likelihood estimator of π?

There are for the moment, three emergent responses to that crisis

Arle LommelArle Lommel • Following • Following Senior Analyst at CSA ResearchSenior Analyst at CSA Research 3d • Edited • 3 days ago One of the most interesting aspects of writing about AI and LLMs right now is that if I say anything remotely positive, some people will accuse me of being a shill for Big AI. If I say anything remotely negative, others will accuse me of being insufficiently aware of the progress AI has made.So I will put out a few personal statements about AI that might clarify where I am on this:1. AI is not intelligent, at least not in the human sense of the word. It is a sophisticated tool for drawing inference from binary data and thus operates *below* a symbolic level.2. AI, at least in the guise of LLMs, is not going to achieve artificial general intelligence (AGI) now or in the future.3. AI is getting much better at *approximating* human behavior on a wide variety of tasks. It can be extremely useful without being intelligent, in the same way that an encyclopedia can be very useful without being intelligent.4. For some tasks – such as translating between two languages – LLMs sometimes perform better than some humans perform. They do not outperform the best humans. This poses a significant challenge for human workers that we (collectively) have yet to address: Lower-skilled workers and trainees in particular begin to look replaceable, but we aren’t yet grappling with what happens when we replace them so they never become the experts we need for the high end. I think the decimation of the pipeline for some sectors is a HUGE unaddressed problem.5. “Human parity” is a rather pointless metric for evaluating AI. It far exceeds human parity in some areas – such as throughput, speed, cost, and availability – while it falls far short in other areas. A much more interesting question is “where do humans and machines have comparative advantage and how can we combine the two in ways that elevate the human?”6. Human-in-the-loop (HitL) is a terrible model. Having humans – usually underpaid and overworked – acting in a janitorial role to clean up AI messes is a bad use of their skill and knowledge. That’s why we prefer augmentation models, what we call “human at the core,” where humans maintain control. To see why one is better, imagine if you applied an HitL model to airline piloting, and the human only stepped in when the plane was in trouble (or even after it crashed). Instead, with airline piloting, we have the pilot in charge and assisted by automation to remain safe.7. AI is going to get better than it is now, but improvements in the core technology are slowing down and will increasingly be incremental. However, experience with prompting and integrating data will continue to drive improvements based on humans’ ability to “trick” the systems into doing the right things.8. Much of the value from LLMs for the language sector will come from “translation adjacent” tasks – summarization, correcting formality, adjusting reading levels, checking terminology, discovering information, etc. – tasks that are typically not paid well.

around the AI is um the problem right now as I understand it as I see it is a lot of the AI has been coded from the

I like to use the term sacred because it because it's the whole stack every floor is sacred right now

What deity are we going to invoke with AI

That. Is the coolest. Shortcut. Ever. 💥 🚀

During this period of reggae’s development, a connection grew between the music and the Rastafarian movement, which encourages the relocation of the African diaspora to Africa, deifies the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie I (whose precoronation name was Ras [Prince] Tafari), and endorses the sacramental use of ganja (marijuana). Rastafari (Rastafarianism) advocates equal rights and justice and draws on the mystical consciousness of kumina, an earlier Jamaican religious tradition that ritualized communication with ancestors.

There are several ways to tell time with your Apple Watch.

To understand how SAIDs work

yet the prevailing public opinion of the land has been buttoo willing to deliver the solution of a wearisome problem into his hands,

In the South especially has he had to walkwarily to avoid the harshest judgments,

It is as though Nature must needsmake men narrow in order to give them force

And so thoroughly didhe learn the speech and thought of triumphant commercialism, andthe ideals of material prosperity, that the picture of a lone black boyporing over a French grammar amid the weeds and dirt of a neglectedhome soon seemed to him the acme of absurdities

the nation was a little ashamed of havingbestowed so much sentiment on Negroes, and was concentrating its en-ergies on Dollars

I must question my argument: I must modify, amend, complicate and refine my thesis; I must take into account counterarguments; and I must continuously reorganize and reword whatever I am writing.

