1,022 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2024
    1. Dimensional analysis uses conversion factors to change the unit in an amount into an equivalent quantity expressed with a different unit.

      How to use demensional analysis and what it tis

    2. The "given" unit in the problem, which will be associated with a number, must be determined.  In the example above, the given number is 3.55, and its unit is meters.   The "desired" unit, which is the unit that the given quantity should be changed "to" or "into," must be determined.  In the example above, the given quantity should be changed to centimeters.   Determine which equality or equalities relate the given and desired units.  In the simplest dimensional analysis problems, only a single equality is needed.  However, more complex problems will require multiple equalities.  This step, which can also be referred to as "unit tracking," is generally the most challenging step in the dimensional analysis process.  Meters and centimeters can be related by the prefix modifier equality 100 cm=m100 cm=m { \text{100 cm}} = { \text{m}}.   Use the appropriate conversion factor derived from this equality to achieve unit cancelation.  Remember that the equality given above can be represented as two conversion factors: 100 cmm100 cmm \dfrac{ \text{100 cm}}{\text{m}} and m100 cmm100 cm \dfrac{ \text{m}}{\text{100 cm}} However, only one of these conversion factors will allow for the cancelation of the given unit.  Specifically, the unit to be canceled must be written in the denominator of the conversion factor.  This will cause the given unit, which appears in a numerator, to be divided by itself, since the same unit appears in the denominator of the conversion factor.  Since any quantity that is divided by itself "cancels," orienting the conversation factor in this way results in the elimination of the undesirable unit.  Therefore, since the intent of this problem is to eliminate the unit "meters," the conversion factor on the left must be used. 3.55m×100cmm3.55m×100cmm {3.55 \; \cancel{\rm{m}}} \times \dfrac{100 \; \rm{cm}}{\cancel{\rm{m}}} Why does this process work?  In the example above, 100 cm equals (1) m, so equivalent quantities appear in both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction, even though those quantities are expressed in different units.  Since the quantities in the numerator and denominator are equivalent, this conversion factor effectively divides a value by itself, and the entire process is equivalent to multiplying the given number by 1.  Therefore, while the given quantity does not change, the unit does.   Perform the calculation that remains once the units have been canceled.  The given number should be multiplied by the value in each numerator and then divided by the value in each denominator.  When using a calculator, each conversion factor should be entered in parentheses, or the "=" key should be used after each division.  In this case,  3.55×100 cm=355 cm3.55×100 cm=355 cm {3.55} \times {\text {100 cm}} = {\text {355 cm}} Note that the unit that remains uncanceled becomes the unit on the calculated quantity.   Apply the correct number of significant figures to the calculated quantity.  Since the math involved in dimensional analysis is multiplication and division, the number of significant figures in each number being multiplied or divided must be counted, and the answer must be limited to the lesser count of significant figures.  Remember that the equalities developed in the previous section are exact values, meaning that they are considered to have infinitely-many significant figures and will never limit the number of significant figures in a calculated answer.

      how to use demensional analysis

    1. Langes Interview mit Hans Joachim Schellnhuber im Standard, under anderem zu Kipppunkten und der Möglichkeit, dass wir uns schon auf dem Weg in ein „neues Klimaregime“ befinden. Schellnhuber geht davon aus, dass auch das 2°-Ziel überschritten werden wird. Der „Königsweg“, um der Atmosphäre danach wieder CO<sub>2</sub> zu entziehen, sei der weltweite Ersatz von Zement durch Holz beim Bauen, den er als Direktor des IIASA vor allem erforschen wolle. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit dafür, dass „noch alles gutgehen" werde, sei gering. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000204635/klimaforscher-schellnhuber-werden-auch-ueber-das-zwei-grad-ziel-hinausschiessen

  2. Jan 2024
  3. Dec 2023
    1. benesch auf seinem "es ist kompliziert" trip...<br /> wir haben also eine "controlled opposition" (AFD) (no surprise)<br /> und ein "controlled regime" (SPD/FDP/Grüne/CDU/Linke/...) (no surprise)<br /> also deutschland ist nur eine kolonie (ein vasall) von irgendwem (no surprise)

      whatabout die aggressive NATO ost-erweiterung?<br /> sind da auch "die russen" schuld?<br /> oder ist das auch "nur ein talking point" von irgendwem?

      eine illusion ist ja dass "der steuerzahler" irgendwas entscheiden darf.<br /> das sieht so aus, als wäre die regierung "von unten" finanziert<br /> (aktuell: bauernproteste gegen dieselsteuer und KFZ-steuer auf landmaschinen)<br /> aber es gibt trotzdem immer einfluss "von oben"<br /> also von banken (verniedlicht als "die windmühlen von zion")<br /> die der regierung kredite geben (solange die regierung brav ist)<br /> von geld das die bank aus dem nichts schöpft, ohne gegenwert, also "falschgeld"

      der film "leave the world behind (2023)" will uns erzählen: "no one is in control."<br /> ich teile eher die ansicht von catherine austin fitts:<br /> es gibt einen "mister global" (also eine "weltregierung") (praktisch die UN)<br /> die schon längst alle nationalstaaten unter kontrolle hat<br /> und nur für die öffentlichkeit spielt man das theaterstück "nation gegen nation"<br /> so wie man innerhalb der nationalstaaten das theaterstück "gewaltenteilung" spielt<br /> aber unterm strich ist es alles die gleiche mafia<br /> aber das versteht man auch erst dann.<br /> wenn man sich mal anlegt mit bullen, staatsanwälten, richtern, gutachtern, jugendamt, ...<br /> solange man diese "autoritäten" nicht provoziert, sieht es aus wie "heile welt"

      benesch hat auch diesen "wissen ist macht" vibe, aber das stimmt einfach nicht,<br /> und ist höchstens eine ablenkung, wenn man selber keine lösung hat...<br /> yuri bezmenov würde sagen: "only when the military boot crushes his balls,<br /> then he will understand... but not before, that is the tragedy of demoralization."

      ich darf meine fresse aufreissen, weil ich hab auch nen lösungsvorschlag:<br /> pallas. wer sind meine freunde. gruppenaufbau nach persönlichkeitstyp.<br /> github com milahu alchi<br /> der staatsanwalt sagt, mein buch ist "volksverhetzung"... die drohungen werden lauter

      das studieren von "geopolitik" scheitert einfach daran,<br /> dass diese probleme so groß sind, und so weit weg sind, dass man gefangen ist in passivität.<br /> deswegen mein "bottom up" ansatz: gruppenaufbau nach persönlichkeitstyp.<br /> und wenn der funktioniert, dann kommt die revolution von selber...

    1. So Kairotic Flow doesn’t analyse and it doesn’t bring together the results of analysis. Instead, it focuses on relevant scope as a whole, in context, allowing patterns to emerge into our awareness, without taking things apart in the first place.
      • for: critique - without analysis, kariotic flow - emptiness, kariotic flow - entanglement

      • critique: without analysis

        • really? Or has the analysis just gone to a deeper, subconscious level?
        • everything a person has learned in life creates a complex network of ideas that is like a giant, invisible toolbox ready to be drawn upon when the environmental context cues trigger a response from the toolbox
        • this would be impossible if years of past analysis and abstraction was not already done
        • any intelligent response to an event that emerge in our environment is not arbitrary, but draws upon this complex, learned past
    1. Interpreting accuracy is one of the most commonly used indicators of cognitive demands in experimental interpreting studies. One possibility to assess interpreting performance is to analyse interpreting accuracy based on meaning units. The methodological approaches used thus far, however, have some drawbacks: (a) they are limited to an assessment of sense consistency with no indication of the logical cohesion of the rendition, (b) they do not take into account the difference between unintended and strategic omissions or, more generally, the prioritization of source speech information as an interpreting strategy, and (c) they do not allow for the observation of fluctuations of cognitive load or effects of fatigue. In this article, we will present a refined approach to unit-based accuracy analysis that may contribute to solving the issues mentioned above.

      This piques my interest, especially (b).

      口譯訊息的遺漏:刻意(運用口譯策略),還是無心(因爲無力)?

      源語訊息的權重:每個meaning unit肯定有不同權重,而且權重的認定很主觀。

      整個語篇論述的語意連貫、邏輯銜接、承轉(cohesion),也是一大挑戰,如何判定?銜接詞是否僅是一個語義單位,給予某一權重,還是自成一格,必須另外設計評量方式?

  4. Nov 2023
    1. 泰語和緬甸語則是音素音節文字(alphasyllabary)或元音附標文字(abugida)

      原文:Thai and Burmese are alphasyllabaries, or abugidas.

