217 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2024
    1. Nay, then 'tis with Belvile, for what other Lover have I that dares fight for me, except Antonio? and he is too much in favour with my Brother—if it be he, for whom shall I direct my Prayers to Heav'n?

      As the two man prepare to fight. Florinda is in a moral crisis, unsure whether to pray for her brother or her lover. This is another display of violence by man affecting the ladies.

    1. Arle LommelArle Lommel • Following • Following Senior Analyst at CSA ResearchSenior Analyst at CSA Research 3d • Edited • 3 days ago One of the most interesting aspects of writing about AI and LLMs right now is that if I say anything remotely positive, some people will accuse me of being a shill for Big AI. If I say anything remotely negative, others will accuse me of being insufficiently aware of the progress AI has made.So I will put out a few personal statements about AI that might clarify where I am on this:1. AI is not intelligent, at least not in the human sense of the word. It is a sophisticated tool for drawing inference from binary data and thus operates *below* a symbolic level.2. AI, at least in the guise of LLMs, is not going to achieve artificial general intelligence (AGI) now or in the future.3. AI is getting much better at *approximating* human behavior on a wide variety of tasks. It can be extremely useful without being intelligent, in the same way that an encyclopedia can be very useful without being intelligent.4. For some tasks – such as translating between two languages – LLMs sometimes perform better than some humans perform. They do not outperform the best humans. This poses a significant challenge for human workers that we (collectively) have yet to address: Lower-skilled workers and trainees in particular begin to look replaceable, but we aren’t yet grappling with what happens when we replace them so they never become the experts we need for the high end. I think the decimation of the pipeline for some sectors is a HUGE unaddressed problem.5. “Human parity” is a rather pointless metric for evaluating AI. It far exceeds human parity in some areas – such as throughput, speed, cost, and availability – while it falls far short in other areas. A much more interesting question is “where do humans and machines have comparative advantage and how can we combine the two in ways that elevate the human?”6. Human-in-the-loop (HitL) is a terrible model. Having humans – usually underpaid and overworked – acting in a janitorial role to clean up AI messes is a bad use of their skill and knowledge. That’s why we prefer augmentation models, what we call “human at the core,” where humans maintain control. To see why one is better, imagine if you applied an HitL model to airline piloting, and the human only stepped in when the plane was in trouble (or even after it crashed). Instead, with airline piloting, we have the pilot in charge and assisted by automation to remain safe.7. AI is going to get better than it is now, but improvements in the core technology are slowing down and will increasingly be incremental. However, experience with prompting and integrating data will continue to drive improvements based on humans’ ability to “trick” the systems into doing the right things.8. Much of the value from LLMs for the language sector will come from “translation adjacent” tasks – summarization, correcting formality, adjusting reading levels, checking terminology, discovering information, etc. – tasks that are typically not paid well.

      Arle Lommel Senior Analyst at CSA ResearchSenior Analyst at CSA Research

      One of the most interesting aspects of writing about AI and LLMs right now is that if I say anything remotely positive, some people will accuse me of being a shill for Big AI. If I say anything remotely negative, others will accuse me of being insufficiently aware of the progress AI has made.

      So I will put out a few personal statements about AI that might clarify where I am on this:

      1. AI is not intelligent, at least not in the human sense of the word. It is a sophisticated tool for drawing inference from binary data and thus operates below a symbolic level.

      2. AI, at least in the guise of LLMs, is not going to achieve artificial general intelligence (AGI) now or in the future.

      3. AI is getting much better at approximating human behavior on a wide variety of tasks. It can be extremely useful without being intelligent, in the same way that an encyclopedia can be very useful without being intelligent.

      4. For some tasks – such as translating between two languages – LLMs sometimes perform better than some humans perform. They do not outperform the best humans. This poses a significant challenge for human workers that we (collectively) have yet to address: Lower-skilled workers and trainees in particular begin to look replaceable, but we aren’t yet grappling with what happens when we replace them so they never become the experts we need for the high end. I think the decimation of the pipeline for some sectors is a HUGE unaddressed problem.

      5. “Human parity” is a rather pointless metric for evaluating AI. It far exceeds human parity in some areas – such as throughput, speed, cost, and availability – while it falls far short in other areas. A much more interesting question is “where do humans and machines have comparative advantage and how can we combine the two in ways that elevate the human?”

      6. Human-in-the-loop (HitL) is a terrible model. Having humans – usually underpaid and overworked – acting in a janitorial role to clean up AI messes is a bad use of their skill and knowledge. That’s why we prefer augmentation models, what we call “human at the core,” where humans maintain control. To see why one is better, imagine if you applied an HitL model to airline piloting, and the human only stepped in when the plane was in trouble (or even after it crashed). Instead, with airline piloting, we have the pilot in charge and assisted by automation to remain safe.

      7. AI is going to get better than it is now, but improvements in the core technology are slowing down and will increasingly be incremental. However, experience with prompting and integrating data will continue to drive improvements based on humans’ ability to “trick” the systems into doing the right things.

      8. Much of the value from LLMs for the language sector will come from “translation adjacent” tasks – summarization, correcting formality, adjusting reading levels, checking terminology, discovering information, etc. – tasks that are typically not paid well.

