target HVC to show that A11 activation patterns precede activity in HVC during female-directed singing and that calcium elevation is primarily elevated during the production of the many introductory notes (a component of song that is primarily observed during female-directed singing) that precede the production of the learned song motif. These findings suggest that A11 inputs to HVC likely play a role in triggering and/or activating HVC to synchronize the production of introductory notes (which are likely produced by midbrain circuits) with the learned song component that immediately follows them. In contrast, activation of A11 axons during undirected song (which contain few to no introductory notes) do not precede HVC activation patterns. Consistent with the rapid transmission of A11 neurons, the authors also confirm, as has been suggested for A11 in mammals, that A11 dopaminergic neurons co-release glutamate.
The findings of this study are of significant interest to our understanding of the neural mechanisms by which these complex behaviors are synchronized and open up a new way of thinking about how learned behavioral motifs can be synchronized with non-learned (e.g. female displacement behavior) behaviors. The study is rigorous, with many different experimental approaches being used to examine the proposed hypotheses, and the findings are convincing. Particularly impressive is the complete elimination of female-directed courtship behaviors following targeted elimination of A11. The primary weaknesses of the manuscript lie (1) in the way they present their anatomical findings and (2) how the authors discuss their findings in the discussion. In the discussion, which is very short (~750 words), the authors miss the opportunity to draw parallels with similar studies in drosophila (they only provide a cursory statement with a few references). In the discussion, the authors propose a model that seems quite oversimplified and lacks, in fact, many of the anatomical connectivity that they show in the first part of their study (for example A11 is only shown having a unidirectional connection to ICo/DM when in fact the connections are bidirectional). The model is also presented in simple hierarchical fashion with many connections omitted. Perhaps these omissions were made to simplify the model but in my opinion such simplification possibly misrepresents the actual mechanisms involved in the coordinated control of courtship song.
We thank the reviewer for their careful reading of the manuscript and his supportive and constructive comments. We agree that the loss of all female-directed behaviors (which we now extend to female-directed calling and other non-vocal behaviors, such as beakwipes and postural changes) following A11 cell body lesions is especially intriguing. Further, the different effects of A11 cell body lesions and A11 terminal lesions in HVC, along with the connectivity of A11, indicate that A11 acts via a range of downstream sites to gate these various female-directed behaviors. We have done our best to address the two primary weaknesses identified by the reviewer. First, we have done our best to provide a more detailed accounting of the anatomical findings. Second, we have expanded the discussion to address parallels with other studies, as in the fly, and to provide a more nuanced and complete consideration of how A11 may function to facilitate male courtship behaviors.
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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Surprisingly enough, Chartists also used domesticity to bring women into the movement. Feminist historians, such as Joan Scott and Deborah Valenze, have suggested that by focusing on political citizenship, Chartists defined the working class as male, whereas ear- lier popular politics, based on the community, were more accessible to women.14 Yet the importance of domesticity revealed that Chartism potentially embodied a larger notion of politics than just citizenship. Furthermore, one should not assume fixed meanings for citizenship and community. While London artisans focused their community life around male workshops, Chartists tried to appeal to women by trans- forming working-class communities, promising to substitute domestic responsibility for violence and drunkenness. Yet they faced tensions between their notions of citizenship as a basic human political right available to women or a status to be earned as patriarchal head of household. Chartists also demanded the vote to insure the rights of labor-but was labor a property of skill, as men wished, or was it alienated work exchanged for a wage, as the female factory worker experienced it? The Owenite socialists of the early 1830s had begun to explore these issues, exposing the miseries of patriarchal marriage and organizing women workers along with men.15 However, the Chart
Women were involved in the chartist movement through the ideas of domesticity, even if there was still conflict over ideas of citizenship and sufffrage
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1.next.westlaw.com 1.next.westlaw.com
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SynopsisBackground: Defendant was charged with murder and tampering with evidence. The 243rd District Court, El Paso County, Luis Aguilar, J., suppressed two of three custodial statements. State appealed. The El Paso Court of Appeals, 2018 WL 4659578 and 2018 WL 4660185, affirmed in part and reversed in part. State petitioned for discretionary review, which was granted.Holding: The Court of Criminal Appeals, Keel, J., held that officers misled defendant into believing that her recorded statement during car ride with officers looking for body would not be used against her.
TDCAA: If you had read the lower court’s opinion and all the briefs in this case, you would never have expected the majority opinion that came from the court this week. Everyone assumed that Bible applied to this case—it was just a question of whether, under the Bible factors, the second statement was part of a second interview or merely a continuation of the first. But the court holds that Bible is inapplicable when the second statement is not itself “warned and waived.” This turns the Bible analysis on its head: If the interview was a continuation under Bible, then it was warned and waived.
You can view the majority’s opinion one of two ways, neither of which is explicit in the opinion. First, the majority may be saying that if a statement is involuntary under Art. 38.21, then the Art. 38.22, §3 recording requirements are irrelevant. But the majority never actually holds that the statement was involuntary in light of the trial court’s findings.
Second, the majority may be implicitly adopting Judge Yeary’s view that the recording requirements in Art. 38.22, §3 apply to each discrete recording—regardless of how many separate statements or interrogations there are. But again, the majority doesn’t actually hold this. Instead, the majority hedges and simply claims to distinguish Bible based on “the unique facts of this case.” In the meantime, prosecutors should probably advise detectives to re-Mirandize whenever they start a new recording. Just in case.
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the word archive stems from the Greek and is linked at the root to the prerogatives of the archon, the head of state. Tucked inside the word itself is the house of he who was ‘considered to possess the right to make or to represent the law,’ and to uphold, as Michel Foucault has written, the ‘system of its enunciability’
History of the term archive
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teaching.lfhanley.net teaching.lfhanley.net
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I sit and sew
"I Sit and Sew" is a three stanza poem divided into seven lines with a rhyme scheme of AABBCCD. I right away notice the repetition of the words "I sit and sew" which makes me think that there is almost a feeling of restlessness. We get other hints of exhaustion when she writes "hands grown tired", and "head weighed down with dreams". She wants to know her place in life essentially but she is stuck in this loop of only sewing.
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My hands grown tired, my head weighed down with dreams— The panoply of war, the martial tread of men,
It seems like the narrator is tired of sewing. The narrator has a desire of wanting to pursue their own dream while also trying to help those who sew to leave in order for them to start a new life. Specifically, when she mentions men, she focuses on the idea of women capable of being independent while proving to the world that women are also hard working and strong as men.
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sit and sew—a useless task it seems, My hands grown tired, my head weighed down with dreams— The panoply of war, the martial tread of men, Grim-faced, stern-eyed, gazing beyond the ken Of lesser souls, whose eyes have not seen Death, Nor learned to hold their lives but as a breath—
The narrator is contemplating the grim reality of life and war. She is sitting and sewing, likely assisting in the war effort. She is realizing the pointlessness of war and all the effort it takes to assist and contribute.
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I sit and sew—a useless task it seems, My hands grown tired, my head weighed down with dreams— The panoply of war, the martial tread of men, Grim-faced, stern-eyed, gazing beyond the ken Of lesser souls, whose eyes have not seen Death, Nor learned to hold their lives but as a breath—
when reading this I grasp that the author is addressing how war can be and how useless the author might think war is and that it seems to be a repeated process were people go into war and either come back hop-less or don’t come back home at all and that some of the people might be young and just might be kids when they talk about eyes not seeing death before can portray how young some of the men are or should I say boys.
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I sit and sew—a useless task it seems, My hands grown tired, my head weighed down with dreams
Describes how both her head and hand are tired of sewing, but society cannot allow her to leave. The central literary device used in the poem is a metaphor. “I Sit and Sew” illustrates women’s submission in her society. In her following poem, “You! Inez!” she uses symbolism to demonstrate how the lover’s mouth was as soft as a flower.
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boisestate.pressbooks.pub boisestate.pressbooks.pub
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KING. Oh, Segismund, in whom I see indeed, Out of the ashes of my self-extinction A better self revive; if not beneath Your feet, beneath your better wisdom bow’d, The Sovereignty of Poland I resign, With this its golden symbol; which if thus Saved with its silver head inviolate, Shall nevermore be subject to decline; But when the head that it alights on now Falls honour’d by the very foe that must, As all things mortal, lay it in the dust, Shall star-like shift to his successor’s brow.
In this week's Crash Course video, The Spanish Golden Age, Mike Rugnetta states that religious plays were still widely written and performed, in contrast to England. Rugnetta also cites that the most active genre of this was the Autos Sacrementales, religious plays that had a lot of overlap with English morality plays. I think that this monologue by the king, basically granting Segismund the throne because he had positive character development, perfectly represents the mixture of religious values in the theatre of the time. What I'm curious, however, about when the Spanish moved away from this more religious style of plays? I know Rugnetta said that many playwrights wrote both religious and secular plays, but I wonder when or if those religious ever became obsolete, like they did in England and other countries?
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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The black with his woolly head, the felon, the diseas’d, the illiterate person, are not denied; The birth, the hasting after the physician, the beggar’s tramp, the drunkard’s stagger, the laughing party of mechanics, The escaped youth, the rich person’s carriage, the fop, the eloping couple, The early market-man, the hearse, the moving of furniture into the town, the return back from the town, They pass, I also pass, any thing passes, none can be interdicted, None but are accepted, none but shall be dear to me.
Although some iffy language, the message is progressive
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chatham.hosted.panopto.com chatham.hosted.panopto.comzoom_01
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t's almost like we're all siblings. So there are times where if I feel like I'm struggling, I just put it in the group chat. 9:52 Retry Cancel I'm struggling. Let's face time today, and a lot of times more times than not, it's it's very helpful. 10:01 Retry Cancel It's very supportive. It's very just good.
SKILL USED- MINOR ENCOURAGER- head nodding and also using leaning in and positive facial expressions which illustrate my delight in hearing that my client has this support network with her family members where she can turn
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wt3fall2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu wt3fall2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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rean-American does way too much cocaine. Korean 2 sticks a chopstick in her eye and pulls out her eyeball. Korean 1 cuts off two of her fingers with a pair of scis-sors, then cuts off her tongue and stabs herself in the eyes. Korean 3 drinks a bottle of beer, smashes the bottle over her knee, and uses the broken bottle to cut her wrists. Korean-American puts her head in an oven and resumes scuttling. Korean 2 cuts around her jawline, peels off her face, rolls it up, smokes it like a cigarette and resumes scuttling. Korean 1 cradles her imaginary baby, then shoots her baby in the head and then herself and resumes scuttling. Korean 3 cuts off her breast, bites a chunk out of it, throws her breast into the audience, spits the chunk at the audience, and resumes scuttling. They all scuttle together. The White People enter with chairs and shoo the Koreans offstage, shaking their chairs at the Koreans like lion tamers. The White People sit center stage. A row of fluo-rescent tubes turns on above them. They sit for a long time
Did anybody else realize how disturbing this is. I am gonna go out of my way to say: is it possibly pinpointing the Problems in America. I'm not sure where I'm going with this
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A video of Young Jean crying appears against the back wall. A traditional Korean pansori song begins. Young Jean gets hit in the face repeatedly. The video is edited so that you never see the hand hitting her face-only her reaction as her head flies back and she tries to straighten her hair and regain her composure. She cries throughout. The slaps increase in intensity
I remember learning pansori in my world music class. Pansori is like a Korean musical storytelling. I wonder why they did decided to use that. Also, may I add this is very disturbing. Casey shared the video to this play and that is a very weird way to start a play. Reminds me of krapp Tape
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pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.caAthena1
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She threw the frightening, tasseled aegis over her shoulders, crowned at every point with terror, violence and strife within, adorned with the monstrous image of the Gorgon’s head, grim and awful emblem of aegis-bearing Zeus.
Does this mean that the Aegis not only has the picture of Medusa on it, but embodies terror/violence/strife within its actual structure? Is it a metaphysical embodiment? or both physical and metaphysical?
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www.marxists.org www.marxists.org
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The other important ally of the American proletariat is the mass of 13,000,000 Negro people in their struggle against national oppression. The Communist Party, as the revolutionary Party of the proletariat, as the only Party which is courageously and resolutely carrying on a struggle against the double exploitation and national oppression of the Negro people, becoming particularly intense with the developing crisis, can win over the great masses of Negro people as allies of the proletariat against the American bourgeoisie. The Party can stand at the head of the national revolutionary struggle of the Negro masses against American imperialism only if it energetically carries through the following tasks: "The Party must mobilize the masses for the struggle for equal rights of the Negroes and for the right of self-determination for the Negroes in the Black Belt. It must ruthlessly combat any form of white chauvinism and Jim-Crow practices. It must not only in words, but in deeds, overcome all obstacles to the drawing in of the best elements of the Negro proletariat, who in the recent years have shown themselves to be self-sacrificing fighters in the struggle against capital. In view of this, special attention must be given to the promotion of Negro proletarians to leading work in the Party organizations. In all mass actions, strikes and unemployed struggles the Party must pay particular attention that, in formulating practical demands, it takes into consideration and gives expression to the special forms of exploitation, oppression and denial of the rights of the employed and unemployed Negro masses. At the same time the Party and in the first place the Negro comrades must genuinely improve the methods of patient, systematic but persistent struggle against the ideology and influence of petty-bourgeois nationalists among the Negro workers and toiling Negro masses." (An Open Letter to All Members of the Communist Party, pp. 14-15.)