From planning to problem solving, internal conflict resolution, and evaluations and judgments of self and others, we communicate with ourselves through intrapersonal communication.

Avram Lincoln said I don't like this man I have to get to know him better because getting other people into your perspective

Nie wszystkie badania dotyczące niedoborów motorycznych w ADHD wykazały, że upośledzenie motoryczne jest ograniczone do nieuwagi. Scharoun i wsp.[51] stwierdzili, że wszystkie dzieci z ADHD wykonywały zadania motoryczne wolniej niż dzieci bez ADHD. Większość badań wykazała jednak, że podtyp ADHD-HI był najmniej dotknięty. [3,39,52] Wniosek wyciągnięty przez tych autorów był taki, że w przeciwieństwie do nieuwagi, nadpobudliwość i impulsywność nie były dobrym predyktorem niedoborów w sprawności motorycznej u dzieci z ADHD.

Badanie wykazało dysocjację w neuronalnych korelatach objawów nadpobudliwości / impulsywności i nieuwagi w ADHD, z powiązanymi z zadaniem zmianami łączności międzypółkulowej alfa skorelowanymi z nasileniem objawów nieuwagi (r = 0,55, p = 0,01), ale nie z nasileniem objawów nadpobudliwości / impulsywności. ↓ Badanie wykazało istotną korelację między funkcjonalnymi połączeniami międzypółkulowymi a objawami nieuwagi Connersa u dzieci z ADHD, ale nie z objawami H/I.

i think it's a near miss it's the most likely thing to save us

It's an interesting position and had me rethinking things a bit, but the way I look at it, the actions themselves are negative; it's their boundary conditions which are different. Take for instance embark/disembark. In pseudo-mathematical terms, I would tend to think they increment or decrement one's embarkedness, with an upper boundary of 1 (aboard), and a lower boundary of 0 (ashore). The non-existence of values >1 (super-aboard) or <0 (anti-aboard) shouldn't affect the relative polarity of the actions themselves. I think. Looking through the rest of the list, there's a variety of different boundary conditions. Prove/disprove would range from 1 to -1 (1=proven, 0=asserted but untested, -1=proven false), entangle/disentangle seems to range from 0 to infinity (because you can always be a little more entangled, can't you?), and please/displease is perhaps wholly unbounded (if we imagine that humanity has an infinite capacity for both suffering and joy).

Don't prefer A = not prefer A Disprefer A = prefer not-A

Optimized Arc Search App for iPad: We are excited to announce that the Arc Search app is now compatible with members' iPads, offering a layout that better suits your device's screen size and functionality. Major props to Julia for bringing this highly requested update to life!

Apple's Maps application is also expected to receive an upgrade which will allow users to add notes to specific locations. With these new place notes, users can add the key information about a place that could only be relevant to them.

AppleInsider has received the exact details of Siri's new functionality

Tip: To choose a default style for the first line in all new notes, go to Settings  > Notes > New Notes Start With.

Ain't it possible that every message I send or forward will just be replaced to the outbox and will be send by Thunderbird in the background ? I really hate it that every message sends itself away, running on top of all other windows, and it makes me wait till it has been sent from reading my other messages...

However, I don't want or need any email from the account other than when I check it manually.

Compacting folders does nothing for me -- I don't know why. I compacted them today for the first time in about a year, and the folder size remained unchanged. I don't generally delete emails, so that's likely why, but that doesn't mean I need to keep local copies of 12.5GB of emails.

Schrodinger's douchebagSomeone who is a jerk and decides whether they were joking or not based on how people reacted.

'I Am Not A Typo campaign'

In 1554 and again in 1556,[1] Ferdinand named Busbecq ambassador to the Ottoman Empire under the rule of Suleiman the Magnificent. His task for much of the time he was in Constantinople was the negotiation of a border treaty between his employer (the future Holy Roman Emperor) and the Sultan over the disputed territory of Transylvania. He had no success in this mission while Rüstem Pasha was the Sultan's vizier, but ultimately reached an accord with his successor Semiz Ali Pasha.

quote from Schopenhauer’s essay, ‘How to think for oneself’, §268:“the most beautiful thought, if not written down, is in danger of being irretrievably forgotten.”It’s from the passage where he observes that Lichtenberg thought for himself in both senses of the phrase, unlike Herder.The original essay, “Selbstdenken” was part of Schopenhauer’s book Parerga und Paralipomena II. Last authorised edition, Erstausgabe Berlin, A. W. Hayn 1851, online textLooks like Povarnin was a Schopenhauer fan!