  2. Oct 2024
  3. Sep 2024
  4. inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
    1. “983dpjnom ,pooyuRWIOMJoyooeds1y8y,ouyeuospassaiddnsaq01sem yooads1wyL “yoaadsuMOAur333919pjnomLyempAraqissodjessorddns0)pepusiurasoaseqBuny]eI,JOJPoeataoos]swuaurysrund ayy ‘yoseds poepsemospezrumsa,ou‘spdSuryyedJoyBuTeo,,OUSEM aray, ‘Yoword0}payedaqAepouwiosiyStu [1mBuLAsyaqyeods0]ourpoSeinoouesavyISAAauy ‘hog&u9eq|peH “PHYPIsarpApetnonedasourpue—pyryo ay—oursoua|is0}popusiuyaJo“AAOUL“ssa[pue pawisas yoaadsjo sioeasapJoysjuawysrund oy‘Kes01SS2TP2ON

      In the black southern community, daughters were punished more severely than their brothers. This is because of the already existing gender expectations placed on black women. The girls were always expected to remain quiet, however, it is sometimes possible for boys to interject as they have the possibility to preach in a church.

    2. ‘spudsyUSOpur‘ssoisis‘JoyousJoyYIMpax]elJoyoINOsvpeieUPseySuryoiemJaq“UIaUIaIURD|‘UdWOMypRIqSuoUTeInqaInsyAOYINEsfeUspuJotoUsJOPItppursopowussanag ouaoxydyoo!—uonru80e1puryooedsjoSur-reysouj—onSopeig‘yooeds juroyrusissepespapmouyorJouInqs{qIPAe‘sisnurpunos83yoeqJOPUTTBBWIODaqPINod“InopeuTy9qplnoo—suissry‘sqeamSuTYeUT‘sIopIOBUTAIS—UUIOMYORIJOSPOTOA9t‘poroquisutasaq01319MSPIOMasoT[A‘01pauaist]aq01semOM‘prayoqO1SAL yooodsasoymJoypeardayeuryoRTqataAFTUN“01pouslsy]10UAjdunsstyetyeayI—NoJeay1OUOpIeypsJva01Superotp‘reuNo1uTBUTTE)oT‘kab-O]JOSot UdYoses,‘POOYURUIOMJOyooods148uamp,‘yosodsnO“

      The only speech that was deemed orthodox for women to use, was talking into thin air. By doing that it inherently silenced their voice while giving them the illusion of actually being heard. On the contrary, black male preachers were to be heard and remembered.

    3. ‘ayedionsed01pamoyeJouaJaMauOFIIIwap01pasoyjous‘ayyWoyyomnysSutaqax]aut0} 3195JIetp‘onaodos‘youosa8ensur]vulayodsuswIOMyprq ‘soy,‘payovardoymUsUIOM YORIseIT‘poysT|quise19MIeO}OYpuredATT01MOYJosortAepAraAdou]Soy‘OUTOYatJoYorNYDoy}urIng‘yInypareuTwop-s[euoyulSuTYoevesdonaodjoweay}UTpeT}eo-xooavyAvuIUsxpeG“BuTssny‘searSUTYeUT‘sIepsOSuri‘Ireoy)Sut[TJS2910A$,UdTIOM ‘UMEPJOYORIDatp1eURaqsUOTSsNOSIp palesySOYAsuIOOIWeUTyeads0110UpreyseMI}194APuy‘SULeppueYsuJoovue—308 snoa8einod&sem0]UdyodsJousemdUOUdyUaTyvadsOL,

      The southern black community had a hierarchy for gender roles and children. Black males typically dominated preaching within the church which led to the women being dominate in "preaching" within the household. The kids were not allowed to give their own opinions on the topics discussed within the house as it was seen as them trying to be "equals" with the adults.

  5. Aug 2024
    1. Case: Female Patient #1, Female, Japanese

      DiseaseAssertion: UCD/OTCD

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: Childhood onset (HP:0011463)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Onset at 2 years

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: 16% OTC activity

      CasePreviousTesting:

      Variant: NM_000531.5:c.67C>T (p.Arg23*)

      ClinVarID: 97292

      CAID: CA224742

      gnomAD:

    1. Case: Patient #38, Female, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: UCD/OTCD

      FamilyInfo: No family history of disease, mutation is inherited

      CasePresentingHPOs: Hyperammonemia (HP:0001987), oroticaciduria (HP:0003218), vomiting (HP:0002013), coma (HP:0001259), lethargy (HP:0001254), seizures (HP:0001250), childhood onset (HP:0011463)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Elevated plasma ammonia at 190 umol/L (Normal: 9-30 umol/L), Elevated urinary orotate at 202 mmol/mmol creatinine (Normal: 0-1.5 mmol/mmol creatinine)

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: Normal plasma glutamine at 13.5 umol/L (Normal: 6-30 umol/L), Normal plasma citrulline at 15.75 umol/L (Normal: 7-35 umol/L)

      CasePreviousTesting: gDNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. PCR all coding exons and exon–intron boundaries of the OTC gene using 9 pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers, and the primer sequences and annealing temperature. PCR products were then purified and bidirectionally sequenced. The library was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq4000 and generated 150 bp paired-end reads. Data analysis was performed as previously described [Sun Y, Hu G, Liu H, Zhang X, Huang Z, Yan H, et al. Further delineation of the phenotype of truncating KMT2A mutations: the extended Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2017;173:510–4.]. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed for samples in which Sanger sequencing or WES failed to detect any disease-causing mutation.

