- Last 7 days
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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- Nov 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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the transformation of feudalism to capitalism power shifts from land owners to the owners of factories
for - economic power shift - from feudalism to capitalism - land owner to factory owner - Yanis Varoufakis
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- Oct 2024
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www.carbonbrief.org www.carbonbrief.org
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Erstmals wurde genau erfasst, welcher Teil der von Waldbränden betroffenen Gebiete sich auf die menschlich verursachte Erhitzung zurückführen lässt. Er wächst seit 20 Jahren deutlich an. Insgesamt kompensieren die auf die Erhitzung zurückgehenden Waldbrände den Rückgang an Bränden durch Entwaldung. Der von Menschen verursachte – und für die Berechnung von Schadensansprüchen relevante – Anteil der CO2-Emissione ist damit deutlich höher als bisher angenommen https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-almost-wipes-out-decline-in-global-area-burned-by-wildfires/
Tags
- World Weather Attribution
- Natural Environment Research Council
- CO2-Emissionen von Waldbränden
- Transdisciplinary Fire Centre at the University of Tasmania.
- increasing risk oft wildfires
- Global Carbon Budget
- Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
- global
- David Bowman
- Matthew W. Jones
- attribution
- Global rise in forest fire emissions linked to climate change in the extratropics
- land use change
- Global burned area increasingly explained by climate change
- Seppe Lampe
- Maria Barbosa
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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2023 haben Böden und Landpflanzen fast kein CO2 absorbiert. Dieser Kollaps der Landsenken vor allem durch Dürren und Waldbrände wurde in diesem Ausmaß kaum vorausgesehen, und es ist nicht klar, ob auf ihn eine Regeneration folgt. Er stellt Klimamodelle ebenso in Frage wie die meisten nationalen Pläne zum Erreichen von CO2-Neutralität, weil sie auf natürlichen Senken an Land beruhen. Es gibt Anzeichen dafür, dass die steigenden Temperaturen inzwischen auch die CO2-Aufnahmefähigkeit der Meere schwächen. Überblicksartikel mit Links zu Studien https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/oct/14/nature-carbon-sink-collapse-global-heating-models-emissions-targets-evidence-aoe
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- Johan Rockström
- French Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences
- Impact of high temperature heat waves on ocean carbon sinks: Based on literature analysis perspective
- Low latency carbon budget analysis reveals a large decline of the land carbon sink in 2023
- The role of forests in the EU climate policy: are we on the right track?
- date::2024-10-14
- A warming climate will make Australian soil a net emitter of atmospheric CO2
- Schwächung der marinen Kohlenstoffsenken
- Philippe Ciais
- by: Patrick Greenfield
- 2023
- Schwächung der terrestrischen Kohlenstoffsenken
- Global Carbon Budget
- Andrew Watson
- The enduring world forest carbon sink
- Tim Lenton
- Pierre Friedlingstein
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Noch nie ist die CO2-Konzentration in der Atmosphäre so stark gestiegen wie im vergangenen Jahr, nämlich um 3,37 parts per million (PPM). Die Konzentration liegt jetzt bei 422 PPM. Vor allem die sehr geringe CO2-Aufnahme durch Ozean- und Landsenken hat diese Steigerung verursacht https://taz.de/Hiobsbotschaft-fuers-Klima/!6040258/
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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1:06:53 The true constraints are the resources that are available (and if those resources will co-create together for the good of the WHOLE).
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- credit unions
- public transport
- employment
- Employers
- Employees
- Predators
- interns
- Land
- Food
- shamans
- Community Shadows
- volunteers
- informal time trading
- parks
- carers
- The true constraints are the resources that are available (and if those resources will co-create together for the good of the WHOLE).
- uneducation
- Healthcare
- trees
- factories
- gift economy
- Energy
- unemployment
- People
- Social Entrpreneurs
- playground
- Co-creation
- barter
- technolgy
- business
- community centres
- water
- banks
- timebanks
- education
- Predatory Debt
- transporttation
- Co-operation
- Water
- shop
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- Sep 2024
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Our estimated safe ESB is that around 50–60% of global land surface should be in largely intact, natural condition to halt species extinction, secure biosphere contributions to climate regulation, and stabilise regional water cycles.
