https://peterhotez.org/<br /> Peter Hotez
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publichealthcollaborative.org publichealthcollaborative.org
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Your Resource For Better Health Communication & Messaging<br /> by [[Public Health Communications Collaborative]]<br /> accessed on 2026-01-15T11:50:55
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A favorite image that kings chose forthemselves in statues from the Early Dynastic period shows themonarch with a basket of earth for construction on his head. Hemight be a mighty ruler, but he was also a builder, erectingmonuments to his gods and taking care of his people.
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Surprisingly,though, the Mesopotamians rarely wrote about the afterlife. Literarydescriptions suggest that the netherworld was a gloomy place—dark, with bad food, and no way out—and there was little about itthat suggested either a reward or punishment. It simply existed.And yet, since these kings (and many commoners whose burials alsocontained gifts and food) took their worldly possessions with them,perhaps they believed that they could improve their lot in theafterlife.
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The king of Kish even sometimes enforced order inSumer. For example, Enannatum’s son, Enmetena, wrote that theborder between Lagash and Umma had been determined by thegreat god Enlil himself and had been confirmed by the king of Kish:“Mesalim, king of Kish, at the command of (the god) Ishtaran,measured the field and set up a (boundary-) stone there.” Theauthority of the king of Kish was therefore acknowledged, at leasttemporarily, by both the king of Umma and the king of Lagash.
There is an interesting example of the mnemonic use of stone here in ancient Sumer. It serves as a boundary/border marker by its physical presence, but apart from any (other local) mnemonic uses, it also carries an inscription as a secondary form of long term written memory.
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At around the same time that they invented inscriptions by which tocommunicate with gods and with future kings, the kings’ scribesbegan to use writing for addressing those at a different kind ofdistance from themselves—kings of other lands.
Note the shifts in potential audience(s) of early writing.
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Not far from the Ibgal temple of Inanna where the dedicatory tabletwas found, archaeologists excavated the earliest known breweryanywhere in Mesopotamia (a tablet found there even mentioned thebrewer).
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all of the 1,700administrative tablets that were found at the later capital of Lagash,called Girsu, came from the queen’s palace.
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The kings had, however, begun to realizeits potential for extending communication, in an almost magical way,beyond what could be accomplished with the spoken word. Writingcould perpetually and eternally address an audience on a king’sbehalf; the words were always there, even when the king was notthinking about them. Given that the population was almost entirelyilliterate, such an audience was mostly made up of gods. Thestatuette of the king’s personal god (or sometimes of the kinghimself), inscribed with the same text as the tablet, could thereforepray continuously in a way that a real person could not.
Is there stronger evidence that this form of permanent writing to an audience of gods was being done? Sources?
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The scribes did not, however, try toexpress every part of speech; their script was still a shorthandversion of language.
the shift from proto-cuneiform to early dynastic cuneiform showed greater complexity, but was still a variation of shorthand which didn't attempt to express all parts of speech as converted from spoken language. Verbs weren't always appropriately conjugated.
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The tablet wasfound by archaeologists in the foundations of the temple of Inannain Lagash, called the Ibgal. This extensive complex was oval inshape, as were many Early Dynastic temples in other cities, with alarge courtyard and a platform on which Inanna’s temple wasconstructed.
What is the general history of oval-shaped architecture? Is there an explicit link between the Oval shape of the complex at Ibgal, the temple (or house) of Inanna in Lagash and the oval office at the White House?
Keep in mind that modern knowledge of large portions of the Ancient Near East only surfaced after the 1800s, so the tradition would have required intermediaries from the ANE into other cultures to be passed down to the building of the White House in 1792.
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Lagash (modern Al Hiba in Iraq), hometo the god Ningirsu and to a dynasty of kings who squabbled forgenerations with their counterparts in the neighboring city-state ofUmma.
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Every human alive, the king included, was just a servant to thegods, and those gods could choose to treat him or her however theywanted.
At what point in history did it seem apparent to a larger portion of the populace that "god(s) anointed the king" was no longer a presumed reality? When did it seem that way to the kings themselves? Or have they always believed the myth?
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And just as professions tended to run in families, the kingmight have trained his son in the arts of leadership, grooming himfor the throne.
It certainly makes some sense that in a diversifying economy familial connections of passing down trades from father to son by dint of closeness, teaching, and familial connection that the job/title of king should be passed down in the same way.
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The Sumerian term for king, “lugal,” literally meant “big man.”
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Order was maintained in the universe because the king of the godspossessed an object called the “Tablet of Destinies” on which wereinscribed theme (pronounced “may”). Theseme were never writtendown on any earthly tablet, as far as we know, for humanedification. But they encompassed all that kept chaos at bay.
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Eventhe gods themselves had a king—the great god Enlil, who lived inthe city of Nippur.
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ngship seemed so obvious and right to the Mesopotamians thatthey believed that it had been invented by the gods, that it hadcome “down from heaven.” Some later scribes made a grand list ofall the kings from the beginning of time to their own era. Theycalled it “When kingship came down from heaven,” which was itsfirst line. To modern scholars it is the Sumerian King List.
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Yet othersdeveloped the skills to carve intricate cylinder seals used bymembers of the elite to identify their goods.
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Other men and womenwent off to distant lands and set up smaller versions of Uruk,certainly keeping in touch with home through messengers, andpresumably sending goods that could be useful to their mothercities.
Can one discern specific colonialist policies that the Uruk had as their culture spread in the Ancient Near East?
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Whereas earlier peoples had manufactured their pottery by hand,adding eye-catching designs and glazes, the Uruk craftsmen mostlyproduced pottery on the newly invented wheel, rarely adding anyadornments. Quantity, now possible with a type of mass production,seems to have taken priority over quality in ceramic manufacture.
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The sign for “food” (also for“bread”) in proto-cuneiform is the shape of a beveled-rim bowl.
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A cylinder seal was a stone cylindrical beadcarved in relief with a scene, so that when rolled on a piece of clay itproduced an endless tiny frieze of figures or patterns.
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The scribes do not seem to have thought of this scriptthat they had invented as a representation of language.
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The people of Uruk started out with at least thirteen differentnumerical systems; they counted differently depending on what theywere counting, and the signs indicated different numbers fordifferent commodities. And about 30 percent of the signs they firstcreated to represent nouns had no later equivalents, so scholars donot know how to read them.
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This proto-cuneiform tablet from Uruk includes signs forsheep and the goddess Inanna, but its meaning is unclear.
Potentially an early historic form of a receipt?