'картотек' (card index), to find the relevant section (it's section 51. The fascination with index cards, p.68). This is pretty much the only part of the booklet that discusses index cards, though.

S. I. Povarnin, How To Read BOOKS (1924)

詹益鑑 Verified account  · 45m  · Shared with PublicAI 真的取代了一些工作嗎？或者造成一些工作的薪資降低？今天看到這篇實際分析的文章，從2022 年11 月1 日（ChatGPT 發布前一個月）到2024 年2 月14 日，在 Upwork 的自由工作者資料中，分析出幾個事實：1. 下降幅度最大的 3 個類別是寫作、翻譯和客戶服務工作。寫作職位數量下降了 33%，翻譯職位數量下降了 19%，客戶服務職位數量下降了 16%2. 影片編輯/製作工作成長了 39%，圖形設計工作成長了 8%，網頁設計工作成長了 10%。軟體開發職缺也有所​​增加，其中後端開發職缺成長了 6%，前端/Web 開發職缺成長了 4%3. 翻譯絕對是受打擊最嚴重的工作，每小時工資下降了 20% 以上，其次是影片編輯/製作和市場研究。平面設計和網頁設計工作是最具彈性的。兩人不僅數量增加了，而且時薪也增加了一些。4. 自 ChatGPT 和 OpenAI API 發布以來，與開發聊天機器人相關的工作數量激增了 2000%。如果說當今人工智慧有一個殺手級用例，那就是開發聊天機器人。

Also unclear why the answer is criticized for providing a "more general case" since the OP said "You are right, this [base64] was just used as an example, though.

The lonesome cat isn’t useless.  UUOCs are typically characterized by having exactly one filename argument; this one has none.  It connects the input to the function (which is the input of the if statement) to the output of the if statement (which is the input to the base64 –decode statement)

If one had to deal with the drain of such critique for every answer, perhaps site usage would go down. People have lives to lead and the OP is apparently already happy. IMO, it is time to move on.

The title of the question is what triggered the process of finding this Q/A for material that aided development of the above to solve a real life problem described by the title. The OP declared that base64 decode was not the "real" problem; pedantic constraint of answers to a particular "example" seems less helpful. When this question and its answers were key to helping solve real problems, alternate answers can be gifts to the community in recognition of the fact that many more people will use this Q/A to solve problems. Since the answer is on-topic per the title, I feel it is "game on".

The answer credits others while solving a problem that wasn't optimally solved by other (helpful) answers at the time. I shared to help others. It is up to a reader to select answers and review for appropriateness to their needs. This almost looks like an attack when all that was required was an alternative answer standing on its own merits or demerits.

_

Early life in the Archean and earlier is poorly documented in the fossil record, but chemical evidence and evolutionary theory state that this life would have been single-celled photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria in stromatolites. Fossil cyanobacteria in these stromatolites produced free oxygen in the atmosphere through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes, i.e. single-celled organisms (archaea and bacteria) with simple cells that lack a cell nucleus and other organelles.

How to use “case” to match class names? (=== not so funny)

These are little things, of course; but they show nevertheless that these Peoples [149] are not quite so rude and unpolished as one might suppose.

idebar by clicking the button in the location bar

one of King’s note cards on the Old Testament’s Book of Amos which includes the linesBut let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream. These lines would feature in many of King’s speeches—including his famous “I Have a Dream Speech,” where King said: …we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.