for - stats - earth system boundary - biodiversity - intact natural systems - 50 to 60% global land need to be intact
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- Apr 2024
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docs.rangelandsgateway.org docs.rangelandsgateway.org
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Naturalized pasture is different from rangeland in that rangeland includes the following
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Mostgrazing lands are considered either range or pasture, but grazing lands also include grazed forest lands, grazed croplands, and haylands. These other land use types make up an additional 106 million acres of privately-owned grazing lands, or about 17percentof the total U.S. grazing lands
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docs.rangelandsgateway.org docs.rangelandsgateway.org
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Rangeland can includethe following:(i)natural lands that have not been cultivatedand consist of a historic complement of adapted plant species; and(ii) natural (go-back lands, old-field) or converted revegetated lands that are managed like native vegetation. Note: The USDA-NRCS rangeland Natural Resources Inventory (NRI) includes this designation in their definition of rangeland. In assessing rangeland conditions and health, keeping these designations separate would provide for more detailed information about rangeland trends and health
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In summary, public and private rangeland resources provide a wide variety of EGS. Additionally,spiritual values are vital to the well-being of ranching operations, surrounding communities, and the nation as a whole. Society is placing multiple demands on the nation’s natural resources,and it is extremely important that NRCS be able to provide resource data and technical assistance at local and national levels. (4) Rangelands are in constant jeopardy, either from misuse or conversion to other uses. Holechek et al. (2004) andHolechek (2013) states that in the next 100 years, up to 40percentof U.S. rangelands could be converted and lost to other uses. Land-use shifts from grazing use to urbanization will be much greater in areas of more rapid population increases and associated appreciating land values. Projections supporting forage demand suggestthat changes in land use will decrease the amount of land available for grazing to a greater extent in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountains,compared to the North or South Assessment Regions (Mitchell 2000).(5) As society attempts to satisfy multiple demands with limited resources, many ranching and farming operations seek to expand operations for multiple goods and services beyond traditional cattle production. Some diversifiedenterprises may include the following: (i) Management to enhance wildlife abundance and diversityfor fishing, hunting and non-hunting activities(ii) Maintaining habitat for rare plants(iii) Accommodatingnature enthusiasts, bird watchers, and amateur botanists. (6) Planning, evaluation, and communication are necessary steps (consult conservation planning steps) prior to initiating any new rangeland EGS-based enterprises.
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- Mar 2024
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Georgia also instituted a policy of keeping the land “tail-male,”which meant that land descended to the eldest male child. This feudal rulebound men to their families. The tail-male provision protected heirs whosepoor fathers might otherwise feel pressure to sell their land.53
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- Feb 2024
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www.gutenberg.org www.gutenberg.org
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"A surveyor from Roberval will be in the parish next week. If anyone wishes his land surveyed before mending his fences for the summer, this is to let him know.
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- Jan 2024
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Die neue Ausgabe des Bodenatlas dokumentiert unter anderem die anhaltenden Prozesse der Bodenversiegelung, Verschlechterung von Böden und der Aneignung von Böden durch große Investoren. Global 2000 hat eine österreichische Version produziert. https://www.sn.at/panorama/oesterreich/bodenatlas-ressource-schluesselfunktion-151379584
Download Bodenatlas (Österreichische Ausgabe):https://www.global2000.at/sites/global/files/bodenatlas2024_oesterreich_web_20231214.pdf
Deutsche Ausgabe: https://www.boell.de/de/bodenatlas
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www.derstandard.at www.derstandard.at
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Aktueller Überblick zu Emissionen und Landnutzung in Österreich die Emissionen durch die Landwirtschaft nehmen schon länger ab, während Wälder in Österreich zunehmend als CO2 senken fungieren. Wichtigste Ursache für die Emissionen ist nach wie vor die Viehhaltung. Https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000200378/wie-die-landnutzung-helfen-kann-das-klima-zu-schuetzen
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- Oct 2023
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Environmental Impact of WW1 by NHC Education Programs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lucJElPVYOk
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- Aug 2023
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blog.logrocket.com blog.logrocket.com
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sveltekit-is-land.vercel.app sveltekit-is-land.vercel.app
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- Jun 2023
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Fossile Brennstoffe, umweltschädliche Landwirtschaft und Fischfang werden jährlich mit mindestens 7,25 Billionen Dollar subventioniert. Insgesamt fließen pro Minute 23 Millionen Dollar umweltschädliche Subventionen – 8% des Bruttosozialprodukts. Mit 577 Milliarden USD waren fossile Subventionen 2021 doppelt so hoch wie die für Erneuerbare und fast sechsmal so hoch wie die zugesagte Klimafinanzierung für den globalen Süden. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/15/vast-fossil-fuel-and-farming-subsidies-causing-environmental-havoc-world-bank
Bericht der Weltbank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange/publication/detox-development
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- May 2023
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gateway.ipfs.io gateway.ipfs.io
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His ideas for creating the “Pure Land inthe Human Realm” extend to several kinds of activity: from seeking rebirth ina Buddhist paradise such as Uttarakuru to purifying the present world throughreform activities; from improving peoples’ lives by fostering technologicalinnovation to establishing a utopian mountaintop Buddhist community inwhich esoteric rituals for the welfare of the nation would have an importantplace
Activities leading to a Pure Land in the Human Realm.
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- Sep 2022
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Theidealized image of American society is one of abundant opportunities, withhard work being rewarded by economic prosperity. Consequently, those whofail to get ahead have only themselves to blame according to this argument. Itis within this context that America thinks of itself as a fair and meritocraticsociety in which people get what they deserve in life.
There is a variety of confounding myths in America which tend to hold us down. These include economic mobility, meritocracy, poverty, and the land of opportunity.