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The investment of time and manpower devoted to the constructionof this complex would have resembled the work on a medievalcathedral. As early as 3600 BCE work had begun on the so-calledLimestone Temple in the Eanna precinct. Quarrymen and masonsremoved limestone from a rocky outcrop around fifty kilometers (31mi) to the southwest. Other men transported the stone to Uruk. Stillothers formed hundreds of thousands of mud bricks and clay cones,and set them out to harden in the sun. Others brought timber fromfar to the north for the roofs. Someone supervised all the workmenwho set the bricks and stones and mosaic cones in place. The menwould have been fed and provided for during the construction. Thebuilders were all probably residents of Uruk, united in their desire tocreate a magnificent home for their beloved divine queen.
Possibility that even with proto-cuneiform (writing) evolving here that such temples were local memory palaces for the culture of the inhabitants who would have been primary orality-based?
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It is writtenin a script known as proto-cuneiform, a script that did not representsounds or even language at all; signs served as memory aids.
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facts that no one couldconceivably commit to memory.
This statement belies the power of orality and the size of built communities without literacy. It's more a question of understanding how it was done and how communities either trusted (or didn't) those who memorized the materials.
Another factor is how long one needed to remember various facts, especially if for commerce and over what spaces?
Were there stratifications of society based on the power of memory here? Compare the anthropology and archaeology with the studies by Lynne Kelly.
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Datesafter ca. 1400 BCE are fairly reliable and uncontroversial (the morerecent, the less controversial). For dates before 1500 BCE, however, adebate revolves around the Middle Chronology. Some scholars proposelower dates (from eight years to as much as a century later). But until aconsensus is reached, it seems best to use the dates that are familiar, ifprobably wrong.
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The widely used Middle Chronology—which gives the dates ofHammurabi’s reign as 1792 to 1750 BCE—is followed in this book.
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Later letters, inscriptions, and prayers, in which one mightexpect to see frequent references to flooding if it had been a majorconcern, mostly describe the rivers as a blessing.
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cuneiform was occasionallyemployed in both Canaan and Egyp
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These lands were Mesopotamia (modernIraq, with its variously named regions: Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, andAssyria), Syria, Elam (part of what was later known as Persia), andAnatolia (modern Turkey).
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The ancient Near East is defined here as comprising the “cuneiformlands,”
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to the waysthat documents were organized in archives,
Find archaeological papers which described how Mesopotamians in the ANE organized their documents.
Mention via @Podany2013
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Law, for example,once invented in Mesopotamia around 2100 BCE, was never forgotten,even though the actual laws of the Mesopotamians bear littleresemblance to those in use today.
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For example, women in early times had many rights andfreedoms: they could own property, run businesses, and representthemselves in court.
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The popularimage of history as a story of progress from primitive barbarism tomodern sophistication is completely belied by the study of the ancientNear East.
Statement in support of Graeber and Wengrow's thesis in The Dawn of Everything, though predating it.
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Podany, Amanda H. 2013. The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Ancient-Near-East-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195377990/ (January 1, 2026).
Tags
- House of Inanna
- Mesalim (king of Kish)
- Mesopotamian art
- Ningirsu
- pictograms
- Uruk
- mass production
- anti-oral perspectives
- political development
- literacy
- The Dawn of Everything
- -XXI
- ceramics manufacture
- White House
- open questions
- leadership
- praying
- builders
- rivers
- ovals in architecture
- colonialism
- law
- diplomacy
- cylinder seals
- Sumerian gods
- beveled-rim bowls
- memory palaces
- stone inscriptions
- history
- Middle Chronology
- divine right of kings
- Enmetena (King)
- Sumerian King List
- David Graeber
- Tablet of Destinies
- definitions
- -XXXVIII to -XXXI
- writing as memory
- kings
- logograms
- orality transition to literacy
- memory aids
- the elite
- ideograms
- References
- laws, invention of
- colonialist policies
- Egypt
- gods
- stelae
- laws
- Great Man theory of history
- feminism
- iconography
- Umma
- big men
- chaos
- ownership
- Nippur
- Eanna ("house of heaven")
- food
- proto-cuneiform
- semantics
- Mesopotamian religion
- queens
- Enlil
- stones for memory
- breweries
- orality
- early writing
- ovals
- long distance memories
- cuneiform
- kingship
- inventions
- social stratification
- construction
- primogeniture
- wheels
- number systems
- The Oval Office
- myth
- primary orality
- standing stones
- bread
- filing methods
- Ancient Near East
- receipts
- temples
- "cuneiform lands"
- Amanda H. Podany
- Rebus principle
- writing to gods
- administrative tablets
- Al Hiba, Iraq
- alcohol
- history of alcohol
- property
- Mesopotamia
- Ibgal
- writing to rulers
- r/AYearOfMythology
- early writing purposes
- pottery
- Hammurabi
- archaeological dating
- afterlife
- spoken language
- Lagash
- potter's wheel
- geoforming
- Canaan
- political evolution
- audience
- commerce
- Girsu (capital of Lagash)
Annotators
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Typebar Supplies from 1989 IBM Supplies Reference Catalogue
via https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qaftye/finding_the_correct_ribbon_for_a_1973_ibm_model_d/
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forum.zettelkasten.de forum.zettelkasten.de
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reply to harr at https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/3392/folgezettel-vs-duplex-numeric-arrangement
I'll shortly have a lot more to say on this very subtle historical subject, which I've been work at off and on over the past month or so. My analysis indicates entire lack of innovation on the fronts which you're indicating. Pages 178-180 show the period standard practice of the subject alphabetic filing you say Luhmann was innovating against, but the duplex-numeric is exactly what he was using. The method he chose had been recommended and in use since at least the 1910s—especially for law offices.
Your quotes from his 1981 paper, while interesting, create a false impression stemming from post hoc, ergo propter hoc analysis. You have to remember that by the 1980s, he's been practicing this for nearly 30 years and is providing a reflection on that practice, which is also heavily impacted by his systems theory work through those decades. I strongly suspect that his mid-century perspective didn't stray far from that Remington Rand outline or those of scores of other sources.
It bears noting that of the four potential methods suggested in the chapter, the last one is the Dewey Decimal method, which many who've been in the zettelkasten space have also very naturally tried using as a scaffolding for their filing work. Others have also reasonably suggested variations like the Universal Decimal Classification system or Wikipedia's Academic Outline of Disciplines.
One will also notice that the option of doing a "Variadex Alphabetic" arrangement hasn't ever (to my knowledge) been mentioned in the online zettelkasten space. It was given the pride of place as first in the list of options, but this stems primarily from the fact that it was a variation offered by Remington Rand as a paid product with the related accessories. Every filing cabinet company and major stationery company had variations on this theme with their own custom names and products.
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3 Misconceptions About Using Index Cards #officesupplies #indexcards<br /> by [[Shannon Medisky]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-14T09:21:52
Shannon Medisky appreciates the "fidget friendl[iness]" of index cards which help her work out nervous energy and reduce her stress.