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.67C>T (p.Arg23*)

      ClinVarID: 97292

      CAID: CA224742

      gnomAD:

    1. Case: Patient #4, Female, Caucasian

      DiseaseAssertion: UCD/OTCD

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: Hyperammonemia (HP:0001987),

      CaseHPOFreeText: Elevated plasma ammonia concentration at 123 uM/L

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: Anxiety, plasma citrulline at 2 uM/L

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      Variant: NM_000531.5:c.67C>T (p.Arg23*)

      ClinVarID: 97292

      CAID: CA224742

      gnomAD:

    1. Case: Patient #85, Male

      DiseaseAssertion: UCD/OTCD

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs:

      CaseHPOFreeText:

      CaseNOTHPOs: Late Onset

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: Milder phenotype

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.298+1G>T

      ClinVarID: 97160

      CAID: CA224544

      gnomAD:

  6. Jul 2024
    1. Case: patient#5 , female, Italian

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info:

      Case Presenting HPOs: irritability(HP:0000737), lethargy(HP:0001254), vomiting(HP:0002013), Oriticaciduria (HP:0003218), low plasma citrulline (HP:0003572), Elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration(HP:0031964), Elevated circulating aspartate aminotransferase concentration (HP:0031956), childhood onset (HP:0011463)

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cell lines and from frozen liver biopsy as described in Chomczynski and Sacchi (1987). For each patient two cDNA syntheses were performed: 10mg of total RNA with 800-1000 ng of oligo dT or 500ng of specific primer NR, mapping in the 3’UTR of OTC cDNA Identification of genetic lesions by amplification of the OTC mRNA, expressed in the liver tissue and intestine, from a non-specific tissue like PBL or lymphoblastoid cell lines. Some mutations, particularly those affecting splicing sites, may have a different expression in liver and PBL . In females, including manifesting carriers, this method allows the identification of deletions and gene rearrangements with certainty, but mutations, decreasing mRNA stability, are unlikely to be detected because the normal allele will constitute the majority of the RNA available for RT-PCR and will be preferentially amplified.

      Supplemental Data: Case report section Notes: Hepatomegaly. This mutation, previously reported (Reish et al., 1993), has been correlated with a lethal disease form in a male patient, therefore the mild phenotype in our patient could be explained by a not completely unfavorable X-lyonization

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.928G>T(p.Glu310*)

      ClinVarID: 97361

      CAID: CA224838

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: no patient #ID, female Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: NA

      Case Presenting HPOs: NA

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: NA

      Supplemental Data: TABLE 1, Notes: NA

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.77+1G>T

      ClinVarID: 97314

      CAID: CA224774

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: patient #573, male

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info:

      Case Presenting HPOs:hyperammonemia (HP:0001987), Neonatal onset (HP:0003623)

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: GDNA extracted from blood leukocytes using the proteinase K/phenol extraction procedure on a model 340 A nucleic acid extractor (Applied Biosystems). 5mg samples of DNA were digested with BamHI, MspI, or TaqI restriction endonuclease, electrophoresed through 1 % agarose gels, and transferred to a nylon membrane by standard procedures. The blots were then hybridized with a radiolabeled full-length cDNA probe for human OTC.

      Supplemental Data: TABLE 3,

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.67C>T(p.Arg23*)

      ClinVarID:97292

      CAID: CA224742

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    2. Case: patient SM, male

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info:

      Case Presenting HPOs: Hyperammonemia (HP:0001987), Neonatal onset (HP:0003623)

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: GDNA extracted from blood leukocytes using the proteinase K/phenol extraction procedure on a model 340 A nucleic acid extractor (Applied Biosystems). 5mg samples of DNA were digested with BamHI, MspI, or TaqI restriction endonuclease, electrophoresed through 1 % agarose gels, and transferred to a nylon membrane by standard procedures. The blots were then hybridized with a radiolabeled full-length cDNA probe for human OTC.

      Supplemental Data: TABLE 3,

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.274C>T(p.Arg92*)

      ClinVarID:97151

      CAID: CA224530

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: patient #188, male

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs: Neonatal onset (HP:0003623)

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: gDNA testing involves PCR amplification of all 10 exons and exon/intron boundaries followed by screening for mutations or sequencing of all fragments, For these patients, confirmation of the diagnosis requires enzymatic assays. No specifications about the test

      Supplemental Data: TABLE 1

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.835C>T(p.Gln279*)

      ClinVarID: 97341

      CAID: CA224811

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: patient #303, female

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs:

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: No specific functional tests indicated

      Supplemental Data: In supplemental data files

      Variant: NM_000531.6: c.766G>T(p.256Gly*)

      ClinVarID: 870326

      CAID: CA412722685

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    2. Case: patient #198, male

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs: Neonatal onset (HP:0003623)

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: No specific functional tests indicated

      Supplemental Data: In supplemental data files

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.538C>T(p.Gln180*)

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA412724187

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: patient #16, female, Japanese

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs:

      Case HPO FreeText:

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: The severity of missense mutations was assessed using conservation and solvent accessible area of the replaced amino acid, calculated destabilization of mutant proteins and their SIFT and PolyPhen2 scores

      Supplemental Data: Kido_et_al_2022_fgene_Data Sheet 2

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.77+1G>T

      ClinVarID: 97314

      CAID: CA224774

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: patient #56, female, Japanese

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs: ,Hyperammonemia (HP:0001987)

      Case HPO FreeText: N/A

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: The mRNA ref seq were, wherein the “A” nucleotide of the start codon ATG constituted as +1 numbering of the cDNA sequence. Met encoded by the start codon ATG also represented +1 for the amino acid numbering as set forth by the preprotein seq. PolyPhen-2, SIFT, and I-Mutant 3 tools were used for predicting the potential impact of an amino acid alteration in missense mutations on the function of each enzyme.

      Supplemental Data: Table 1, patient had a liver transplant at 12yo.