With respect to the "land of opportunity", does positive press of a small number of cases from an earlier generation outweigh the actual experience of the majority?
There was a study on The Blitz in London and England in general in World War II which showed that despite high losses in general, enough people knew one or more who'd lost someone or something to the extreme but that the losses weren't debilitating from a loss perspective and generally served to boost overall morale. Higher losses may have been more demoralizing and harmful, but didn't happen. (Find this source: possibly Malcolm Gladwell??)
Is this sort of psychological effect at play socially and politically in America and thereby confounding our progress?
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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we only have what's called the right of occupancy to the land like a fish would occupy water our bird would occupy the air and Europeans have the right of discovery to the land the fee title to the land
"Right of Occupancy" versus "Right of Discovery"
In the 1823 Supreme Court decision of Johnson vs. M'Intosh, the court determined that the "Right of Discovery"—where title to the land flowed from the government's discovery action—trumped the "Right of Occupancy"—where the native tribe transferred title to the land. This created the legal precedent for [[land titles]].
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- Aug 2022
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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I'm in Tiohtiá:ke, also known as Montreal, which is the traditional unseeded land of the Kanien’kehà:ka people, part of the Haudenosaunee
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Jake Fiennes, the head of conservation at the Holkham estate in Norfolk and author of nature-friendly farming book Land Healer, said he was unsurprised by the results of the report
Es ist interessant, dass die ökologische Produktion nicht weniger effizient ist als die konventionelle. Es hat offenbar – wie bei der Energie, folgt man Malm – andere Gründe, wenn sie abgelehnt wird.
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10-year project by the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology revealed that nature-friendly farming methods boost biodiversity without reducing average yield
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www.derstandard.at www.derstandard.at
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Ergebnisse des Farmland Bird Index für 2021
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- Jul 2022
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bafybeiapea6l2v2aio6hvjs6vywy6nuhiicvmljt43jtjvu3me2v3ghgmi.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeiapea6l2v2aio6hvjs6vywy6nuhiicvmljt43jtjvu3me2v3ghgmi.ipfs.dweb.link
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The vast area of the world managed by In-digenous Peoples (at least 25 to 28% of landsurface) (Fig. 4) under various property re-gimes is no exception to these trends. Becauseof their large extent, the fact that nature isoverall better preserved within them (60), andbecause of the diverse stewardship practicescarried within them around the world (Fig. 4,A to I), the fate of nature in these lands hasimportant consequences for wider societyas well as for local livelihoods, health, andknowledge transmission (67).
The roughly 25% of area that is (better) managed by indigenous people is also under threat from practices beyond their control.
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- Jun 2022
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teachingamericanhistory.org teachingamericanhistory.org
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It is a fact that lands have been sold for five shillings, which were worth one hundred pounds: if sheriffs, thus immediately under the eye of our state legislature and judiciary, have dared to commit these outrages, what would they not have done if their masters had been at Philadelphia or New York?
This is almost hilarious in light of how the U.S. Government has since repeatedly dispossessed Indigenous Americans of their lands for far less than "five shillings."
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- May 2022
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Ian Bogost</span> in Ian Bogost on Twitter: "Also everyone should read this mathematical analysis of Candy Land. https://t.co/whCoronRVU" / Twitter (<time class='dt-published'>03/19/2021 09:04:59</time>)</cite></small>
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- Feb 2022
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thehustle.co thehustle.co
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So to attract newcomers, towns have attempted a dizzying array of stunts and initiatives.
Have they considered consolidation? Abandon three or four cities to aggregate into one?
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- Dec 2021
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learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
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Already tens of thousands of years ago, one can find evidence ofobjects – very often precious stones, shells or other items ofadornment – being moved around over enormous distances. Oftenthese were just the sort of objects that anthropologists would laterfind being used as ‘primitive currencies’ all over the world.
Is it also possible that these items may have served the purpose of mnemonic devices as a means of transporting (otherwise invisible) information from one area or culture to another?
Can we build evidence for this from the archaeological record?
Relate this to the idea of expanding the traditional "land, labor, capital" theory of economics to include "information" as a basic building block
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- Nov 2021
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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The negative indirect effects of additional land-use change may outweigh the positive direct effects on global climate and biodiversity, so that a large-scale switch to organic farming in the EU could possibly turn out to be a disservice to global sustainability.
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organic farming often requires more land than conventional farming for the same quantity of food output.
land use
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sharonede.medium.com sharonede.medium.com
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Land rezoning and infrastructure decisions, such as rezoning from industrial or farmland to residential land, or building a new transport hub, generate windfall gains to private owners. While some of this is captured in the form of development contributions, the private value capture is much greater than what it contributes back to public coffers.Rezoning of land and infrastructure investment decisions undertaken by government create enormous amounts of private value:Throughout Australia, when land is rezoned from industrial to high-rise residential, a charge is levied to help fund the required infrastructure. A well-situated industrial site in Sydney’s inner west was bought for $8.5 million, rezoned high density residential, then sold again for $48.5 million. The 470% windfall was the result of a government decision: rezoning.