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An index card masterclass to kick start your writing.<br /> by [[Justin Hill]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-14T09:17:56
Justin Hill, a long form writer, uses index cards in his writing for taking notes, inspiration/prompts, as well as for outlining/organizing the plot of his material.
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How typewriters are making a comeback<br /> by [[CNN]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-14T09:01:22
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What's the diameter of the central hole? Checking if it's 4,5, or 6mm will help a lot in identifying which type of spool it is.
Could be made by some ribbon company like Alpad who sold Olivetti compatible ribbons/spools.
6mm diameter center holes on spools are indicative of a Gr4 typewriter spool.
via u/Koponewt at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qcocn1/does_anyone_recognise_this_spool/
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Model 50 has 42 keys, 60 has 46, so this is a Smith Premier 60.
via u/Koponewt at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qbwkp4/need_help_identifying_typewriters/
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www.federalreserve.gov www.federalreserve.gov
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Statement from Federal Reserve Chair Jerome H. Powell - Federal Reserve Board<br /> by [[Jerome H. Powell]] Chairman of the Federal Reserve <br /> accessed on 2026-01-11T22:52:25
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makerworld.com makerworld.com
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'This is for the other people': Dawes hosts Eaton fire benefit with star lineup<br /> by [[Mikael Wood]] in Los Angeles Times<br /> accessed on 2026-01-09T10:18:16
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Hermes typefaces by foundry mark:<br /> S TP = Techno Pica;<br /> S TE = Techno Elite;<br /> S PP = Petit Pica;<br /> S DE = Director Elite;<br /> S NO = Epoca;<br /> S 6 = Pica;<br /> S 7 = Elite
via https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q8dabt/what_typeface_is_this_on_my_hermes_3000/
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- Jan 2026
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www.harleyofscotland.com www.harleyofscotland.com
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https://www.harleyofscotland.com/
They white label to other companies.<br /> Bosie may be one of the better ones: https://bosie.co/collections/mens-shetland-sweaters-and-cardigans-1
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Opinion - I’m the Mayor of Minneapolis. Trump Is Lying to You.<br /> by [[Jacob Frey]] mayor of Minneapolis in The New York Times<br /> accessed on 2026-01-08T22:05:59
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u/viktor72 has new old stock of the rectangular Royal badges for the KMM, KMG, etc. from a typewriter repairman.
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q7u6n2/going_back_and_forth_as_to_whether_or_not_i/
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On Typewriters: Condition is King; Context is Queen.
It bears mentioning that an expert/professional repair person can only tell very little of the condition of a typewriter by photos. Does it look generally clean? Are the decals in tact? Does the segment look clean (a vague proxy for the potential condition of the internals)? Is anything obvious missing (knobs, return lever, keys)? Does it look cared for or has it been neglected in a barn for half a century? Most modern typewriters made after 1930 in unknown condition are worth about $5-25 and they peak at about $500 when purchased from a solid repair shop unless some Herculean additional restoration has taken place, they've got a rarer typeface, or are inherently actually rare. Hint: unless it's a pro repair shop or very high end collector with lots of experience, don't trust anyone saying that a typewriter is "rare", run the other direction. Run faster if they say it "works, but just needs a new ribbon" as—even at the most expensive—new ribbon is only $15 and their "rare" $600+ machine should have fresh, wet ribbon. The rule of thumb I use is that no one online selling a typewriter knows anything about it, including if it actually works. Worse, they've probably priced it at professional repair shop prices because they don't know that condition is king.
The least experienced typist will know far more about the condition of a machine by putting their hands on it and trying it out. Does it generally work? Does the carriage move the full length of its travel? Can you set the margins at the extremes and space reliably from one end to another? Does it skip? Is the inside clean or full of decades of dried oil, dust, and eraser crumbs? Does the margin release work? Does it backspace properly? If typing HHHhhhHHH are the letters all printed well and on the same baseline?
Presumably a typewriter at an antique store will meet these minimum conditions (though be aware that many don't as their proprietors have no idea about typewriters other than that if they wait long enough, some sucker will spend $150 on almost anything). They've done the work of finding a machine that (barely) works, housing it, and presenting it to the public for sale. This time and effort is worth something to the beginning typewriter enthusiast, but worth much, much less to the longer term practiced collector.
If everything is present and at least generally limping along, you've got yourself a $30 typewriter. Most people can spend a few hours watching YouTube videos and then manage to clean and lubricate a typewriter to get it functioning reasonably. You can always learn to do the adjustments from Youtube videos. (Or just take it to a repair shop and fork over $200-400 to get things squared.)
If you're getting into collecting, you'll make some useful mistakes by overpaying in the beginning and those mistakes will teach you a lot.
Maybe you're a tinkerer and looking for a project? If so, then find the cheapest machine you can get your hands on (maybe a Royal KMM for $9 at thrift) and work your way through a home study course.
Otherwise, if you're just buying one or two machines to use—by far—the best value you'll find is to purchase a cleaned, oiled, and well-adjusted machine from a repair shop. Sure it might cost $350-600, but what you'll save in time, effort, heartache, repair, etc. will more than outweigh the difference. Additionally you'll have a range of machines to choose from aesthetically and you can test out their feel to find something that works best for you.
Or, you could buy a reasonable machine like this for $70 and find out it needs cleaning, oiling, and adjusting and potentially a few repairs. The repair tab might run you an additional $450. Is it worth it when a repair shop would have sold you the same or a very similar machine in excellent condition for $350?
Remember in asking about the cost and value of a typewriter, you're actually attempting to maximize a wide variety of variables including, but not limited to: upfront money, information about the current state of the market, information/knowledge about the machine itself, information about how to clean it, information about oiling it, information about adjusting, information about repairing it, cost and availability of tools and repair parts, and the time involved for both learning and doing all of these. The more time you've spent learning and doing all of these, the better "deals" you'll find, but gaining this expertise is going to cost you a few years of life. What is all this "worth" when you just want to type on a machine that actually works?
Most of the prognostication you'll find in fora like this will be generally useless to you because you're not readily aware of the context and background of the respondents with respect to all of the variables above. Similarly they're working with no context about you, your situation, where you live, what's available in your area, your level of typewriter knowledge, or your budget. You don't know what you don't know. At the end of the day, you're assuredly just as well off to use a bit of your intuition and putting your hands on a machine and trying it out. Then ask: "What is it worth to you?"
If you're simply asking: "Is this highway robbery?", the answer is no.
More resources (and some of my own context) if you need them: https://boffosocko.com/research/typewriter-collection/
Happy typing.