      這翻譯犯了一種技術錯誤,即「或」字的使用。乍看之下,「or」翻成「或」顯得無懈可擊,但細究起來,中文單一的「或」字,加上句子裡提到兩個語言,有可能誤導讀者如此對號入座:以爲泰語是第一類,緬甸語是第二類。就算沒被誤導,也無法立即讀懂這個「或」。

      其實,這「or」的意思是「或稱」,表示alphasyllabary 和 abugida 是一種東西的兩種稱法,中文可以翻成「,或稱」、「,又稱」、「,也叫做」,無論怎麼翻,都勝過一個單獨的、令人混淆的「或」字。注意,這種意思的 or,前面必定有一個逗號。

    2. 然而,這道難題必須盡快破解,才能判斷它對一個文明所構成的考驗:中文究竟能不能與現代性相容。

      看到書名,很吸睛。從網路上找到對應的原文,讀了一下,覺得挺拗口,英文句子顯得冗長,不是很好讀,但不刁鑽。

      幾小段試讀的翻譯看下來,這個譯本很忠於原文,亦步亦趨採取相對直譯的策略來行文。但以此句而言,遺漏了一些重要的表達程度和強調的字眼:nothing short of、once and for all,這些詞並非空虛無意義,作者的用心處,如果能譯出來,讀者更能體會何以這道難題必須儘快破解。

      原文(強調部分是我加的):This puzzle would have to be solved quickly, though, for it constituted nothing short of a civilizational trial by which to judge once and for all whether Chinese script was compatible with Modernity with a capital M.

    1. 兩個譯本卻都丟失了其中意思

      which所表的「運動」,意思在張的譯文中並未如所稱丟失,她明白寫出「那些運動」如何如何,只是如前述,「有助於」是多餘意思。

    2. 張譯本是拆成兩句來直譯,但後段意思搞錯了,宋譯本則索性漏掉不譯

      張後段並沒有搞錯,宋也沒有漏譯,只是各自的表達不同於毫末版。不過,我還是最欣賞毫末版,最符合原文的意思。

      宋的「流變」在譯movements,「與聞其一」在譯take part in any one of,只是文字太高調、賣弄,裝高雅。張的「有助於」雖然不好,但沒有到搞錯的程度。

    1. Der Critical Raw Materials Actt wird von Industrie-Lobbies benutzt, um Einschränkungen beim Zugang zu Rohmaterialien abzubauen, und zwar auch dann, wenn es nicht um die Energieversorgung geht. IT-, Rüstungs- und Raumfahrtindustrie versuchen von der Krisensituation bei den neuen Energien zu profitieren. Die Libéation berichtet über einen neuen Report von Lobbying-Warchdogs. Die Liste der kritischen Rohmaterialien wurde bereits von 15 auf 34 Stoffe erweitert. https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/ue-le-critical-raw-materials-act-un-open-bar-pour-lindustrie-miniere-20231112_HZUR6376QJCZVBM5IGIUR6V2QE/

    1. Comparisons of the Date of First Contact, Date of Earliest Sustained Interaction, and Date of Earliest Record ofDepopulation from Disease for 11 Populations Used in this Stu

      .

    2. s could have resulted from smallpox movingfaster across space compared to other diseases

      .

    3. able 1 . List of the Earliest Accounts of Disease-Related Depopulation among a Native American Population Used in thisStudy. Those with Reliable Information on the Type of Disease Are Listed

      .

  5. Oct 2023
  6. Sep 2023
    1. t may be that in using his system hedeveloped his mind and his knowledge of history to the point wherehe expected his readers to draw more inferences from the facts heselected than most modern readers are accustomed to doing, in thisday of the predigested book.

      It's possible that the process of note taking and excerpting may impose levels of analysis and synthesis on their users such that when writing and synthesizing their works that they more subtly expect their readers to do the same thing when their audiences may require more handholding and explanation.

      Here, both the authors' experiences and that of the cultures in which they're writing will determine the relationship.


      There's lots of analogies between thinking and digesting (rumination, consumption, etc), in reading and understanding contexts.

      Source: https://hypothes.is/a/hhCGsljeEe2QlccJUQ55fA

    1. Market analysis of library card catalogs in 2023.

      As card catalogs lost their functionality in libraries and were de-acquisitioned there was a wave of nostalgia which caused people to purchase them, often in auctions, at higher than expected prices. Once they had them, most of these purchasers realized that they didn't have functional uses in their homes for them (beyond wine or liquor bottle storage, small crafts, or use as a zettelkasten, which seem to be the only reasonable upcycling use cases I've seen and the last seems to be very rare and niche). They sit and take up space for very little value in return beyond some esthetic beauty and nostalgia. As a result many soured on their ownership. Most owners naturally want to recoup their original purchase price thinking that relative rarity will save them.

      Combined with this there was a resurgence in mid-century design esthetic which had some furniture restorers and designers buying and doing full (and very pretty) expensive restorations of older 20s - 40s versions which sold at auctions for $4,500 and up. Given the rarity of some of these older, fine furniture versions along with the work in restoration and the limited market only those who had a tinge of nostalgia and money to burn made purchases which resulted in a limited number of actual sales.

      These two factors mean that almost all of the listings for library card catalogs are heavily overvalued on eBay, Facebook Marketplace, Craig's List, Etsy, etc. The fine furniture restorations have set an artificially high price point which some feel theirs must match as well. The difference in quality however is stark. Because of their size and lack of functionality, there is a relative glut of them on the market which all bear inflated prices. Those who originally spent inordinate amounts for them, feel they will still have that same value to others, so they list them online for inflated prices.

      I've been closely watching the online "market" for them for over a year and see the same several dozen or more listed across the country usually in the range of about $30-$60 per drawer. Many are listed as local pick up only, which further hampers the overall market. This also brings up the issue of shipping a 60 drawer card catalog which can easily run in the $800-$1,500+ range which usually requires additional shipping logistics involved with freight. Most catalogs are already overpriced, but adding an additional $1000 tax on top is a bridge too far for all but the highest end of the market. Some platforms like Etsy and eBay which take cuts of the final sale also add to the cost of the sale.

      In the year and a half or more that I've been watching, I've only seen a handful of actual sales, all of which were local, and many of which were in the Los Angeles area. All of these sales have been for listings which eventually were reduced down to the $15 per drawer range. One local sale was in Wisconsin was for $10 per drawer (a 30 drawer file) and another in Los Angeles was for $12.50 per drawer (on a 20 drawer file).

      A note on condition

      Outside of a small handful of fine furniture listings in the $4,000+ range, most ex-Library card catalogs are generally very well worn and not in great condition which makes them less valuable as decoration pieces. In fact, many are often missing their original card catalog rods, have dents, dings, or other cosmetic issues. Some are missing drawers or have replacement drawers which don't match. Some may be slightly mismatched having been purchased in different eras as modular pieces and put together. Frequently they have been modified from their original states to include inserts or other material to fill in the holes which where almost standard in the bottoms of the drawers.

      Advice

      If you're in the market, know that it is tremendously inflated, a fact which most sellers are aware of as they've got them listed, some for many years, not resulting in actual sales. If you really want one and find it in a reasonable condition, I highly recommend making an offer for it at about $10 per drawer and potentially go up to $15. Anything higher than that is overpaying based on actual recent market conditions. If you have the money to burn, feel free, but keep in mind that like many others in the past, once the initial nostalgia has passed, you've probably got a large piece of relatively non-functional furniture in your home.

      It's not common, but some government auction sites will list card catalogs for auction from time to time. Because they actively want to sell them these can be purchased in the $2-10 per drawer range or less. Often they tend toward the larger 60+ drawer range, aren't in good condition, or need to be picked up and shipped to your final destination, usually within a few days of purchase as the original owners don't or explicitly won't handle shipping. These are likely to need some restoration work to be decorative pieces in many homes.

      If you want something brand new, you can check out Brodart, which is the only remaining card catalog manufacturer/sales firm I'm aware of in the United States. Their systems are modular, so you can pick and choose what you'd like to have. The only caveat is that they start at $1,700 for their smallest 9 drawer model and can go up to $11,648 (plus shipping) for a full 60 drawer model. The other potential drawback, for some, is that they are made of a mixture of wood, metal and plastic versus the all wood and metal fittings of older vintage models.

      If you're in the market primarily for nostalgic reasons, then you might also consider looking at some of the older desktop wooden card catalogs which are often much less expensive, take up far less space, and can be wonderfully decorative. Some of the smaller two to six drawer desktop models have the benefit of potentially serving as recipe boxes or paper rolodexes, zettelkasten, or simply small office storage. Here again, the online markets are likely to be heavily overpriced with 2 drawer models being continually listed at $150 and 4 drawer models in the $250-400 range. These sellers know that these prices don't result in actual sales as they've been sitting on them for long periods of time (presumably hoping to get lucky). Here I'd recommend you make offers in the $20-30 per drawer range to see what you can find. Another benefit is that these smaller models are far cheaper to ship across the country. For additional advice on these, see: The Ultimate Guide to Zettelkasten Index Card Storage.

