715 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2022
    1. DICER1 syndrome encompasses a variety of benign and malignant manifestations including multinodular goitre

      Gene: DICER1 PMCID: PMC8451242 PMID: 34552563 Pathogenic Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal Dominant MultipleDiseaseEntities Disease Entity: DICER1 syndrome, multinodular goitre, cystic nephroma, anaplastic renal sarcoma, Wilms tumour, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, gynandroblastoma, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pineoblastoma, pituitary blastoma, kidney cyst, pulmonary cyst, Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor. Mutation: Germline MultipleGeneVariants Variant & Clinvar IDs: c.3452_3453del (485534), c.316del (no ClinVar ID), c.171_172insAC (no ClinVar ID), c.3434del (no ClinVar ID), c.988C>T (933007), c.5388dup (no ClinVar ID) Zygosity: None provided. Case: At time of operation, the goitre patients living in Denmark were ages 21, 12, 21, 8, 14, and 16. Four underwent total thyroidectomies, and two underwent partial thyroidectomies. The patient originally aged 21 previously had a kidney cyst at age 14 and a pulmonary cyst at an unknown age. The patient aged 14 at time of partial thyroidectomy later manifested a Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor at age 15. All six patients were female. CasePresentingHPO: None provided. CasePreviousTesting: thyroidectomy gnomAD: ENSG00000100697.10, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/gene/ENSG00000100697 Mutation Type: Frameshift, Nonsense

    1. DICER1 syndrome is an autosomal-dominant, pleiotropic, tumor-predisposition disorder arising from pathogenic germline variants in DICER1, which encodes an endoribonuclease integral to processing microRNAs (1).

      Gene Name: DICER1 PMCID: PMC5443331 PMID: 28323992 HGNCID: not found Inheritance Pattern: autosomal dominant Disease Entity: thyroid cancer and familial multinodular doiter Mutation: germline loss-of-function mutation Zygosity: not provided Variant: c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.3726C>A; p.Tyr1242a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a Family Information: 145 individuals with a DICER1 germline mutation and 135 controls from 48 families Case: family members used; both males and females used and no significant differences seen among sex; ages range from 20-40 with carriers being significantly younger than controls; no significant differences seen among ethnicity but participants located from the US, UK, and Great Britain CasePresentingHPOs: thyroid cancer or MNG diagnosis common to those with a DICER! mutation but with no chemotherapy or radiation treatment yet CasePreviousTesting: tested levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and serum albumin; thyroid palpation; thyroid ultrasound; Sanger or next-generation sequencing assays gnomAD: n/a Mutation Type: missense

  2. Apr 2022
    1. Payne, R. P., Longet, S., Austin, J. A., Skelly, D. T., Dejnirattisai, W., Adele, S., Meardon, N., Faustini, S., Al-Taei, S., Moore, S. C., Tipton, T., Hering, L. M., Angyal, A., Brown, R., Nicols, A. R., Gillson, N., Dobson, S. L., Amini, A., Supasa, P., … Zawia, A. A. T. (2021). Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Cell, 184(23), 5699-5714.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011

    1. Edward Nirenberg 🇺🇦 [@ENirenberg]. (2021, November 30). This is also not limited to the vaccine- any infection we encounter will do the same thing. It’s how we evolved to get around a massive genetic and bioenergetic challenge and it’s brilliant and it’s happening all the time regardless of any vaccines we get. [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/ENirenberg/status/1465698637434933254

    1. We are 99% confident that the true average “attitude” difference betweenliving environments is between 1.32 and 7.88. At a significance level of 0.01we can say that living in a minority environment is associated with higherscore

      99% confident that the true average (result) is between these two numbers;

      at 1% (0.01) significance, we can scientifically assume there is a causal relationship

  3. Mar 2022
    1. Bellesi, S., Metafuni, E., Hohaus, S., Maiolo, E., Marchionni, F., D’Innocenzo, S., La Sorda, M., Ferraironi, M., Ramundo, F., Fantoni, M., Murri, R., Cingolani, A., Sica, S., Gasbarrini, A., Sanguinetti, M., Chiusolo, P., & De Stefano, V. (2020). Increased CD95 (Fas) and PD-1 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. British Journal of Haematology, 191(2), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17034