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.940G>T(p.Glu314*)

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA412726302

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: no patient ID, Female

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs: HP:0003623, HP: 0001987

      Case HPO FreeText: Neonatal onset, hyperammonemia

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: "Genomic DNAs were extracted from leukocytes, The ten exons and intron-exon boundaries of the OTC gene were PCR amplified and analyzed by Sanger sequencing on an ABI3100 sequencer. Intragenic deletions/duplications were searched for by Multiple Ligation Probe Dependent Amplification assay. Potential impact of non truncating variants on mRNA and protein was predicted using Splice Site Prediction. OTC variants were split into two groups, “severe” and “mild,” based on their impact on the clinical phenotype and on the OTC protein.

      Supplemental Data: Table 3, All nuclear family members were tested but no information about their genotype. the condition to be part of this study was the presence of at least one heterozygous female in the pedigree of the patient.

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.766G>T(p.Gly256*)

      ClinVarID: 870326

      CAID: CA412722685

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: Patient #35, female, Korean

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs: HP:0011463, HP:0003218, HP: 0001987

      Case HPO FreeText: childhood onset, oroticaciduria, hyperammonemia

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: "Potential impact of mutations on OTC function and/or folding assessed by multiple alignments of orthologous protein sequences and human OTC and structural data from Protein Data Bank (1C9Y and available orthologs). In M patients, the approximate extent of the deletions assessed by inspection of presence/absence of PCR products. In F patients, the deletions determined by the SALSA multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) KIT P079 OTC (MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and the Affymetrix Human SNP 6.0 array (Santa Clara, CA). Sequence spanning 38,211,736 – 38,300,703 bp region on chromosome X (GRCh37) and including OTC was scanned for motifs CCTCCCT, CCTCCTT, CCTCCCTT, CCCCACCCC, CCNCCNTNNCCNC, GGNGGNAGGG and their complements known as being associated with recombination hotspots. Repeats capable of non-B DNA structure formation implicated in double strand breaks (DSBs) were sought by complexity analysis . X-inactivation ratio determined by analysis of methylation status of the human androgen-receptor locus (HUMARA)

      Supplemental Data: Table 1&2, This is a large deletion. The minimum plasma ammonia, orotic acid and Gln+Glu concentrations depends on certain age range: Plasma ammonia: neonates <90μmol/l, other <60μmol/l. Urinary orotic acid: 0–1year <6.6mmol/mol creatinine, 1 – 10 years <3.5 mmol/mol creatinine, over 10 years <2.4 mmol/mol creatinine. Serum glutamate + glutamine: 0 – 1 month 200–1200μmol/l, 1 month–1year 200–1100μmol/l, 1year–18years 200–900μmol/l, over 18years 200–800μmol/l.

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.853C>T(p.Gln285*)

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA412723777

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    2. Case: Patient #34, female, Korean

      Disease Assertion: UCD/OTCD

      Family Info: N/A

      Case Presenting HPOs: HP:0011463, HP:0003218, HP: 0001987

      Case HPO FreeText: childhood onset, oroticaciduria, hyperammonemia

      Case NOT HPOs:

      Case NOT HPO Free Text:

      Case Previous Testing: "Potential impact of mutations on OTC function and/or folding assessed by multiple alignments of orthologous protein sequences and human OTC and structural data from Protein Data Bank (1C9Y and available orthologs). In M patients, the approximate extent of the deletions assessed by inspection of presence/absence of PCR products. In F patients, the deletions determined by the SALSA multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) KIT P079 OTC (MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and the Affymetrix Human SNP 6.0 array (Santa Clara, CA). Sequence spanning 38,211,736 – 38,300,703 bp region on chromosome X (GRCh37) and including OTC was scanned for motifs CCTCCCT, CCTCCTT, CCTCCCTT, CCCCACCCC, CCNCCNTNNCCNC, GGNGGNAGGG and their complements known as being associated with recombination hotspots. Repeats capable of non-B DNA structure formation implicated in double strand breaks (DSBs) were sought by complexity analysis . X-inactivation ratio determined by analysis of methylation status of the human androgen-receptor locus (HUMARA)

      Supplemental Data: Table 1&2, This is a manifesting heterozygote. Serum Gln+Glu was considered elevated. The minimum plasma ammonia, orotic acid and Gln+Glu concentrations depends on certain age range: Plasma ammonia: neonates <90μmol/l, other <60μmol/l. Urinary orotic acid: 0–1year <6.6mmol/mol creatinine, 1 – 10 years <3.5 mmol/mol creatinine, over 10 years <2.4 mmol/mol creatinine. Serum glutamate + glutamine: 0 – 1 month 200–1200μmol/l, 1 month–1year 200–1100μmol/l, 1year–18years 200–900μmol/l, over 18years 200–800μmol/l.

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.717+1G>T(IVS7+1G>T)

      ClinVarID: 97298

      CAID: CA224753

      gnomAD:

      Gene Name: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: Patient #42, female, Korean

      DiseaseAssertion: UCD/OTCD

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0011463, HP:0001987, HP:0003218

      CaseHPOFreeText: Childhood onset, hyperammonemia, oroticaciduria

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText:

      CasePreviousTesting: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. A total of 10 coding exons and exon–intron boundaries of the OTC gene were amplified by PCR with customized primers. PCR products were directly sequenced with the same primers . Sequencing results were compared with the established human OTC sequences(NM_000531.5). Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed for patients in whom no OTC mutations were identified by direct sequencing using the OTC MLPA kit.

      Supplemental Data: Table 1, no range was given for blood ammonia concentration, range given in the tables for glutamine and urine orotate is slightly different than the one in the results paragraphs.

