Rigby, Jennifer. ‘Masks, No Assembly and No Choir: The Science behind Reopening Schools Safely’. The Telegraph, 6 August 2020. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/masks-no-assembly-no-choir-science-behind-reopening-schools/.

Mandavilli, A. (2020, August 17). What if ‘Herd Immunity’ Is Closer Than Scientists Thought? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/17/health/coronavirus-herd-immunity.html

Sky News. ‘Coronavirus: UK Records Highest Daily Number of COVID-19 Cases for Nearly Two Months’. Accessed 12 August 2020. https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-uk-records-highest-daily-number-of-covid-19-cases-for-nearly-two-months-12047385.

Correa, R., Du, W., & Liao, G. Y. (2020). U.S. Banks and Global Liquidity (Working Paper No. 27491; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27491

Vaughan, Adam. ‘Opening Schools in UK without More Testing Risks Covid-19 Second Wave’. New Scientist. Accessed 10 August 2020. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2250681-opening-schools-in-uk-without-more-testing-risks-covid-19-second-wave/.

Sparrow, A., Gayle, D., Morris, S., Brignall, M., & Morris, S. (2020, July 28). UK: 119 new Covid-related deaths as PM says ‘signs of second wave’ in parts of Europe – as it happened. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/jul/28/uk-coronavirus-live-news-covid-19-latest-updates-quarantine-spain

Atkeson, A., Kopecky, K., & Zha, T. (2020). Estimating and Forecasting Disease Scenarios for COVID-19 with an SIR Model (Working Paper No. 27335; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27335

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Robertson, C., & Mervosh, S. (2020, July 12). Pittsburgh Seemed Like a Virus Success Story. Now Cases Are Surging. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/12/us/coronavirus-pittsburgh-pennsylvania.html

correspondent, Robert Booth Social affairs. ‘Covid-19 Outbreaks up to 20 Times More Likely in Large Care Homes, Study Finds’. The Guardian, 14 July 2020, sec. World news. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/14/covid-19-outbreaks-up-to-20-times-more-likely-in-large-care-homes-uk-study.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening

Leung, K., Wu, J. T., Liu, D., & Leung, G. M. (2020). First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside Hubei after control measures, and second-wave scenario planning: A modelling impact assessment. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30746-7

Prof Shamika Ravi on Twitter: “1) ACTIVE cases...shows which countries have 1) Peaked: Germany, S Korea, Japan, Italy, Spain... 2) Plateaued: France 3) Yet to peak: US, UK, Brazil, India...active cases still rising. 4) Second wave: Iran and.... Spain (?) https://t.co/C5c3gAhINc” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ShamikaRavi/status/1267664491040440322

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The Sharing Scientist on Twitter

Salje, H., Tran Kiem, C., Lefrancq, N., Courtejoie, N., Bosetti, P., Paireau, J., Andronico, A., Hozé, N., Richet, J., Dubost, C.-L., Le Strat, Y., Lessler, J., Levy-Bruhl, D., Fontanet, A., Opatowski, L., Boelle, P.-Y., & Cauchemez, S. (2020). Estimating the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in France. Science, eabc3517. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc3517

Didn't know it was still up and running...

The music we listen to highly impacts our decision making, especially as adolescents. Adolescents are extremely impressionable, and the music they listen to has a great impact on how they decide to live their day to day lives. Popular musicians are seen as role models by the people who idolize them, and adolescents may try to represents the songs in which they favor through their actions every day.

Recent studies have found that adolescents who listen to music that supports substance abuse and violence have a greater chance to act upon what they listen to. What young adults and teenagers listen to through music and popular media will affect their decision making process. Specifically with substance abuse, and there is a direct uptake in use of illegal substances by adolescents who listen to music that promotes such activities. This can cause a whole societal problem considering most of todays popular music among adolescents touches upon substance abuse and violence. Adolescents are extremely impressionable and the music they listen can shape how a person tries to act, or represent themselves.