Rezoning is a key leakage of value from the commons to the private sector. This needs to be addressed in creative ways so that the commons can flourish. Rezoning can be viewed as a form of predatory capitalism, a form of theft from the commons by the private sector. Land owners who reap the benefits don't even think they are committing this theft because it is such normative behavior!
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- Oct 2021
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What does it mean to have governments now calling for these huge tree-planting programs, without talking about Land Back, without foregrounding Indigenous land rights and Indigenous knowledge, and so thinking about what that would mean, what it would mean to look at an entirely new lens for conservation that is not about creating tree museums for carbon sequestration, but really, about returning land.
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www.cbc.ca www.cbc.ca
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land acknowledgments
Shared by Russ Diabo on Twitter.
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www.canadaland.com www.canadaland.com
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When gold was discovered in the Yukon, 100,000 people desperately tried to make it to a small patch of land in one of the most remote environments on the continent. Few made it all the way. The Klondike Gold Rush was many things: a media conspiracy, a ponzi scheme, a land grab. But above all, it was a humanitarian disaster that stretched over much of the Pacific Northwest.
“The truth is that all of the gold that was mined out of the Klondike was under Indigenous land. There was no treaty with any of the Indigenous peoples in the Yukon.”
“That land was stolen by the Canadian state and that gold was whisked away by private interests. The Federal Government only signed land claims with Indigenous peoples in the Yukon in the 1990s, but by that point, almost all the gold had been mined out of the ground.”
“The Klondike gold rush was a rolling disaster that captured tens of thousands of people. When the first European explorers came to the Americas, they came here looking for gold. In the 1890s, that lust for precious metals eventually led men to the farthest reaches of this continent.”
“Today, instead of 100,000 people descending on a small patch of land, you have large corporations digging treasures out of the ground. But the legacies these mining operations leave behind are just like what happened in the Klondike: workers with broken bodies, environmental destruction, the dispossession of Indigenous land, sexual violence. The gold rushes never stopped. They just morphed into something different.”
Canada is Fake
“Canada is not an accident or a work in progress or a thought experiment. I mean that Canada is a scam — a pyramid scheme, a ruse, a heist. Canada is a front. And it’s a front for a massive network of resource extraction companies, oil barons, and mining magnates.”
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upstanderproject.org upstanderproject.org
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The Doctrine of Discovery established a spiritual, political, and legal justification for colonization and seizure of land not inhabited by Christians.
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www.canadaland.com www.canadaland.com
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Stories about the dirty business of Canadian mining.
Canadaland: Commons
Introducing our new season… Mining
Stories about the dirty business of Canadian mining.
Mining is a dirty business, but it is what Canada does best. Three-quarters of the world’s mining companies are best right here in the Great White North.
In our new season, Commons: Mining, we’ll be digging deep into the practices and the history of the extractive industry. From the gold rushes that shaped the country to the cover-ups and the outright frauds at home and abroad.
Canada was built on extracting what lay under the land, no matter the damage it did or who it ended up hurting.
The first episode of Commons: Mining comes out on October 13th.
Canada is fake
Canada is not an accident or a work in progress or a thought experiment. I mean that Canada is a scam — a pyramid scheme, a ruse, a heist. Canada is a front. And it’s a front for a massive network of resource extraction companies, oil barons, and mining magnates.
Extraction Empire
Globally, more than 75% of prospecting and mining companies on the planet are based in Canada. Seemingly impossible to conceive, the scale of these statistics naturally extends the logic of Canada’s historical legacy as state, nation, and now, as global resource empire.
Canada’s Indian Reserve System served, officially, as a strategy of Indigenous apartheid (preceding South African apartheid) and unofficially, as a policy of Indigenous genocide (preceding the Nazi concentration camps of World War II).
Theft on a grand scale
It’s really been about theft on a grand scale. Look at how the United Kingdom became rich, or England and then Britain as it was, at the time. It was through bleeding India dry, we bled $45 trillion out of India. We taxed the subcontinent until there was virtually nothing left, then used a small amount of that tax money to buy its goods. So we were buying goods with their own money. And then we used the phenomenal profits — 100% profits — from that enterprise to finance the capture of other nations, and the colonization of those nations and the citizens, the railways and the other things we built in order to drain wealth out of them.
— George Monbiot
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- Sep 2021
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thetyee.ca thetyee.ca
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Khelsilem Is Young, Squamish and Reshaping the Political Landscape How the kid they called Old Man Rivers is helping to change the future of his people and the region.
“The Squamish Nation fought for decades to get their land back. In 2003, 10.5 acres of the 80-acre government-designated reserve were returned to their original inhabitants.”
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- Mar 2021
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centaurtheatre.com centaurtheatre.com
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The people of the Kanienkéha:ka Nation– known in English as the Mohawk – are now considered the caretakers of the land and water around Montreal. In their language this island bears the name of Tiohtià:ke, which means “broken in two” because of the way the river breaks around it.