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.958C>T(p.Arg320*)

      ClinVarID: 97371

      CAID:CA285809

      gnomAD:

      GeneName: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

    1. Case: Patient #52, female, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: UCD/OTCD

      FamilyInfo: family history of the disease, variant in probands mother and father

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0011463, HP:0001987, HP:0003218, HP:0003572

      CaseHPOFreeText: childhood onset,, hyperammonemia, oroticaciduria, low plasma citrulline

      CaseNOTHPOs:

      CaseNOTHPOFreeText: neurological damage

      CasePreviousTesting: gDNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. PCR all coding exons and exon–intron boundaries of the OTC gene using 9 pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers, and the primer sequences and annealing temperature. PCR products were then purified and bidirectionally sequenced. The library was sequenced using Illumina HiSeq4000 and generated 150 bp paired-end reads. Data analysis was performed as previously described [Sun Y, Hu G, Liu H, Zhang X, Huang Z, Yan H, et al. Further delineation of the phenotype of truncating KMT2A mutations: the extended Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2017;173:510–4.]. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed for samples in which Sanger sequencing or WES failed to detect any disease-causing mutation.

      SupplementalData: Table 3, inherited mutation, drug treatment(L-arginine, L-Citrulline, sodium benzoate, and sodium phenylbutyrate), low protein diet treatment, and continuous veno venous hemodialfiltration

      Variant: NM_000531.6:c.703C>T

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA412721652

      gnomAD:

      GeneName: OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase)

  7. Jun 2024
  8. Apr 2024
  9. Mar 2024
    1. 詹益鑑 Verified account  · 45m  · Shared with PublicAI 真的取代了一些工作嗎?或者造成一些工作的薪資降低?今天看到這篇實際分析的文章,從2022 年11 月1 日(ChatGPT 發布前一個月)到2024 年2 月14 日,在 Upwork 的自由工作者資料中,分析出幾個事實:1. 下降幅度最大的 3 個類別是寫作、翻譯和客戶服務工作。寫作職位數量下降了 33%,翻譯職位數量下降了 19%,客戶服務職位數量下降了 16%2. 影片編輯/製作工作成長了 39%,圖形設計工作成長了 8%,網頁設計工作成長了 10%。軟體開發職缺也有所​​增加,其中後端開發職缺成長了 6%,前端/Web 開發職缺成長了 4%3. 翻譯絕對是受打擊最嚴重的工作,每小時工資下降了 20% 以上,其次是影片編輯/製作和市場研究。平面設計和網頁設計工作是最具彈性的。兩人不僅數量增加了,而且時薪也增加了一些。4. 自 ChatGPT 和 OpenAI API 發布以來,與開發聊天機器人相關的工作數量激增了 2000%。如果說當今人工智慧有一個殺手級用例,那就是開發聊天機器人。

      下降幅度最大的 3 個類別是寫作、翻譯和客戶服務工作

      寫作職位數量下降了 33%,翻譯職位數量下降了 19%,客戶服務職位數量下降了 16%

      翻譯絕對是受打擊最嚴重的工作,每小時工資下降了 20% 以上

  10. Jan 2024
    1. "If we give it to aged mice, they rejuvenate. If we give it to young mice, they age slower. No other therapy right now can do this

      for - CAR T cells - anti aging - eliminate senescent cells in mice. - quote - anti aging - CAR T cells

      quote - (see below)

      • If we give it to aged mice, they rejuvenate.
      • If we give it to young mice, they age slower.
      • No other therapy right now can do this,
      • author: Amor Vegas
    2. for - CAR T cells - research - anti aging - adjacency - CAR T cells - Michael Levin - Cold Spring Harbor Lab - Corina Amor Vegas - senescent cells - fountain of youth

  11. Oct 2023
  12. Aug 2023
    1. 那么,如何让发起请求的时候,使用我们小号的私钥呢?我们先来看一下执行 clone 代码时候,仓库源那个以 git 开头的链接是什么意思:

      给目标服务器配置别名

  13. May 2023
    1. Muthu scowled. “I have to write I won’t be rude to myteachers one hundred times.”

      on the matilda movie she has to do that

    2. “That’s because Rukku is gone, Arul! She’s gone because of me.If I hadn’t forced her to leave home—”

      i once saw a serie (flash) where the protagonist blamed herself for everything

    3. He asked how I was doing, and when, as usual, I just said,“Fine,” he wouldn’t let me get away with it.“No,” he said. “You’re not fine, Viji.”I said nothing.

      mom asks me how school was and this is always how it plays out

    4. “I don’t mind if you have no faith in religion, Viji. Just as longas you have faith in the goodness within yourself.

      my mother told me this berfore aswell

    5. I’m not mean about any one religion,” I said. “They’re allequally silly.

      i agree

    6. Soon, I’d setthe whole place yawning.

      this same thing happens when augusto shouts "BREEEK"

    7. Celina Aunty called me into the schoolroom andmotioned me toward one of the empty desks.“Sit,” she ordered. “Write.”“Write?” I said. “Why?”

      right when i was going to sleep my mother made me write and practice to pass a test

    8. I tried a few times but kept choking up, unable to get beyondthe first sentences.

      when i get exited or sad the same happens to me

    9. hen I saw him—scrubbed clean by a nurse, with his hair cutshort and washed and brushed—I could hardly believe it wasMuthu.

      when i take a bath i look 10x prettier aswell

    10. “Life isn’t fair.

      famous quote

    11. Muthu lay in beds near one another. You were each hooked upto a contraption that dripped medicine and food and water into yourveins,

      my cousin has once been in this situation

    12. “Did you use mosquitonets?” “Did you boil the water before you drank it?” “Whatmedication did you try to give her?”