National Question. Lead African-American people in their broad democratic interests.
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teaching.lfhanley.net teaching.lfhanley.net
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While the Weary Blues echoed through his head.
It's important here to note what the blues actually meant for a black individual. It was a musical style that was created to step away from "spirituals" and was almost coined and stolen from the black community. It was one of the first aesthetics that was considered African American created and it was the way that black individuals or musicians coped with their every day lives. The blues created an Identity and an outlet but also created a space for black individuals to voice their struggles, their needs, and opinions in a way that was more socially heard (so when Hughes says the blues echoed through his head, I don't think he means the music). It fueled social movements as it entered media and caused huge changes within music genres and the industry. In fact it opened the door for women in music/mainstream media.
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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foreheaded self
The poem is a linear progression recounting the speaker's emotional struggles. It refers to insight she gained when struggling emotionally. She is being encouraged to get out of her head and listen. Listening is healing
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www.smithsonianmag.com www.smithsonianmag.com
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They found a brick three-flat with bay windows in the all-white neighborhood of Woodlawn. Although other black families moving into white neighborhoods had endured firebombings and mob violence, Carl wanted more space for his family and bought the house in secret with the help of progressive white real estate agents he knew. He moved the family late in the spring of 1937. The couple’s youngest daughter, Lorraine, was 7 years old when they first moved, and she later described the vitriol and violence her family met in what she called a “hellishly hostile ‘white neighborhood’ in which literally howling mobs surrounded our house.” At one point a mob descended on the home to throw bricks and broken concrete, narrowly missing her head.
Even if African-Americans found a way to reside in an all white neighborhood they still faced many hardships and racial discrimination.
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teaching.lfhanley.net teaching.lfhanley.net
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He raised again the jug regretfully And shook his head, and was again alone.
Again, Mr. Flood is very lonely to the point that he relies on alcohol to cope. In some ways, the alcohol might be a way to speed up the death process.
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firebase.google.com firebase.google.com
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doc()
Cannot wrap your head around the arguments that this function takes ? read this first. https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/data-model
read the "References part" from this article
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Note: This rebuttal was posted by the corresponding author to Review Commons. Content has not been altered except for formatting.
Learn more at Review Commons
Reply to the reviewers
Point-by-point description of the revisions
Reviewer #1 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity (Required)): Hello, we wrote our review before seeing that you have special formatting requirements. We're just going to post our review in it's entirety rather than rewrite it based on these suggestions. It encompasses the above content, it's just not formatted in the suggested order. We hope that's OK! **Full review:** This manuscript makes a strong case for the evolvability of multicellular size via selection for settling rate in the icthyosporea. The use of an experimental evolution framework to assess the evolvability of multicellular phenotypes, using sedimentation rate as a selective pressure, extends the previous work of others into a new domain within the holozoan and the closest living relatives of animals. The natural, ecological significance of selection for sedimentation rate is a novel idea, and the connection between sedimentation rate and multicellular evolution in natural as opposed to contrived experimental circumstances is an interesting idea. The results are striking and well supported, with laboratory evolution rapidly adjusting both the cellular composition and the multicellular phenotypes of the organisms involved in ways that are well explained. This is an important result that brings the laboratory study of the evolution of multicellularity forward, into a different branch of the tree of life and showing its broad applicability. Sequencing of evolved lines adds significantly to the completeness of the story. While the causal role of these mutations in the production of the observed multicellular phenotypes are not demonstrated via manipulation or breeding, this is quite understandable in the light of the unusual model organism and the observed homologies and role of the genes involved. While this is largely clear from a reading, we believe the manuscript would benefit from a brief analysis of the numerical enrichment of genes with homologs involved in cytokinesis, cell membrane composition, and cell cycle control relative to the null hypothesis of genes picked randomly from the genome. If this is beyond the scope of this research in an unusual model organism with many poorly annotated genes, then a slightly expanded verbal discussion of the potential roles of the apparent functions of these genes in the evolution of multicellular clumping would be an appropriate substitute. We wholeheartedly recommend the publication of this manuscript with a number of minor revisions, which while not affecting the main conclusions or points of the manuscript will clarify important points, adjust small errors, and point the reader at relevant literature and concepts.
ANSWER__: We would like to heartily thank the reviewers for their appreciation of our work. __
**Major points:** none. **Minor points:** Line 79 - is sedimentation rate really invariably associated with multicellularization? Active swimming would seem to prevent this.
ANSWER__: We meant to refer to the fact that all published examples of the emergence of multicellularity from unicellular ancestors have been accompanied by an increased sedimentation rate. Active swimming alone would just increase the diffusion rate of cells and not counteract the effects of increased size and density; such an active mechanism would also require directionality away from the tendency to sediment. A more passive mechanism, whereby a genetic variant, or cell cycle transition, which simultaneously causes a relative decrease in density while increasing cell size, leaving the net sedimentation rate the same as the ancestor, while conceivable, has not been observed in the literature. We changed the text from “invariably” to “frequently” at line 80 to emphasize how this is an empirical observation.__
Line 164 - the precise phenotype in the evolution experiment being referred to is unclear without further context, with the ordering of paragraphs possibly needing a little work.
ANSWER__: We tightened the paragraphs and merged both, the sentence containing “this phenotype” was removed.__
Line 178 - is sorting them into three classes informative? Are there different mutations associated with these, or is it just visual clumping on the numberline? Perhaps not a useful classification, but the existence of great variation is an important point to get across. A more useful classification might be those that increase sedimentation with large density changes versus exclusively by clumping.
ANSWER__: We agree with this argument and ultimately decided to remove the visual classification. We revised the text and figures accordingly.__
Line 254 - excess cellular density is referred to interchangeably with density, when these are very different figures. This continues in line 269, and in the figure legends of Figure 4.
ANSWER__: We fixed this.__
Line 341 - the rule of RCC1 homolog in other organisms could be expanded on in slightly more detail. Similarly, other mutations in this same section known to affect cytokinesis could have potential mechanisms for affecting clumping commented upon, especially given the cell membrane results in the figures.
ANSWER__: We share the reviewer’s enthusiasm about some of these mutations. We, however, try to be very conservative about what each gene or protein could be doing. Indeed, the absence of genetic tools does not allow us to directly test the effect of each mutation. We added a couple of extra sentences about RCC1 as well as about cytokinetic proteins and their potential role in clumping phenotypes.__
Line 387 - awkward formatting or sentence structure, with dashes and commas.
ANSWER__: We fixed the sentence structure.__
Line 395 - this cellular process, or this evolutionary process of selection for faster settling?
ANSWER__: We revised this appropriately.__
Line 408 - per unit volume
ANSWER__: Fixed.__
Line 425 - the idea of clumpiness as ancestral is quickly put forward and dismissed within a single sentence. This could be explored in slightly more detail as an option, before concluding that what is clear is that the phenotype is easy to change.
ANSWER:__ We agree that it would be interesting to pursue the ecological role and distribution of clumping and cell cycle phenotypes for other species in the Ichthyosporea genus. We could propose alternative scenarios of which trait came or went first and test this hypothesis by calculating the correlation of the presence or absence of the trait with the branch lengths and branching patterns of phylogenetic trees we have built using genome sequences. However, for our dataset, this would nonetheless remain a fragile correlation consisting of five data points. We do not feel such speculation is helpful for the text.__
However, because two reviewers have mentioned or suggested in this direction, we expanded the discussion and annotated the tips of the species tree in figure 5 with the traits of interest. The result shows that S. gastrica, S. tapetis and S. nootkatensis species exhibit clumpiness as a trait. However, the data is not enough to resolve whether the traits are “derived” or “ancestral”.
Line 437 - sedimentation as a highly variable trait, or a highly evolvable trait?
ANSWER__: Evolvable trait. We fixed it in the text.__
Figure 1G, 1H: We are fairly certain that the logarithmic scale of DNA content and coenocyte volume are mislabeled. The scale that is labeled log2 in 1G in the legend goes up by factors of 2 rather than single digits. The axis is obviously logarithmic, and the log2 in the legend is superfluous and misleading. Similarly, in 1H a scale labeled as log10 goes from 1 to 30, which on a logarithmic scale would be a sphere approximately 100 kilometers wide. The numbers can remain, but the legend should remove the log10.
ANSWER__: Fixed. It is indeed a log scale. We made sure to remove the confusing log2 and log10 from figure and legend.__
**General:** Were there any head to head competitions performed? Not suggesting you need to, but it's a nice way to directly examine fitness consequences of multicellularity, and is commonly done in the field. If you have done this it wasn't clear to us.
ANSWER__: We now included a fitness experiment previously performed using the clumpy S01 and S03 in a head-to-head competition with the Ancestor (AN). The results are shown in Figure 2E and Figure 2 – figure supplement 1D. The results reflect how the fast-sedimenting clumpy phenotype is highly advantageous in our experimental evolution selection procedure, however deleterious in the absence of selection.__
Reviewer #1 (Significance (Required)): see the above comments about writing the review before realizing there were specific formatting suggestions. I hope you understand us not wanting to re-write the review having already written it once.
Reviewer #3 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity (Required)): The present work adds to the growing literature on sedimentation rate as a major player in the evolution of multicellularity. Via rigorous experimentation, the authors convincingly show that they can select for increase sedimentation rate and identify two mechanisms underlying this increase: incomplete cellular separation leading to multicellular groups and increases in cellular density. They also show surprising natural variation in sedimentation and argue that, along with similar evidence from other organisms, their findings cement the likely major role of sedimentation and go farther by revealing the tight genetic control that it is under. Reviewer #3 (Significance (Required)): This is a very significant study because it illuminates processes and underlying mechanisms that could have played a major role in the transition to multicellularity. Their result will likely greatly influence the conceptual and theoretical thinking and will foster additional empirical directions. My only quibble with the manuscript is that I wished for a bit more ecological context and grounding of the main findings: in that respect, both the abstract and the last paragraph of the discussion leave me wanting and occasionally puzzled. If maintaining buoyancy is such a strong selective pressure and the variation in sedimentation rate is such a challenge to it, then I think explaining a bit more exactly why sedimentation would evolve, why so much variation would exist etc etc would be really helpful to the more naive reader. Just a bit further elaboration on selective pressures (even presumed ones and even if speculative) would be helpful to put the picture together.
ANSWER__: We would like to thank Reviewer #3 for his/her comments. We do believe that extensive ecological context is highly relevant. Throughout the manuscript, we strived to be conservative in the way we describe both our model system and its experimental and natural settings, perhaps to a fault, but we now do offer an evolutionary model that tries to shed light into the phenotypic evolution of the various species through different routes (Fig. 5H). To elaborate more on the rationale behind this strategy, we offer the following two aspects:__
- we are investigating a sizeable, but still a very limited number of six Sphaeroforma Therefore, we feel that explaining what trait may be considered ancestral is speculative based on the known species tree (we revised our Discussion in this regard and update figure 5A).
- our knowledge about the ecological niches of Sphaeroforma species is limited. We avoid extensive speculation, and while inference of the potential ecological context is part of the scope of this study, we relied on an experimental approach to tackle our questions, rather than ecological observation or computational modeling.
- throughout the text we aimed to avoid taking a strong stance on the “adaptiveness” of the traits which we are measuring. This is because, depending on the model specification and parameters, ecological models could be made for or against whether the cellular traits of size and density, and their effects on the higher-level trait of sedimentation rate, might be adaptive “in the wild”.
We hope that future studies will be able to tackle any open questions on the understanding of the ecology of ichthyosporeans, hopefully benefitting from our inferred evolutionary insights in this study.
**A more minor point:** I remember seeing a talk by Will Ratcliff a while back in which he showed that in S cerevisiae they also see the two mechanisms of increased sedimentation: increased cellular size and clumping. Yet, I didn't see a reference to that work in the context of the cell density mechanism discussion and wondered why.
ANSWER__: We do believe to have cited the relevant papers from the Ratcliff lab. To be clear, we observed two separate physical mechanisms for fast-sedimentation: __
- by cell-clumping (increasing size),
- by increasing the number of nuclei per unit volume (increasing density).