Argyris og Schön (Morgan, 2004)

using the sidebar on the right of the screen. Pin the Hypothesis extens

But what if you want to reuse one layout within another?

resolution of a design widget is more like closing an issue than an MR

I-CIRCLE ... find the right people and found the Implementation-CircleWhen funding is granted, you as the initiator together with the SoNeC Facilitator identify potential mem-bers and create an Implementation Circle for the whole city which consists of 10 – 12 people

台式英語: Could you kindly reply by Tuesday? (可以請你周二前回信給我嗎?) 道地英語: Could you reply by Tuesday? Or, if you want to be very polite: Would you be able to reply by Tuesday? 用法: 很多台灣人在書信往來中常常會寫 "please kindly" ，以為這樣更客氣，但其實kindly，一點也不kind。在英文的用法中，加上kindly代表一種警告，例如 “Please kindly refrain from smoking on the premises (請不要在這裡抽菸)”  若你想要禮貌一點，只需要用 "please" 或是用 "Could you 或 Would you be able to"

We didn't add this initially because Google is not the only form of authentication we offer and it could get annoying for users that sign up with GitHub or username and password to see the Google popup all the time.

The problem is that when I want to create OAuth client ID in google, it does not accept ".test" domain for "Authorized redirect URIs". It says: Invalid Redirect: must end with a public top-level domain (such as .com or .org). Invalid Redirect: domain must be added to the authorized domains list before submitting. While it accepts .test domain for "Authorized JavaScript origins" part! I saw most of the tutorials when using socialite and google api they set these in google console. http://localhost:8000 and http://localhost:8000/callback/google and google accepts them without problem with domain and generate the key and secret but I am not using mamp and I am going to continue with valet. I would be so thankful if you guide me about what is the alternative domain for .test which works fine in valet and also google accepts it?

With this coordination the race condition is gone.

as I fight the system in which I live and think of all the people out marching for black lives matter and good on them for doing it but am i ignoring the system that lives 01:03:54 in me that is am i pretending that that system is out there and is evil and I'm pure or am i recognizing even as I proclaimed that black lives matter and 01:04:07 the system must change that I and those who march with me are part of that system and participate in it far more than we are there acknowledge

lib/ is intended to be for non-app specific library code that just happens to live in the app for now (usually pending extraction into open source or whatever).

And if it's app specific, for some reason, then app/models is fine. I don't think the trade-off here is worth it

Stuff like a generic PhoneNumberFormatter is exactly what lib/ is intended for.

The criteria for code in lib is what @dhh said above: non-app specific library code that just happens to live in the app for now (usually pending extraction into open source or whatever)

(BTW, the app/models directory is there to organize the model layer. The model layer is greater than the persisted models.)

Everything has a place so do better and find it. There is a certain belief that everything within app should be organized into functionally-named directories and any files placed in app/lib actually belongs in app/services or app/interactors or app/models or someplace if the developers just tried harder. The implication is that developers are bad developers if they don’t yet know what kind of constant they have and where its forever home should be. I reject this. Over the lifespan of an application, there will be constants that have not yet found their functional kin, if those kin ever come to exist at all; sometimes you simply need some code and a place to put it. app/lib can be the convention for where those constants can live temporarily or as long as necessary. Autoloading is really nice, let’s treat them to it.

Jedną z możliwości jest to, że wzajemne powiązania między LC a komputerami móżdżku odgrywają zasadniczą rolę w tym względzie, wskazując na możliwą skuteczność leczenia ukierunkowanego na NE u większości osób z ASD i być może u mniejszości populacji ADHD

ASD i ADHD wykazują nakładanie się genetycznych czynników ryzyka (Ronald i in., 2008; Niklasson i in., 2009; Geschwind, 2011) i istnieje wysoki poziom współwystępowania między tymi dwoma zaburzeniami (∼41–78% osób z ASD doświadcza objawów ADHD; Clark i inni, 1999; Simonoff i in., 2008; Murray, 2010; Rommelse i in., 2011; Antshel i in., 2013; van Steensel i in., 2013; Stevens i in., 2016).

The nice point of Kiwi is that it supports Chrome extensions, this is why I am trying it. Browser extensions are something which I believe should be rather more widespread in Android by now.

There were no Jews in England to consult with, since they had all been expelled from the country by King Edward I in 1290.