Reply to u/NeverTheNess at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q7eho6/spotted_a_royal_at_an_antique_store_good/<br /> RE: run-of-the-mill late 70s plastic Litton/Royal typewriter
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A pen nib found inside a typewriter.<br /> https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q72sk7/what_is_this_piece/
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Smith Corona Skyriter Typewriter Draw Band String Rope Repaired Mainspring Wound<br /> by [[Phoenix Typewriter]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-07T15:56:18
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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For the average office-type chair, the sweet spot you're looking for is a tabletop about 26 inches off of the floor.
Most modern desks have their tabletops at 28-29" off of the floor which is too high for comfortably typing on a typewriter. The larger old school typewriter desks (double and single pedestals) often had a flip top or spring loaded side compartment that brought the surface that the typewriter sat on down to a more comfortable 26" off of the floor. Similarly you'll see desk returns for these desks which are an inch or two shorter to allow for a typewriter off to the side. Many of the same tanker desks had writing drawers that pulled out to provide space over the other drawers for writing and these also make great surfaces for typewriters to be an inch or two lower than the standard height. These desks usually are heavy and take up some significant floor space.
From the 1920s, a variety of manufacturers made stand-alone typewriter stands, typically with two drop leaves on either side and wheels to give one easy space for their typewriter that didn't take up a huge footprint and could be moved around the office or home as needed. Similar to these in the modern furniture space, you might find a variety of side tables or occasional tables with tabletops at a more comfortable 26-27" for your typing.
For off-label use cases, you could try a counter-height stool (24-26") as a temporary typewriter stand to pair with most standard office chairs. Generally bar stools are much taller in the 36" range, so don't do this unless it's your intention to type standing up.
I've got a 20 drawer library card catalog with a tabletop height of 36.5" that makes an excellent height for a standing desk for typing.
reply to u/The-Wolf-Bandit at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q6e8oo/what_do_you_guys_have_your_typewriters_on/
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typewriterdatabase.com typewriterdatabase.com
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Montgomery-Ward rebranding of the Underwood 450 which was never branded as an Olivetti.
https://typewriterdatabase.com/1973-montgomery-ward-olivetti-escort-66.1649.typewriter
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https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q2dmj8/can_anyone_help_me_identify_mikes_typewriter/
Stranger Things (finale)
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danallosso.substack.com danallosso.substack.com
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Corporate Personhood<br /> by [[Dan Allosso]] in MakingHistory<br /> accessed on 2026-01-05T16:51:28
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Ironically, like Roger Taney’s opining in Dred Scott, it first raises its head in a “headnote” to a case not dealing with the issue. In remarks setting the scene for their decision in Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad (1886), the court remarked, “The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does.” This statement, that the court were “all of the opinion” that “any person” applied to the fictional entities created by state charters, precluded any formal challenge by telegraphing the outcome. Thus, in a sneaky way, the court avoided having to actually produce a decision of an actual case to establish this principle. Talk about legislating from the bench!
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In the same way, the Fourteenth Amendment’s repeated use of the term “any person” in the Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection Clauses has notoriously created a legal precedent for corporate personhood.
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archive.org archive.org
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Bookkeeping and Accounting<br /> by [[Burton Holmes Films, Inc.]] in 1945 on Internet Archive<br /> accessed on 2026-01-05T16:31:49
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www.wired.com www.wired.com
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Did Gates Really Say 640K is Enough For Anyone?<br /> by [[Jon Katz]] in WIRED<br /> accessed on 2026-01-05T16:22:13
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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www.presidency.ucsb.edu www.presidency.ucsb.edu
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I tell this story to illustrate the truth of the statement I heard long ago in the Army: Plans are worthless, but planning is everything. There is a very great distinction because when you are planning for an emergency you must start with this one thing: the very definition of "emergency" is that it is unexpected, therefore it is not going to happen the way you are planning. So, the first thing you do is to take all the plans off the top shelf and throw them out the window and start once more. But if you haven't been planning you can't start to work, intelligently at least. That is the reason it is so important to plan, to keep yourselves steeped in the character of the problem that you may one day be called upon to solve--or to help to solve.
Dwight D. Eisenhower, Remarks at the National Defense Executive Reserve Conference Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/233951
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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santafe.edu santafe.edu
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In memoriam: Philip Anderson<br /> by [[Santa Fe Institute]]<br /> accessed on 2026-01-05T10:20:05
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Describing Anderson’s approach to physics, Yu recalled him saying, “Theoretical physics is not just doing calculations. It's setting up the problem so that any fool could do the calculation.”
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“It is hard to overstate the importance of the ideas of Phil Anderson to the science of SFI and complexity in general," said Santa Fe Institute President David Krakauer. "His 'More is Different' article from Science in 1972 was the most important and rigorous refutation of the foolishness of reductionism for complex systems yet published. Not only did Phil articulate why confusing parts for the whole was a problem, but in the process, he explained why different fields of inquiry – from genetics to economics – needed to exist. This was a supreme act of intellectual modesty and generosity."
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_W._Anderson Philip W. Anderson
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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forum.zettelkasten.de forum.zettelkasten.de
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Martin → chrisaldrich Yes, Chris, I even came across this site. Porstmanns Karteikunde was actually the publication that inspired my early Zettelkasten activities back when I was still a schoolboy, nearly half a century ago. And of course, Luhmann would have learned this kind of administrative practice in his first job, since it was widely used in offices at the time. I’ve always wondered whether he ever taught anything about it while working in Speyer.
Martin reports having used Porstmanns Karteikunde in his youth circa 1975 when it was widely used in offices.
Open question: Did Luhmann teach zettelkasten practices while at Speyer?
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Frank, Adam. 2025. “The Truth Physics Can No Longer Ignore.” The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/2025/12/physics-life-reductionism-complexity/685257/ (January 4, 2026).
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the sole agreed-upon source of general intelligence: life.
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Complexity, by contrast, recognizes that once lots of particles come together to produce macroscopic things—such as organisms—knowing everything about particles isn’t enough to understand reality. An early pioneer of this approach was the physicist Philip W. Anderson, who succinctly framed the nascent anti-reductionist perspective with the phrase “More is different.”