    1. Eric Topol. (2022, February 28). A multimodal #AI study of ~54 million blood cells from Covid patients @YaleMedicine for predicting mortality risk highlights protective T cell role (not TH17), poor outcomes of granulocytes, monocytes, and has 83% accuracy https://nature.com/articles/s41587-021-01186-x @NatureBiotech @KrishnaswamyLab https://t.co/V32Kq0Q5ez [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1498373229097799680

  4. Feb 2022
  5. Jan 2022
    1. Paolucci, S., Cassaniti, I., Novazzi, F., Fiorina, L., Piralla, A., Comolli, G., Bruno, R., Maserati, R., Gulminetti, R., Novati, S., Mojoli, F., Baldanti, F., Bruno, R., Mondelli, M., Brunetti, E., Matteo, A. D., Seminari, E., Maiocchi, L., Zuccaro, V., … Ferrari, A. (2021). EBV DNA increase in COVID-19 patients with impaired lymphocyte subpopulation count. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 104, 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.051

    1. Townsend, L., Dyer, A. H., Naughton, A., Kiersey, R., Holden, D., Gardiner, M., Dowds, J., O’Brien, K., Bannan, C., Nadarajan, P., Dunne, J., Martin-Loeches, I., Fallon, P. G., Bergin, C., O’Farrelly, C., Cheallaigh, C. N., Bourke, N. M., & Conlon, N. (2021). Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Patients Shows Age-Associated T Cell Changes Independent of Ongoing Ill-Health. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2021.676932

    1. In his article, Gorbachev says that perestroika was meant for the people and that its goal was to emancipate human beings to give people ownership of their lives and of their country. This stood out to me because the believed it was right to give people freedom which is a great point.

  6. Dec 2021
    1. Heitmann, J. S., Bilich, T., Tandler, C., Nelde, A., Maringer, Y., Marconato, M., Reusch, J., Jäger, S., Denk, M., Richter, M., Anton, L., Weber, L. M., Roerden, M., Bauer, J., Rieth, J., Wacker, M., Hörber, S., Peter, A., Meisner, C., … Walz, J. S. (2021). A COVID-19 peptide vaccine for the induction of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity. Nature, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04232-5

  7. Nov 2021
  8. Sep 2021
    1. John Burn-Murdoch. (2021, August 23). NEW: in the last couple of weeks there have a lot of new studies out assessing vaccine efficacy, many of which have touched on the question of waning immunity. Unsurprisingly, these have prompted a lot of questions. Time for a thread to summarise what we do and don’t know: [Tweet]. @jburnmurdoch. https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch/status/1429878189011111936

  9. Jul 2021
  10. Jun 2021
    1. Parry, H. M., Tut, G., Faustini, S., Stephens, C., Saunders, P., Bentley, C., Hilyard, K., Brown, K., Amirthalingam, G., Charlton, S., Leung, S., Chiplin, E., Coombes, N. S., Bewley, K. R., Penn, E. J., Rowe, C., Otter, A., Watts, R., D’Arcangelo, S., … Moss, P. (2021). BNT162b2 Vaccination in People Over 80 Years of Age Induces Strong Humoral Immune Responses with Cross Neutralisation of P.1 Brazilian Variant. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816840

  11. May 2021
  12. Apr 2021
  13. Mar 2021
  14. Feb 2021
    1. When T-Cells are activated they release cytokines (yes, that cytokine), which trigger additional T-Cells to be made, which then release even more cytokines. One type of T-cells that are created are called cytotoxic T-cells. Cytotoxic T-cells are the cells that are able to roam the body and mercy kill infected cells who are chemically calling out to be killed and ideally to stop the increased production of viruses like COVID-19.
  15. Jan 2021
  16. Dec 2020
  17. www.investopedia.com www.investopedia.com
  18. Oct 2020
  19. Sep 2020
    1. Le Bert, N., Tan, A. T., Kunasegaran, K., Tham, C. Y. L., Hafezi, M., Chia, A., Chng, M. H. Y., Lin, M., Tan, N., Linster, M., Chia, W. N., Chen, M. I.-C., Wang, L.-F., Ooi, E. E., Kalimuddin, S., Tambyah, P. A., Low, J. G.-H., Tan, Y.-J., & Bertoletti, A. (2020). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls. Nature, 584(7821), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2550-z