  7. Aug 2023
    1. Der Guardian hat Fachleute zu Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) befragt. Die britische Regierung legitimiert neue Öl- und Gasbohrlizenzen mit gleichzeitigen CCS-Projekten. Einige Experten sind nach ersten Erfahrungen sehr skeptisch, was die grundsätzliche Realisierbarkeit von CCS an vielen Stellen der Erde angeht. CCS werde vor allem zur Dekarbonisierung von Industrien gebraucht werden, die bisher nicht CO<sub>2</sub>-frei betrieben werden können, es sei aber keine Rechtfertigung für neue fossile Entwicklungsprojekte. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/01/is-carbon-capture-and-storage-really-a-silver-bullet-for-the-climate-crisis

      • for: extreme weather, realtime extreme weather analysis, World weather attribution
      • description
        • the World Weather Attribution organization is a group of research institutes that provides robust scientific answers to the question:
          • is climate change to blame?
        • when an extreme weather event has occurred
        • This is usually available days to weeks after the event and informs discussions about climate change while the impacts of the events are still fresh in the minds of the public and policymakers.
  8. Jul 2023
    1. Abraham Wald
      • example
        • survivorship bias
          • Abraham Wald was a statistican who was tasked by the Allied war effort with understanding how to make the Allied war planes function better.
          • And he was presented with a series of airplanes that had bullet holes throughout them as they had gone from bombing runs over Nazi Germany.
          • And he looked at them, and he saw that there were
            • holes in the wings,
            • holes in the tail,
            • holes in the nose of the plane.
          • And the general said to him, you know, "Based on your statistical expertise, where should we put extra armor?
          • Where should we reinforce the plane?"
          • And most of the people thought they should put them where the bullet holes were.
          • Abraham Wald took one look at this, and he said, "If you put armor over the places where the holes are,
            • you're going to make the planes get shot down more."
          • Because the reality was the places that didn't have bullet holes were the most crucial.
          • The places that had been shot in
            • the fuselage,
            • the middle of the plane where the engine was,
          • those were in Germany, they didn't survive,
            • they were wrecks.
          • So they never made it back to be analyzed.
          • So survivorship bias is a bias where we look at the wrong kinds of data because we only look at what survived.
    1. We

      The word "We" is central to the structure and content of this poem. Kostenko's repeated emphasis on the word "We" prevents the reader from separating herself from the poem's engagement with nuclear disaster and the legacy of Chernobyl. It is helpful to read the usage of this word in conversation with Andrei Voznesensky's work.

    2. atomic hostages to progress,

      By writing about "atomic hostages to progress," Kostenko defines scientific progress not as a gateway to understanding, but as a barrier to comprehension and representation of the world around us.

    3. The announcement was made. Minor setback, Solution in progress. Full stop.

      The narrative of this poem is repeatedly interrupted by these "telegraphic" sections, which mimic the process of sharing information about Chernobyl with the public, as you can see in the "Gorbachev speaks" contextual note. This technique effectively simulates the disjointed and often contradictory dissemination of information about the Chernobyl disaster, both at the time of the accident and in our contemporary context, in the form of the inconclusive studies of Chernobyl's long-term effects and ongoing contests over its memory.

    4. The radioactive cloud ran circles around your Curtain, and caught up to Europe

      In this verse, Chernobyl's radioactive cloud symbolizes a disaster that "escaped" the Soviet Union and reached Europe, thereby portraying Europe as the victim of Chernobyl accident and the Soviet Union as the perpetrator. Consider this discussion of the potential problems of enforcing this strict conceptual divide between European innocence and Soviet responsibility.

    5. 500 times more than in Hiroshima.

      While this quantitative comparison between Hiroshima and Chernobyl helps to communicate the gravity of the Chernobyl disaster, many scholars have questioned the extent to which it is possible and productive to compare catastrophes. For example, Peter Gray and Kendrick Oliver write that "The resistance of the Holocaust to narration and other practices of historical sense-making provoked a broader intellectual deconstruction of the established modes by which meaning could be imposed on human affairs." [1] That is to say, catastrophes cannot be described in relation to established temporal, linguistic, or historical frameworks. Thus, Chernobyl requires us to question whether it is possible to fully represent, interpret, and respond to disaster through narrative and analysis.

      [1] Gray, Peter and Kendrick Oliver. Introduction. The Memory of Catastrophe. Manchester University Press, 2004.

    6. Wasn’t there a way to put concrete and yellow steel in a radiation-proof sarcophagus that would not put an Iron Curtain in control?

      Again, Hernán Urbina Joiro's poem chronicles the Chernobyl catastrophe as a battle for control that highlighted and worsened Cold War tensions between the "East" and "West." Consider the following annotations about this reading of Chernobyl and its role in the ongoing discourse about blame and responsibility:

      They did not share it

      The radioactive cloud

    7. Forgive me,     a human,         Humanity – history, Russia, and Europe – that the monstrous test     of the blind forces happened to fall on my land     and my era.

      See this link for information about the usage of the words "humanity" and "human" in this poem.

      Who and what can be held accountable for Chernobyl? From the beginning of this poem, Andrei Voznesensky engages with the question of blame and forgiveness in the aftermath of catastrophe. The speaker self-identifies as a "human," who is asking for forgiveness from "humanity" as a whole. In this way, Voznesensky structurally separates the "human" who accepts blame for Chernobyl from the "humanity" that was affected by the disaster.

      However, reading this introduction in conversation with the rest of the poem complicates the relationship between personal responsibility, forgiveness, and collective guilt that develops throughout this poem. Consider the following annotations in conversation with this one:

      Humanity versus science

      Who is to blame?

    8. He simply acted         like a human.

      Throughout this poem, the refrain "because he is a human" emphasizes that the "heroes" who responded to Chernobyl acted in accordance with their basic humanity. However, at the beginning of the poem, the speaker identifies himself as a 'human' and asks for forgiveness for the Chernobyl catastrophe. As such, the language that the speaker uses to assign blame to himself (as a "human") is paradoxically the same as the language he uses to draw attention to the sacrifices of others.

    9. Life alone     is not an unfathomable parsec.

      See this annotationfor a definition of the scientific term "parsec."

      This verse expresses the speaker's skepticism regarding the capacity of a purely scientific framework to represent "life" and provide a viable framework for understanding reality. That is to say, science cannot adequately explain the Chernobyl catastrophe and its long-term implications for humanity. It is productive to read this line alongside Lina Kostenko's poem, which represents scientific progress as a trap that alienates humanity from language, environment, and faith alike.

    10. He stares uninterruptedly,     like Theophanes the Greek.

      Read about Theophanes the Greek and the tradition of icon painting in Russia for context.

      Here, Voznesensky links the "heroic human" of Chernobyl to the memory of a famous icon painter and the practice of viewing and venerating Russian Orthodox iconography. Engaging with the gaze of the icon is recognized as an essential aspect of the ability of the faithful to communicate with the divine. In this way, Voznesensky relates the act of bearing witness to Chernobyl with the holy ritual of icon veneration and meditation.

    11. Where is the poisoned fruit of knowledge?

      The "poisoned fruit / of knowledge" can be interpreted as a reference to Adam and Eve's decision to eat from the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil in the Garden of Eden, which is a key foundation of Judeo-Christian theology. This reference to original sin builds upon the religious symbolism in the poem, by implying that the people and systems responsible for Chernobyl repeated this irresolvable transgression.

      Other examples of religious symbolism in the poem:

      "Forgive me, a human"

      "God is in . . ."

      "Theophanes the Greek"

    12. God is in     He who went to the contaminated object;

      To learn about a potential link between Chernobyl and an apocalyptic moment referenced in the Book of Revelation, visit this annotation.

      In this section, the speaker represents Chernobyl not as responsible for a profound spiritual rupture, but instead as the catalyst for a renewed relationship between humanity and God. He emphasizes the presence of the divine in the actions of the first responders to Chernobyl while simultaneously reiterating that the "heroes" of Chernobyl "simply acted like a human."

      This spiritual/religious symbolism of this poem is also reflected in its structure, which from the beginning takes the form of an extended plea for forgiveness, and in the references to iconography.

    13. They did not share it, we had to question it.

      Unlike Voznesensky and Kostenko's poems, which utilize the word "we" to encourage the reader to reflect on their own complicity in the conditions that allowed for Chernobyl and its subsequent memorialization, Hernán Urbina Joiro represents the Soviet Union's "Iron Curtain" as the clear antagonist of the "West." On the one hand, Joiro's poem clearly demonstrates how the environmental and political effects of Chernobyl transgressed international boundaries. On the other hand, the dichotomy between "East" and "West" that structures the poem does not facilitate reflection on the question of whether it is possible and/or necessary for people within and outside of the former Soviet Union to reflect on their responsibility for their own responses to Chernobyl and nuclear power.