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montrealenaction.com montrealenaction.com
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At Montréal in Action, we acknowledge that our work in Tiohtià:ke/Montréal takes place on the unceded Indigenous lands of the Kanien’kehá:ka/Mohawk Nation. Kanien’kehá:ka is known as a gathering place for many First Nations, and we recognize the Kanien’kehá:ka as custodians of the lands and waters on which we gather today. Committed to bringing justice to those who face systemic racism and discrimination in Tiohtià:ke/Montréal, Montreal in Action aims to work alongside Indigenous organizers to empower Indigenous and racialized communities. Through volunteer-led initiatives and the generation of accessible educational content, Montréal in Action strives to raise awareness on the consequences of colonialism and the ways in which it can be resisted.
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www.concordia.ca www.concordia.ca
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I/We would like to begin by acknowledging that Concordia University is located on unceded Indigenous lands. The Kanien’kehá:ka Nation is recognized as the custodians of the lands and waters on which we gather today. Tiohtià:ke/Montréal is historically known as a gathering place for many First Nations. Today, it is home to a diverse population of Indigenous and other peoples. We respect the continued connections with the past, present and future in our ongoing relationships with Indigenous and other peoples within the Montreal community.
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www.mcgill.ca www.mcgill.ca
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Land Acknowledgement McGill University (Tiohtiá:ke/Montreal) is situated on the traditional territory of the Kanien’kehà:ka, a place which has long served as a site of meeting and exchange amongst many First Nations including the Kanien’kehá:ka of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, Huron/Wendat, Abenaki, and Anishinaabeg. We recognize and respect the Kanien’kehà:ka as the traditional custodians of the lands and waters on which we meet today. The Cultural and Indigenous Research in Counselling Psychology (CIRC) lab is committed to supporting the Kanien’kehà:ka and Haudenosaunee Peoples, among other First Nations, Inuit, Métis, and Indigenous Peoples globally. CIRC aims to do all within its power to recruit and support Indigenous students as well as to partner with Indigenous communities in research projects that reflect their priorities.
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www.namics.nysaes.cornell.edu www.namics.nysaes.cornell.edu
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<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Lou Scheffer</span> in Mathematical Analysis of Candyland (<time class='dt-published'>10/26/2007 21:55:07</time>)</cite></small>
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www.lscheffer.com www.lscheffer.com
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<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Ian Bogost</span> in Ian Bogost on Twitter: "Also everyone should read this mathematical analysis of Candy Land. https://t.co/whCoronRVU" / Twitter (<time class='dt-published'>03/19/2021 09:04:59</time>)</cite></small>
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jangawolof.org jangawolof.orgPhrases1
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Dafa ànd ak moroom yi àll ba, fori aloom.
Il est allé dans la brousse ramasser des fruits de Diospyros avec ses camarades.
dafa -- he/she.
ànd v. / ànd bi -- to be together, to go together; copulate; going together, fellowship; placenta.
ak -- and, with, etc.
moroom mi -- comrade of the same age group, equal, companion, neighbor.
yi -- the (plural).
àll bi -- large expanse of uninhabited land, bush; distant, as opposed to home.
ba -- the (indicates distance).
for+i (for) v. -- to pick up.
aloom bi -- edible fruit of Diospyros mespiliformis (aloom gi for the tree).
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www.carbonbrief.org www.carbonbrief.org
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The study, published in Nature Food, presents EDGAR-FOOD – the first database to break down emissions from each stage of the food chain for every year from 1990 to 2015. The database also unpacks emissions by sector, greenhouse gas and country.
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- Jan 2020
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www.clui.org www.clui.org
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- Sep 2019
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www.detourart.com www.detourart.com
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www.atlasobscura.com www.atlasobscura.com
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- Jul 2019
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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How and why did ethnic and national identities acquire their particular meanings? They were forged, I argue, through the struggles between contending social groups over who had access to the land and to the rights of citizenship.
Here is a thesis for the book, the argument of the author. That the social construction of race in America is best understood in the competition between marginalized groups, especially in the context of the united states 'Western Frontier' and settler colonialism, especially with the nascent white nationalists using legal structures and extra-legal violence to oppress and suppress non-whites.
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Introduction "This Land Belongs to Me"
A simple title, but there is a lot to unpackage here! Just from skimming, I can tell this is a very dense read, and it will take a lot of work and time to analyse this from a feminist, militarist, economic, ethnic, racial, religious, linguistic, and legal perspective.
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- May 2019
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www.artsy.net www.artsy.net
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10 pieces of contemporary art Kara Walker Andreas Gursky - land art
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landarts.org landarts.org
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www.artandeducation.net www.artandeducation.net
- Apr 2019
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monthlyreview.org monthlyreview.org
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Marx’s research for Capital included careful study of Justus von Liebig’s work on agricultural chemistry, which he described as “more important for this matter than all the economists put together.”