To our knowledge the 1st mechanisms was indeed observed in snowflake yeasts (for which we referenced all relevant studies), whereas the 2nd, which we believe might be specific to multinucleated cells, while a conceivable variable affected by mutations in the organisms from these studies, has not been measured to our knowledge. We added a new model figure (Figure5H) to hopefully better get this message across.
Reviewer #4 (Evidence, reproducibility and clarity (Required)): In this study Dudin et al. explored the variability of sedimentation rates in members of the Sphaeroforma genus and found that sedimentation rates are very variable between different isolates as well as during the life cycle of each isolates. Following this observation Dudin et al. evolved S. arctica under a regime favoring fast settling objects. After a few hundred generations they observed that most lineages increased their sedimentation rate. Characterization of some of these evolved population suggests two distinct mechanisms allowing fast sedimentation: cluster formation by non-separation of cells post-cellularization and increase in object density. By sequencing the evolved lines Dudin et al. were able to identify that several mutations has been under the effect of positive selection and that some of the mutations relate to mechanisms involved in cell separation and cellularization.
ANSWER__: We dearly thank Reviewer #4 for his/her time and efforts.__
**Major comments: **
- Line 143, I don't understand how figure 1G shows that "nuclear division cycles were periodic...".
ANSWER__: From previous published results (Ondracka et al 2018 & Dudin et al 2021), we know that nuclear divisions in S. arctica are strictly synchronized and occur within defined time-intervals. As can be seen in Figure 1G, DNA content doubles with a constant interval of about 9 hrs. Likewise, this phenomenon is clearly depicted in Figure 4F and Figure S4H. These results combined with results shown in Figure 1F, demonstrate that division cycles are still periodic in our experimental setting and are not occurring asynchronously as no odd number of nuclei per cell was observed.__
- When characterizing the evolved lines, the authors display (and measure?) separately the size and the sedimentation rate, but don't directly compare them. If the statement that density plays a role in the sedimentation rate of S4 and S9 but not S1, then correlation between size and sedimentation should be similar between AN and S1 and changed in S4 and S9. It would be nice to see these relationships and the correlations.
ANSWER__: We do indeed measure the size and the sedimentation rate of each fast-settling mutant separately. This is shown in figure 1C, where sedimentation rate is plotted against cell size for our dataset and the older Smayda (1973) data. Further, both measurements, directly, feed in the estimation of cellular density in Figures 4C and S4D (explained extensively in the methods). Cellular density estimations show the correlations and relationships between S1 and AN as well as between S4 and S9. __
- Line 288: "surviving 780 generations of passaging for all 10 isolates" what data is this referring to?
ANSWER__: This refers to growing cultures in the lab of fast-settling mutants with tens of passages done without any selection. These growing cultures maintained their clumping phenotypes even without a constant selection, suggesting they are due to a genetic modification. We are unsure about how to answer reviewer #4 as this is the data we are mentioning. We however changed “surviving” to “persisting for”, and hope it better clarified the sentence.__
- The weakest aspect of the paper is that there is neither a statistical argument (with a single anecdotal exception), from seeing the same genes or pathways mutated in parallel experiments, or experimental reconstruction that argues that any of the observed mutations were selected as opposed to being neutral mutations that hitch-hiked with adaptive mutations. One strongly suspect that some of the observed mutations were selected, but from the available data, it is impossible to know which were selected and which were hitch-hiking.
ANSWER__: We agree that our draft did not elaborate in-depth if mutations were drivers versus passengers, a fact also mentioned by another reviewer. To be fair however, there are several important considerations to make.__
First, and most importantly, we do offer an unprecedented look into the genetic underpinnings of this novel model organism, and demonstrate highly parallel phenotypic evolution in response to selection. The molecular genetic signal reflects this finding given a skewed dN/dS-ratio > 1. While the precise molecular changes are not as easy to interpret, molecular parallelism at the level of genes is not a prerequisite for directional selection in repeat lineages, especially given the complex genomic architecture of S. arctica.
Second, while we didn’t emphasize this a lot, the results from our bioinformatic analyses are pretty unique. We are dealing with a non-standard model organism here, with highly intriguing placement in the tree of life, but with big genome size, at >140 Mbp. This is 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that of other single-celled model systems used in evolution experiments, including E. coli or S. cerevisiae. Unlike the latter two, this organism’s genome contains extensive levels of intergenic and intronic sequence, as well as a high amount of (simple sequence) duplication. Hence, the analyses of the resequencing data were a major effort, and it took an extensive amount of time to identify the mutations.
Third, there are no genetic tools that would allow us to either perform molecular genetics or crossing with S. arctica as of now. This will change in the future, and in this event, our comprehensive list of target genes will be hopefully valuable to the field and beyond.
- Even if the authors knew which mutations were selected, it is not possible to say if the mutations that have been selected are directly advantageous in the settling regime, they could be due to adaptation to lab conditions and higher temperatures, etc. Having a control evolution experiment with no settling selection would be required to reach the conclusion that the mutants were selected for faster sedimentation.
ANSWER__: We agree that a “no-selection”-control experiment would have been helpful for the molecular interpretation. But the clumping phenotype has never been observed to occur in many generations of passaging in any of the labs culturing these organisms and at different temperatures (we made sure to specify this in the text) As such, we argue that any adaptation to laboratory conditions must have happened before we conducted our selection experiment. Given that the molecular signals were unique (with one exception), we have reason to believe that the highly controlled nature of the experiment with a constant environment throughout, did at least not bias the molecular signals toward extensive genetic parallelism. __
**Minor comments:**
- Line 164, the authors write "this phenotype", it is unclear what phenotype is referred to as.
ANSWER__: Fixed__
- Line 187: the authors use the word "radius" in the text, while using "perimeter" in the figure.
ANSWER__: Fixed__
- Line 224: Is the use of the expression "incomplete detachment between daughter and mother cell" appropriate given that all cells emerge from a multinucleated cell?
ANSWER__: Fixed – “incomplete detachment between cells.”__
- Line 151, typo, the "with" should be removed.
ANSWER__: We believe the reviewer wanted to point out the “with” in line 251, which we fixed.__
- The intro about changes in ecology is nice but does not make sense given the rest of the paper, I would add it to the discussion.
ANSWER__: We beg to differ with Reviewer#4 here, as the water column distribution for plankton in marine environment is one of the key aspects of our paper and is a critical parameter in models of water body ecology.__
- Line 399 "increase their cell size by increasing cell-cell adhesion post-cellularization" the first use of "cell" is misleading because the objects are now a collection of cells rather than a single cell.
ANSWER__: Fixed__
Reviewer #4 (Significance (Required)): Most of the findings made in this study have been obtained in previous studies done with more genetically tractable organisms, however this is the first time that such experimental evolution was made on a unicellular non-model system organism closely related to animals. The significance of the work is reduced by the failure to produce evidence to answer two critical questions about the observed mutations: 1) were they selected during the experiment or did they hitch-hike with other selected mutations, and 2) if they were selected, were they selected because they led to faster sedimentation or some other aspect of the conditions in which they were passaged. It would take serious effort to perform additional experiments to address these questions and thus the authors are likely to be better off explaining that their work is unable to answer the questions and thus they are speculating about both the causality of the mutants and the nature of the advantage they conferred.
ANSWER__: We beg to differ with the reviewer’s argument.__
We believe that our study demonstrates heritable phenotypic changes for an evolvable, ecologically relevant trait, and their tight cellular regulation. We identify and carefully quantify how two cellular growth phenotypes – the nuclear division rate and cell size control –– can vary heritably and independently of one another, and together directly shape variation in a critical ecological parameter of a marine organism. Therefore, in addition to the fact that the work was performed in an emerging model marine organism, this work provides fundamental “novel” insight into cellular trait evolution more generally.
Our results do not depend upon knowing the exact genetic mutations or molecular mechanisms which have caused these phenotypic changes. Nor, as the reviewer implies, do we claim to have identified particular mutations that were selected, or their effects on particular cellular phenotypes. We do, however, provide a large amount of evidence that the changes are likely genetic. With our sequencing effort, we find a strong, statistically significant, molecular signal of adaptation in the lineages (dN/dS > 1), and we publish a curated list of affected genes which are potentially causative for the phenotypes we observe.
Because we did not observe frequently recurrent mutations, as most directed (and cancer, antimicrobial resistance, etc.) evolution studies find, our results suggest that there is a large mutational target size affecting the phenotype of interest, reflecting its potentially broad genetic and molecular control mechanisms. We view these results as a great strength of the study, and consider this result in and of itself “novel”. Furthermore, we have now added and __used a statistical genetic approach to quantify the heritability of traits, or what proportion of the variance in phenotype is due to an individual’s inherited state__ (Figure 1 – figure supplement 1A). The results show that Heritability exceeds 95% across phenotypes, and across the entire dataset, H exceeded 99% of the total phenotypic variance (ANOVA F = 1118 on 252 and 735 DF, p = 0). This means that for a typical individual genotype in a given environment, we could predict its average phenotypic measurement with >97% accuracy.
The fact that we do not conclusively identify which particular mutations are causative does not obviate the overwhelming evidence that heritable changes occurred in our samples, leading to repeated phenotypic convergence affecting the trait of sedimentation rate. We believe these phenotypic changes, and our quantification of their magnitude, to be a “novel” and “significant” contribution to the literature on cellular trait evolution, ecology, and multicellularity.
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Referee #1
Evidence, reproducibility and clarity
Hello, we wrote our review before seeing that you have special formatting requirements. We're just going to post our review in it's entirety rather than rewrite it based on these suggestions. It encompasses the above content, it's just not formatted in the suggested order. We hope that's OK!
Full review:
This manuscript makes a strong case for the evolvability of multicellular size via selection for settling rate in the icthyosporea. The use of an experimental evolution framework to assess the evolvability of multicellular phenotypes, using sedimentation rate as a selective pressure, extends the previous work of others into a new domain within the holozoan and the closest living relatives of animals. The natural, ecological significance of selection for sedimentation rate is a novel idea, and the connection between sedimentation rate and multicellular evolution in natural as opposed to contrived experimental circumstances is an interesting idea. The results are striking and well supported, with laboratory evolution rapidly adjusting both the cellular composition and the multicellular phenotypes of the organisms involved in ways that are well explained. This is an important result that brings the laboratory study of the evolution of multicellularity forward, into a different branch of the tree of life and showing its broad applicability.
Sequencing of evolved lines adds significantly to the completeness of the story. While the causal role of these mutations in the production of the observed multicellular phenotypes are not demonstrated via manipulation or breeding, this is quite understandable in the light of the unusual model organism and the observed homologies and role of the genes involved. While this is largely clear from a reading, we believe the manuscript would benefit from a brief analysis of the numerical enrichment of genes with homologs involved in cytokinesis, cell membrane composition, and cell cycle control relative to the null hypothesis of genes picked randomly from the genome. If this is beyond the scope of this research in an unusual model organism with many poorly annotated genes, then a slightly expanded verbal discussion of the potential roles of the apparent functions of these genes in the evolution of multicellular clumping would be an appropriate substitute.
We wholeheartedly recommend the publication of this manuscript with a number of minor revisions, which while not affecting the main conclusions or points of the manuscript will clarify important points, adjust small errors, and point the reader at relevant literature and concepts.
Major points:
none.
Minor points:
Line 79 - is sedimentation rate really invariably associated with multicellularization? Active swimming would seem to prevent this.
Line 164 - the precise phenotype in the evolution experiment being referred to is unclear without further context, with the ordering of paragraphs possibly needing a little work.
Line 178 - is sorting them into three classes informative? Are there different mutations associated with these, or is it just visual clumping on the numberline? Perhaps not a useful classification, but the existence of great variation is an important point to get across. A more useful classification might be those that increase sedimentation with large density changes versus exclusively by clumping.
Line 254 - excess cellular density is referred to interchangeably with density, when these are very different figures. This continues in line 269, and in the figure legends of Figure 4.
Line 341 - the rule of RCC1 homolog in other organisms could be expanded on in slightly more detail. Similarly, other mutations in this same section known to affect cytokinesis could have potential mechanisms for affecting clumping commented upon, especially given the cell membrane results in the figures.
Line 387 - awkward formatting or sentence structure, with dashes and commas.
Line 395 - this cellular process, or this evolutionary process of selection for faster settling?
Line 408 - per unit volume
Line 425 - the idea of clumpiness as ancestral is quickly put forward and dismissed within a single sentence. This could be explored in slightly more detail as an option, before concluding that what is clear is that the phenotype is easy to change.