    14. Is it the fault of science     or of humanity?

      This verse marks one of the first instances in the poem when the speaker distances himself from Chernobyl and interrogates who else can be held responsible for what happened. The distinction between "science" and "humanity" here is especially significant, because it presents two ways of interpreting and responding to Chernobyl. Chernobyl can be understood as an isolated scientific tragedy unique to the Soviet political and scientific contexts, or, as Kate Brown puts it, as an "acceleration on a timeline of exposures that sped up in the second half of the twentieth century . . . connected to many other events," such as war, environmental degradation, and political corruption. [1]

      Read this annotation in conversation with these other important moments throughout the poem that deal with guilt and accountability:

      "Forgive me, / a human, / Humanity"

      Who is to blame?

      Sources:

      [1] Brown, Kate. Manual for Survival: A Chernobyl Guide to the Future. W. W. Norton and Company, 2019.

    15. The contemporary of Hiroshima, the man who flew into Russia.

      By representing Doctor Gale as the man "who flew into Russia," Voznesensky depicts the international medical response to Chernobyl as equally as heroic as the sacrificial contributions of the Ukrainian and Soviet first responders. However, as the contextual note about Dr. Gale mentions, Soviet radiation specialists like Dr. Angelina Guskova questioned the legitimacy and ethicality of the bone marrow transplant procedures he conducted. That being said, both Soviet and American newspapers presented Dr. Gale as being motivated purely by humanitarian concern and goodwill, which drew attention away from the important work and needs of doctors in the Soviet Union.

      As the biographical note about Andrei Voznesensky states, he spent a lot of time in the United States. Due to his travels, befriended a great number of politicians, artists, and writers abroad, which may help to explain the prominence of Dr. Gale as a representative of the American response to Chernobyl in this poem.

    16. Later we will determine: Who is to blame;

      Compare the beginning of this part of the poem with the beginning of the first part of the poem, in which the speaker asks humanity to forgive him personally for the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. In contrast to the plea for individual forgiveness that we saw previously, here the question of responsibility for Chernobyl is left unresolved. The use of the word "We" implicates the reader in a continuous and collective process of reevaluation and renegotiation of blame. The centrality of the word "we" in Lina Kostenko's poem achieves a similar effect.

    17. no longer have the forest nor the heavens.

      Kostenko represents Chernobyl not only as an environmental catastrophe, but also as the cause of total alienation from spirituality and heaven. It is possible to read this poem as engaging with one well-known reading of Chernobyl, which interprets the disaster as an inevitable apocalyptic moment predicted in the Book of Revelation:

      Then the third angel sounded: And a great star fell from heaven, burning like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water. The name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters became wormwood, and many men died from the water, because it was made bitter. [1]

      In Ukrainian, the world "Chernobyl" is derived from two separate roots that combine to mean "black plant." The word "Chernobyl" refers to a specific species of Artemisia, which is a type of weed. [2] In English, Artemisia is translated as "wormwood," which has led many people to link the Chernobyl catastrophe to the "wormwood" mentioned in the Book of Revelation. However, as Michael Palij and William Fletcher note, "The coincidence is not quite so striking in the Ukrainian translation of the Bible, for there the name of the star is Polyn, the genus wormwood, rather than chornobyl', a species of wormwood." [2] Although the etymological relationship between Chernobyl and the Bible does not align perfectly, the religious reading of Chernobyl continues to resonate.

      Wormwood

      Sources:

      [1] The Bible. King James Version. Christian Art Publishers, 2012.

      [2] Palij, Michael & William C. Fletcher. "Chornobyl: An Etymology." Ukrainian Quarterly, vol. 42 Spring-Summer 1986, p. 22-24.

      Image Credit:

      "Redstem Wormwood" by Moxxie is licensed by CC BY-SA 3.0. The image has not been modified in any way and falls under fair use.

    18. alphabet of death:

      By ending her poem with the "alphabet of death," Kostenko establishes that society's fixation on scientific progress at the expense of human lives has divested language of its ability to articulate the conditions of the present and imagine a future. Any attempts at linguistic representation must culminate in the "death" symbolized by the nuclear power station. As such, language itself collapses in the face of Chernobyl.

      As Jean-Luc Nancy writes in After Fukushima: The Equivalence of Catastrophes, "We live no longer either in tragic meaning nor in what, with Christianity, was supposed to transport and elevate tragedy to divine salvation . . . We are being exposed to a catastrophe of meaning." [1] In other words, Chernobyl is disastrous not because of what it represents, but because it defies representation of any kind.

      [1] Nancy, Jean-Luc. After Fukushima: The Equivalence of Catastrophes, translated by Charlotte Mandell. Fordham University Press, 2015.

  9. Jun 2023
    1. Proust, in fact, insistently suggests as a sort of limit-case of one kind ofcoming out precisely the drama of Jewish self-identification, embodied inthe Book of Esther and in Racine's recasting of it that is quoted throughoutthe "Sodom and Gomorrah" books of A la recherche.

      The story goes, "Proust, in his work "A la recherche," explores the theme of coming out through the story of Esther, as depicted in the Book of Esther and Racine's adaptation of it. Esther, a Jewish queen, conceals her Jewish identity from her husband, King Assuerus, due to the belief that her people are considered unclean and abominations against nature. The king's advisor, Aman, fuels his hatred towards Jews and envisions a world without them.

      Esther's cousin Mardochee advises her to reveal her true identity at a critical moment, similar to how gay individuals may approach coming out to their homophobic parents. Esther decides to take the risk, saying, "And if I perish, I perish." The revelation of her secret identity carries immense power and challenges the king's political animosity towards her people with his personal love for her. The question arises whether the king will reject her or accept her as she is.

      The biblical story and Racine's play depict a dream or fantasy of coming out, where Esther's eloquence and self-disclosure have a transformative effect. In just a few lines, both the king and Aman realize the futility of their anti-Semitic views. The revelation of identity within the intimate space of love disrupts the public notions of natural and unnatural, purity and impurity. Esther's willingness to risk losing the love and support of her husband has the potential to save not only her own life but also her people."

    1. Example 1: If a 1000-Ω resistor is connected in parallel with a3000-Ω resistor, what is the total or equivalent resistance? Alsocalculate total current and individual currents, as well as thetotal and individual dissipated powers.R R RR R1000 30001000 30003, 000, 0004000 750total1 21 2= ×+ = Ω × ΩΩ + Ω = ΩΩ = ΩTo find how much current flows through each resistor, applyOhm’s law:I VRI VR12 V1000 0.012 A 12 mA12 V3000 0.004 A 4 mA111222= = Ω = == = Ω = =These individual currents add up to the total input current:Iin = I1 + I2 = 12 mA + 4 mA = 16 mAThis statement is referred to as Kirchhoff’s current law. Withthis law, and Ohm’s law, you come up with the current divider

      Great intro problem to Kirchhoff's current law

      Current divider notes as well!

  10. May 2023
    1. It turns out that backpropagation is a special case of a general techniquein numerical analysis called automatic differentiat

      Automatic differentiation is a technique in numerical analysis. That's why Real Analysis is an important Mathematics area that should be studied if one wants to go into AI research.

    1. secret

      From LAWLER 233: Stoddart cancelled the following lines in the typescript: "There was love in every line, and in every touch there was passion."

      From "Oscar Wilde's Dorian Gray, Annotated & Uncensored": This sentiment belongs to an established literary convention: the artistic process is being equated with sexual intimacy. Normally, however, the artist is male and his subject (or model) female. Wilde is adding an unmistakably homoerotic twist to this tradition.

    2. delightful

      From LAWLER 209: Added in the typescript. Wilde inserted almost two additional pages at this point in 1891.

      ZABROUSKI: WRITE AN SUMMARY ON THE TWO ADDITIONAL PAGES

    3. I was jealous of every one to whom you spoke. I wanted to have you all to myself. I was only happy when I was with you.

      ZABROUSKI: Carson cited this line during Wilde's trial and had asked, "May I take it that you, as an artist, have never known the feeling described here?" to which Wilde had responded, "I have never allowed any personality to dominate my art." Carson then asked, "Then you have never known the feeling you described?" and Wilde responded, "No. It is a work of fiction." This separation between the art of fiction and personal experience is common among many fiction writers. One example is L.T. Meade, author of The Sorceress of the Strand (1902), who has claimed she found it "difficult to write of real experiences." This idea also encompasses the concept of aestheticism, the doctrine in which art exists for the sake of beauty alone.

    4. Rugged and straightforward as he was, there was something in his nature that was purely feminine in its tenderness

      From LAWLER 230: This was deleted in 1891.

      ZABROUSKI: Because of the typical stereotypes Victorian men and women were placed, readers would have viewed this characteristic as immoral effeminacy.