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writings.stephenwolfram.com writings.stephenwolfram.com
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What Is ChatGPT Doing … and Why Does It Work?<br /> by [[Stephen Wolfram]]<br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T16:29:29
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7ydo7H_1TA Starts out with details for properly threading film projector
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“NFORMATION RETRIEVAL” 1961 IBM BUSINESS COMPUTER PROMO MAINFRAME PUNCHCARD COMPUTERS SM10435<br /> by [[Periscope Film]] on YouTube <br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T15:56:12
Some great visuals hiding in here.<br /> Starts out with details for properly threading film projector<br /> keywords - indexing methods<br /> Key Word in Context (KWIC)<br /> inverted file (aka lookup file)<br /> Notice this is a few years after Desk Set (1957)<br /> Selective dissemination of information<br /> Fake company name: Alamer
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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" KEYS TO THE LIBRARY " 1950s EDUCATIONAL FILM CARD CATALOGS, ENCYCLOPEDIAS & DEWEY DECIMAL XD71644<br /> by [[Periscope Film]] on YouTube<br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T15:53:51
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www.cosmopolitan.com www.cosmopolitan.com
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And the Fetish of the Year Is...Gooning! By Kayla Kibbe for Cosmopolitan Published: Dec 9, 2025
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atkinsbookshelf.wordpress.com atkinsbookshelf.wordpress.com
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“This is the true joy in life, the being used for a purpose recognized by yourself as a mighty one; the being a force of Nature instead of a feverish, selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy. “ “I am of the opinion that my life belongs to the whole community, and as long as I live it is my privilege to do for it whatsoever I can. I want to be thoroughly used up when I die, for the harder I work the more I live. I rejoice in life for its own sake. Life is no ‘brief candle’ for me. It is a sort of splendid torch, which I have got hold of for the moment; and I want to make it burn as brightly as possible before handing it on to future generations.” The first paragraph is from the play Man and Superman (1903) by Irish playwright, critic, and political activist George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950). It appears in the eloquent, thought-provoking (and lengthy: more than 11,400 words!) dedication, “Epistle Dedicatory to Arthur Bingham Walkley,” of the play. The second paragraph comes from one of his speeches (found in George Bernard Shaw: His Life and His Works by Archibald Henderson). Interestingly, as the Internet has a tendency to do, the first and second paragraphs are erroneously combined, as if they were one thought written by Shaw. This cobbled-together quotation, taken from two completely separate works, appears in dozens of books, all — of course — without proper attribution. American actor Jeff Goldblum is quite fond of this quote and often recites it (most recently, for example, on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, February 15, 2019) as if it were one long paragraph, perpetuating the mistake.
two separate quotes at the top
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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https://www.reddit.com/r/math/comments/1pz0owy/statistical_investigation_of_diamond_mining_in/<br /> Statistical investigation of diamond mining in Minecraft
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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www.autonews.com www.autonews.com
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James Moylan obituary: Ford designer who invented fuel arrow<br /> by [[David Phillips]] Automotive News on 2025-12-23<br /> accessed on 2026-01-04T12:46:35
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broadviewpress.com broadviewpress.com
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https://broadviewpress.com/ I've heard rumors that they publish great annotated editions of classics.
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Podany, Amanda H. 2018. Ancient Mesopotamia: Life in the Cradel of Civilization - Course Guidebook. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company.
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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web.archive.org web.archive.org
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Kuehn, Manfred. 2014. “Some Idiosyncratic Reflections on Note-Taking in General and ConnectedText in Particular.” ConnectedText - The Personal Wiki System. https://web.archive.org/web/20140215043743/http://www.connectedtext.com/manfred.php (January 3, 2026).
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E. B. White (of "Strunk and White" fame) claimed that "writing is one way to go about thinking."
original source?
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Isaac Asimov is said to have said "Writing to me is simply thinking through my fingers."
original source?
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It has become a "thinking environment" for me;
Manfred Kuehn talking about his use of ConnectedText as a note taking application.
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But I am sure that hierarchies can get in the way, especially at the beginning.
Wanting to come up with and use knowledge hierarchies seems almost endemic to the beginning note taker. Kuehn's observation here closely matches my experience in watching newcomers to the note taking/zettelkasten space on Reddit.com and other fora over the past 8 years or so.
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Just as any other good system of notes, ConnectedText will lead to what Luhmann called a "Zweitgedächtnis" or a secondary memory that might be described with Luhmann as a "chaos (Unordnung) of non-arbitrary internal structure."[14] When we consult this external or artificial memory, we will often be surprised by what we find. In fact, the more information we have fed into the system, the more we will be surprised. Luhmann, who had an interesting concept of "communication," had no problem to call this serendipitous interaction with his notes, communication.
surprise, communication, chaos, secondary memory (Zweitgedächtnis) = combinatorial creativity
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The number of scholars who have used the index card method is legion, especially in sociology and anthropology, but also in many other subjects. Claude Lévy-Strauss learned their use from Marcel Mauss and others, Roland Barthes used them, Charles Sanders Peirce relied on them, and William Van Orman Quine wrote his lectures on them, etc.
I'm pretty sure I've come across all these examples before, many from Kuehn in other contexts...
I HAVE read this before, but Hypothes.is isn't showing the matching document. See: https://hypothes.is/users/chrisaldrich?q=url%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.connectedtext.com%2Fmanfred.php%22
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Beatrice Webb, the famous sociologist and political activist, reported in 1926: "'Every one agrees nowadays', observe the most noted French writers on the study of history, 'that it is advisable to collect materials on separate cards or slips of paper. . . . The advantages of this artifice are obvious; the detachability of the slips enables us to group them at will in a host of different combinations; if necessary, to change their places; it is easy to bring texts of the same kind together, and to incorporate additions, as they are acquired, in the interior of the groups to which they belong.'" [6] Relationships and classification can come in at any time, but it is not of prime importance that we observe them in note-taking, at least at first.
I love Kuehn's reading/understanding of Webb's work here:
"Relationships and classification can come in at any time, but it is not of prime importance that we observe them in note-taking, at least at first."
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A wiki allows one to build increasingly more complex relationships between what might appear to be at first unrelated bits and pieces of information. The motto that characterizes this approch is: "It's not the data, it's the relationship" and it certainly rings true for me in the context of note-taking.
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It was my discovery of wiki technology some time in 2002 that ended this undirected search and constituted the other fundamental change in the way I dealt with information. What I liked about it from the beginning was that it allows of easily linking bits of information and favors the braking down of large chunks of information into smaller bits. This emphasis on the granularity of information reminded me not only of the old index card method, but it also convinced me almost immediately that it was a significant improvement over the paper-based system. I adopted this technology and I have never looked back.
Movement from index cards to wikis in early 2002 by Manfred Kuehn.
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a hybrid system, as I kept these notes in close connection with Ecco Pro, which I used to keep an index of the notebook material.
Manfred Kuehn used Ecco Pro to index his notebooks in a hybrid analog/digital system.
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I accumulated altogether between 5.000 and 6.000 note cards from 1974 to 1985, most of which I still keep for sentimental reasons and sometimes actually still consult.
5,500 note cards / (11 years * 365 days/year) = approximately 1.4 notes per day
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In writing my dissertation and working on my first book, I used an index card system, characterized by the "one fact, one card" maxim, made popular by Beatrice Webb.