Marx was reading Liebig and conceived a "matabolic rift" between capitalist society and nature.
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monthlyreview.org monthlyreview.org
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It hardly needs to be added that these new conditions also established the foundation for new and more effective forms of colonial expansion and imperialism, as well as new needs for such expansion, in search of new markets and resources.
Again, connection between emerging capitalism and imperialism.
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This pattern signifies more than is apparent at first glance. It testifies, among other things, to the transformation of social property relations in the heartland of agrarian capitalism, the south and southeast, and the dispossession of small producers, a displaced and migrant population whose destination would typically be London. The growth of London also represents the growing unification not only of the English state but of a national market. That huge city was the hub of English commerce—not only as a major transit point for national and international trade but as a huge consumer of English products, not least its agricultural produce. The growth of London, in other words, in all kinds of ways stands for England’s emerging capitalism, its integrated market—increasingly, a single, unified, and competitive market; its productive agriculture; and its dispossessed population.
We see this repeated in 18th c. Scotland, but with the dual poles of Edinburgh for finance and Glasgow for trade.
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And market dependence was a cause, not a result, of mass proletarianization.
Strong claim
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Unimproved land, land not rendered productive and profitable (such as the lands of indigenous peoples in the Americas), is “waste,” and it is the right, even the duty, of improvers to appropriate it.
Again the tie in with colonialism / imperialism
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the productive and profitable utilization of property, its improvement.
This also ties into the Georgic ethic. The good landlord is he who has his feet in the soil and is improving it.
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New conceptions of property were also being theorized more systematically, most famously in John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government. Chapter 5 of that work is the classic statement of a theory of property based on the principles of improvement.
This ties into both Malthus and Kames.
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It meant, even more fundamentally, new forms and conceptions of property. “Improved” farming, for the enterprising landlord and his prosperous capitalist tenant, ideally required enlarged and concentrated landholdings. It also—and perhaps even more—demanded the elimination of old customs and practices that interfered with the most productive use of land.
changes in tenancy
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Improvement was also a major preoccupation of the Royal Society, which brought together some of England’s most prominent scientists (Isaac Newton and Robert Boyle were both members of the Society) with some of the more forward-looking members of England’s ruling classes—like the philosopher John Locke and his mentor, the first Earl of Shaftesbury, both of whom were keenly interested in agricultural improvement.
Science and agricultural improvement
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so that, for example, some radical thinkers in the nineteenth century might embrace “improvement” in the sense of scientific farming, without its connotation of commercial profit
I wouldn't be so sure about this separation of science from profit motive.
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The word “improve” itself, in its original meaning, did not mean just “making better” in a general sense but literally (based on the old French for “into,” en, and “profit,” pros, or its oblique case, preu) doing something for monetary profit, and especially cultivating land for profit. By the seventeenth century, the word “improver” was firmly fixed in the language to refer to someone who rendered land productive and profitable, especially by enclosing or reclaiming waste. Agricultural “improvement” was by then a well established practice, and in the eighteenth century, in the golden age of agrarian capitalism, “improvement,” in word and deed, came truly into its own.
Improving for profit
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The result was an agrarian sector more productive than any other in history. Landlords and tenants alike became preoccupied with what they called “improvement,” the enhancement of the land’s productivity for profit.
Again, Scots in the 18th. century were explicitly adopting this language.
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This pattern would be reproduced in the colonies, and indeed in post-Independence America, where the independent small farmers who were supposed to be the backbone of a free republic faced, from the beginning, the stark choice of agrarian capitalism: at best, intense self-exploitation, and at worst, dispossession and displacement by larger, more productive enterprises.
This goes to the question of the relationship between the rise of agrarian capitalism and imperialism.
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To meet economic rents in a situation where other potential tenants were competing for the same leases, tenants were compelled to produce cost-effectively, on penalty of dispossession.
For 18th c. Scots, rather than simply being a member of the same clan and being able to rely on those bonds, tenants now had to be outbid even the members of other clans in order to maintain their access to the land.
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The effect of the system of property relations was that many agricultural producers (including prosperous “yeomen”) were market-dependent, not just in the sense that they were obliged to sell produce on the market but in the more fundamental sense that their access to land itself, to the means of production, was mediated by the market.
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Landlords had a strong incentive, then, to encourage—and, wherever possible, to compel—their tenants to find ways of increasing their output. In this respect, they were fundamentally different from rentier aristocrats who throughout history have depended for their wealth on squeezing surpluses out of peasants by means of simple coercion, enhancing their powers of surplus extraction not by increasing the productivity of the direct producers but rather by improving their own coercive powers—military, judicial, and political.
I think we see the same thing in 18th c. Scotland. Landlords are trying to encourage their tenants to maximize yields in order to justify increasing rents. The landlords look to chemists and agriculturalists to help in this effort.