    5. appointment

      From LAWLER 206: Wilde added several lines here in 1891: "Are you serious?" / "Quite serious, Basil. I should be miserable if I thought I should ever be more serious than I am at the present moment."

      ZABROUSKI: This may just be a personal opinion, but I don't think adding that extra dialogue was necessary. However, I suppose the extra back and forth between Basil and Henry is meant to emphasize how beautiful Sybil is. Because there was no lead up to Basil asking Harry if he approves of the marriage, one may have argued that Basil was hinting at previous romantic relations between Harry and Dorian.

    1. When our eyes met, I felt that I was growing pale. A curious instinct of terror came over me. I knew that I had come face to face with some one whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself. I did not want any external influence in my life.

      ZABROUSKI: Throughout the novel, Wilde chooses to describe Dorian as "fascinating." Etymologically, the word derives from the Latin "fascinātus," and means to enchant or bewitch. ("Fascinate") Concepts of witchcraft and enchanting nature build the foundation of Dorian's character; not only does Dorian not physically age or lose his beauty, but whenever he talks to other men, they seem to be set under a spell by his natural charms. By using witchcraft as a cover for homoerotic seduction, Wilde was able to keep sections like these in the novel.

    1. "A terrible load to carry,"

      From LAWLER 238: Wilde changed this line three times. In the typescript, there was another sort of pun in Dorian's reply: "There is a good deal of heaviness in modern art." In 1891, Wilde changed it again to the deliberately prosaic "I am afraid it is rather heavy," emphasizing a different mood entirely.

      ZABROUSKI: While the original quote portrayed a fictional character's humor, the 1891 change seems to portray Wilde's personal struggle in publishing this book. This change may be alluding to the backlash Wilde received when Dorian Gray was first published. Thus, this darker, sadder, and overall more pessimistic tone would be bringing attention to Wilde's opinion on the debate between morality vs. art.

  11. Apr 2023
    1. "You don't mean to say that Basil has got any passion or any romance in him?"

      ZABROUSKI: Changed to "Oh, Basil is the best of fellows, but he seems to me just a bit of a Philistine. Since I have known you, Harry, I have discovered that" in 1891.

      A "Philistine" is a person who is indifferent to the culture or the arts (Oxford Dictionary). This alteration not only ties into Wilde's interest in aestheticism but more importantly detaches Basil from any romantic characteristics. Additionally, the following two lines of dialogue are deleted in the 1891 edition, which mutes the homoerotic undertones between Basil and Lord Henry; Lord Henry's comment that "[Basil] certainly has romance" provides insight that there was some sort of romantic relationship between the two. Furthermore, the fact that Henry asks Dorian if Basil has ever "let [him] know that" rather than "tell [him] that" also points to Basil's homosexuality. Because having any homosexual relations was illegal at the time, Henry's phrasing acts as an unspoken tip to Dorian. One could argue, then, that Basil, Lord Henry, and Dorian are homosexual. Another thing to note is that this particular deletion draws more attention to Basil's art rather than romantic relations. In this way, Wilde adds emphasis to the romance of art rather than homosexual romance.

      From LAWLER 203: Originally, Dorian had asked whether "Basil has got a passion for somebody?" Lord Henry answered, "Yes, he has. Has he never told you?" This dialogue was cancelled, and Wilde wrote the changes in the margin.

    2. yours

      From LAWLER 200: Was originally "your mistress," but Stoddart changed it. Wilde altered Stoddart's emendation in 1891, making it "I suppose she will belong to you some day."

      ZABROUSKI: I found this specific change interesting, for it seems like such a minor alteration yet makes a big impact in the grand scheme of things. Lawler claimed that the 1891 alteration is "stronger" than what is here. Given the time this was published, that claim rings true; because Victorian women were typically viewed as property or arm candy rather than an actual partner, saying the phrase "belong to" would have been fitting for a heterosexual Victorian man.

    3. "Stop!" murmured Dorian Gray, "stop! you bewilder me. I don't know what to say. There is some answer to you, but I cannot find it. Don't speak. Let me think, or, rather, let me try not to think."

      From LAWLER 186: Wilde added this sentence and the following five paragraphs to the typescript of this edition in a long marginal note ending with "...of the silence."

      ZABROUSKI: This addition plays into Wilde's interest in aestheticism, especially in regards to music, art, and linguistics.

    4. terribly.

      From LAWLER 188: Wilde cancelled the following line from his original manuscript: "If you set yourself to know life, you will look evil; if you are afraid of life, you will look common."

      ZABROUSKI: The homoerotic undertone of this sentence wouldn't have gone unnoticed if it was included in this edition. Though Lord Henry seems to be talking about the changes in appearance through aging, if those lines were included in this edition, Lord Henry could've been implicitly addressing society's view on homosexual relations rather than society's view on physical appearance. The phrase "afraid of life" may suggest being afraid of acting on one's true desires, and the phrase looking "common" may suggest an unwanted submission to a heterosexual relationship.

    5. "Harry, don't talk like that

      From LAWLER 182: The following lines were cut from the original manuscript: "I am not afraid of things, but I am afraid of words. I cannot understand how it is that no prophecy has ever been fulfilled. None has I know. And yet it seems to me that to say a thing is to bring it to pass. Whatever has found expression becomes true, and what has not found expression can never happen. As for genius lasting longer than beauty, it is only the transitory that stirs me. What is permanent is monstrous and produces no effect. Our senses become dulled by what is always with us."

      ZABROUSKI: ADD SOMETHING HERE

    6. "Oh, she murmured, 'Charming boy—poor dear mother and I quite inseparable—engaged to be married to the same man—I mean married on the same day—how very silly of me! Quite forget what he does—afraid he—doesn't do anything—oh, yes, plays the piano—or is it the violin, dear Mr. Gray?' We could neither of us help laughing, and we became friends at once."

      ZABROUSKI: Changed to "Oh, something like, 'Charming boy--poor dear mother and I absolutely inseparable. Quite forget what he does--afraid he--doesn't do anything--oh, yes, plays the piano--or is it the violin, dear Mr. Gray?' Neither of us could help laughing, and we became friends at once" in 1891.

      The phrase "engaged to be married to the same man--I mean married on the same day" suggests that Dorian was engaged to a man, and in accidentally sharing that piece of information, Lady Brandon attempts to correct herself. The 1891 text omits that phrase completely, for readers may have pointed out the homosexual undertone in the 1890 edition.

    7. "Because I have put into it all the extraordinary romance of which, of course, I have never dared to speak to him. He knows nothing about it. He will never know anything about it. But the world might guess it; and I will not bare my soul to their shallow, prying eyes. My heart shall never be put under their microscope. There is too much of myself in the thing, Harry,—too much of myself!"

      From LAWLER 181: Wilde altered this paragraph in every revision.

      ZABROUSKI: In the 1891 version, Wilde wrote, “Because, without intending it, I have put into it some expression of all this curious artistic idolatry, of which, of course, I have never cared to speak to him. He knows nothing about it. He shall never know anything about it. But the world might guess it, and I will not bare my soul to their shallow prying eyes. My heart shall never be put under their microscope. There is too much of myself in the thing, Harry—too much of myself!” In the original manuscript, Wilde had (after "But the world might guess it") "where there is merely love, they would see something evil. Where there is spiritual passion, they would suggest something vile." If Wilde kept those two sentences in, it could be assumed that critics would have used it as fuel for their argument on what constitutes a moral vs immoral book.

    1. ot very many happy thingshappened in the lives of the three Baudelaire youngsters.

      Not strictly true. Plenty of happy things happen throughout the lives of the Baudelaire orphans. This series shows us that it's the little things that count. the grim nature of the series is part of the charm of it.

  12. Mar 2023
    1. things to do to understand text:

      • visualize single texts
      • measure features of text
      • identify distinctive words
      • find or organize works
      • model literay forms
      • model social boundaries
      • unsupervised modeling
    1. Cause‑specific Cox modelRegression on cause-specific hazards is an extension ofthe popular Cox proportional hazards model for CRs

      Cause-specific Cox model

    2. The aims of this manuscript can be summarised as:(i) examination of extensions of PLANNCR method(PLANNCR extended) for the development and vali-dation of prognostic clinical prediction models withcompeting events, (ii) systematic evaluation of model-predictive performance for ML techniques (PLANNCRoriginal, PLANNCR extended, RSFCR) and SM (cause-specific Cox, Fine-Gray) regarding discrimination andcalibration, (iii) investigation of the potential role ofML in contrast to conventional regression methods forCRs in non-complex eSTS data (small/medium samplesize, low dimensional setting), (iv) practical utility of themethods for prediction

      Objetivos del estudio

    3. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in applyingmachine learning (ML) for prediction (diagnosis or prog-nosis) of clinical outcomes [12, 13] which has sparked adebate regarding the added value of ML techniques ver-sus SM in the medical field. Criticism is attributed toML prediction models. Despite no assumptions aboutthe data structure are made, and being able to naturallyincorporate interactions between predictive features,they are prone to overfitting of the training data andthey lack extensive assessment of predictive accuracy(i.e., absence of calibration curves) [14, 15]. On the otherhand, traditional regression methods are consideredstraightforward to use and harder to overfit. That beingsaid, they do make certain (usually strong) assumptionssuch as the proportional hazards over time for the Coxmodel, and require manual pre-specification of interac-tion terms.

      pros and cons about machine learning and traditional regression survival analysis such as KM-SV

  13. Feb 2023
    1. For instance, if the user selects a phrase, a button to "Rewrite this phrase" is revealed along with a text input in which the user can describe how they would like the phrase to be rewritten. The user might type "to be funnier" or "to be more melancholy", and the Wordcraft application uses LaMDA and in-context learning to perform the task.
    1. More important, perhaps, than the history of psychoanalytic ideas is the history of the problems that motivated them.