Line 437 - sedimentation as a highly variable trait, or a highly evolvable trait?
Figure 1G, 1H: We are fairly certain that the logarithmic scale of DNA content and coenocyte volume are mislabeled. The scale that is labeled log2 in 1G in the legend goes up by factors of 2 rather than single digits. The axis is obviously logarithmic, and the log2 in the legend is superfluous and misleading. Similarly, in 1H a scale labeled as log10 goes from 1 to 30, which on a logarithmic scale would be a sphere approximately 100 kilometers wide. The numbers can remain, but the legend should remove the log10.
General:
Were there any head to head competitions performed? Not suggesting you need to, but it's a nice way to directly examine fitness consequences of multicellularity, and is commonly done in the field. If you have done this it wasn't clear to us.
Significance
see the above comments about writing the review before realizing there were specific formatting suggestions. I hope you understand us not wanting to re-write the review having already written it once.
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openeal.pressbooks.com openeal.pressbooks.com
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He was waited upon over the factory, shown the machinery by George, who, in high spirits, talked so fluently, held himself so erect, looked so handsome and manly, that his master began to feel an uneasy consciousness of inferiority. What business had his slave to be marching round the country, inventing machines, and holding up his head among gentlemen? He’d soon put a stop to it. He’d take him back, and put him to hoeing and digging
Insecurity
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The marriage was highly approved of by Mrs. Shelby, who, with a little womanly complacency in match-making, felt pleased to unite her handsome favorite with one of her own class who seemed in every way suited to her; and so they were married in her mistress’ great parlor, and her mistress herself adorned the bride’s beautiful hair with orange-blossoms, and threw over it the bridal veil, which certainly could scarce have rested on a fairer head; and there was no lack of white gloves, and cake and wine,—of admiring guests to praise the bride’s beauty, and her mistress’ indulgence and liberality.
This is an example of Mrs. Shelby "masking the problem". She is seen as a sweet mistress who treats Eliza like her daughter, but Eliza is her doll whom lives within Mrs. Shelby's limits and expectations.
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“Hulloa, Jim Crow!” said Mr. Shelby, whistling, and snapping a bunch of raisins towards him, “pick that up, now!” The child scampered, with all his little strength, after the prize, while his master laughed. “Come here, Jim Crow,” said he. The child came up, and the master patted the curly head, and chucked him under the chin. “Now, Jim, show this gentleman how you can dance and sing.” The boy commenced one of those wild, grotesque songs
this is disgusting treatment
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head involution defective(hid) gene (UAS-hid) (electronic supplementary material,figure S1). An autoregulated tetracycline transactivator (tTA)transgene has been widely used as a conditional lethalsystem in insects [5,16]. Death is thought to be due to a generalinterference in gene expression due to high levels of the tTAtranscription factor. Similarly, we reasoned that the overexpres-sion of Gal4 would be lethal. The activation of hid expressionby Gal4 would cause lethality due to induction of apoptosis[17]. For the R, a single UAS-Gal80 construct was made. Con-sequently, all genes (Gal80, Gal4 and hid) have multiple copiesof the UAS sequence upstream of a core promoter and are thusactivated by binding of Gal4 to UAS.As the core promoter can have a significant impact on thelevel of gene activation by Gal4 [18], we evaluated differentcore promoters with the Gal4/UAS binary system. Usingdifferent core promoters, we were able to modulate theexpression of Gal4 and optimize the lethal system. Thestrong core promoter from the D. melanogaster hsp70 gene(DmHsp70) has been widely used since the development ofthe Gal4/UAS binary system in Drosophila [13,18]. The Droso-phila synthetic core promoter (DSCP) contains optimizedversions of the motifs (TATA, Inr, MTE and DPE) that arethought to be important for function [19]. Indeed, the DSCPcore promoter has been found to promote robust expressionwith a broad range of enhancers that bind different activator
I wonder what this gene is?
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As E.P. Thompson and others have noted, by theend of the eighteenth century the language of popular protest had acquired adistinct jacobin tinge. Anonymous threatening letters sent to magistrates oremployers, and the handwritten notices that were passed around or posted ontrees during food riots, showed a belief that the French Revolution, if not anexample to be actually followed, at least provided means of intimidation andincitement for local purposes. During the famine of 1800 a sketch of the guillotineappeared on a handbill advocating taxation populaire at Maldon in Essex, andposters elsewhere carried messages such as "Peace and Large Bread or a Kingwithout a Head," and "Bread or Blood . . . Have not Frenchmen shewn you apattern to fight for liberty?"
Popular politics took on a jacobin tinge after the end of the 18th century
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www.annualreviews.org www.annualreviews.org
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Fundamental features of human psychology can constrain the perceived personal relevance and importance of climate change, limiting both action and internalization of the problem. Cognitive shortcuts developed over millennia make us ill-suited in many ways to perceiving and responding to climate change (152), including a tendency to place less emphasis on time-delayed and physically remote risks and to selectively downplay information that is at odds with our identity or worldview (153). Risk perception relies on intuition and direct perceptual signals (e.g., an immediate, tangible threat), whereas for most high-emitting households in the Global North, climate change does not present itself in these terms, except in the case of local experiences of extreme weather events. Where strong concern does exist, this tends to be linked to care for others (154) combined with knowledge about the causes and possible consequences of climate change (155).
This is indeed a problematic feature of human evolution. It has given rise to what Timothy Morton refers to as "hyperobjects", objects of such vastness in space and time that it defeats human mechanisms of perception at local scale: https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/hyperobjects https://hyp.is/xROjpD_jEey4a6-Urbh4_Q/www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/timothy-mortons-hyper-pandemic
This psychological constraint is worth demonstrating to individuals to illustrate how we construct our values and responses. These constraints can be demonstrated in a vivid way within the context of Deep Humanity open source praxis BEing journeys.
As in the New Yorker interview with Morton, we can take Deep Humanity participants on BEing journeys, walkabouts to identify hyperobjects.
Hyperobjects are also cognitive and highly abstract in nature. This is a clue to another idea that could be enlightening to understanding the problematic context of appreciating hyperobjects such as climate change, and that is the idea of Jakob Von Uexkull's Umwelt:
"Uexküll was particularly interested in how living beings perceive their environment(s). He argued that organisms experience life in terms of species-specific, spatio-temporal, 'self-in-world' subjective reference frames that he called Umwelt (translated as surrounding-world,[9] phenomenal world,[10] self-world,[10] environment[11] - lit. German environment). These Umwelten (plural of Umwelt) are distinctive from what Uexküll termed the "Umgebung" which would be the living being's surroundings as seen from the likewise peculiar perspective or Umwelt of the human observer. Umwelt may thus be defined as the perceptual world in which an organism exists and acts as a subject. By studying how the senses of various organisms like ticks, sea urchins, amoebae, jellyfish and sea worms work, he was able to build theories of how they experience the world. Because all organisms perceive and react to sensory data as signs, Uexküll argued that they were to be considered as living subjects. This argument was the basis for his biological theory in which the characteristics of biological existence ("life") could not simply be described as a sum of its non-organic parts, but had to be described as subject and a part of a sign system.
The biosemiotic turn in Jakob von Uexküll's analysis occurs in his discussion of the animal's relationship with its environment. The Umwelt is for him an environment-world which is (according to Giorgio Agamben), "constituted by a more or less broad series of elements [called] "carriers of significance" or "marks" which are the only things that interest the animal". Agamben goes on to paraphrase one example from Uexküll's discussion of a tick, saying,
"...this eyeless animal finds the way to her watchpoint [at the top of a tall blade of grass] with the help of only its skin’s general sensitivity to light. The approach of her prey becomes apparent to this blind and deaf bandit only through her sense of smell. The odor of butyric acid, which emanates from the sebaceous follicles of all mammals, works on the tick as a signal that causes her to abandon her post (on top of the blade of grass/bush) and fall blindly downward toward her prey. If she is fortunate enough to fall on something warm (which she perceives by means of an organ sensible to a precise temperature) then she has attained her prey, the warm-blooded animal, and thereafter needs only the help of her sense of touch to find the least hairy spot possible and embed herself up to her head in the cutaneous tissue of her prey. She can now slowly suck up a stream of warm blood."[12]
Thus, for the tick, the Umwelt is reduced to only three (biosemiotic) carriers of significance: (1) The odor of butyric acid, which emanates from the sebaceous follicles of all mammals, (2) The temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (corresponding to the blood of all mammals), (3) The hairiness of mammals." ( From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_Johann_von_Uexk%C3%BCll)
The human umwelt limits us to a relatively small range of sensed signs. CO2 particles is not one of them. We rely on scientific narratives but these are far removed from direct sensing, into the field of conceptualization and abstraction. We have evolved to respond to danger that is sensed, less so to danger that is conceptualized.
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wt3fall2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu wt3fall2022.commons.gc.cuny.edu
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s], will enter the teahouse head for the inner courtyard
I have never seen an initial scene description this long, THE DETAIL.
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Mind is not the brain alone. Cognition is not just ‘in the head’; it extends well beyond the skull and the skin. Non-Cartesian Cognitive Science views cognition as being embodied, environmentally embedded, autopoietically enacted, and socially encultured and distributed.
This is the basis that Annie Murphy Paul's book "Extended Mind" is founded on.