Examples here are more oriented toward personal freedom / libertarian values; points out that the same action applied to the same person, can be either potentially just or unjust depending on the circumstances, and also that there will be local conflicts and differences in opinion (e.g. in preventing a friend from committing suicide, they may be angry and disagree that your actions are just, though others may support your decision and think it is indeed just).

There is no universal sanctity of property rights or freedom from bodily restraint by others; violence is in some cases justified, and in others not.

In removing the context, the actions become effectively neutral, in that they are simultaneously good and bad; the actions themselves exist without judgment, and the judgment is only the product of the culture in which they take place (or are regarded)

The right occasion = the opportune moment; context-specific.

As examples rise in degree of 'extremity', they brush up against norms and laws, an act that may be celebrated in one culture is punishable by death or ostracism in another, simply based on the geography or time in which it takes place. By keeping location and temporality intact, the author is able to refrain from making absolute claims about any of the actual behaviors and just cite them as things that are, irrespective of judgment. The degree to which the reader judges them may be dependent upon the reader's interpreting the behaviors not as context-specific acts, but as archetypes(?) or fixed representations of those acts which stand outside of time and place.

Shifts to more 'extreme' examples, but points out that this perverse (to the greeks) act is BEAUTIFUL and an act of love to others; perhaps their reverence is inversely proportional to the Greeks' horror.<br> Also, in using such 'extreme' examples, the author shows that in fact nothing is truly extreme, because it is all a matter of context, and concepts of extremity introduce limits or constrain these things to a spectrum which is not necessarily accurate; it all depends on the context, and something cannot "depend" strongly or weakly based on the actual act, but only on the context.

Switches to point out arbitrary differences in culture; be born in one area and you believe x, be born in another and you believe y, but largely it is a matter of the random happenstance of one's birth. These beliefs are human creations, and vary depending on where the humans live.

The "good" and the "bad" can be seemingly arbitrarily different between identity groups. Why is it seemly for person of type x and unseemly for person of type y?

Not trying to identify a moral absolute, just point out that it is relative and therefore that there is no absolute.

Is this sarcasm? Is he saying that such a duality would be extraordinary in that it would violate the philosophers' attempts to categorize and assign general rules? Not sure...

This serves as a sort of refrain in the verse/chorus structure of the text. It is constructed like a song in some respects.

Use of the progressive method of providing examples; in this case, linear from health to death. Further on in the text from mundane to extreme.<br> Examples here shift from the personal (the sick individual) to a class (professions); there is a hierarchy and blending here of sorts in that any member of any of the professions listed could find themselves as the individual afflicted by the example condition/problem, and as such we find that the same person could potentially hold these conflicting opinions at different stages in their life, and that neither is necessarily wrong nor contradictory.

Not fixed

How do these "fish out of water" statements compare back to previous examples? Seems to imply that, if you took an Athenian and placed them in Sparta, that they would consider the Spartan culture still foreign and would be at a disadvantage trying to operate within the context (which is likely)? They would see things through the lens of an Athenian, which, on the other hand, may provide certain perspective that the Spartans take for granted. Perhaps it is a reminder that opportunity is not democratically distributed, and that the moments and circumstances conducive to certain results cannot be manufactured by moving the pieces around, because they depend so much not only on the context in which they happen, but the experience and history of those who find themselves within the situation?

that's insane to me that the US has more than double each of these other countries in gun related homicides.

Connection with Eurocall

metacommentary

how has this changed now that we're in the Trump era?

why not her?

second conversation: how are names deceptive? I immediately thought of the labels we give many mass-produced foods, like "free range" or "all-natural," which really mean "there was a window in the barn where these chickens were slaughtered" and "there probably isn't plastic in that ground beef" (tl;dr, educate yourselves about factory farming).

and now we export--so much labor is outsourced now (America First...?)

in this paragraph, the "you" switches; first, it is the immigrant, than it is the one who can forget who harvests the food. Was this intentional? If so, why?

how pre-determined is the life of an immigrant? What are they promised as part of the "American Dream"--and how much does that promise follow through?

second conversation: how are immigrants treated differently in American society? How are their children raised differently than multi-generation citizens?

metacommentary

This concise quote explains Mark Antony's opinion on Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. He believes that the patrician "is a slight unmeritable man, meet to be sent on errands". Antony does not consider Lepidus to be of much importance, to such an extent that he questions Octavius if "the three-fold world divided, he should stand one of the three to share it?"

