> for - stats - addiction - tobacco - average duration - 25 years

> for - stats - addiction - alcohol - average duration - 15 years

> for - stats - addiction - marijuana - average duration - 6 years

> for - stats - addiction - cocaine - average duration - 4 years

Looks well-written, but probably not needed in a Rails project, which already has ActiveSupport for dealing with duration and periods

# Plural is preferred, as in "1 or more days". def initialize(count = 1, unit = :days)

meat: https://github.com/ankane/timerange/blob/master/lib/timerange.rb

It looks like bucket just returns a start time for the given period. - For a :day period, takes the starting time and goes to the beginning of the day - etc.

Accents: Contrast is created by means of highlighting certain elements of the music, either regularly or irregularly. When timbre or duration are not at play, accents are the only rhythmic criteria. Timbre: Contrast is produced by hearing/playing different tone colors in turn, either regularly or irregularly. When accents or duration are not at play, timbre is the only rhythmic criterion. Duration: Contrast is produced by the succession of unequal time val- ues. When accents or timbre are not at play, durations are the only rhythmic criteria. 16 As for meter, Arom adds that “it is in fact the most elementary manifestation of rhythm,” 17 made of identical durations with regular stress patterns. Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff suggest other definitions of the accent, of which they see three types:

Karim, S. S. A., & Karim, Q. A. (2021). Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6

Kim, H., Rebholz, C. M., Hegde, S., LaFiura, C., Raghavan, M., Lloyd, J. F., Cheng, S., & Seidelmann, S. B. (2021). Plant-based diets, pescatarian diets and COVID-19 severity: A population-based case–control study in six countries. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, 4(1), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000272

Kissler, S., Fauver, J. R., Mack, C., Tai, C. G., Breban, M. I., Watkins, A. E., Samant, R. M., Anderson, D. J., Ho, D. D., Grubaugh, N. D., & Grad, Y. (2021). Densely sampled viral trajectories suggest longer duration of acute infection with B.1.1.7 variant relative to non-B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37366884

Sy, Karla Therese L., Laura F. White, and Brooke E. Nichols. ‘Population Density and Basic Reproductive Number of COVID-19 across United States Counties’. PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (21 April 2021): e0249271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249271.

Wright, Kenneth P., Sabrina K. Linton, Dana Withrow, Leandro Casiraghi, Shannon M. Lanza, Horacio de la Iglesia, Celine Vetter, and Christopher M. Depner. “Sleep in University Students Prior to and during COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders.” Current Biology 30, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): R797–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.022.

Jones. N. R., (2020) Two metres or one: what is the evidence for physical distancing in covid-19? thebmj. Retrieved from: https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3223

Giles, J. R., Erbach-Schoenberg, E. zu, Tatem, A. J., Gardner, L., Bjørnstad, O. N., Metcalf, C. J. E., & Wesolowski, A. (2020). The duration of travel impacts the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36), 22572–22579. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922663117

Kahn, R., Kennedy-Shaffer, L., Grad, Y. H., Robins, J. M., & Lipsitch, M. (n.d.). Potential Biases Arising from Epidemic Dynamics in Observational Seroprotection Studies. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwaa188

Cevik, M., Tate, M., Lloyd, O., Maraolo, A. E., Schafers, J., & Ho, A. (2020). SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding and infectiousness: A living systematic review and meta-analysis. MedRxiv, 2020.07.25.20162107. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.25.20162107

Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z. B., Glaeser, E. L., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. T. (2020). How Are Small Businesses Adjusting to COVID-19? Early Evidence from a Survey (Working Paper No. 26989; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26989

Alvarez, F. E., Argente, D., & Lippi, F. (2020). A Simple Planning Problem for COVID-19 Lockdown (Working Paper No. 26981; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26981

Barro, R. J. (2020). Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and Mortality in U.S. Cities during the Great Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919 (Working Paper No. 27049; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27049

Mandavilli, A. (2020, July 22). Can You Get Covid-19 Again? It’s Very Unlikely, Experts Say. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/health/covid-antibodies-herd-immunity.html

If Sick-​Leave Becomes More Costly, Will I Go Back to Work? Could It Be Too Soon?. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13379/

Briscese, G., Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Tonin, M. (2020). Compliance with COVID-19 Social-Distancing Measures in Italy: The Role of Expectations and Duration (Working Paper No. 26916; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26916

Pindyck, R. S. (2020). COVID-19 and the Welfare Effects of Reducing Contagion (Working Paper No. 27121; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27121

Chodorow-Reich, G., & Coglianese, J. (2020). Projecting Unemployment Durations: A Factor-Flows Simulation Approach With Application to the COVID-19 Recession (Working Paper No. 27566; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27566

Zhou, Q., Chen, V., Shannon, C. P., Wei, X.-S., Xiang, X., Wang, X., Wang, Z.-H., Tebbutt, S. J., Kollmann, T. R., & Fish, E. N. (2020). Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01061

Edridge, A. W., Kaczorowska, J. M., Hoste, A. C., Bakker, M., Klein, M., Jebbink, M. F., Matser, A., Kinsella, C., Rueda, P., Prins, M., Sastre, P., Deijs, M., & Hoek, L. van der. (2020). Coronavirus protective immunity is short-lasting. MedRxiv, 2020.05.11.20086439. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.11.20086439

Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Li, Q., Deng, H.-J., Yuan, J., Hu, J.-L., Xu, W., Zhang, Y., Lv, F.-J., Su, K., Zhang, F., Gong, J., Wu, B., Liu, X.-M., Li, J.-J., Qiu, J.-F., Chen, J., & Huang, A.-L. (2020). Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nature Medicine, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6

Corona-Umfrage: Soll der Lockdown weitergehen? (2020, April 15). BR24. https://www.br.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/corona-umfrage-soll-der-lockdown-weitergehen,Rw8r84L

Tuite, A. R., Greer, A. L., De Keninck, S., & Fisman, D. N. (2020). Risk for COVID-19 Resurgence Related to Duration and Effectiveness of Physical Distancing in Ontario, Canada. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-2945

Guan, D., Wang, D., Hallegatte, S., Davis, S. J., Huo, J., Li, S., Bai, Y., Lei, T., Xue, Q., Coffman, D., Cheng, D., Chen, P., Liang, X., Xu, B., Lu, X., Wang, S., Hubacek, K., & Gong, P. (2020). Global supply-chain effects of COVID-19 control measures. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0896-8

The temporal duration used in the time filtering criteria are fairly large (24-hours). With such a large unit of analysis in the tornado charts, I wonder if more subtle activity may be present?

Also, I haven't yet read a recommendation by the authors about changing the temporal unit of analysis based on the type of disaster.

Could this account for how/why SBTF volunteers use personally situated time references to signal how long they can be available/devote to an activation?

Is this a semiotic version of Reddy's temporal trajectory?

Motive expressed through "duration" seems to be fairly well determined for Wikipedia editors, per Kittur/Kraut/Resnick chapters. I don't see why it wouldn't also apply to SBTF.

The duration of a person's engagement in an activity serves as a symbol for its importance.

Speed, rhythms, and duration do not determine the way of life instead they play a role in behavior.

intellectual property is often the propertization of what we call talent.

Important distinction. Is there direct precedent?