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In other words, this is just a testimony in which I offer some personal reflections on the role ConnectedText plays in my own research, backed up by some reflections on the way this is related to the way in which I and many other scholars have used card indexes and journals during the precious century for keeping or making notes.
Some observations on digital note taking with an app from someone who'd previously spent time using card indexes.
Tags
- note taking methods
- quotes
- quote
- Beatrice Webb
- digital notebooks
- Niklas Luhmann
- read
- notes per day
- note taking advice
- network effects
- idea links
- hybrid note taking systems
- atomic notes
- combinatorial creativity
- ConnectedText
- card index for research
- hierarchy
- Ecco Pro
- writing as thinking
- Isaac Asimov
- ars excerpendi
- one fact, one card
- zettelkasten are idiosyncratic
- tools for thought
- filing methods
- embodied cognition
- Manfred Kuehn
- thinking environments
- zettelkasten examples
- notebooks
- note taking
- E. B. White
- wikis
- note taking practices
- extended mind
- card index as database
- relationships
- References
Annotators
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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ECCO version 3.0 was released in the summer of 1995 with an updated user interface based on a ring binder.[11]
Interesting example of a digital tool mimicking a well known analog tool for its user interface.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecco_Pro<br /> Ecco Pro
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www.npr.org www.npr.org
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E-books are expensive for libraries. Some states are trying to change that<br /> by [[Clare McGrane]] for NPR<br /> accessed on 2026-01-03T19:44:28
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The last time a state tried to regulate this industry was Maryland in 2021. A federal court said it violated copyright law because it banned publishers from selling books in Maryland altogether, unless they lowered prices for libraries.
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That's why advocates have put forward blueprint legislation that seeks to regulate e-book licenses the same way states regulate other contracts that involve taxpayer money.
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Libraries often pay three to four times for the digital editions of the same exact books. Quite often, the e-audiobooks are even more expensive.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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Rugg, Gordon and Petre, Marian. 2020. The Unwritten Rules of PhD Research. 3rd ed. Open University Press.
Only three mentions of index cards here...
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Put ideas on index cards – one to a card – and then arrange them in differ-ent structures.
A repetition of Beatrice Webb's old advice of one idea per card, though missing most of her other structural advice.
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Put ideas on index cards – one to a card – and then arrange them in differ-ent structures. Again, you can do this in a series of passes, using a differentcriterion each time; this will help you to identify core concepts, structuresand outliers.
It's almost as if they're suggesting putting ideas onto index cards after-the-fact rather than from the start as older manuals would have suggested. This would seem to add a huge amount of work to the process.
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Mind-mapping and conceptual mapping are other useful structuring tools,whether on a whiteboard or using software. Sorting good old-fashioned indexcards (or Post-its) on the wall, table, or floor in different configurations is alsohelpful. There is usually more than one possible structure; the right one is theone that serves your question and thinking.
Of course no mention of how the material gets onto the "good old-fashioned" index cards.
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www.dickblick.com www.dickblick.com
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https://www.dickblick.com/items/caran-d-ache-graphicolor-bicolor-pencil-redgraphite/<br /> Caran d'Ache Graphicolor BiColor Pencil - Red/Graphite
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lifelonglearn.substack.com lifelonglearn.substack.com
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Chris Aldrich's Hypothes.is List<br /> by [[Dan Allosso]]<br /> accessed on 2026-01-03T07:56:28
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niklas-luhmann-archiv.de niklas-luhmann-archiv.de
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Münster, January 13, 1968
Presumably (is there a way to check), Luhmann gave this lecture while he was teaching from 1965-68 in his position at the Sozialforschungsstelle an der Universität Münster (Social Research Centre of the University of Münster).
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Luhmann, Niklas. 1968. “Ms. 2906: Technik des Zettelkastens.” Münster, Germany. Lecture Notes. https://niklas-luhmann-archiv.de/bestand/manuskripte/manuskript/MS_2906_0001 (January 2, 2026).
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Finding the notes This will become problematic with larger volumes. For the most part, two tools suffice for me: 1) an alphabetical index; 2) notes on the bibliographical slips, in case the problem arises from the name.
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In conclusion: from personal experience Others work differently.
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Important: Limit yourself to information you have verified.
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Lecture notes, notes on conversations, and ideas from all sorts of occasions can also be transferred to the card index.
Luhmann indicates that pretty much anything is game for putting into a zettelkasten.
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Important: Try using your own wording. This requires a strict separation of your own and others' ideas Critical reporting is simultaneously one's own thought work, a learning process, and a refinement of one's own language.
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Excerpts? Only if they are formal definitions or concise formulations. Do not copy pages and pages.
Luhmann encourages excerpts only for formal definitions and concise formulations. He explicitly admonishes against copy many pages outright.
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Reaching a level of abstraction is a slow learning process that builds upon what is already present in the card index . In this way , conceptual and interest-based priorities consolidate .
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Nevertheless, a certain rough orienting scheme is important for the beginning . It makes it easier to find "regions". Where from? Bibliography, textbooks. Again: this is not a core problem
Essentially my idea of creating "neighborhoods of ideas" explained in other terms.
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What belongs together changes anyway depending on the question being asked and cannot be predetermined schematically. No straitjacket, but rather the principle of arbitrariness
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The cross-referencing technique solves all organizational problems. Misplacements must be corrected by cross-referencing, not by rearranging.
This is particularly true when other cross references on paper can't easily be found and fixed the way they might be in digital form. Creating a pointer to the correct location is the quickest and most efficient method for fixing a mis-filing on paper.
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Each note must have a fixed location that is never changed, as finding it depends on this. Remove it when needed and replace it exactly where it was placed This requires numbering the slips of paper. There will be long numbers, therefore alternating between numbers and letters for quicker recognition: 533/15 d 17 a 1
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Paper slips (octavo) are perfectly sufficient, written on one side only
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https://niklas-luhmann-archiv.de/bestand/manuskripte/manuskript/MS_2906_0001<br /> https://niklas-luhmann-archiv.de/bestand/manuskripte/manuskript/MS_2906_0004
Luhmann wrote his own zettelkasten method one pager back on Münster, January 13, 1968
Tags
- quotes
- write only on one side
- zettelkasten search
- Niklas Luhmann
- neighborhoods of ideas
- writing for understanding
- read
- note taking advice
- abstraction
- idea links
- ownership of ideas
- combinatorial creativity
- open questions
- zettelkasten numbering
- bibliographies
- ars excerpendi
- zettelkasten method one pager
- search
- card index for learning
- writing as learning
- zettelkasten are idiosyncratic
- Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten
- filing methods
- practice
- Sozialforschungsstelle an der Universität Münster (Social Research Centre of the University of Münster)
- coming to terms
- subject filing
- cross referencing
- alphabetic filing systems
- sources
- definitions
- 1968
- principle of arbitrariness
- historical method
- knowledge transmission
- References
- separating ideas
Annotators
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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chatgpt, write me a summary of the zettelkasten method that is documented extensively online so i can post it to a sub full of people who have almost certainly heard of it before, but don't use the actual term
by u/andrewlonghofer at https://www.reddit.com/r/ObsidianMD/comments/1mbs3rd/technique_of_the_card_index_box_by_niklas_luhmann/
This is hilarious given that the article he's commenting on is a document written by Luhmann in 1968!