  20. Aug 2020
    1. Mateus, J., Grifoni, A., Tarke, A., Sidney, J., Ramirez, S. I., Dan, J. M., Burger, Z. C., Rawlings, S. A., Smith, D. M., Phillips, E., Mallal, S., Lammers, M., Rubiro, P., Quiambao, L., Sutherland, A., Yu, E. D., Antunes, R. da S., Greenbaum, J., Frazier, A., … Weiskopf, D. (2020). Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd3871

    1. Ferretti, A. P., Kula, T., Wang, Y., Nguyen, D. M., Weinheimer, A., Dunlap, G. S., Xu, Q., Nabilsi, N., Perullo, C. R., Cristofaro, A. W., Whitton, H. J., Virbasius, A., Olivier, K. J., Baiamonte, L. B., Alistar, A. T., Whitman, E. D., Bertino, S. A., Chattopadhyay, S., & MacBeath, G. (2020). COVID-19 Patients Form Memory CD8+ T Cells that Recognize a Small Set of Shared Immunodominant Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2. MedRxiv, 2020.07.24.20161653. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161653

  21. Jun 2020
  22. May 2020
    1. Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., Marrama, D., de Silva, A. M., Frazier, A., Carlin, A., Greenbaum, J. A., Peters, B., Krammer, F., Smith, D. M., Crotty, S., & Sette, A. (2020). Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals. Cell, S0092867420306103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015

  23. Apr 2020
  24. Oct 2019
    1. Let's make the example even easier. function convertDate<T extends string | undefined>(isoDate?: string): T { return undefined } 'undefined' is assignable to the constraint of type 'T' Means: What you return in the function (undefined), matches the constraints of your generic type parameter T (extends string | undefined). , but 'T' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint 'string | undefined'. Means: TypeScript does not consider that as safe. What if you defined your function like this at compile time: // expects string return type according to generics // but you return undefined in function body const res = convertDate<string>("2019-08-16T16:48:33Z") Then according to your signature, you expect the return type to be string. But at runtime that is not the case! This discrepancy that T can be instantiated with a different subtype (here string) than you return in the function (undefined) is expressed with the TypeScript error.
    1. Based on examples given in https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29049

      Specific link: http://www.typescriptlang.org/play/#code/LAKAZgrgdgxgLgSwPZQARigRgDwBVUCmAHnAVACYDOqlcATglAOYB8AFEQFyq4CU3+AN6hUqOgTgQ6aAEQALAgBtFSVAHckdReQCEM1AHoDAQ2q4A3KAC+oOAE8ADgVQBleseaoAvKnkIZoDAotDT0jEzcbnQeTN6+cv6BwUiKBAB0KkxsGJhstAzMvLygoJCwiCjoUABMeIQkZFSoABK4ALIAMgCiqQC2ZHDsSABGAFYC-DyowiCi4pLSqFAEai3tHQAiCMaZPQT9UHBsRaimPJYgNiCl0PDIaBgAzHXEpBTUw0gpBB5DYwJxMA7SgEXjTaw3cr3KoAFheDXeqE+31+bBG4x4kyEIkMBnmUjQ6Jx+MWQMUIIhIHsTh4dAgBFwjmcPno9IuQSgIWRilwdIIAj5jJpLL57OSqQySCyGBhbG5vPpRRKIDIEF6qC64NmolQAA0ADSoACahoAWtYgA