      Evokes Popper's situational analysis.

  14. Jan 2023
  15. Dec 2022
    1. Bitcoin was monetizing this new Anonymous underworld of the internet and um that it was a way to kind of like send a briefcase full of unmarked bills from anywhere across the internet to 00:07:25 anywhere else in the world without identifying yourself and only now you know I mean not quite now but like only about almost a decade later that I kind of fully have this Epiphany that 00:07:38 actually it was the opposite the Bitcoin was the opposite of untraceable that it was in fact extremely traceable and that not only that but but it had served as a kind of trap for people seeking 00:07:51 Financial privacy and particularly criminals uh cyber criminals of every stripe for years and years and once I sort of Saw that this had happened I actually really 00:08:02 it came from seeing Justice departments announcements of takedowns and in each one they credited this one company called chain analysis which was uh I knew at the time a Bitcoin a 00:08:15 cryptocurrency tracing firm and it's began you know I sort of like read the research I'd seen hints over the years of how traceable cryptocurrency was but once I saw like how many of these cases 00:08:27 chain analysis specifically this startup tracing cryptocurrency was involved in

      !- traceability: of cryptocurrency - US government solved many cases with a company called Chain Analysis - who had figured out the vulnerability and traceability of cryptocurrency

    1. The Gish gallop /ˈɡɪʃ ˈɡæləp/ is a rhetorical technique in which a person in a debate attempts to overwhelm their opponent by providing an excessive number of arguments with no regard for the accuracy or strength of those arguments. In essence, it is prioritizing quantity of one's arguments at the expense of quality of said arguments. The term was coined in 1994 by anthropologist Eugenie Scott, who named it after American creationist Duane Gish and argued that Gish used the technique frequently when challenging the scientific fact of evolution.[1][2] It is similar to another debating method called spreading, in which one person speaks extremely fast in an attempt to cause their opponent to fail to respond to all the arguments that have been raised.

      I'd always known this was a thing, but didn't have a word for it.

    1. We repeat this procedure 10,000 times. The value of 10,000 was selected because 9604 is the minimum size of samples required to estimate an error of 1 % with 95 % confidence [this is according to a conservative method; other methods also require <10,000 samples size (Newcombe 1998)]
    1. In this work, we develop the “Multi-Agent, Multi-Attitude” (MAMA) model which incorporates several key factors of attitude diffusion: (1) multiple, interacting attitudes; (2) social influence between individuals; and (3) media influence. All three components have strong support from the social science community.

      several key factors of attitude diffusion: 1. multiple, interacting attitudes 2. social influence between individuals 3. media influence

    1. Determinants and outcomes of physical activityin patients with COPD: a systematic review

      Determinants and outcomes of physical activity in patients with COPD: a systematic review

    Tags

    Annotators

  16. Nov 2022
    1. Trope, trope, trope, strung into a Gish Gallop.

      One of the issues we see in the Sunday morning news analysis shows (Meet the Press, Face the Nation, et al.) is that there is usually a large amount of context collapse mixed with lack of general knowledge about the topics at hand compounded with large doses of Gish Gallop and F.U.D. (fear, uncertainty, and doubt).

    1. Meta-analysis statistical procedures provide a measure of the difference between two groups thatis expressed in quantitative units that are comparable across studies

      The units are only "comparable across studies" if there weren't any mishaps (eg, clinical or methodological heterogeneity). If there's clinical heterogeneity, then we're probably comparing apples to oranges (ie, either participants, interventions, or outcomes are different among studies). If there's methodological heterogeneity, then that means there's a difference in study design

    1. PDF summary by Cochrane for planning a meta-analysis at the protocol stage. Gives guidance on how to anticipate & deal with various types of heterogeneity (clinical, methodological , & statistical). Link to paper

      Covers - ways to assess heterogeneity - courses of action if substantial heterogeneity is found - methods to examine the influence of effect modifiers (either to explore heterogeneity or because there's good reason to suggest specific features of participants/interventions/study types will influence effects of the intervention. - methods include subgroup analyses & meta-regression

    2. Statistical heterogeneity is the term given to differences in the effects of interventions and comesabout because of clinical and/or methodological differences between studies (ie it is a consequenceof clinical and/or methodological heterogeneity). Although some variation in the effects ofinterventions between studies will always exist, whether this variation is greater than what isexpected by chance alone needs to be determined.

      If the statistical heterogeneity is larger that what's expected by chance alone, then what does that imply? That there's either clinical or methodological heterogeneity within the pooled studies.

      What's the impact of the presence of clinical heterogeneity? The statistical heterogeneity (variation of effects/results of interventions) becomes greater than what's expected by chance alone

      What's happens if methodological heterogeneity is present? The statistical heterogeneity (variation of effects/results of interventions) becomes greater than what's expected by chance alone

    1. A typical ridiculous, unquestioned business adage is "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it." That's BS on the face of it, because the vast majority of important things we manage at work aren't measurable, from the quality of our new hires to the confidence we instill in a fledgling manager.
  17. Oct 2022
    1. McMaster's Stephen Girard(1918), he said, was a "series of anecdotes . . . without connection"and with little interpretation or analysis." In Rhodes's last twovolumes the facts rarely appeared "to have meaning or to be partsof a coherent structure." " "No simple theme, like that whichdominated his great work, is apparent here. Mr. Rhodes has notseen any constructive unity in the years he covers. Instead of mak-ing a synthesis that would of itself lead the reader to a clearerunderstanding of American history . . . , he has developed his topicsparagraph by paragraph, with often abrupt transition from themeto theme." 26 His failure in the final product followed,

      Paxson would have considered it a failure in note taking to have only compiled but not to have synthesized one's accumulated knowledge.

      Why take notes if one is not going to use them to some end, whether that be personally in one's life, or to extend and expand the depth and breadth of human knowledge by analyzing and synthesizing the ideas to create something new for others' benefit?

    1. In the interest of reducing warranty claims (which are much more expensive than that incremental manufacturing cost) carmakers are sizing the whole unit to reliably accommodate the worst case draw (driver turns everything on at the same time, at idle).
    1. If not, his teacher and his fellow-pupils, trained alongthe same lines, would be quick to point out where he was wrong; for it wasthey whom he had to seek to persuade.

      Surely Sayers would be appalled by the current state of political argument... The "Sunday Shows" are full of talking points and all of the wrong sorts of "rhetoric" without much, if any basis in fact.

    1. and dissolves into the melting potto disappear in shame.

      Another nationalist rejection of assimiliation into other cultures, seeing it as "disappear"ing and "shame"ful.

    2. gave a lasting truth that         SpaniardIndianMestizowere all God’s children.

      Spanish law had very specific classes depending on your race, Spaniard, Indian, or Mestizo. Different laws applied to the different races, but they were all given protection under the law. This was very different from the way the English and Americans treated natives. The Catholic Church, being an important political aspect of Spain, reinforced this legal status as well.

    3. I am the eagle and serpentof Aztec civilization.

      According to the Wikipedia article on Aztec legend, they were told where to settle where they saw an eagle perched on a cactus, eating a snake. I believe this is saying that the speaker's cultural identity, and his strength of his conviction for la Raza, is the new frontier on which the descendants of the Aztec civilization should settle. This nationalism is the new foundation of the birthright of the Aztecs.

    4. MY OWN PEOPLE.

      I think this is a call to Nationalism, which was key to the manifesto of El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán. When the speaker is driven to tears, feeling hatred for the society oppressing him, he retreats to the safety of his cultural identity, of la Raza.

    5. thatmonstrous, technicalindustrial giant

      The industrial revolution, which I am studying in another literature class, had an enormous impact on agrarian lifestyles, and was not felt in the mostly agrarian areas of the US-Mexico border until later than it was in Europe or the American Northeast. The industrial processing of cash crops introduced the economy of scale into farming, and small, subsistence farming class was slowly strangled out, leaving super rich planters and landowners and laborers in the wake. The "monstrous, technical industrial giant," is the destruction of small farmers in favor of sharecropping and tenant farming.