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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eaving the civil service in 1962, he lectured at the national Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften (University for Administrative Sciences) in Speyer, Germany.[6]
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- Dec 2025
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1pzo2fe/care_to_share_your_typewriter_set_ups_pictures/
Typewriter desks and workspaces
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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In the typewriter space, the closer you get to the people actually manufacturing typewriter ribbon, the cheaper it gets. As a result you can buy ribbon in bulk for about US$2 per spool versus $10-15. In America, I've had excellent experience with Baco and Fine Line: https://boffosocko.com/research/typewriter-collection/#Typewriter%20Ribbon
Mostly on Amazon and similar platforms you'll find resellers selling for top dollar. If you're going to do this, then the better route is to spend the same (or possibly a bit less) and get your ribbon from a local typewriter shop which helps keep them in business for the eventual day you'll need a more serious repair or help. Try a local shop from the list at https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html
If they're close, your local shop will also help teach you how to respool ribbon and thread it properly as well as potentially other tips and tricks.
reply to https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q095fg/just_bought_a_typewriter_any_tips/
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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reply to u/Wheather819 at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q0a17w/another_newbie_question/
Totally a matter of preference! Just don't type directly onto your platen without any paper at all.
Almost any paper even into the heavier card stocks will usually work in most machines. I've seen people go Jack Kerouak style and do integral rolls of paper, type on rolls of receipt paper, brown paper bags, envelopes, postcards, labels, and even scrap paper.
For me it's often index cards.
Searching this sub for paper will give you lots of ideas.
If you want to go crazy, Lenore has some fun tips with specialty papers, carbon paper, and cards in her film on advanced typing: https://boffosocko.com/2025/06/06/typewriter-use-and-maintenance-for-beginning-to-intermediate-typists/#Advanced%20Typing
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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reply to u/14Papa19 at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1q0dt1e/new_to_us_remington_streamliner/
Try spooling the ribbon manually in one direction or the other for a foot or so to get to ribbon that's not dried out and you may be in luck and not need to replace it right away.
Ribbon purveyors: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-faq.html#q1
If you've got the original Remington metal hubs (which are needed for the auto-reverse functionality), keep those as they're expensive to replace. Spool your new ribbon (1/2" wide and typically comes on 2" diameter plastic universal spools) from cheap plastic spools onto your originals.
If you don't have the original metal hubs, you can call around to repair shops for replacements (which may be the cheapest route) https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html. Ribbons Unlimited also sells these hubs with ribbon attached, but it's more expensive to do this, but once you've got them, you can buy ribbon by itself for much cheaper in the future and just wind the new ribbon onto existing spool hubs.
Here's some useful videos which might help you out in terms of how to spool up your ribbon:<br /> - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTFM54VKKc4 (Slightly different model to yours, but same spool mechanisms) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWQTa4b7jPs (This one has some advice about using a Remington without the spools.)
If you needs some tips on color matching your typewriter to a desk or your fountain pen: https://boffosocko.com/2024/03/22/acquisition-remington-streamliner-196x-portable-typewriter-in-metallic-mint-blue/
For more on use and maintenance: https://boffosocko.com/2025/06/06/typewriter-use-and-maintenance-for-beginning-to-intermediate-typists/
Good luck and happy typing!
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it has to be G-rated, has to heavily feature Christmas and romance, has to be 84 minutes with 8 commercial breaks, has a low budget, etc
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filthyplaten.com filthyplaten.com
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Post #200 – The Corona 3 tripod<br /> by [[Scott K]] in The Filthy Platen on 2014-12-21<br /> accessed on 2025-12-30T15:29:02
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www.anthropic.com www.anthropic.com
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A small number of samples can poison LLMs of any size<br /> by [[Anthropic]] from 2025-10-09 accessed on 2025-12-30T15:26:42
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newsletter.shifthappens.site newsletter.shifthappens.site
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New in the collection, pt. 3: Canon PW-10/15/30<br /> by [[Marcin Wichary]] in Shift Happens newsletter<br /> accessed on 2025-12-30T15:23:12
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Local file Local file
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p5
GENERAL CARE-Reasonable care will insure years of satisfactory performance from your typewriter. A typewriter's principal enemy is dust. Keep typewriter covered when not in use. Clean the typefaces occаsionally with a brush to remove accumulated lint and ink.
Do surface not clean your typewriter's with alcohol as it is injurious to the finish. Once in a while you may put a drop of oil on each of the two rails on which the carriage moves and then rub it off again. Never attempt to oil the typebars or any other part of the mechanism as this may have a tendency to gum and clog the working parts.
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Remington Rand. 1953. Mechanical Instructions for Remington Portable Typewriter: AN, QR, and ER Models. New York: Remington Rand, Inc. https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/MechanicalInstructionsRemingtonPortableTypewriters1953.pdf (December 8, 2025).
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www.axios.com www.axios.com
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The great unchurching of America<br /> by [[Russell Contreras]] for Axios<br /> accessed on 2025-12-30T14:03:16
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Devotees to unofficial Catholic Latino folk saints such as Santa Muerte and Jesús Malverde have also become increasingly prominent outside official religion, with tens of millions of devotees across the Americas.
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The shift in religious activity also is leaving behind a trail of "church graveyards," or empty buildings that are now difficult to sell or have been abandoned.These churches once served as community gathering places for Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, voting precincts, or town halls, leaving a void.
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An unprecedented 15,000 churches are expected to shut their doors this year, far more than the few thousand expected to open, according to denominational reports and church consultants.
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It costs campaigns about $1.40 to reach out to a single religiously unaffiliated voter, compared to $ 0.45 per faith-based voter, he said.
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Nearly three in 10 American adults today identify as religiously unaffiliated — a 33% jump since 2013, according to the nonpartisan Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI).
Tags
- demographic shifts
- unchurching
- Alcoholics Anonymous
- political campaigns
- religion
- church closures
- American culture
- church graveyards
- read
- Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI)
- Jesús Malverde
- Americas
- American politics
- religious affiliation
- politics and religion
- folk saints
- community meeting spaces
- Santa Muerte
- third spaces
- religion in America
Annotators
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inq.shop inq.shop
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https://inq.shop/pages/inq-features-user-guide
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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I recently replaced the belts on my Sears Celebrity Power 12 (a Smith Corona rebrand if I understand correctly) that were shedding perished rubber with Gates 3M315 Polyflex V-Belts. The typewriter is much happier now; no more bouncing middle wheel or rattling and the impressions are much clearer. Before the smaller punctuation characters (-_.,) had about a 75% success rate, now they work great.