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docs.google.com docs.google.com
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Brand Book {draft} To be able to change the world on the scale which it is needed, we cannot tell our story alone. We believe with an alliance of unlikely connections in the form of agencies and brands, we can share the load on the creation of unlikely connections, and build the power of the next social network, a social network for good. This Brand book walks you through AIME, it gives you the history, it gives you the callouts, it unlocks some pathways for storytelling. We share the AIME Design Brain we use to ensure we’ve birthed an AIME idea, and finally the channels AIME has to create unlikely connections. Now I didn’t want to bury the lead - we deeply believe that every campaign, every story, starts with manual one to one connections, that marketing requires human to human connection, and we don’t believe in one big story that suddenly goes viral: we don’t like viruses, we don’t like unhealthy growth. We are in this for the long game. The current dislocated media landscape is not who we require for verification. We want to build the connections one by one, and if the work is meaningful, then people may talk about it, but if not, the work is done. We focus our campaigns solely on the creation of the unlikely connections, not on who's watching. We don’t think facebook, instagram or twitter are strong arenas for communication at a level of depth that changes things. If your strategy involves them, delete your strategy, focus on the offline world, or on platforms that give space for depth, like podcasts or youtube. Remove the artificial, the distraction, the desperation for a quick result or a quick outcome and please please please build it slowly with us. One by one, in the shadows if we must, we’ll slowly keep building an incredibly meaningful social network for good that brings in the intelligence of all humankind. Thank you for creating unlikely connections with us for a fairer world Jack Manning Bancroft AIME Founder 14 August 2021 About AIME HISTORY IN FILM: What is AIME? IN FILM: What is UNCx5? What’s AIME’s vision? What is the problem AIME is solving? What’s the solution? How has AIME made the solution? What’s the difference between AIME and IMAGI-NATION? How do we measure success? How not to talk about AIME How to talk about AIME Our Spokespeople Where and how to activate AIME’s unlikely connections How to birth an AIME Idea Philosophy Star Dust Freedom Knowledge Create a fairer world? Economics Artists Engineering The AIME Unlikely Connection Channels IMAGI-NATION {University} IMAGI-NATION {TV} IMAGI-NATION {Radio} Making of a Hoodie Podcast IMAGI-NATION {Cinema} Fashion for Good IMAGI-NATION {Library} IMAGI-NATION Appendix: Glossary of words and phrases in the AIME universe About AIME In 2004, AIME founder Jack Manning Bancroft, sketched an idea of a social network for good, one that connected university students as mentors with Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander high school students in Australia, building bridges between two different groups, to lead to educational equity, exchanges of worth and value, and for the mentors a deeper connection to a different lived experience. In 2005, this network commenced and scaled at pace around Australia engaging over 25,000 Indigenous high school students who closed a 40% education outcome gap, and it lit up the minds of a generation of university students desperate to connect to something bigger than themselves, with over 10,000 university students volunteering their time and energy to make AIME the largest ongoing volunteer movement of university students in Australian history. The power of AIME to build unlikely connections grew as we encountered further barriers to the high school students’ pathway out of inequity - barriers in mass cultural storytelling where they couldn’t see anyone like them, barriers in employment, barriers in the board rooms, barriers in the shape of the economy that saw so many kids like them outside the margins. One by one, we’ve worked tirelessly on building bridges between these young people and the people in control of many of the friction points where change has not yet occurred, but is possible if we embrace unlikely connections. The more our work grew around Australia, the more we realised the largest challenge to inequity was not limited by national borders; it was all interlinked. It was how we saw each other, how we saw people outside the margins, how we valued exchange, and the amount of the pie there was to go around globally. In 2016, we expanded our work across the globe, which has led to the invention of our own TV network, our own radio show, our own University to train people to make unlikely connections and which in 2021 is reaching people across 52 countries. We scaled our work in fashion, with our Hoodie to drive into youth culture with a symbol that was more than an empty brand promise, a symbol that showed the true power of fashion for good. We are in the process of bringing all of this work into an online world, contained in one social network, where we can model a different economy of exchange where everyone is included, and where there are bridges for those in positions of power who want to see things change, but don’t know where to find a marginalised young person, or connect to a different way of thinking. Our network will build these bridges driven by the power of unlikely connections. While nation states have struggled to find solutions that bridge the divides, we have decided to call our new network, IMAGI-NATION, a new nation, where everyone has a seat at the table, and where we are all invited to make an unlikely connection and help build a fairer world. HISTORY IN FILM: Origin Story - 2005-2012 - Australian Story - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt5RxdQRFR4&ab_channel=AIMEMentoring Going Global - 2014-21 - 7 Down - https://vimeo.com/563040825 Password: down47down Philosophy in a podcast - 2021 conversation between Tyson Yunkaporta & AIME Founder Jack MB https://player.fm/series/the-other-others/positivity-meets-complexity What is AIME? AIME is ‘unlikely connections’ for a fairer world. We are a network that connects marginalised youth with the rest of the world to make space for exchanges of time, knowledge, opportunities to create more bridges between those inside the margins and those outside so we can realise a fairer world. IN FILM: COGS - Created to help AIME go global with Oscar Award Winner Laurent Witz & M&C Saatchi - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGt3figvnfU&ab_channel=AIMEMentoring What is UNCx5? Unlikely Connections times 5 - it’s the formula to unlock the power of unlikely connections and the key to open up the world of IMAGI-NATION. To create change, we don't need an island, or thousands of Instagram followers, or be a LinkedIn influencer. All we need is 5 incredible Unlikely Connections, and watch the many infinite new connections into experiences, knowledge, perspectives that explode when 5 people go deep in a smaller circle - in a network that is decentralised and includes us all. What’s AIME’s vision? Creating millions of unlikely connections between marginalised youth and those inside the margins AND between all human beings and different ways of thinking in order to create a fairer world. What is the problem AIME is solving? Our current connections work towards a concentration of wealth and opportunity for the few, a confirmation of our biases, more time with people like us What’s the solution? Unlikely connections, between races, ages, wealth, nations. How has AIME made the solution? Two parallel pathways - connecting people with stories and knowledge, and connecting people with each other. The stories and knowledge come through AIME’s Hoodie, TV, Radio, Film, Gallery, Library & University. The connections are facilitated via AIME’s online social network for good & in our physical work in Universities & schools worldwide - IMAGI-NATION, AIME’s university IMAGI-NATION {University}, and via AIME’s meeting place within IMAGI-NATION, a global exchange portal where marginalised youth can connect with mentors, internships, scholarships and jobs. What’s the difference between AIME and IMAGI-NATION? AIME is the organisation, IMAGI-NATION is the network. How do we measure success? By counting the unlikely connections created. And then by tracking through case studies, the deeper impact short, medium, long term of those unlikely connections. How not to talk about AIME Okay here’s some watchouts. Avoid these: · The Australian Indigenous Mentoring Experience - AIME was founded as an Australian unlikely connector between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, it’s now grown to 50+ countries. QANTAS used to be the Queensland and Northern Territory Airline Association, it’s now just QANTAS. AIME’s origin story is part of the heartbeat of the organisation, and it is told with subtlety and nuance, by having a global stage where Indigenous Australian young people stand alongside other young people outside the margins, and people inside the margins, and in that statement, on a global stage, we see the ultimate equity achieved for Indigenous people in Aus. That equity is that there are no ceilings, there are no doors closed to their possibility, their identity is their power and their story, not to limit them, but to unleash them. · “Indigenous Australian and other marginalised youth” - this reinforces the negative twice. We want the audience to understand the global inequality faced by young people who because of historical circumstances, because of societal design, have landed in a life that they are outside the margins. Calling out Indigenous Australians and then other marginalised youth does a double otherising. Back to the simple message “AIME connects young people outside the margins with a network of those inside the margins to build exchanges to create a fairer world.” · Awareness - AIME isn’t about awareness, we aren’t here to tell people about the problem of inequity, to dwell on the past, AIME is about solutions, AIME is about tomorrow, AIME is about action, about really simple action where people make an unlikely connection with knowledge through our storytelling, are inspired to act through our storytelling, or are connected in unlikely ways via AIME’s network. o Particular callout on the AIME Hoodie - the AIME Hoodie is the most activated meaningful Hoodie in the world. No hoodie we make is about awareness. For example: § Making Space Hoodie is a Gallery - it exhibits the work of marginalised youth from around the world & it also exhibits the work of profile artists giving their profile and work to raise $ and bring people to connect with the AIME network and make more unlikely connections. § Making Space Hoodie is a ticket - to the global Making Space exhibition where the world’s marginalised youth are exhibited on the walls of the most prestigious galleries around the planet. § Making Space Hoodie is not awareness building about the plight of inequity. · AIME is the anti charity. If there’s anything you’ve seen before in public fundraising, gala balls, flip the script on it because AIME doesn’t want to give to people what they already know, we don’t give them what they’ve already got, because that is not an unlikely connection with an idea, with a way of thinking. We want people to see AIME as the ideal organisation on planet earth, not your usual charity, not noble, but normal. How to talk about AIME · Unlikely connections for a fairer world. · Ask a question - What unlikely connection with an idea, with a person, has changed your life for good? · We are the anti facebook - AIME is the network of tomorrow - built for everyone, not affirming what we know and who we know, but connecting us to what we don’t know and who we don’t know, not for entertainment, but for good. · Action action action - focus on the action, the impact, the outcome, the unlikely connections, how one unlikely connection after another we can change things. Map the impact, showcase how the idea is changing the world. · Borrow - borrow from all different organisations, stories, ideas, and fuse the unlikely connections. · Imaginatively create stories that are fuelled by unlikely connections. If you have a young person from outside the margins and someone from inside the margins you are on your way. If they are activated and working proactively on a project of tomorrow, and the young person is shown with strength, with agency, not as a problem to be fixed, but the solution, then you are well on your way. · DO IT - don’t overthink it, don’t over strategise it. Make sure the passion for what we are doing - the fairer world we are fighting for, is alive. When this is alive, we are alive, we’ll learn from the doing. · Always drafting - embrace an idea that we are always drafting. This links in with the doing of it. If we know we are creating unlikely connections, then let’s get out there and do it. Our Spokespeople · Our Lead spokespeople are our 6 Professors. They transcend our literal representations of race and identity and allow us to move into a place of imagination. They are multidimensional, they are challenging and complex. We want our professors doing media spots, public speaking events, representing AIME. o Profile on each please Josh BuoyVanessa EllisBenjamin Knight · AIME Ambassadors - 200 young people from around the world Where and how to activate AIME’s unlikely connections Our social network for good, since 2005 has focused on real life, real world interactions between human beings, creating unlikely connections one by one. We see the power of the internet to connect and are developing our own digital social network for good to be released in 2022. We are very wary of the trap of Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and would prefer the use of these platforms to drive physical action. For example: · Making Space campaign - Post from an artist at a gallery asking their gallery to join the Making Space Exhibition globally · Making Space campaign - an employer inviting other businesses to join the making space club What we dig less is ‘awareness’: “I’m wearing this hoodie, I’m cool therefore marginalised youth are cool” We aren’t so into that, we’d prefer action. Eg: · I’m wearing this hoodie with a callout to any young artists from outside the margins who want to have a chance to be exhibited at the Louvre in this year’s MAKING SPACE exhibition and have your own work created into a custom Art Hoodie via AIME’s IMAGI-NATION{Gallery}, head to http://aimementoring.com to apply. Ensure there are unlikely connections from the inception through to the delivery of the idea and impact tracking & storytelling afterwards. If it builds the network of unlikely connections, if it leads to action = good. If it talks about how good AIME is = not so good. Remember - not the past, but the future. Not the problem, but the solution. That every single communication piece from us is an opportunity to create an unlikely connection with a new piece of knowledge, a different way of thinking, or a person, that leads to a fairer world. How to birth an AIME Idea This is our AIME brain, it’s what’s required to create an AIME idea. If you have ticked all of these, it’s an AIME idea. We believe in knowledge to change the world, that’s why we have a philosophy checklist; we believe that economics drives what we value and to change the world, we must influence economic exchanges; we see art and artistic thinking as leading an idea, birthing a reality, a bridge between imagination and what we know; and finally, we believe in robust engineering to ensure we change the system, and the idea can move from imagination to actionable change. Below is the graphic we work through to ensure we have designed an AIME idea. And we’ll share a short description of each section. Philosophy Star Dust · Does this idea live after it’s been created, is there a vision where it explodes, and the star dust that is left helps the whole earth? Freedom · Are we working on freeing people’s minds? Or helping them enter a space of imagination? Are we suspending disbelief? Are we flipping the script on how we think? Are we releasing all sides/different people from their existing biases and allowing for freedom of thought to see unlikely pathways as realities? Knowledge · Is there knowledge shared as part of the idea? Not surface awareness but deep knowledge transfer? Do we change the way people think? Is there depth to the idea? Create a fairer world? · Does this action create a fairer world? How will we prove it? Economics · Exchange of Time, Knowledge, Opportunities o Does this idea focus on an exchange of time, knowledge and opportunities? Does it provide the space for those involved to share across the margins? Is cash kicked down the line as a barrier to entry? Are there moneyless exchanges leading? · IMAGI-NATION - Social Network for Good o Does it bring the audience to IMAGI-NATION to act? o Does it inspire the audience to network differently, to network with unlikely connections? Artists · Make a statement o Does the idea grab you? Does it make a statement? Have we distilled the essence of it into a headline? Is the statement something we can stand for? · Always drafting o Does the idea have fingerprints all over it? Have we embraced ‘always drafting’ as a concept in design? Have we let the audience into the process of creation? Have we created a bridge between them and us by being human, by drafting with them? Have we co-created? And have we released ourselves from perfection by releasing the idea, then drafting with the world? · Imagine o Have we harnessed the power of our collective and individual imaginations with the idea? Have we truly deeply imagined what’s possible? Is the idea predictable or imaginative? Have we used the principle of unlikely connections in the birthing of the idea to ensure it is imaginative? · Layers and levels o Is there depth to the work? Are there multiple layers and levels at play? Does it work today and tomorrow? Is there complexity in the approach? · Play with the frame o Have we looked at the existing frame and played with it? Have we drawn outside the margins? Have we changed the frame? Have we played with the assumptions of what the playground is? Have we, in the very act of adjusting the frame, expanded the margins? Have we made the frame bigger to help others see bigger? Have we made more space? Engineering · Impact o What is the measurable impact of unlikely connections created from the campaign? What are the numbers of young people from outside the margins that will have unlikely connections because of this idea? How are we going to capture the case study impact of the work? In what format? What changes because of the idea? And can you prove it with hard facts? With numbers and stories? · Repeatable o Is the idea repeatable? Can it scale globally? Can it grow year on year? Could it last for 20 years? · Shift the system from the inside o Does the idea bring those people from inside the margins onto the bridge to make an unlikely connection with those outside the margins? Have we inspired those inside the margins to act, then given them a pathway and responsibility to do the work? o Does it have a design that moves beyond a day? Does it have a club/ a system/ a campaign/ a peer-to-peer device/ cultural pressure that moves the work back into the hands of those within the margins to create the change themselves? o What levers are we pulling on to make the system move? · Long Game o Have we imagined what happens with this idea in 100 years’ time? Have we thought about what happens in 1000 years’ time? Have we released ourselves from a measurement of success being an instant ‘like’, to thinking about the long game? Have we resisted the pressure of “big news” results, to think one-by-one about how we can build the idea year-on-year, to create the snowball, into the avalanche of change? Is there patience in the design? · Who's at the table? o Are people from outside the margins at the table in the design of the idea? Do we have unlikely connections at play the whole way through? · Give kids the stage o Does the idea make a stage and then give the stage to young people outside the margins to show they are not a problem to be fixed but part of the solution? o Are young people involved in the design process? o How do the young people take their opportunities from the idea and become leaders that pass it on and create more opportunities for young people like themselves? The AIME Unlikely Connection Channels IMAGI-NATION {University} Where AIME educates & inspires people in how to make unlikely connections to act for a fairer world. Students complete their courses over 10 months. There are five degree courses and five key audiences: · Executives - who work on creating a Co-CEO in their organisation and levelling the playing field in their workplace · University students - who lead an AIME student chapter and create mentoring connections between university student mentors and 100 marginalised high school students · Teachers - who teach with imagination to engage ALL students in the classroom and build bridges to local employers & community · Entrepreneurs - for school students from outside the margins to become entrepreneurs and create change from the inside out (and for those within the margins to build unlikely connections back to those outside) · Citizens - for individuals to work on projects for change within their communities or the world Via IMAGI-NATION {University}, by 2024, AIME is looking to create unlikely connections for 90K marginalised youth per year. Here are 5 case studies of students enrolled in 2021 IMAGI-NATION {TV} A weekly TV show where we curate unlikely connections. This is where we incubate ideas, where we bring people together to create the connections. From the show we have birthed IMAGI-NATION {University}, IMAGINE Film, a Hoodie that pays rent, and 1000’s of unlikely connections. The first season: https://vimeo.com/454576826/883f618ecb<br> Example episode: Each episode partners with a school and via the knowledge and the people on IMAGI-NATION {TV}, we are looking to provide unlikely connections to 5000 marginalised youth per annum by 2024 (100 kids per school per show). 5 Guest profiles IMAGI-NATION {Radio} Our main show is Making of a Hoodie Podcast with a few others in production Making of a Hoodie Podcast A monthly/bi-monthly activated podcast where we create unlikely connections, and then from the podcast create a hero hoodie, then activate more unlikely connections. Each year we work on: · 12 Schools globally · 3 activists · 3 artists · 3 alternative thinkers Our current distribution partner for the show and the Hoodies is The ICONIC. Via Making of a Hoodie Podcast we are looking to create unlikely connections with 1000 marginalised youth per year (100 kids per school per show). Example Show: https://podlink.to/makingsomethingouttanothing<br> Example Hoodie:https://shop.aimementoring.com/products/moah-hero-hoodie<br> 2-3 participant case studies IMAGI-NATION {Cinema} Once a year we work on releasing a film as a driver to open applications for IMAGI-NATION {University}. We see our films as a way to create unlikely connections with ideas and ways of thinking. Our current films are: · COGS · Dreams Our 2021 Film is: · 7 Down Our 2022 Film is: · IMAGINE Film We are also working on ways to tell the story of our Professors of IMAGI-NATION {University} to the world. Fashion for Good We can create activated Hoodies to amplify any campaign or idea or story. Current Hoodie campaigns we are running: · Kindness Hoodie · Making Space Hoodie · Hero Hoodies via Making of a Hoodie Podcast IMAGI-NATION {Library} This is our legacy to the world for the next 60,000+ years of human existence. This is where we keep developing all of our books, and mentor tools. The key development in this area is the creation of Mentor Class - a variety of videos and lessons from Mentors.