      doctors ask the exact same questions to my mother when i go to a hospital

    13. “Rich boys, for sure,” Arul said. “You have to be rich to wastetime going on escapades at night instead of catching up on precioussleep

      i do homework in the middle of the night

    14. Arul placed his candle beside the others. You watched asintently as when you made your bead necklaces.

      ive done this before

    15. As we walked away, you and Muthu started playing a game,tossing a bit of concrete into the air like a ball and trying to catch itagain before it fell.

      i do this with a tenis ball and i catch it with a punch to practice

    16. The drone of bloodthirsty mosquitoes had wokenme several times during the night, and my arms itched with bites.

      This was a huge problem for me when i didnt have a ventilator, i would have to sleep in the couch but sometimes they followed

    17. My voice came out all panicky. I had avision of a ghost swallowing you whole.

      i had a dream i was escaping a ghost

    18. But I cared. I cared about him as strongly as if we’d known eachother all our lives. I couldn’t imagine our future without him andMuthu in it.

      i also met a girl in 5th grade which i loved, and i cared about her like i met her my whole life, but she left...

    19. But my dad was the best fisherman in our village.

      my father is also a good fisherman

    20. I felt too excited to sleep, so I sneaked out to join him.

      this happened once in a sleepover

    21. “Don’t you ever think about the future?” I challenged him.“No,” Muthu said. “There’s enough to worry about every daywithout worrying about tomorrow.”

      seems like the procrastinator version of me

    22. You set it free, Rukku,” I cut him short. “Now it can goanywhere it feels like. That was really nice of you.”

      i once did that because i thought it would go to space and find aliens

    23. “Life isn’t a competition.”

      this was said by Matthew west

    24. Sullen faced, the boy named Sridar stepped away as Arul joinedus.“How are you, Kumar?” Arul said to the fuzzy-lipped boy.“Look, this is our place,” Kumar replied. “It’s okay for you tocome here, but you can’t bring along every new kid in the city.”“Enough here for us all to share,” Arul said.

      this is just like an event of a movie i watched

    25. I slowly rolled the spicy yellow mixture of rice and vegetablesand meat into little balls with my fingers and licked the sauce offmy hands.

      this is exactly what skellig used to do

    26. “You really never pray?” Arul looked horrified. “Even the wrongGods are better than no God.”

      heard that before

    27. It sounded like our father, O. R. T. Narayan,something something—all in English, not Tamil like Amma’sprayers.

      i recognize this prayer and i used to preach it in the USA

    28. Still, I felt thankful. Thankful we had at least that much. Mostof all, thankful that you were following me without a fuss, withKutti at your heels.

      on skellig whisper was at her heels

    29. “Give me something,” she whined. “I have to look after mybrother. See him?” She gestured at a small boy—stark naked—whowas sleeping behind her.

      this situation happened to my family when we went to egypt

    30. She sat with you, showing you ways to tie pretty knots and braidstrands together.

      i tried to learn that when i was in a school on the USA

    31. I looked behind us to see whom he was shooing.“You!” he yelled. “Get that dog away from my shop!”“It’s a good dog . . .” I began, but the man shook his fist at us.Kutti growled. I picked him up and held his squirming bodytight.

      there is a movie where dogs are prohibited in a hotel but someone manages to sneak one in

    32. “No banana?”“No, sorry.”“Papaya?” you suggested.“No.”“Guava?”“No. No pomegranate, no jackfruit, no oranges, no sapotes, nosweet limes. No nothing.”

      seems like my fridge

    33. “Want to come for a swim?” Muthu grinned at you. “The water’snice and cool.”

      i like swimming

    34. I couldn’t help petting him. His coat was smooth. He wiggledand sniffed my hand.

      same, cant help petting my dog no matter what

    35. “Get away from that puppy, Rukku. It might bite.”

      My dog loves to bite

    36. Homesicknesspinched my heart for a moment. I thought of the rare weekendswhen Appa was away and Amma had enough energy to join us so wecould cook a meal together.

      how i felt when going to the nr

    37. The smell of roasting chillis tickled my nose

      the smell of crabs makes me feel that way

    38. The conductor looked at me and then at you, and stuck a handin his pocket and pulled out a hard green sweet that had melted outof shape.

      i have been to ubers that have this function

    39. But I should have known she’d never tell.

      On Breaking Bad the mother would never tell, despite desperately wanting to tell her husband's secret

    40. he set packages wrapped in newspaper onthe cracked kitchen counter. “Presents for my girls.”

      My father also gave me a wrapped present once

    41. She didn’t finish her sentence. She didn’t need to. She’d told mea million times how scared she was that if you set foot in a hospital,the doctors might lock you away in “a mental institution.”

      On a book i read a person died because they were too scared to go to the doctor for the same reason.

    42. We’d just finished our dinner when we heard Appa’s heavyfootsteps. The sound of him staggering up the stairs to ourapartment told us all we needed to know.

      This situation is similar, when my father arrives his footsteps are heavy so i know he arrived.

  14. Apr 2023
    1. For many people, “Camelot” is more familiar as a metaphor than as a musical — it depicts a noble effort to create a just society, often associated with the Kennedy administration, because Jacqueline Kennedy, in an interview shortly after President John F. Kennedy’s assassination, mentioned her husband’s fondness for the show, and quoted a final lyric: “Don’t let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief shining moment, that was known as Camelot.”

      The Kennedy administration became culturally associated with Camelot because Jacqueline Kennedy mentioned her husband's affinity for the show in an interview with Theodore H. White for LIFE Magazine following his death and quoted the show's closing lyric: “Don’t let it be forgot, that once there was a spot, for one brief shining moment, that was known as Camelot.”