      and: http://www.typescriptlang.org/play/#code/LAKAZgrgdgxgLgSwPZQARigRgDwBVUCmAHnAVACYDOqlcATglAOYB8AFEQFyq4CU3+AN6hUqOgTgQ6aAEQALAgBtFSVAHckdReQCEM1AHoDAQ2q4A3KAC+oOAE8ADgVQBleseaoAvKnnH9AD6+csbKSDKgMCi0NO7M3G50Hkzewf6R0UiKBAB0KkxsGJhstEnMvLygoJCwiCjoUABMeIQkZFSoABK4ALIAMgCi2QC2ZHDsSABGAFYC-DyowiCi4pLSqFAEal29fQAiCKFITEMEo1BwbBWopjyWIDYg1dDwyGgYAMwtxKQU1JNILIEDwTGYCVJgUKUAi8RbWZ61N4NAAs3zaf1QAKBILYU1mPHmQhEhgMqykaDxxLJ60himh8JA9icPDoEAIuEczh89DZ9yiUBiWMUuFZBAEoo5zO5or5mWyeWOhSgyLYQpFbIqVRAZAgw1QAzhy1EqAAGgAaVAATQtAC1rEA

    1. In the body of the function you have no control over the instantiation by the calling context, so we have to treat things of type T as opaque boxes and say you can't assign to it. A common mistake or misunderstanding was to constraint a type parameter and then assign to its constraint, for example: function f<T extends boolean>(x: T) { x = true; } f<false>(false); This is still incorrect because the constraint only restricts the upper bound, it does not tell you how precise T may really be.
  25. Feb 2019
    1. he names of simple ideas tlie least doubtful. c8. Fr

      So, Locke is trying to establish somewhat of a hierarchy of language based in clarity. Names of simple substances are closest to the Truth of the substance. "Philosophical" words are furthest from Truth because what the concepts/things they represent are most difficult to nail down. I wonder, then, if we can translate this to exploring the human--do we have a hierarchy of understanding? Or a hierarchy of Truest representation?

    2. certain and undoubted

      "Certain and undoubted" brings to mind the classical sense of logos, where it's meaning isn't logic or reasoning (as we tend to think of it now) but is more about the commonly accepted truth. It's a truth that people believe--but that doesn't make it correct. Locke undoubtedly is not intending this meaning but is instead calling for an objective Truth.

    1. Among athousand different opinions which different menmay entenain of the same subject, there is one,and but one, that is just and true;

      Aaaand there we have it, the rejection of relativism that was also in Locke. "Come, John! There is one Truth and we must seek it out!"

  26. Jan 2019
    1. prove

      Interesting that there's this call for "proof," some form of evidence, something tangible that we can point to. Such a desire feels very objective, as though there's some Truth this proof will point to. What would such proofs be?

  27. Sep 2018
  28. Aug 2018
    1. Contributions to the practice and theory of teaching and learning literature, including publications in peer-reviewed and professional journals, conference publications, book chapters, textbooks and open education repositories/resources.

      P&T language supporting Open activities

  29. Nov 2017
    1. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Its life cycle consists of 3 forms, including an oocyst, a tissue cyst, and an active (proliferative) form.

      See also: CDC- Toxoplasmosis

      Toxoplasmosis

      Source of Infection in humans:

      1. Eating under cooked meat of animals harboring tissue cysts
      2. Consuming food or water contaminated with cat feces or by contaminated environmental samples (such as fecal-contaminated soil or changing the litter box of a pet cat)
      3. Blood transfusion or organ transplantation
      4. Transplacentally from mother to fetus

      Sources of T. gondi infection

      Life cycle of T. gondi

  30. Oct 2017
  31. May 2017
  32. Feb 2017
  33. Jan 2017
  34. Oct 2016
  35. Sep 2016
  36. Jul 2016
  37. Jun 2016
  38. Mar 2016
  39. Oct 2015
  40. Jul 2015
    1. Could or would each of the 2.1 million registered users of Airbnb come up with about $120 per year to complete the buy-out of a $2.5 billion dollar company in 10 years? Maybe. The number of users is growing rapidly, which would reduce the buy-in cost for each user. And I, for one, would probably encourage everyone I know to buy in, if Airbnb took the revolutionary step of converting to a cooperative.