Mentor Class example IMAGI-NATION In 2022 we will have our own digital social network for people to be able to enter and exchange and engage with each other's time, knowledge, and opportunities. Designed with unlikely connections between some of the world’s most interesting organisations and human beings, IMAGI-NATION models a different economy and is a home for kids pushed outside the margins to walk across a bridge into knowledge and opportunities, and a space for citizens of our earth to work out how to live and design a world more equitably Appendix: Glossary of words and phrases in the AIME universe 18 values A set of values that infuse everything we do. Everyone enrolled in IMAGI-NATION {University} is trained in our 18 values. These are hope, change, freedom, rebelliousness, listening, empathy, BRAVE goals, no shame, initiative, yes and, forgiveness, kindness, gift of time, failure, asking questions, hard work/discipline, know yourself, mentors not saviours. 365-day Goal Station An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. Where mentees write on post-it notes their goals for the year and place them on a sign where they can be seen. 6 knowledge fields The 6 key areas of knowledge and experience we have gained over the years that form the basis for everything we do and that we teach at IMAGI-NATION {University}. These are Imagination, Mentoring, Organising Change, Building Bridges, Flipping the Script and Hoodie Economics. AIME A global network that connects youth from marginalised backgrounds with the rest of the world to make space for exchanges of time, knowledge and opportunities between them. AIME Time Machine (AimeTM) An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. Where mentees ‘deposit’ the baggage they are going to leave behind before they enter the IMAGI-NATION {Factory}. Always drafting We are always drafting. We have released ourselves from perfection and embraced the idea that our work is always a draft. It’s never finished, never perfect. Asking questions One of our 18 values. Asking questions allows us to move from what we already know to what we don’t yet know. Asterix Professor of Hoodie Economics at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Asterix is a philosopher combined with an economics major in pursuit of what makes life worth living. She’s asking some very big questions through her research to redefine how we think about adding value in our world – pursuing an exchange of time and experience instead of just money. Blue Professor of Flipping the Script at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Blue knows that self-authorship and an entrepreneurial mindset are integral in order to move oneself outside the dominant narrative. His fundamental lesson in flipping the script: “I don’t have to play a part in someone else’s story”. Blue wants to help write a curriculum for all students to see themselves in a new light at IMAGI-NATION {University}. BRAVE goals One of our 18 values. AIME embodies BRAVE (BIG, RISKY, AUDACIOUS, VISIONARY, ENDLESS) goals. Building bridges One the 6 knowledge fields taught at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Creating connections across nations, cultures, races, ages, socio-economic differences. Cellular network Our organisational structure at AIME—a living, evolving, decentralised system of intermingling cells. Change One of our 18 values. Change is the only constant! Co-CEO The Co-CEO program looks at levelling the playing field and making boardrooms more diverse and inclusive. Executives recruit a young person aged 18-30 from a background that has historically experienced marginalisation who will shadow them for 6-12 months and absorb all the learning available to those who get a seat at the decision-making table. Empathy One of our 18 values. Empathy is feeling with the heart of another person. Einstein Professor of Building Bridges at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Einstein wrote a paper as a sociology grad student in the 1970’s based on a phenomenon she gathered from her research: instead of going from A to B and B to C, what if we just built a bridge from A to C? Now she’s getting recruited by leaders around the world to talk about building bridges. The problem is: she’s not sure it’s going to work... Energy Professor of Mentoring at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Energy is on a lifelong quest to pass on knowledge. She earned her PhD in mentoring; she loves the Plato/Socrates relationship; she’s obsessed with seeing knowledge passed down from generation to generation. If she wants to tell you something, she’ll tell you a parable. She knows that if you want to change the world, you need to connect with people through stories. Failure One of our 18 values. When we fail, we learn. When we learn, we grow. Failure Time An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. A confidence and resilience-building session where kids try out new things and learn it’s ok to fail. Flipping the script One the 6 knowledge fields taught at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Shifting the dominant narrative from a lens of problem to solution. Forgiveness One of our 18 values. Forgiveness gives us the power to move beyond a certain circumstance or person and not let it define us. Freedom One of our 18 values. Freedom is about casting off the chains that come from ourselves, history, society. GAIME of Life An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. An interactive writers’ room and role play game where kids get to write and bring to life a story that can inspire kids like themselves. Gift of time One of our 18 values. At AIME, we believe the greatest gift we can give is the gift of our time by turning up for others. Hard work/discipline One of our 18 values. Hard work and discipline are the gears behind change. It’s not always pretty but it’s completely necessary. Hoodie The AIME Hoodie is the most meaningful Hoodie in the world. Since 2010, it has been the currency of IMAGI-NATION and our device for change. We ask people to act, to stand up and create change, and in exchange, we give them a hoodie to say “Thank you for fighting for a fairer world.” Hoodie Economics One the 6 knowledge fields taught at IMAGI-NATION {University}. The economy that underpins AIME: elevating the exchange of time, knowledge and opportunity above money. Hope One of our 18 values. Hope is believing in a better future and working to make it happen Hope Professor of Imagination at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Hope knows that hope doesn’t come easy: it’s always a struggle. He’s trying as hard as possible to build that bridge between reality and unreality. Hope feels the heaviness of hope; he carries this giant burden and responsibility – all the while thinking: “Don’t make me carry this alone!” Hope is the epitome of hard work: he knows you don’t get to opt out of the work if you want to change the world. Imagination One the 6 knowledge fields taught at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Imagination is the beginning of human thought and action. IMAGI-NATION An online world where we can model how society can work differently, where everyone has a seat at the table, where people enter and engage with each other and exchange time, knowledge, and opportunities, and where we are all invited to make an unlikely connection and help build a fairer world. IMAGI-NATION {Ambassadors} One of the options of the {Entrepreneurs} course at IMAGI-NATION {University}. A 100-day challenge for school students to use IMAGI-NATION to create a fairer world through a change mission of their choice. IMAGI-NATION {Artists} One of the options of the {Entrepreneurs} course at IMAGI-NATION {University}. A three-month residency for young artists to be mentored by a team of artists and have their work featured on IMAGI-NATION {TV} and in our IMAGI-NATION {Gallery}. IMAGI-NATION {CEO4Good} One of the options of the {Entrepreneurs} degree course at IMAGI-NATION {University}. A 100-day challenge for school students from inside the margins to mobilise their networks to share wealth, knowledge, opportunities with kids being left behind. IMAGI-NATION {Cinema} Our films and series use story to create unlikely connections with ideas and ways of thinking. Currently: Cogs (film, 2017), Dreams (film, 2018), The Professors (series, 2021), 7 Down (film, 2021), IMAGINE (film, coming in 2022), The Professors’ House (series, coming in 2022). IMAGI-NATION {Citizens} One of the degree courses at IMAGI-NATION {University}. For individuals to lead projects that drive meaningful change in their community and the world using the tools of IMAGI-NATION. IMAGI-NATION {Classrooms} A digital mentoring and tutoring session delivered via online meeting platforms to support mentees academically. IMAGI-NATION {Curriculum} A suite of mentoring tools and activities for school students based around our 18 values delivered through our pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days, IMAGI-NATION {Teachers} and partnerships with educators. Includes the Magic Maker, the Purple Carpet, the 365-day Goal Station, Sacrifice Planes, AIME Time Machine, Failure Time, GAIME of Life, Keys to the City, the Hoodie, books, films and more. IMAGI-NATION {Entrepreneurs} One of the degree courses at IMAGI-NATION {University}. School students become entrepreneurs for good and gain hands-on experience in leading change for themselves, for others or for the planet, including by using their artistic talents to have their voice and other voices heard. Includes {Ambassadors}, {Artists}, {CEO4Good}, {Filmmakers}, {Writers}. IMAGI-NATION {Executives} One of the degree courses at IMAGI-NATION {University}. For executives wanting to transform the leadership culture of their organisations, level the playing field for young people from outside the margins and bring diverse young talent into the boardroom. IMAGI-NATION {Factory} An immersive theatre experience delivered on school and university campuses to help kids develop confidence, unlock imagination and brave thought, and free their potential to create change in their world and in the wider world. This is how the IMAGI-NATION {Curriculum} is delivered to mentees. IMAGI-NATION {Filmmakers} One of the options of the {Entrepreneurs} degree course at IMAGI-NATION {University}. School students are mentored by professionals from the TV and film industry in how to tell stories and make films. IMAGI-NATION {Gallery} A virtual space and physical spaces (including the Hoodie) where AIME artists can display and sell their artwork and connect with established artists, galleries and opportunities. IMAGI-NATION {Library} A resource library of free IMAGI-NATION knowledge and tools to live on forever, for humanity. Available to everyone, both within and outside of IMAGI-NATION {University}. IMAGI-NATION {Presidents} One of the degree courses at IMAGI-NATION {University}. {Presidents} are university students who lead an AIME student chapter on their campus and create mentoring connections between university student mentors and 100 high school kids who have been pushed outside the margins. IMAGI-NATION {Radio} Where we host our Making of a Hoodie podcast. Each episode invites a different school to give the stage for youngsters to create unlikely connections and co-design an exclusive AIME hoodie sold on ICONIC apparel. IMAGI-NATION {Teachers} One of the degree courses at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Teachers wanting to teach with IMAGI-NATION to engage all students in the classroom and build bridges to local employers and community. IMAGI-NATION {TV} A weekly TV show on YouTube where we curate unlikely connections. Hosted by AIME school students, {Presidents} and partner schools. People from all walks of life around the world come together to connect with young people pushed outside the margins and share knowledge and ideas on ways to actively create a fairer world. IMAGI-NATION {University} A free online university where we educate and inspire people in how to make unlikely connections to act for a fairer world. With courses for school students, university students, teachers, executives and everyday citizens. IMAGI-NATION {Writers} One of the options of the {Entrepreneurs} degree course at IMAGI-NATION {University}. School students are mentored by established writers in how to write and tell stories. IMAGINE film The first crowd-written, crowd-produced feature-length film. To create the stage for kids from marginalised backgrounds to join household names in film and television for a live creation mentoring experiment in filmmaking. Impact Real-life change in someone’s mind, in their life, in their community, in the world because of an unlikely connection with an idea, a way of thinking, a piece of knowledge, a person, and that leads to a fairer world in the short, long or medium term. Initiative One of our 18 values. Initiative is about saying ‘If not me then who? If not, now then when?’ Keys to the City An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. A moment where kids step to the front, take the stage and get the chance to shine in any way they choose. Kindness One of our 18 values. Kindness is in the AIME DNA, we LOVE to trade in the currency of kindness. Kindness Hoodie A hoodie designed to inspire kindness throughout the year. Every week, 20 people around the world each wear a kindness hoodie for a week, spread as much kindness as they can in whichever way they choose, then pass the hoodie on to the next 20 people. Know yourself One of our 18 values. Knowing yourself means increasing your awareness of the emotions, motivations, desires, abilities, fears and aspirations that form the self. Lionelcorn Professor of Organising Change at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Lionelcorn is fascinated by organizational systems that exist in the wild. (He’s obsessed with mycelium.) All of his organizational theories are based in natural regeneration. He thinks it’s bullshit that the world isn’t changing like nature. Chaos is natural. He’s pushing for chaos and change. Listening One of our 18 values. Listening is the gateway to empathy and connection, and is often a more powerful action than speaking. Magic Maker An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. A question mark wand with 1,000 questions on it that work as a ‘get to know you’ conversation starter to bring mentors and mentees together. Making of a Hoodie A monthly/bi-monthly activated podcast that connects schools with activists, artists and alternative thinkers through ideas, knowledge and perspectives and sees them create a school hoodie together. Making Space A global art initiative that sees the work of youth from marginalised backgrounds exhibited in the IMAGI-NATION {Gallery}, on custom AIME hoodies, alongside profile artists and through their networks, and in galleries around the world. Meeting Place A global exchange portal where youth from marginalised backgrounds can connect with mentors, internships, scholarships and jobs. Mentoring One the 6 knowledge fields taught at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Mentoring is the key to sharing knowledge and wisdom across generations. Mentors in Residence Knowledge-holders from different walks of life who mentor 20 of our key leaders at AIME over a 3-month term twice a year. Mentors, not saviours One of our 18 values. We are not here to ‘save’ the youth that we work with. We are here to mentor kids so that they are stronger without us. Mycelium We are inspired by mycelium, a magical and intelligent web of life above and beneath the soil and a vital force of life on Earth. Mycelium is the oldest continuously surviving multi-cellular network in the world and helps trees talk to each other underground. No shame (at AIME) One of our 18 values. No shame at AIME is one of our earliest catchphrases. There’s zero tolerance at AIME for casting shame on others for expressing themselves or for being who they are. Organising change One the 6 knowledge fields taught at IMAGI-NATION {University}. Organising change is about how we can change things to be fairer. Professors The six non-human and complex academics who are the founders of IMAGI-NATION {University} and AIME’s lead spokespeople: Professor Asterix, Professor Blue, Professor Einstein, Professor Energy, Professor Hope, Professor Lionelcorn. Purple Carpet An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. Inspired by world class, theatrical architecture and the red carpet, a device that signals to the mentees they are stepping into the world of IMAGI-NATION. Rebelliousness One of our 18 values. We’re not going to change anything by accepting the status quo. Sometimes a little rebellion is necessary to create change. Sacrifice Planes An ingredient of pop-up IMAGI-NATION {Factory} days. Where mentees write on paper planes the sacrifices they will make to achieve their goals and send them out into the world. Social Network for Good IMAGI-NATION: our social network founded in 2005 that focuses on meaningful human interactions anchored in real life and in the real world, and forges unlikely connections between people to create a fairer world. Sunday Kindness Our weekly newsletter delivering a dose of kindness to the world every Sunday. This Hoodie Pays Rent An initiative launched in April 2020 where we split profits from ‘This Hoodie Pays Rent’ hoodie sales with those struggling to pay their rent because of COVID-19, to help keep a roof over their heads. Unlikely connections Unlikely connections is connecting people with other people and with stories, experiences, knowledge, ideas, perspectives and opportunities they wouldn’t ordinarily connect with, across races, ages, wealth and nations. Yes, and One of our 18 values. At AIME, YES AND means encouraging a collaborative environment and cherishing ideas before burning them.
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Ostrom and her colleagues found, however, that insome but not all cases, resource users themselves can de-velop and enforce rules to disincentivize overexploitationand ensure the long-term sustainability of the resource.
Is this not what colonials technically managed? A non-privatized system of utilizing and managing resources, refrained from self-interested and exploitative behavior. We know it is possible for humans to govern themselves and act for the collective good, but at the same time it feels almost impossible that a system like this could be implemented today. I personally wonder how this is applicate in the digital world, since on its surface, resources seem to be infinite. I would be curious to know more about online resources and how they can be exploited, as I cannot think of anyways this currently happens at the top of my head.
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www.science.org www.science.org
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those capable of quickly memorizing multiple toy names—shows they often tilt their heads before correctly retrieving a specific toy. That suggests the behavior might be a sign of concentration and recall in our canine pals, the team suggests.
Dogs may tilt their head to recall a toy name
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mailchi.mp mailchi.mp
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I created a social justice metaphor library to help explain concepts like why you can't just create a "level playing field" without acknowledging the economic impacts of history (see, even saying it like that is complicated).
I love that Dave has started a list of these useful social justice metaphors.
I got side tracked by the idea this morning and submitted a handful I could think of off the top of my head.
- Baseball fence
- Parable of the Polygons
- Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack
I'm curious if there are any useful ones in the neurodiversity space? I feel like I need more of these myself.
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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Later a mortal avalanche, whole mountains of homosexuality, Matterhorns of cock, Grand Canyons of asshole—weight on my melancholy head—
Examining sexuality in a poem about his dead mother--interesting choice. Seems like a slam on the breaks before talking about walking on Broadway, rejecting the linear narrative seen in some poetry
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docs.google.com docs.google.com
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I said I would be ready that very day if necessary. He caught me at my word with great alacrity. The steamer Melita was leaving for Bangkok that evening about seven. He would request her captain officially to give me a passage and wait for me till ten o’clock. Then he rose from his office chair, and I got up, too. My head swam, there was no doubt about it, and I felt a certain heaviness of limbs as if they had grown bigger since I had sat down on that chair. I made my bow. A subtle change in Captain Ellis’ manner became perceptible as though he had laid aside the trident of deputy-Neptune. In reality, it was only his official pen that he had dropped on getting up.
- The textual lifecycle of Conrad’s novella has experienced a vast array of changes. From the moment the draft was completed, Conrad set about revising “phrasing, stylistic polishing and the settling of punctation” (Stape & Simmons, 125). Beyond this, the differences between the First English edition and serialised edition are what Stape and Simmons refer to as Conrad’s “painstaking and extensive” edits (142). Revisions would also include replacements for words and phrases. Such examples include “couple of years ago for a few years ago” and “every fortnight was amended to every month” (Stape & Simmons, 143).
Alterations and new editions have remained a consistent presence in The Shadow Line’s lifespan. In 1921 The Shadow Line was included in Heinemann’s collected editions, along with the novella Within the Tides, and again in 1922 in Doubleday’s Sun Dial (Stape & Simmons, 150). In 1946-55 this set was reissued as Dent’s Collected Edition (Stape & Simmons, 150). The Heinemann collected edition fell out of circulation until in 1986 when Jacques Berthoud used the copy text for the Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics edition, and this edition was reissued again in 2001 (Stape & Simmons, 150-151).
These are just some of the means with which to engage with The Shadow Line, and despite these edits, alterations, editions, serialisations and revisions, the heart of the story remains consistent throughout, just as Conrad had said himself when he dedicated the novella to ““Borys and all others who like himself have crossed in early youth the shadow-line of their generation” (Hawthorn, 2).
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Reviewer #3 (Public Review):
Angelaki and Laurens examine the complex spike responses of two types of Purkinje cells (translation-PC and tilt-PC) whose simple spike responses they had previously characterized. They find that even though the simple spike responses of translation-PCs and tilt-PCs are very different from each other during 3D head movements, the two types of Purkinje cells have similar complex spike responses. These results are interpreted within the context of an artificial neural network model, leading the authors to suggest that Purkinje cells within the same cerebellar module (i.e. Purkinje cells with similar complex spike responses) can learn to generate different simple spike responses.
The data is very exciting, and the analyses and computational modeling very revealing and insightful. The authors clearly demonstrate that Purkinje cells with (apparently) similar climbing fiber inputs can generate very different simple spike responses during 3D head movements. This is a novel finding that will stimulate new discussion about cerebellar function among researchers in the field, and it stands on its own.
However, the authors make 2 'big' claims that are not fully supported by their analyses:
1) Are translation-PCs and tilt-PCs in the same olivo-cerebellar loop? The authors state that both Purkinje cell populations are part of a single olivo-cerebellar loop because their complex spikes are driven by the same sensory prediction error.
- While both translation-PCs and tilt-PCs appear to have similar complex spike responses during the specific conditions and 3D head movements tested, examining complex spike responses in other conditions/other stimuli may reveal differences that would indicate that the Purkinje cells belong to different olivo-cerebellar loops (for example, all experiments were performed in the dark and consisted of passive head movements; is it possible that some Purkinje cells, but not others, could emit visually-driven complex spikes in addition to the translation-related complex spikes observed in the dark in this study? Or could the complex spike responses of tilt-PCs and translation PCs become different from each other during active movements?).
- Ultimately, whether two Purkinje cells belong to the same olivo-cerebellar loop is an anatomical question; it can only be demonstrated by confirming not only that (1) the Purkinje cells receive the same climbing fiber input from the inferior olive, but also that (2) the output of the Purkinje cells is sent back to the same neurons in the inferior olive. The output pathways of translation-PCs and tilt-PCs are unknown, but the correlational data in Supplementary Fig. 5S1 seems to suggest that they are different (at least with regards to their projections to the inferior olive). In the neural network model, it is assumed that only the output of translational-PCs (but not tilt-PCs) is sent to the part of the olive that projects back to both translational-PCs and tilt-PCs, whereas the output of tilt-PCs is sent to translational-PCs but not to the inferior olive. There is no anatomical data available to support this unconventional architecture.
2) Can translation-PCs and tilt-PCs use the same complex spikes to learn their respective simple spike responses during 3D head movements? The authors mention that their computational model supports the hypothesis that a single olivocerebellar loop with a shared error signal (in the form of a complex spike) can learn the diverse Purkinje cell responses encountered in the cerebellum (page 18, lines 471-474). However, the neural network model only implements plasticity in the inputs to the tilt-PCs. There is no plasticity in the local synapses formed by the inputs to the translation-PCs. In addition, the model assumes that translation-PCs in different olivo-cerebellar loops will receive selective otolith inputs encoding a specific component of the GIA (e.g. GIAy). In the model, the weights of these highly selective otolith inputs are not learned; they are set at the beginning and cannot be changed. Thus, at the beginning of the simulation, it is these 'fixed' GIA inputs that are entirely responsible for the responses of translation-PCs (these responses are not learned), and for the responses of the inferior olive that drive plasticity in tilt-PCs. In effect, the specialized GIA inputs to the translation-PCs serve as the teaching signal for the tilt-PCs, at least at the beginning of the simulation period. There is no empirical evidence to support the idea that Purkinje cell inputs come in different flavors, including one set of inputs that is plastic and one set of specialized and highly selective inputs that is hardwired and unchangeable. It is unclear whether the network model would be able to learn the correct responses of tilt-PCs and translation-PCs if the weights of *all* the local inputs to both tilt-PCs and translation-PCs were randomly distributed at the beginning and allowed to change according to the same decorrelation plasticity rule.
As a final comment, although Purkinje cells were classified as tilt-PCs or translation-PCs, the data makes it clear that the responses of both cell populations, both with regards to their simple spike and complex spike responses, are not 100% selective and contain components related to both tilt and translation. The gain of the response for one component (e.g. tilt) is frequently just 2 or 4 times higher than the gain of the response for the other component (e.g. translation). How this diversity of responses could emerge, or what the functional significance could be for the operation of the circuit, was not addressed in the neural network model.