      Somewhat curious that there's T. H. White of The Once and Future King and a separate Theodore H. White who interviewed Jackie Kennedy following her husband's death with mentions of Camelot.

  15. Mar 2023
    1. Some people argue that the Welch’s t-test should be the default choice for comparing the means of two independent groups since it performs better than the Student’s t-test when sample sizes and variances are unequal between groups, and it gives identical results when sample sizes are variances are equal. In practice, when you are comparing the means of two groups it’s unlikely that the standard deviations for each group will be identical. This makes it a good idea to just always use Welch’s t-test, so that you don’t have to make any assumptions about equal variances.
    1. A new breach involving data from nine million AT&T customers is a fresh reminder that your mobile provider likely collects and shares a great deal of information about where you go and what you do with your mobile device — unless and until you affirmatively opt out of this data collection. Here’s a primer on why you might want to do that, and how.
  16. Jan 2023
  17. www.investopedia.com www.investopedia.com
    1. T-Test: What It Is With Multiple Formulas and When To Use Them

      https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/t-test.asp A t-test is an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups and how they are related. T-tests are used when the data sets follow a normal distribution and have unknown variances, like the data set recorded from flipping a coin 100 times.

  18. Dec 2022
  19. Nov 2022
    1. Pg. 52, 53, & 54

      • Dietrich Bonheoffer, the 1st German lutheran Pator and theologians opposed Adolf Hitler's anti-semitic legislation called the Aryan Clause on April 7, 1933
      • Reich church damded loyalty oath from all German Protestants who held church offices
      • Bonheoffer refused and took lead in the alternative, confessing church movement
      • he helped many jews escape the Germans as well as training other church leaders to do the same
      • In June 1939 Bonhoeffer went to the U.S for the sake of his safety
      • Bonheoffer specializes in theology
      • He felt a calling to be involved in church and national affairs
      • Bonheoffer worried that he is leaving god behind because he is not following his calling by staying to the U.S
      • He was not allowed to return to Germany and this worried him
      • June 20th, he feels uneasy and wishes to return home because God is giving him a sign "The reasons one gives for an action to others and to one's self are certainly inadequate... In the last resort one acts from a level which remains hidden from us. So we can only ask God to judge and forgive us.. it is now in his hands" (Cahalan, 54)
      • July 9, 1939 he returns to Germany and resumes his efforts to resit hitlier and the Reich
      • He wanted to assassinate Hitler (pg. 54)
      • April 5, 1943 he was arrested for his activity in the underground resistance movement
  20. Oct 2022
    1. [T.S.] Eliot stood—as he once famously said of himself—for conservatism in politics, classicism in literature, and Catholicism, or rather Anglo-Catholicism, in religion. He looked back into the past, the mediaeval past, as a confirmed laudator temporis acti and in the mediaeval past he looked back not only to John Donne among the metaphysical poets, nor only to William Shakespeare among the Elizabethan dramatists, but before them to the great Dante among Italian poets and behind Dante, though not so obviously, to St. Thomas Aquinas among the scholastic theologians. (From "T.S. Eliot's Metaphysics" by Peter Milward, Culture and Civilization 2009.)
    1. However, its tails are thicker than the normal distribution’s, meaning observations are more likely to fall beyond two standard deviations from the mean than under the normal distribution.

      This is what Dr. Herring meant by "fatter tails."

      Below is why.

  21. Aug 2022
  22. Jun 2022
    1. In the 1920s and ’30s, the NRA was at the forefront of legislative efforts to enact gun control. The organization’s president at the time was Karl T. Frederick, a Princeton- and Harvard-educated lawyer known as “the best shot in America”—a title he earned by winning three gold medals in pistol-shooting at the 1920 Summer Olympic Games. As a special consultant to the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, Frederick helped draft the Uniform Firearms Act, a model of state-level gun-control legislation.
  23. May 2022
    1. DICER1 syndrome encompasses a variety of benign and malignant manifestations including multinodular goitre

      Gene: DICER1 PMCID: PMC8451242 PMID: 34552563 Pathogenic Inheritance Pattern: Autosomal Dominant MultipleDiseaseEntities Disease Entity: DICER1 syndrome, multinodular goitre, cystic nephroma, anaplastic renal sarcoma, Wilms tumour, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, gynandroblastoma, ciliary body medulloepithelioma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pineoblastoma, pituitary blastoma, kidney cyst, pulmonary cyst, Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor. Mutation: Germline MultipleGeneVariants Variant & Clinvar IDs: c.3452_3453del (485534), c.316del (no ClinVar ID), c.171_172insAC (no ClinVar ID), c.3434del (no ClinVar ID), c.988C>T (933007), c.5388dup (no ClinVar ID) Zygosity: None provided. Case: At time of operation, the goitre patients living in Denmark were ages 21, 12, 21, 8, 14, and 16. Four underwent total thyroidectomies, and two underwent partial thyroidectomies. The patient originally aged 21 previously had a kidney cyst at age 14 and a pulmonary cyst at an unknown age. The patient aged 14 at time of partial thyroidectomy later manifested a Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor at age 15. All six patients were female. CasePresentingHPO: None provided. CasePreviousTesting: thyroidectomy gnomAD: ENSG00000100697.10, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/gene/ENSG00000100697 Mutation Type: Frameshift, Nonsense

    1. DICER1 syndrome is an autosomal-dominant, pleiotropic, tumor-predisposition disorder arising from pathogenic germline variants in DICER1, which encodes an endoribonuclease integral to processing microRNAs (1).