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1pypbrf/minimum_impression_maybe_too_heavy_on_sears/
Gates 3M315 polyflex v-belts
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www.facebook.com www.facebook.com
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1952+ Newsroom at The Masters featuring dozens of Royal HH typewriters.
via https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1205955487563562&set=a.527768838715567
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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reply to u/rawbran30 at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1py74mf/internet_hype_trendeffect_and_brand_popularity/
Olympias were imported into the US from the 50s into the 70s and were manufactured at peak typewriter engineering and manufacturing methods before machines slowly got cheaper and cheaper in terms of materials and craftsmanship through the 60s and into the early 80s before typewriters were subsumed by the word processor market.
Compared to Smith-Coronas and Remingtons of the 50s and early 60s (their peaks), Olympias are slightly better manufactured in terms of fit and finish. They're also slightly more modern looking in terms of body shapes and colors compared to other machines, which also helps to drive up price amongst collectors.
Now is an Olympia SM3 or SM9 really so much better than a Smith-Corona Silent Super that they should enjoy an almost 2x jump in price for an unserviced model? Potentially not, but if this is your issue, then buy something from a professional shop that's been cleaned, oiled, and adjusted and a lot of the price differential evaporates.
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app.inq.live app.inq.liveinq1
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https://app.inq.live/
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www.loc.gov www.loc.gov
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https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeLCGFT/freelcgft.html
This page provides print-ready PDF files for the the Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT), as well as the Genre/Form Terms Manual, which provides guidelines and instructions for making proposals and for applying genre/form terms. LCGFT is available as part of LC's web-based subscription product, Classification Web Plus .
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www.loc.gov www.loc.gov
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https://www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeLCSH/freelcsh.html
This page provides print-ready PDF files for the 46th Edition of the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Data for the 46th edition was selected in April 2025. For users desiring enhanced functionality, LCSH will continue as part of the web-based subscription product, Classification Web Plus.
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id.loc.gov id.loc.gov
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https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html<br /> Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)
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https://id.loc.gov/<br /> Library of Congress Linked Data Service
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)<br /> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Subject_Headings
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archive.org archive.org
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archive.org archive.org
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https://archive.org/details/triumph-perfekt-manual/Triumph%20Perfekt%20Factory%20Test/
A factory test sheet from Triumph
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archive.org archive.org
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www.facebook.com www.facebook.com
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https://www.facebook.com/groups/1794856020751839/?multi_permalinks=4308967442674005
A reasonable sounding version of why not to use some of the commonly suggested methods for rejuvenating platens.
If you wish to attempt to lower the Shore A hardness of your typewriter platen temporarily, I would recommend applying a more compatible mixture of xylene (non-polar solvent), Methyl Alcohol and Methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) in a 3 to 1 to 1 ratio such as is found in the product called Rubber Renue from M.G. Chemicals. All the necessary chemicals are available on Amazon, and you can make it by the litre for pennies compared to the commercial product.
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www.designboom.com www.designboom.com
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www.facebook.com www.facebook.com
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www.c-lineproducts.com www.c-lineproducts.com
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https://www.c-lineproducts.com/
Name tags that read: "Hello, My Name is" were launched by C-Line in 1959.
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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I've got a couple of typewriters I mean I guess you're collector once you have more than three right? I would say that that does count if you if you buy the same item. Yeah three that's probably collecting. Right. If you have two not so much, yeah. —Keanu Reeves on collecting 7:31
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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TypewriterMinutes - Typewriter Review: 1963 Sears Cutlass - YouTube<br /> by [[TypewriterMinutes]]<br /> accessed on 2025-12-26T01:20:57
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site.xavier.edu site.xavier.edu
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Known historical users of the Royal KMG:
- Edward Abbey
- John Ashbery
- Saul Below
- Johnny Carson
- Joan Didion
- Bernard Kalb
- Elia Kazan
- Helen Keller (may have been a KMM)
- Grace Metalious
- Arthur Miller
- Carl Reiner
- Fred Rogers
- Rod Sterling
- George Sheehan
- Wallace Stegner
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www.goodreads.com www.goodreads.com
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“I write because I don't know what I think until I read what I say.” ― Flannery O'Connor
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/315733-i-write-because-i-don-t-know-what-i-think-until
original source?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The Wrenboys have some similarities with the skeklers of Shetland.
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In Welsh mythology, the hero Lleu Llaw Gyffes (Lleu of the Skilful Hand) gains his byname by striking a wren with perfect aim, "between the sinew and the bone".
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The ninth century Cormac's Glossary derives the Old Irish word for "wren", drean, from druí-én, meaning "druid bird", and says it is "a bird that makes prophecies".
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In Kerry, they were accompanied by a hobby horse called the Láir Bhán.
Any relationship of Wren Day to Ma
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- Mabinogion
- wren
- Manx traditions
- druid bird
- Celtic paganism
- druids
- winter solstice
- Welsh traditions
- 12 Days of Celtic Mythology 2025
- sean-nós
- Welsh mythology
- Irish traditions
- Seosamh Ó hÉanaí
- Láir Bhán
- read
- wrens
- Celtic cultures
- Cormac's Glossary
- skeklers
- wrenning
- Saint Stephen's Day
- prophecies
- Celtic mythology
- Lleu Llaw Gyffes
- Mari Lwyd
- Saint Stephen
- Wren Day
- wassailing
- Shetland traditions
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health.clevelandclinic.org health.clevelandclinic.org
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What Is the Spoon Theory Metaphor for Chronic Illness? 2021-11-16<br /> accessed on 2025-12-22T20:30:22
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Enter spoon theory, developed in 2003 by writer Christine Miserandino.
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People who live with chronic pain and subscribe to spoon theory may refer to themselves as “spoonies.”
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udel.edu udel.edu
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https://udel.edu/~mcdonald/mythptc.html
Was this the white substance mentioned in Erwin Schrodinger's Mind and Matter (Schrodinger1992b) chapter 6?
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quotefancy.com quotefancy.com
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“To read without writing is to sleep.” — St. Jerome
https://quotefancy.com/quote/1256971/St-Jerome-To-read-without-writing-is-to-sleep
source?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democritus
Was the epithet "laughing philosopher" used as a mnemonic device for Democritus?
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www.amazon.com www.amazon.com
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proquest.syndetics.com proquest.syndetics.com
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annoying.one annoying.one
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https://annoying.one/
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