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docs.google.com docs.google.com
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I should have thought his employment a very easy one, but he used to affirm for some reason or other that his job would be the death of him some day. It was rather mysterious. Perhaps everything naturally was too much trouble for him. He certainly seemed to hate having people in the house. On entering it I thought he must be feeling pleased. It was as still as a tomb. I could see no one in the living rooms; and the verandah, too, was empty, except for a man at the far end dozing prone in a long chair. At the noise of my footsteps he opened one horribly fish-like eye. He was a stranger to me. I retreated from there, and crossing the dining room--a very bare apartment with a motionless punkah hanging over the centre table--I knocked at a door labelled in black letters: “Chief Steward.” The answer to my knock being a vexed and doleful plaint: “Oh, dear! Oh, dear! What is it now?” I went in at once. It was a strange room to find in the tropics. Twilight and stuffiness reigned in there. The fellow had hung enormously ample, dusty, cheap lace curtains over his windows, which were shut. Piles of cardboard boxes, such as milliners and dressmakers use in Europe, cumbered the corners; and by some means he had procured for himself the sort of furniture that might have come out of a respectable parlour in the East End of London--a horsehair sofa, arm-chairs of the same. I glimpsed grimy antimacassars scattered over that horrid upholstery, which was awe-inspiring, insomuch that one could not guess what mysterious accident, need, or fancy had collected it there. Its owner had taken off his tunic, and in white trousers and a thin, short-sleeved singlet prowled behind the chair-backs nursing his meagre elbows. An exclamation of dismay escaped him when he heard that I had come for a stay; but he could not deny that there were plenty of vacant rooms. “Very well. Can you give me the one I had before?” He emitted a faint moan from behind a pile of cardboard boxes on the table, which might have contained gloves or handkerchiefs or neckties. I wonder what the fellow did keep in them? There was a smell of decaying coral, or Oriental dust of zoological speciments in that den of his. I could only see the top of his head and his unhappy eyes levelled at me over the barrier. “It’s only for a couple of days,” I said, intending to cheer him up.“Perhaps you would like to pay in advance?” he suggested eagerly. “Certainly not!” I burst out directly I could speak. “Never heard of such a thing! This is the most infernal cheek. . . .” He had seized his head in both hands--a gesture of despair which checked my indignation. “Oh, dear! Oh, dear! Don’t fly out like this. I am asking everybody.” “I don’t believe it,” I said bluntly. “Well, I am going to. And if you gentlemen all agreed to pay in advance I could make Hamilton pay up, too. He’s always turning up ashore dead broke, and even when he has some money he won’t settle his bills. I don’t know what to do with him. He swears at me and tells me I can’t chuck a white man out into the street here. So if you only would. . . .” I was amazed. Incredulous, too. I suspected the fellow of gratuitous impertinence. I told him with marked emphasis that I would see him and Hamilton hanged first, and requested him to conduct me to my room with no more of his nonsense. He produced then a key from somewhere and led the way out of his lair, giving me a vicious sidelong look in passing. “Any one I know staying here?” I asked him before he left my room. He had recovered his usual pained impatient tone, and said that Captain Giles was there, back from a Solo Sea trip. Two other guests were staying also. He paused. And, of course, Hamilton, he added. “Oh, yes! Hamilton,” I said, and the miserable creature took himself off with a final groan. His impudence still rankled when I came into the dining room at tiffin time. He was there on duty overlooking the Chinamen servants. The tiffin was laid on one end only of the long table, and the punkah was stirring the hot air lazily--mostly above a barren waste of polished wood. We were four around the cloth. The dozing stranger from the chair was one. Both his eyes were partly opened now, but they did not seem to see anything. He was supine. The dignified person next him, with short side whiskers and a carefully scraped chin, was, of course, Hamilton. I have never seen any one so full of dignity for the station in life Providence had been pleased to place him in. I had been told that he regarded me as a rank outsider. He raised not only his eyes, but his eyebrows as well, at the sound I made pulling back my chair.
This section of the text is an example of extract that was removed from the Metropolitan Magazine. The Shadow Line was published in the Metropolitan in 1916 as a serial. The Metropolitan illustrates Conrad’s publication persona due to the nature of the magazine presenting Conrad as a professional writer. Editorial intervention allowed for the cutting of parts from the original manuscript, which takes from The Shadow Line as a literary work and a piece of art. The manuscript acted a cognitive process through the act of writing by hand, which gives insight to the text as a piece of art. With each editorial or authorial edit, this slowly diapered. What can be seen from such a large amount of missing text is the exchange of art as a commodity. This is supported by Davis (2011): "Despite Conrad’s disclaimer, it was certainly art, in the case of his stories, to which they honed access. While Conrad would have objected strenuously to the presentation of his work in terms of how it was cut to fit an issue" (263 Davis). This idea of Conrad allowing for his work to be published in a way that has so much missing from the manuscript does highlight the monetary role of writing as a career and the higher status the Metropolitan had.
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www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
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OTHELLO. Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors, My very noble and approv’d good masters: That I have ta’en away this old man’s daughter, It is most true; true, I have married her. The very head and front of my offending Hath this extent, no more. Rude am I in my speech, And little bless’d with the soft phrase of peace; For since these arms of mine had seven years’ pith, Till now some nine moons wasted, they have us’d Their dearest action in the tented field, And little of this great world can I speak, More than pertains to feats of broil and battle, And therefore little shall I grace my cause In speaking for myself. Yet, by your gracious patience, I will a round unvarnish’d tale deliver Of my whole course of love: what drugs, what charms, What conjuration, and what mighty magic, (For such proceeding I am charged withal) I won his daughter.
What is Othello's tone here? What kind of props do we have to help create the setting? We should ask Jenna Swett if we can film it at her house.
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expo.oucreate.com expo.oucreate.com
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Despite that discrimination, Davis’s father did a good job of shielding him from racism, often explaining the remarks to be “out of jealousy,” so when Sammy was drafted into the army, he first experienced this problem head on (Rosen).
Despite racial discrimination, Davis's father shielded him from racism, often explaining that such remarks were made "out of jealousy"; so it wasn't until Davis was drafted into the army that he first experienced this problem head on" (Rosen).
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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Julius von Soden
Julius Freiherr von Soden (1846-1921) was an administrator and politician in the German colonies. He was appointed the first head commissioner of German Togoland in 1884. In 1885 he was appointed the first governor of Kamerun by Kaiser Wilhelm I. Soden encouraged plantation development in Kamerun and established an advisory council under the governor, an arbitration court, and an initial customs administration. In 1891 Soden was appointed governor of German East Africa which he held until 1893.
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docs.google.com docs.google.com
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vulture
"The Vulture is a large bird of prey with head and neck more or less bare of feathers, feeding chiefly on carrion and reputed to gather with others in anticipation of the death of a sick or injured animal or person."
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human.libretexts.org human.libretexts.org
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MRS HALE: I could've come. I stayed away because it weren't cheerful—and that's why I ought to have come. I—I've never liked this place. Maybe because it's down in a hollow and you don't see the road. I dunno what it is, but it's a lonesome place and always was. I wish I had come over to see Minnie Foster sometimes. I can see now—(shakes her head)
judgemental
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Ah, loyal to your sex, I see. But you and Mrs Wright were neighbors. I suppose you were friends, too. MRS HALE: (shaking her head) I've not seen much of her of late years. I've not been in this house—it's more than a year.
the attorney isn't exactly a feminist
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- Oct 2021
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Local file Local file
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owever, she and others like her speak ofseeing with “my own eyes” parents driving up in Lexus cars to drop their children at agovernmentsupported Head Start program. The government is trying to get her to feel sorry forpeople like that, Janice feels. She’s not having it. Get a job.
despises the government because it promotes laziness
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In this world I think we have two kinds of knowledge: One is Planck knowledge, that of the people who really know. They’ve paid the dues, they have the aptitude. Then we’ve got chauffeur knowledge. They have learned to prattle the talk. They may have a big head of hair. They often have fine timbre in their voices. They make a big impression. But in the end what they’ve got is chauffeur knowledge masquerading as real knowledge.
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docdrop.org docdrop.orgUntitled1
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Right thinking about God exists to serve right feelings for God. Logic exists for the sake of love. Reasoning exists for the sake of rejoicing. Doctrine exists for the sake of delight, Reflection about God exists for the sake of affection for God. The head is meant to serve the heart.
The head is meant to serve the heart. This is interesting.
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As early as in hisDe vera religione, written in Africa soon after his return, he couldassert unambiguously that the head and substance of the Christianreligion was contained in 'the history and prophecy of thetemporal dispensations of divine providence for the salvation ofthe human race' ;4 and there is much about the place of reason andof authority in Christian teaching in his earliest dialogues whichpoints in the same direction.5 He knew that the claim to truth ofChristian teaching stood or fell with the historicity of the eventson which it rests.
The truth of Christian teachings stood on the truth of the events on which it rests. Therefore history is an important method of proving Christian teachings
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It is with a heavy heart and a feeling of shame that I recall this episodenow. I have no idea whether this decent young man went on to marry as hehad planned, or how he managed to pay back those nine pounds’ worth ofcoupons he had borrowed. What I remember most vividly is how, when wewere beating him on the head, he controlled his rage and never fought back,just pushed us away with the palm of his hand
evolução
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Let’s now consider how the revolutionary violence of the CulturalRevolution has continued to rear its head in the course of China’s economicsuccess story of the past thirty years.
summary da passagem
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pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca
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Earth raised up her head
The poem is written from the Earth's perspective ("Earth rais'd up her head / From the darkness dread & drear") and her demoralization in a world corrupted by selfish man.
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pressbooks.bccampus.ca pressbooks.bccampus.caAthena1
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But Athena sprang quickly from the immortal head and stood before Zeus who holds the aegis, shaking a sharp spear: great Olympus began to reel horribly at the might of the bright-eyed goddess, and earth round about cried fearfully, and the sea was moved and tossed with dark waves, while foam burst forth suddenly: the bright Son of Hyperion [ Helios ] stopped his swift-footed horses a long while, until the maiden Pallas Athena had stripped the divine armour from her immortal shoulders
Is this implying that the birth of Athena was apocalyptical in the sense it could impact the gods realm, mankind realm, the earth, the sea, and the heavens?
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www.ted.com www.ted.com
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I started to write about things I recognized.
Maybe she shifted her perspective from writing about things she didn't know about by creating it off the top of her head, to writing about actual things she knows about that she may not find as interesting.
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listen.datasociety.net listen.datasociety.net
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An estimated 8 percent of Americans have worked at least once in this “ghost economy,” and that number is growing. They usually earn less than legal minimums for traditional work, they have no health benefits, and they can be fired at any time for any reason, or none.
The fact that roughy 5% of the population participates in this work and it has only been around for a decade exemplifies its probable growth for the future. Considering this, I think Gray offers a good point in saying that these people should be better compensated for their work, perhaps by receiving a baseline wage, so that they can step away if they are sick or on vacation. It makes me sad to think these people are living their lives online, all the time, with little compensation for the work they are doing, and without identification of the companies they are working for. The fact that Amazon, Google, Facebook, etc. cannot get a rough head count of the people doing this work only further emphasizes how devalued it is.
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en.wikisource.org en.wikisource.org
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Thersites is like to live as long as Agamemnon
Thersites was a soldier of the Greek army during the Trojan War.
Homer described him in detail in the Iliad, Book II, even though he plays only a minor role in the story. He is said to be bow-legged and lame, to have shoulders that cave inward, and a head which is covered in tufts of hair and comes to a point. Vulgar, obscene, and somewhat dull-witted, Thersites disrupts the rallying of the Greek army:
He got up in the assembly and attacked Agamemnon in the words of Achilles [calling him greedy and a coward] ... Odysseus then stood up, delivered a sharp rebuke to Thersites, which he coupled with a threat to strip him naked, and then beat him on the back and shoulders with Agamemnon's sceptre; Thersites doubled over, a warm tear fell from his eye, and a bloody welt formed on his back; he sat down in fear, and in pain gazed helplessly as he wiped away his tear; but the rest of the assembly was distressed and laughed .... There must be a figuration of wickedness as self-evident as Thersites—the ugliest man who came to Troy—who says what everyone else is thinking.
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Herodias
In the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, Herodias plays a major role in John the Baptist's execution, using her daughter's dance before Antipas and his party guests to ask for the head of the Baptist as a reward.
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learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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we head towards the climax of the story.
The story to
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progressive.org progressive.org
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Please try to be clear, dear James, through the storm which rages about your youthful head today, about the reality which lies behind the words "acceptance" and "integration." There is no reason for you to try to become like white men and there is no basis whatever for their impertinent assumption that they must accept you. The really terrible thing, old buddy, is that you must accept them, and I mean that very seriously. You must accept them and accept them with love, for these innocent people have no other hope. They are in effect still trapped in a history which they do not understand and until they understand it, they cannot be released from it. They have had to believe for many years, and for innumerable reasons, that black men are inferior to white men.
Baldwin says there is absolutely no reason for James to aspire to be like white men. He says you must accept them with love and with dignity, for they have no other hope.
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