      Gene Name: DICER1 PMCID: PMC5443331 PMID: 28323992 HGNCID: not found Inheritance Pattern: autosomal dominant Disease Entity: thyroid cancer and familial multinodular doiter Mutation: germline loss-of-function mutation Zygosity: not provided Variant: c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.1870C>T; p.Arg624a, c.3726C>A; p.Tyr1242a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a, c.3675C>G; p.Tyr1225a Family Information: 145 individuals with a DICER1 germline mutation and 135 controls from 48 families Case: family members used; both males and females used and no significant differences seen among sex; ages range from 20-40 with carriers being significantly younger than controls; no significant differences seen among ethnicity but participants located from the US, UK, and Great Britain CasePresentingHPOs: thyroid cancer or MNG diagnosis common to those with a DICER! mutation but with no chemotherapy or radiation treatment yet CasePreviousTesting: tested levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and serum albumin; thyroid palpation; thyroid ultrasound; Sanger or next-generation sequencing assays gnomAD: n/a Mutation Type: missense

  24. Apr 2022
    1. Payne, R. P., Longet, S., Austin, J. A., Skelly, D. T., Dejnirattisai, W., Adele, S., Meardon, N., Faustini, S., Al-Taei, S., Moore, S. C., Tipton, T., Hering, L. M., Angyal, A., Brown, R., Nicols, A. R., Gillson, N., Dobson, S. L., Amini, A., Supasa, P., … Zawia, A. A. T. (2021). Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Cell, 184(23), 5699-5714.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011

    1. Edward Nirenberg 🇺🇦 [@ENirenberg]. (2021, November 30). This is also not limited to the vaccine- any infection we encounter will do the same thing. It’s how we evolved to get around a massive genetic and bioenergetic challenge and it’s brilliant and it’s happening all the time regardless of any vaccines we get. [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/ENirenberg/status/1465698637434933254

    1. In this case, for a test to be statistically significant, p-value must be lower than 0.05.

      statistical significance should be less than 5%

      tf your confidence that the results are not due to chance is 95%

    1. We are 99% confident that the true average “attitude” difference betweenliving environments is between 1.32 and 7.88. At a significance level of 0.01we can say that living in a minority environment is associated with higherscore

      99% confident that the true average (result) is between these two numbers;

      at 1% (0.01) significance, we can scientifically assume there is a causal relationship

  25. Mar 2022
    1. Bellesi, S., Metafuni, E., Hohaus, S., Maiolo, E., Marchionni, F., D’Innocenzo, S., La Sorda, M., Ferraironi, M., Ramundo, F., Fantoni, M., Murri, R., Cingolani, A., Sica, S., Gasbarrini, A., Sanguinetti, M., Chiusolo, P., & De Stefano, V. (2020). Increased CD95 (Fas) and PD-1 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. British Journal of Haematology, 191(2), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17034

    1. Eric Topol. (2022, February 28). A multimodal #AI study of ~54 million blood cells from Covid patients @YaleMedicine for predicting mortality risk highlights protective T cell role (not TH17), poor outcomes of granulocytes, monocytes, and has 83% accuracy https://nature.com/articles/s41587-021-01186-x @NatureBiotech @KrishnaswamyLab https://t.co/V32Kq0Q5ez [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1498373229097799680

  26. Feb 2022
  27. Jan 2022
    1. Paolucci, S., Cassaniti, I., Novazzi, F., Fiorina, L., Piralla, A., Comolli, G., Bruno, R., Maserati, R., Gulminetti, R., Novati, S., Mojoli, F., Baldanti, F., Bruno, R., Mondelli, M., Brunetti, E., Matteo, A. D., Seminari, E., Maiocchi, L., Zuccaro, V., … Ferrari, A. (2021). EBV DNA increase in COVID-19 patients with impaired lymphocyte subpopulation count. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 104, 315–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.051

    1. Townsend, L., Dyer, A. H., Naughton, A., Kiersey, R., Holden, D., Gardiner, M., Dowds, J., O’Brien, K., Bannan, C., Nadarajan, P., Dunne, J., Martin-Loeches, I., Fallon, P. G., Bergin, C., O’Farrelly, C., Cheallaigh, C. N., Bourke, N. M., & Conlon, N. (2021). Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Patients Shows Age-Associated T Cell Changes Independent of Ongoing Ill-Health. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2021.676932

    1. In his article, Gorbachev says that perestroika was meant for the people and that its goal was to emancipate human beings to give people ownership of their lives and of their country. This stood out to me because the believed it was right to give people freedom which is a great point.

  28. Dec 2021
    1. Heitmann, J. S., Bilich, T., Tandler, C., Nelde, A., Maringer, Y., Marconato, M., Reusch, J., Jäger, S., Denk, M., Richter, M., Anton, L., Weber, L. M., Roerden, M., Bauer, J., Rieth, J., Wacker, M., Hörber, S., Peter, A., Meisner, C., … Walz, J. S. (2021). A COVID-19 peptide vaccine for the induction of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity. Nature, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04232-5

  29. Nov 2021
    1. I have used the Oxford text of T. W. Allen, 2nd edition, and followed itexcept in a very few places

      The source of the translation of the Odyssey by Richmond Lattimore is the 2nd edition of the Oxford text of T. W. Allen.

  30. Sep 2021
    1. John Burn-Murdoch. (2021, August 23). NEW: in the last couple of weeks there have a lot of new studies out assessing vaccine efficacy, many of which have touched on the question of waning immunity. Unsurprisingly, these have prompted a lot of questions. Time for a thread to summarise what we do and don’t know: [Tweet]. @jburnmurdoch. https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch/status/1429878189011111936

  31. Jul 2021