    6. Yes,I have come a long way to nowhere,

      This is the quintessence of the immigrant experience into America, I feel. Having come a long way, only to wind up somewhere with no welcome for you, that will try to take your cultural identity from you or else punish you with economic want.

    7. My fathershave lost the economic battleand wonthe struggle of cultural survival

      I believe this couplet is a direct reference to El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán, the manifesto of economic recovery and cultural pride. These lines feel like the "thesis statement" of the poem, because of their position before the "And now!" and at the end of the introduction where we learn the sorry state of the speaker.

    1. here are several ways I havefound useful to invite the sociological imagination:

      C. Wright Mills delineates a rough definition of "sociological imagination" which could be thought of as a framework within tools for thought: 1. Combinatorial creativity<br /> 2. Diffuse thinking, flâneur<br /> 3. Changing perspective (how would x see this?) Writing dialogues is a useful method to accomplish this. (He doesn't state it, but acting as a devil's advocate is a useful technique here as well.)<br /> 4. Collecting and lay out all the multiple viewpoints and arguments on a topic. (This might presume the method of devil's advocate I mentioned above 😀)<br /> 5. Play and exploration with words and terms<br /> 6. Watching levels of generality and breaking things down into smaller constituent parts or building blocks. (This also might benefit of abstracting ideas from one space to another.)<br /> 7. Categorization or casting ideas into types 8. Cross-tabulating and creation of charts, tables, and diagrams or other visualizations 9. Comparative cases and examples - finding examples of an idea in other contexts and time settings for comparison and contrast 10. Extreme types and opposites (or polar types) - coming up with the most extreme examples of comparative cases or opposites of one's idea. (cross reference: Compass Points https://hypothes.is/a/Di4hzvftEeyY9EOsxaOg7w and thinking routines). This includes creating dimensions of study on an object - what axes define it? What indices can one find data or statistics on? 11. Create historical depth - examples may be limited in number, so what might exist in the historical record to provide depth.

  18. Sep 2022
    1. However, unevaluatedProperties has dynamic behavior, meaning that the set of properties to which it applies cannot be determined from static analysis of the schema (either the immediate schema object or any subschemas of that object).

      annotation meta: may need new tag:

      dynamic behavior vs. static analysis [not quite parallel]

      or can we reuse something else like?: lexical semantics vs. run-time semantics

    1. The idea that analysis must precede synthesis is old, of course. Galileo Galilei and René Descartes already thought it was necessary to distinguish between an analytic and a synthetic step in dealing with any problem.

      Langlois/Seignobos talk about this in their text Introduction aux études historiques (1879) as well, focusing especially on the analysis portion to have a solid base of historical information from which to build and create a synthesis.

    1. Taking carbon steel as an example, as shown in Picture 1, using a 1000w fiber laser cutting machine, for carbon steel materials thickness below 10mm, when the thickness of carbon steel is less than 2mm, the cutting speed per minute can be up to 8 meters. When the thickness is 6mm, the cutting speed is about 1.6 meters per minute, and when the thickness of the carbon steel is 10 mm, the cutting speed is about 0.6 to 0.7 meters per minute.

      Taking carbon steel as an example, as shown in Picture 1, using a 1000w fiber laser cutting machine, for carbon steel materials thickness below 10mm, when the thickness of carbon steel is less than 2mm, the cutting speed per minute can be up to 8 meters. When the thickness is 6mm, the cutting speed is about 1.6 meters per minute, and when the thickness of the carbon steel is 10 mm, the cutting speed is about 0.6 to 0.7 meters per minute.

      • Taking carbon steel as an example, as shown in Picture 1, using a 1000w fiber laser cutting machine, for carbon steel materials thickness below 10mm, when the thickness of carbon steel is less than 2mm, the cutting speed per minute can be up to 8 meters. When the thickness is 6mm, the cutting speed is about 1.6 meters per minute, and when the thickness of the carbon steel is 10 mm, the cutting speed is about 0.6 to 0.7 meters per minute.

      It can be seen that when the thickness of carbon steel material is less than 2mm, customers who attach great importance to cutting speed can consider using 2000W fiber laser cutting machine, but the 2000W machine is much higher than 1000W in equipment price and operating cost. When the carbon steel material is larger than 2mm, the 2000W machine is not much faster than the 1000W cutting speed. Therefore, the 1000W fiber laser cutting machine is more cost-effective than the 2000W fiber laser cutting machine.

      The cutting speed can directly reflect the efficiency of the fiber laser cutting machine. For cutting different materials with different thickness, the cutting speed will also change greatly. The thicker the thickness, the slower the speed!

  19. Aug 2022
    1. ReconfigBehSci. (2021, November 26). maybe this is a good moment to remind people that makers of mRNA vaccines have been extensively prepping for the possibility of new variants. Biontech/Pfizer have given a timeline of 100 days to the delivery of a retooled version of their vaccine [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464225264523747359

    1. ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 13). RT @DrEricDing: 11) Omicron is doubling every 1.6 days in UK 🇬🇧 according to @DrWilliamKu’s figure. That’s way faster growth than in South… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1470451594378502154

    1. John Burn-Murdoch. (2021, November 25). Five quick tweets on the new variant B.1.1.529 Caveat first: Data here is very preliminary, so everything could change. Nonetheless, better safe than sorry. 1) Based on the data we have, this variant is out-competing others far faster than Beta and even Delta did 🚩🚩 https://t.co/R2Ac4e4N6s [Tweet]. @jburnmurdoch. https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch/status/1463956686075580421

    1. ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 9). a rather worrying development- a (local) newspaper “fact checking” the new German health minister simply by interviewing a virologist who happens to have a different view. There’s simply no established “fact” as to the severity of omicron in children at this point in time [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1469037817481334786

    1. I wanted to read this article because I love Kon's movies and I'm curious what the link to social media is.

    1. For the sake of simplicity, go to Graph Analysis Settings and disable everything but Co-Citations, Jaccard, Adamic Adar, and Label Propogation. I won't spend my time explaining each because you can find those in the net, but these are essentially algorithms that find connections for you. Co-Citations, for example, uses second order links or links of links, which could generate ideas or help you create indexes. It essentially automates looking through the backlinks and local graphs as it generates possible relations for you.
  20. Jul 2022
    1. Adversely, the Topics feature did not seem super helpful which was surprising because I initially thought that this feature would be helpful, but it just did not seem super relevant or accurate. Maybe this is because as a work of literature, the themes of the play are much more symbolic and figurative than the literal words that the play uses. Perhaps this function would work better for text that is more nonfiction based, or at least more literal. 

      I read your Voyant analysis of Henrik Ibsen's "A Doll's House," and I think we almost pick the same tools that we believe to be crucial for our text analysis. Like you, I mostly visualize my chosen literary work with Cirrus, Terms, Berry, and Trends. I also use links to ?look into how these words are used interdependently to contextualize the story told. I also had difficulty understanding how functions like Topics would benefit my understanding of the texts on a layered and complex level. I checked and thought maybe the problem was with the word count of the document. By default setting, Topics generates the first 1000 words in a document, and A Doll's House has 26210 words. In order to use this tool in the most efficient way possible, you can try to use the Topics slider ( the scroll bar) to adjust the number of topics you want to generate (max is 200). I have read A Doll's House before, so I couldn't speak for those who haven't. However, the clusters of chosen terms hint to me that this fiction deals with bureaucracy and finance via repeated words like "works," "money," and "paper." I can also recognize some words classified as names, so many characters are involved in the story. There is also a vague clue of the story's setting, which is during the winter season, from the repetition of the word "Christmas." It appears that someone is getting angry at someone for their wrongdoings, and this drama occurs in a family. While Topics cannot give me a complete storyline, it gives me a good chunk of puzzles to piece together the core gist of the story. It happened to me when I analyzed Herman Melville's Moby Dick. Words like "whale," "sea," "sailor," and "chase" allowed me to make a reasonable assumption that there was a group of sailors that went after a giant whale in the sea. I still prefer to use other tools, but that was how I utilized Topics for my knowledge of the text. I agree that text with more literal content, like self-help books, would definitely yield better results with Voyant Tools' Topics.

    1. Historical Context and Path Dependence

      … of the so-called path dependence and historical context in contextual political analysis. It analyzes the different meanings and uses of the concept of path dependence in contemporary …

    1. Path Dependence in Historical Sociology

      … This article does not seek to reorient all such modes of analysis toward the study of path dependence. Nevertheless, the article does seek to establish that path-dependent analysis …

    1. … This article does not seek to reorient all such modes of analysis toward the study of path dependence. Nevertheless, the article does seek to establish that path-dependent analysis …
    2. … of the so-called path dependence and historical context in contextual political analysis. It analyzes the different meanings and uses of the concept of path dependence in contemporary …
    3. J Mahoney, D Schensul - … of contextual political analysis, 2006 - scholars.northwestern.edu
  21. Jun 2022
    1. Thus flexibility is an important virtue in computer-assisted textual analysis, and testing a project on a subset of texts or methods can avoid wasted effort.