In 1511, it was forbidden for its stimulating effect by conservative, orthodox imams at a theological court in Mecca.[15] However, these bans were to be overturned in 1524 by an order of the Ottoman Turkish Sultan Suleiman I, with Grand Mufti Mehmet Ebussuud el-İmadi issuing a fatwa allowing the consumption of coffee.[16]

nthropology of space and place contributes to criticalspatial studies with a wealth of ethnographic scholarship onthe cultural production of space

mobilization in Black communities

If it requires too many words, you have not seen theunity but a multiplicity.

as a native speaker I'd probably tend to refer to his drug dependency, but his dependence on drugs (maybe because I see one as a problem he has, and the other as something he's doing, I don't know).

I think that "dependency" is usually the thing that you depend on, whereas dependence is the state of depending on it. But there are certainly cases where you could use either interchangeably.

I don't understand the distinction between quality and state.

Answers are identical because Questions are identical too !

It is forthis reason that when our schools areseparate, the control of the teachingforce, the expenditure of money, thechoice of textbooks, the discipline andother administrative matters of thissort ought, also, to come into ourhands, and be incessantly demandedand guarded.

Less than a halfmillion are in mixed schools in theNorth, where they are taught almostexclusively by white teachers.

Dress and grooming standards will be determined bya group of a) students and b) parents.

Bilingual-Bi-cultural education will be compulsory forMexican-Americansdmthe;Los Angeles City SchoolSystem where there is a majority of Mexican-Americanstudents.

No matter who starts it, thewhites will be blamed. We must not have it.

but it gave nodeadlines

But | should have realized the white authorities would know about it.

he Prince Edward story is not so well known because it doesn’t have “the essentialingredients of a standard civil rights story,”

Moton High School

There was an entrance where adoor once was, and within, a massive rickety fireplace; great chinks between the logs served aswindows. Furniture was scarce. A pale blackboard crouched in the corner. My desk was made ofthree boards, reinforced at critical points, and my chair, borrowed from the landlady, had to bereturned every night. Seats for the children—these puzzled me much

I feel my heart sink heavily as Ihear again and again, “Got a teacher? Yes.”

I question America, is this America, the land of the free and the home of the brave where we have to sleep with our telephones off of the hooks because our lives be threatened daily because we want to live as decent human beings, in America?

We have no right tosit silently by while theinevitable seeds are sownfor a harvest of disasterto our children, black andwhite.

For me, I don't have an issue, but there was one syntax situation I found awkward: I need to sometimes know whether it is a class or a module that I am modifying. So I may have code: module Foo module Bar class Baz versus: class Foo::Bar::Baz It's not a huge issue, but ruby would yield an error if I specify a class or module incorrectly (which can happen if you spread code out into different .rb files, so I understand why there is an error message shown, to avoid accidents). But I then also wondered why I have to care whether it is a module or class, if my primary goal is to modify something, such as by adding a method. If I want to add a method: def foobar; end then I really should never be required to have to know whether I am modifying a class or a module.

I'm curious: what is the reason for Yahoo discontinuing the "@ymail.com" domain?I'm aware that there's now a 2nd domain option available, "@myyahoo.com", and I recently took advantage of that to create a new address. But "@ymail.com" honestly looks more appealing to me than either of the "yahoo" iterations.

8

I find the use of the term “session” within integration tests a bit unfortunate (open_session, etc), since there are also these session objects, which are however different. Maybe replace by “user_session” ?

rendered.should have_selector("#header") do |header| header.should have_selector("ul.navlinks") end Both of which silently pass - however, capybara doesn't support a :content option (it should be :text), and it doesn't support passing blocks to have_selector (a common mistake from Webrat switchers).

expect(described_class.active).not_to include_any_of [records_not_to_be_included]

This release removes the built-in TextExpander support. If you rely on TextExpander, please use their new TextExpander keyboard for iOS.

a custom alarm, appliance, or doorbellYou can also set up iPhone to recognize a custom alarm, appliance, or doorbell if they aren’t recognized automatically.Go to Settings  > Accessibility > Sound Recognition > Sounds.Tap Custom Alarm or Custom Appliance or Doorbell, then enter a name.When your alarm, appliance, or doorbell is ready, place iPhone near the sound and minimize background noise.Tap Start Listening, then follow the onscreen instructions.