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landarts.org landarts.org
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- Dec 2018
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www.visionmakermedia.org www.visionmakermedia.org
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Through the Repellent Fence
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URL
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- Aug 2018
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www.businessinsider.com www.businessinsider.com
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The business and industrial-focused city will span 10,230 square miles. To put that size in perspective, 10,230 square miles is more than 33 times the land area of New York City.
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- Jul 2018
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www.atlasobscura.com www.atlasobscura.com
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(If the map were to be a valid academic resource, he adds, it would also need a time slider to specify different time periods, separate existing and historical nations, and highlight the movement of nations across time. That would be a huge logistical challenge, Temprano says, requiring time, sources, and resources not currently available to him.)
sounds like a digital humanities project
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- Feb 2018
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scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu
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Unlike The Waste Land, Moulin Rouge!’s allusions are only rarely critical; the closest it comes to social commentary is in the use of Nirvana’s dark hymn to the ennui of consumerism, ‘Smells Like Teen Spirit,’ as the Moulin Rouge’s rich male customers enter the club.
What are the functions allusion besides layering? I think there is something important about the critical function that occurs in this use of allusion. Fitzgerald was a moralist describing the evils of capitalism and American society, so the use of Trimalchio as Gatsby is a critical allusion.
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lthough less obviously ‘difficult’ than The Waste Land, Moulin Rouge!makes effective use of the dense layering effect allusion allows.This complex layering is put into the service of a simple, melodramatic love story, rather than a meditation on the spiritual aridity of modern life. Moulin Rouge!’s innocent, sentimental celebration of love could, in fact, be read as Luhrmann’s response the kind of dislocation Eliot portrays in The Waste Land.
I really find this argument fascinating. The "less obviously difficult" perspective as it relates to many works that have been in-part inspired by The Waste Land. I like the idea of nuanced allusion, you don't necessarily need to know all the allusion to understand the storyline. This manifests itself well in works with more plot-based writing. The novel or cinema might be better at achieving the "less obviously difficult" allusion because it has a strong narrative already. The allusion comes alongside of it, or in the case of Moulin Rouge, the allusions are a part of the pop culture the audience is already familiar with.
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Allusive works are also prey to allegations of plagiarism at worst, and lack of originality at best. Eliot commented that one justification for including the notes to The Waste Landwas to counter the accusations of plagiarism that had greeted his earlier, heavily allusive poems.45Such accusations show a basic misunderstanding of the nature ofallusion. Plagiarism, unlike allusion, seeks to be invisible and undiscovered, and furthermore, it does not attempt to create any tensions of meaning between the old and new usage of the plagiarized materials.
William Carlos Williams criticism of The Waste Land-- "copyist tendencies," and "the traditions of plagiarism." from Spring and All. A common criticism.
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In this sense, allusion and other intertextual references ‘should be distinguished from the customary rhetorical situation in which texts are considered by artists and audience alike to be mimetic analogs or representations of real-life people, places, or things.’31By drawing attention to itself, intruding on the conventional narrative flow, systematically deployed allusion continually reminds audiences that they are dealing with an artificial construct.
Naturalism and allusion don't coincide. The Great Gatsby may be an example of this missing reality-- a sort of artificial construct of Fitzgerald's imagination with dramatic, over-top descriptions of gatsby as Trimalchio in his mansion that looks like "the world's fair." https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/chapter-5-begins-with-nick-observing-gatsys-house-436789
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For allusion to operate at all, the author and the reader must have a shared pool ofpoetic memory on which to draw,25and the author assumes a (possibly nonexistent) knowledgeable reader when engaging in allusion.26Conte goes so far as to suggest that the author ‘establishes the competence of his (or her) own Model Reader, that is, the author constructs the addressee and motivates the text in order to do so,’27
what if there is not a Model Reader? Can the audience not be aware of the allusion? In that case, the new works have to create new meanings. In connecting The Waste Land to modern audiences, are there ways to "establish competency" in a visual scene that the page would not be able to do?
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- May 2017
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nfnh2017.scholar.bucknell.edu nfnh2017.scholar.bucknell.edu
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Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is a province of Canada composed of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador to the northwest of Newfoundland. Newfoundland is the larger mainland sector of the province. It is the youngest province of the ten provinces making up the country of Canada. It joined the confederation in 1949. In 2001, its name was officially changed to Newfoundland and Labrador. Newfoundland was originally called “newfoundelande,” or New Found Land, by late 15th century explorers. The island of Newfoundland is separated from Labrador by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Novia Scotia by Cabot Strait. Due to its position as the most easterly land of North America, it has been important in defense, transportation, and communications. The economy, culture, and history of Newfoundland and Labrador has been shaped greatly by the fishing communities on the coastline which stretch along about 14,400 miles of the coast. The most plentiful mammals of Newfoundland are the moose, which were introduced to the area in the early 20th century. Labrador, however, has more caribou than moose. Other species that can be found in Newfoundland and Labrador are black bears, polar bears, arctic foxes, red foxes, beavers, lynx, harp seals, hooded seals, whales, and some small fur-bearing animals. The capital of Newfoundland and Labrador is St. John’s. The population in 2011 was approximately 514,536. The total area of Newfoundland and Labrador is 156,453 square miles, with Newfoundland being 42,031 square miles and Labrador being 113,641 square miles (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2017).