First and foremost, the audience is again presented with the cruel, ruthless persona of Mark Antony. His confidence and arrogance supposedly puts himself above others, and Antony's actions are only motivated by his selfish interests.

Mark Antony disregards Lepidus' importance in the upcoming campaign. In fact, he views him as a lowly errand-boy rather than an acquaintance and an equal. Antonius is not afraid to speak his mind to Octavius, believing that Lepidus does not deserve an place in their coalition.

This quote also hints to what the world is like after the events of the play. Mark Antony, Octavius and Lepidus plan to divide the Roman Empire in three sections. This alludes to the Second Triumvirate of 43 B.C to 33 B.C.

It is interesting that Mark Antony, a self-absorbed character with a selfish lust for power, is willing to share his authority with two other men that would be considered his equals.

• Second premise is that the meaning of these things arise from previous interactions with people

A. Death B. People find comfort when they are not alone C. Personification D. Wiesel states that the camp looked empty and dead which is personification. The personification here emphasizes the vacancy of the camp and gives foreshadowing into the fact that many were going to die.

Concentration Camp of Birkenau

A. Slavery B. Slavery is being enforced upon them in subtly unsubtle ways to make them feel absolutely powerless C. Irony D. The irony in the inscription makes Wiesel feel hopeless as it seems to be that concentration camps where death is the norm is a lot better than a death camp. It is true, but having his life reduced down to the options of either death or inevitable pain and then death or miraculously survive is not anything any human should ever face.

A.) Fear B.) The appearance of some people can strike fear into others. c.) He uses Imagery D.) The way he describes him shows the effect his appearance had on him.

YOM KIPPUR. The Day of Atonement. Should we fast? The question was hotly debated. To fast could mean a more certain, more rapid death. In this place, we were always fasting. It was Yom Kippur year-round. But there were those who said we should fast, precisely because it was dangerous to do so. We needed to show God that even here, locked in hell, we were capable of singing His praises.

Religion. Even when they are starving they're still considering fasting so that they can stay true to their religion. This is an example of rhetorical question because they are wondering if they should fast or not, but its not supposed to be answered. They are asking themselves if they should fast or not. They don't want to starve, but at the same time they want to stay true to their religion too.

1)Death 2)When people are in tough situations they give up hope. 3)Repetition 4)Through the repetition of Germany and the idea of sickness and dying it reinforces the idea of hopelessness.

1)Faith 2) When people are placed in situations they don't have control over they tend to blame someone and it is usually some figure in power which they blame. 3)Personification 4)Through the use of personification with the phrases, "...lips...bent over like trees in a storm." and "Every fiber in me rebelled." they reinforce the blame of God that Elie produces as he sees others pray to God and exalt his name even though many have died and He hasn't done anything to stop it.

1)Food 2)When people are forced into situations that are hard for them to deal with they look for comfort. 3)Imagery 4)The idea of the best soup he has had in the camp reinforces the idea that people look for comfort during times of distress. Elie finds comfort in the soup even though it was most likely the exact same soup he has had every night in the camp.

I wanted to run away, but my feet were nailed to the floor. Idek grabbed me by the throat.

Fear. He knew he wouldn't be able to run away from Idek. This is an example of hyperbole because his feet weren't literally nailed to the floor. He could have ran away from Idek, but the fear was holding him down from running away.

Father/Son: the authors purpose is to show these harsh conditions changed people, it caused them to do anything to survive, even if it meant family was left behind. It uses imagery to show how he was split from his father, and the brutality of it. This device helps reinforce the topic, because it shows that to survive, he left his father when he was dying. It shows how he was willing to leave his flesh in blood behind, out of fear.

This is kind of hard to find