One federal judge in the Northern District of Texas issued a standing order in late May after Schwartz’s situation was in headlines that anyone appearing before the court must either attest that “no portion of any filing will be drafted by generative artificial intelligence” or flag any language that was drafted by AI to be checked for accuracy. He wrote that while these “platforms are incredibly powerful and have many uses in the law,” briefings are not one of them as the platforms are “prone to hallucinations and bias” in their current states.

New York-based startup DoNotPay created an AI-based way for people to contest traffic tickets—a user would wear smart glasses that would feed it information to say in court generated by AI—but before the creator could introduce it in court, he said he got threats from multiple bar associations about “unauthorized practice of law,”

I commonly find myself wanting to assert that a certain field contains a certain value.

Wilhelm II. (England)

There are two ways of establishing a chord–scale relationship for ii 7 –V 7 or ii≤57–V 7progressions: either select a mode that works for V7 or select a mode that works for ii7or (ii≤57). As shown in Figure 18.4, mm. 2–4 feature a descending sequence of incompleteII–Vs connecting the tonic on I with the predominant on IV. Each II–V progressionestablishes a chord–scale relationship with the corresponding dominant 7th. Notice that,in m. 2, the use of Mixolydian ≤13 fits the underlying context much better than the diatonicMixolydian mode. The tonic note F4 functions as the ≤13th of Mixolydian ≤13 and isretained as a common tone in mm. 1–2. The second A section (mm. 9–16) demonstratesa different approach to chord–scale theory. The selection of modes for the II–V pro-gression in Figure 18.4 is based on the quality of the predominant chord. Thus, inm. 10, Emin7(≤5)–A7 uses E Locrian, while in m. 11, Dmin7–G7 establishes a chord–scalerelationship with D Dorian, etc

With the exception of the blues, the rhythm changes progression is probably the mostimportant chord progression in jazz. The term “rhythm changes” refers to a 32-bar AABAform based on the harmonic structure of “I Got Rhythm” by George and Ira Gershwin.The song appeared in the Aarons and Freedley production Girl Crazy (1930) andoriginally featured a 34-bar AABA form with a two-bar extension in the last A section.The two-bar extension was eventually cut and the chord changes of the last A sectionreplicated those from the second A. A newly composed line based on the rhythm changesprogression is known as a contrafact. The enormous popularity of rhythm changes hasbeen well documented by an ever-increasing number of composed contrafacts andrecordings

invertible potential of the guide tones.

Guide-tone lines in the right hand (R.H.).• Roots of chords in the left hand (L.H.) in 1:1 ratio with the R.H.Figure 12.1 demonstrates Model I using the major and minor versions of the II–V–Iprogression. Notice that the R.H. explores the invertible potential of the guide tones

Chapter 19 provides an analysis of Charlie Parker’s “Moose the Mooche” and Hank Jones’simprovised solo on the tune. This chapter also proposes a pedagogy of rhythm changesimprovisation.

Chapter 6 investigates the most important progression in jazz—the II–V–I—and its twotonal variants: ii7–V7–Imaj7 and ii≤57–V7–i7. A discussion of guide tones, secondary dominant7ths, and diminished 7th chords and their subsequent voice-leading transformations furtheramplifies the importance of the progression

I think we have a responsibility not only to ourselves, but also to each other, to our community, not to use Ruby only in the ways that are either implicitly or explicitly promoted to us, but to explore the fringes, and wrestle with new and experimental features and techniques, so that as many different perspectives as possible inform on the question of “is this good or not”.

Morrison Robblee, 25, a middle school teacher in Massachusetts, resigned after facing antisemitic harassment by a 12-year-old student who allegedly made made hateful drawings, including a Hitler sketch, and gave him an insulting note.Courtesy of Morrison Robble

Public and/or protected fields are bad because they can be manipulated from outside the declaring class without validation; thus they can be said to break the encapsulation principle of object oriented programming.

Standard Chord Progressions