References
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. . 2017. Newfoundland and Labrador. Accessed May 8, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/place/Newfoundland-and-Labrador.
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Yukon Territory
The Yukon Territory is a small, western Canadian territory with a rich history, including records dating back to 10,000 years go. In the Yukon Territory, there are a variety of languages spoken including Vunut Gwitchin, Han, Tutchone, Northern Tutchone, Southern Tutchone, Upper Tanana, Kaska, Tagish, and Tlingit (Pinnacle Travel). Another small ethnic group that is French-speaking remains from those who migrated from the Gold Rush. In the late 1700s, the Yukon became a major trading area between Tlingit and other Yukon people (Government of Yukon). In 1852, Tlingit traders pushed the Hudson Bay Company out of the Yukon in 1852. In 1886, a trading post was established at the Stewart River and coarse gold was found at the Fortymile River and the Yukon Gold Rush began. In 1898, the Yukon Territory Act was passed to consider the Yukon as separate from the North-West Territories, with Dawson City as its capital. In 1972, Elijah Smith and some of the Yukon First Nations tribe went to Ottawa seeking land claims. The final agreement, The Umbrella Agreement, was signed in 1993 and was signed by the governments of Canada and Yukon and the Council of Yukon First Nations. The Yukon First Nations’ final land claim was complete in 1995. In 2003, the Devolution Transfer Agreement was passed, allowing the Yukon government more control over provincial programming and powers.
References: "Government of Yukon." History - Government of Yukon- Government of Yukon. January 5, 2015. Accessed May 07, 2017. http://www.gov.yk.ca/aboutyukon/history.html.
"Pinnacle Marketing Management Inc." Pinnacle Travel. Accessed May 07, 2017. https://www.pinnacle-travel.org/yukon-culture-history/.
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- Mar 2017
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nfnh2017.scholar.bucknell.edu nfnh2017.scholar.bucknell.edu
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economic religion of our time
When Berger refers to the "economic religion of our time" he is talking about the problem of consumption that we have. Most of the industrial revolution was driven on the back of the need for consumption. This incessant need for better and newer goods causes countless problems in today's world from economic collapses to environmental destruction. It is this need for consumption and expansion that caused many of the issues in the Arctic. Oil and gas companies looking for new places to drill caused massive environmental destruction in the region. Not to say that the Inuit people do not enjoy the luxury of modern goods, but it has been seen, like in many indigenous people, that they do not have the same need for these items. In the Inuit culture they believe that living off the land and avoiding modern day luxuries is an important part of self-growth. They believe that "living off the land creates intelligent and moral persons. Individuals develop isuma (reason, capacity to think) through facing the elements of sea, snow, ice, and wind." This philosophy can be seen throughout many indigenous people all around the world. This Inuit in particular believe that excess consumption leads to people being soft and further removed from the historic Inuit culture. This is definitely a legitimate position for them because so many problems have been caused in their societies from the need for consumption of "white people". The economic religion of our time is one with dramatic consequences and tremendous benefits as well. No one can deny that this need for consumption has driven our society to many great discoveries and inventions that have made life better. But it has definitely come at the cost of certain populations.
Edmund (Ned) Searles (2010): Placing Identity: Town, Land, and Authenticity in Nunavut, Canada, Acta Borealia, 27:2, 151-166
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- Jan 2017
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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For too long, a small group in our nation's capital has reaped the rewards of government while the people have borne the cost.
You are exhibit A: See Trump International Hotel:
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- Nov 2016
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Strictly speaking, this is true. No jurisdiction can be legally compelled to designate a Priority Development Area. The region’s 191 PDAs were all nominated by local jurisdictions. San Francisco’s PDAs were unanimously approved by the Board of Supervisors in 2007.
And yet, earlier in this article, the process is criticized for being undemocratic. Which is it, dude?
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- Sep 2016
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online.salempress.com.lacademy.idm.oclc.org online.salempress.com.lacademy.idm.oclc.org
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Land Area: 20,721 square kilometers (8,000 square miles)
This is really small compared to the united states land area. The land area for the united states is 3.806 Million Square Miles
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- Oct 2015
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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a more insidious and cancerous progression took hold through municipal fiscal discipline, property speculation and the sorting of land-use according to the rate of return for its ‘highest and best use’.
greed seems to be an apparent theme throughout the development of urbanized areas and "economic growth"... are we really improving if our economy is only getting "better" because we're borrowing the money to make it do that
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- Aug 2015
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afghanag.ucdavis.edu afghanag.ucdavis.eduuntitled1
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jerib
A jerib or djerib is a unit of land measure. While some countries have standardized this to a hectare, in most countries this unit of measure varies locally. It can be a few acres or hundreds of meters square.
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