      Flexibility has almost become a sought-after characteristics of any projects ever conducted in this world, let alone those that belong to the school of humanities. Any individual or group entering a long-term project should be aware that predicting the outcome of the project is never a part of their project. It's impossible to identify and avoid surprise factors on a long road, but it's definitely possible to have an open mindset that's ready fpr any difficulty coming along the way and for brainstorming solutions that resolve this "shock". In many cases, these unexpected variables are what that renders the project memorable and special and sustainable and valid and reliable. In many cases, changing the initial direction of the project when faced with these unforeseen elements are for the better and produce even better results. Testing out different methods on textual analysis is a particularly great advice for those who are bound to carry a project in the coming future.

    1. pathways examined here addressed a nexus with six foci of analysis, which were chosen to represent important nature-related challenges to sustainable development and to reflect the underlying bodies of literature (e.g. food production is split between the land and the oceans). These six were considered separately while attending to interdependencies: ● Feeding humanity without deteriorating nature on land; ● Meeting climate goals while maintaining nature and nature's contributions to people; ● Conserving and restoring nature on land while contributing positively to human well-being; ● Maintaining freshwater for nature and humanity; ● Balancing food provision from oceans and coasts with nature protection; and ● Resourcing growing cities while maintaining the nature that underpins them.

      six focus areas of nexus analysis

    2. nexus analysis

      trans-disciplinary approach.

    1. The 1619 Project is more, however, than a national charter of grievances and despair. It is also mendacious

      mendacious is quite the loaded word.

    2. So with 1620, Wood seeks to take us not back to the ‘60s, nor to the decades that preceded it, but forward to a better place, one where we center our understanding of America on the ideals and customs that have allowed the country to overcome its challenges

      very positive judgment of Wood—"better place" (composition)

    3. As Wood makes clear at the start of 1620, “The larger aim of the 1619 Project is to change America’s understanding of itself,” and it is attempting to do that by misleading the nation’s most impressionable minds

      This example is interesting because of the use of "it"—this uses the language of judgement (to mislead is to do something unethical), but applying it to an agent-less target

    4. Why is this all needed? The 1619 Project is a venture by the Times to rewrite history and to put slavery at the center of America’s story. It contends that everything about our lives today still revolves around slavery and racism. Along the way, its authors have made a series of other outlandish claims

      Evaluation: Reaction? I think...

    5. “Our democracy’s founding ideals were false when they were written,” began the project’s foundational essay, by Nikole Hannah-Jones, the pugnacious architect of the 1619 Project.

      judgement: perhaps social sanction?

  22. May 2022
    1. This came in the context of weighing what she stood to gain and lose in leaving a staff job at BuzzFeed. She knew the worth of what editors, fact-checkers, designers, and other colleagues brought to a piece of writing. At the same time, she was tired of working around the “imperatives of social media sharing.” Clarity and concision are not metrics imposed by the Facebook algorithm, of course — but perhaps such concerns lose some of their urgency when readers have already pledged their support.

      Continuing with the idea above about the shift of Sunday morning talk shows and the influence of Hard Copy, is social media exerting a negative influence on mainstream content and conversation as a result of their algorithmic gut reaction pressure? How can we fight this effect?

    2. Matt Taibbi asked his subscribers in April. Since they were “now functionally my editor,” he was seeking their advice on potential reporting projects. One suggestion — that he write about Ibram X. Kendi and Robin DiAngelo — swiftly gave way to a long debate among readers over whether race was biological.

      There's something here that's akin to the idea of bikeshedding? Online communities flock to the low lying ideas upon which they can proffer an opinion and play at the idea of debate. If they really cared, wouldn't they instead delve into the research and topics themselves? Do they really want Taibbi's specific take? Do they want or need his opinion on the topic? What do they really want?

      Compare and cross reference this with the ideas presented by Ibram X. Kendi's article There Is No Debate Over Critical Race Theory.

      Are people looking for the social equivalent of a simple "system one" conversation or are they ready, willing, and able to delve into a "system two" presentation?

      Compare this also with the modern day version of the Sunday morning news (analysis) shows? They would seem to be interested in substantive policy and debate, but they also require a lot of prior context to participate. In essence, most speakers don't actually engage, but spew out talking points instead and rely on gut reactions and fear, uncertainty and doubt to make their presentations. What happened to the actual discourse? Has there been a shift in how these shows work and present since the rise of the Hard Copy sensationalist presentation? Is the competition for eyeballs weakening these analysis shows?

      How might this all relate to low level mansplaining as well? What are men really trying to communicate in demonstrating this behavior? What do they gain in the long run? What is the evolutionary benefit?

      All these topics seem related somehow within the spectrum of communication and what people look for and choose in what and how they consume content.

  23. Apr 2022
    1. Carl T. Bergstrom. (2021, August 18). 1. There has been lots of talk about recent data from Israel that seem to suggest a decline in vaccine efficacy against severe disease due to Delta, waning protection, or both. This may have even been a motivation for Biden’s announcement that the US would be adopting boosters. [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1427767356600688646

    1. Trevor Bedford. (2022, January 10). Given ~680k cases per day, this would in turn suggest 0.8% or 1% of the US being infected with SARS-CoV-2 every day. This would translate to perhaps 5% or 10% of individuals currently infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the US. 15/15 [Tweet]. @trvrb. https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1480610448563060738

  24. Mar 2022
    1. A Narrative Framework for Understanding Experiences of People With Severe Mental Illnesses - https://is.gd/5pC1pA - urn:x-pdf:1e3bc85eda04e09f205615c0874637bb

    Tags

    Annotators

  25. Feb 2022
    1. incorporate their demographics, motivations (i.e. reasons for enrolling), engagement and learning outcomes to develop learner profiles. In that sense, a latent class analysis (LCA) is applied, an unsupervised machine learning technique

      methodology

    1. Yamasoba, D., Kimura, I., Nasser, H., Morioka, Y., Nao, N., Ito, J., Uriu, K., Tsuda, M., Zahradnik, J., Shirakawa, K., Suzuki, R., Kishimoto, M., Kosugi, Y., Kobiyama, K., Hara, T., Toyoda, M., Tanaka, Y. L., Butlertanaka, E. P., Shimizu, R., … Sato, K. (2022). Virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 variant (p. 2022.02.14.480335). bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.14.480335

    1. Gap analysis in 4 steps Instead of groping around in the dark, a gap analysis of the gap leads us through a detailed investigation of where our organization is currently and where we want to be. This allows us to act on the basis of facts, not on the basis of assumptions.

    1. Founded in partnership with a team of entrepreneurial journalists who believe in a better model to create excellent content while narrowing the synapse between elite creators and their audiences.

      http://puck.news/who-is-puck/

      Another platform play of journalists banding together to find a niche space of readers.

    1. https://puck.news/

      Along with the proliferation of newsletters and paid journalism spaces, is this another in the litany of sites that do news analysis while chasing eyeballs? Is it following in the tradition of the move from hard news (or tiny amounts of it) to loud news analysis a la Fox News?

      Will we see the volume and partisanship increase in this newsletter/paywall space over the next decade until the next thing arrives?

    1. Newsletters are an imperfect antidote to that, allowing writers a closer relationship with a more focused audience.

      The ultimate value of newsletters is their more direct connection to a specific niche audience for which they curate news or content. The value they provide readers is as a filter of their area with some some useful analysis and perspective.

  26. Jan 2022
    1. It’s a lot more work to give people an interesting puzzle to solve, support them with high expectations all the way through them doing something genuinely compelling and interesting with the synthesis (and they know when you’re just BSing them), and hold them to high standards while also modeling the appropriate behaviors yourself. It’s almost impossible with class sizes upwards of 40 and class periods of 40 minutes and most of the system isn’t actually optimized for achieving that anyway
    2. education has been moving farther and farther away from memorization-based learning. The standardized tests I give are modeled off of the AP History exams’ Document Based Questions, which prioritize analysis and communication skills over rote memorization.

      Education has been moving farther away from memorization-based learning and instead prioritizing analysis and communication skills.

  27. Dec 2021
    1. A Marm Kilpatrick. (2021, November 24). How do we get broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 that will protect against future variants? 2 studies (are there more?) suggest that vaccination followed by infection gives broader protection than infection followed by vaccination. @florian_krammer @profshanecrotty @GuptaR_lab https://t.co/rqdf6rE9ej [Tweet]. @DiseaseEcology. https://twitter.com/DiseaseEcology/status/1463391782742335491