Collaborative annotation is an effective methodology that increases student participation, expands reading comprehension, and builds critical-thinking skills and community in class. Annotating together makes reading visible, active, and social, enabling students to engage with their texts, teachers, ideas, and each other in deeper, more meaningful ways.
Love this description!
Herzog, S. (2020, May 21). Boosting COVID-19 related behavioral science by feeding and consulting an eclectic knowledge base. Psychonomic Society Featured Content. https://featuredcontent.psychonomic.org/boosting-covid-19-related-behavioral-science-by-feeding-and-consulting-an-eclectic-knowledge-base/
what makes it different is that you are free to choose the highlight colors you use
The latest version of Ubuntu's default PDF viewer Evince has a built-in highlighter. It is very efficient. And unlike other softwares, the highlighted text is also detected when we open it using other softwares like Adobe PDF Viewer.
scoped to a particular domain.
Climate Feedback group (see here and here) seems to be one of these Restricted Publisher Groups. However, it doesn't seem to be "scoped to a particular domain" (see for example here, here, or here).
Is this a third configuration of Publisher Groups? Or a different kind of groups altogether? Or have these domains been enabled one by one to the Publisher Group scope? Is this behaviour explained somewhere?
5e7a3428d384390067cdb7be. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2020, from https://mfr.osf.io/render?url=https://osf.io/s7hpm/?direct%26mode=render%26action=download%26mode=render
Explain thermal equilibrium
Example
It will allow anyone to annotate anything anywhere, be it a web page, an ebook, a video, an image, an audio stream, or data in raw or visualized form
Traditional annotations are marginalia, errata, and highlights in printed books, maps, picture, and other physical media
a “layer over the web,” based on open standards, that allows people to comment even when and where comments aren’t allowed
Highlights can be created by clicking the button.
This is obviously derived from Liner!
drain more of our mental resources while we are reading
In the abstract, the study cited points to "dual-task effects of fulfilling the assignment and working with the computer resulting in a higher cognitive workload".
Although this load may decrease with people getting more and more familiar with computers (and computers getting more and more intuitive), it is also the case that more distractors are available too.
This reminds me of a webinar hosted by Hypothesis in which Amanda Licastro mentioned Cathy Davidson's book "Now you see it" to talk about "Productive Multitasking". In the view that Amanda presented (at least what I understood of what she said), multitasking and distractions are unavoidable, but we can canalize them productively through web annotation, for example -instead of switching to Facebook and disconnect from what we were reading.
moderating entities.
But do this entities have to be central, monolithic? Can't they be distributed, collaborative?
I usually like to think of the reddit model as a proposal for moderation of web annotation. Reddit is quite flexible as of what it is allowed and what it is not (this has, of course, brought heated debates in the past). But reddit has multiple reddits (as web annotation may have multiple groups or sublayers), each with a set of rules, administered and moderated by one or more people.
Do you like the moderation rules of one subreddit? You can join and even help with moderation. You don't like them? Then don't join and find another one you feel more comfortable with.
If your work withers under Audrey’s critical gaze, you’ve got more work to do.
Audrey Watters blocked Genius and Hypothesis from her blog on Apr 2017: http://hackeducation.com/2017/04/26/no-annotations-thanks-bye
Genius blocker
This can be very easily circumvented with uBlock or similar. Just add a rule that forbids this script from loading. One simple rule is as follows (I guess there must be neater ways to do it):
||*/genius-blocker.js
never even implemented a way for webmasters to opt out of it,
There were discussions about opt-out mechanisms in the Web Annotation Working group (see here), but in the end it was decided that further work would be deferred to to a future version of the specifications.
social annotation strategy effect, students experienced extraneouscognitive load that negatively affected their initial performance becauseof instructional activities.
Cognitive load of social annotation
both the body of the annotations and their anchors need to be revised before the annotations are suitable for use in a public discussion.
Is a good practice for hypothesis to make personal annotations first, when reading, without carefully thinking of them too much, and then, once reading is over, go back to the annotations and see which are relevant to make public and polish them a bit?
descriptive study of a large develop-ment team—roughly 450 people producing about 9,000 annotationson about 1,250 documents over 10 months—using a Web-based anno-tation system.
Isthere any way of using these annotations (cryptic jottings,emphasis symbols, underlining and highlighting) in theDocuverse?
For example, I think one could sum the highlight in each specific section. If many people highlighted a passage, then the highlight color is higher. That way one would be able to discover passages that many people found important/interesting. Although, it may also bias others to do the same. As usual.
pushing the grain-size of the hypertext to the morphemic level
This ability is clearly reflected in 2017's W3C Web Annotation standard
Although certainly it would be folly to becomeenmired in imitating paper systems and paper-basedpractices, it is important to look beyond the existing on-linefacilities for readers
This is in clear opposition to the ideas of Brust and Rothkugel in their 2007's "On Anomalies in Annotation Systems", where they claim that "a new annotation system is doomed to fail if it is based on the pen-and-paper annotation paradigm only".
Wherever your article is published, readers can leave annotations and replies if they have their own personal datastore to save them to.
"if they have their own personal datastore to save them to". Can readers see each other's annotations?
a user can download his or her own data
In a platform where one of the main values is collaboration, how important is it that these platforms guarantee that the user will be able to backup his/her data in case he/she wants (or is forced to) move out? Shouldn't this platforms also guarantee that one would be able to download ALL public data (or data the specific user has access to) to make sure he/she will be able to recreate the whole thing if he/she wants (or is forced) to?
Okular has the "document archiving" feature. This is an Okular-specific format for carrying the document plus various metadata related to it (currently only annotations).
Text annotations like Yellow Highlighter and Black Underlining for files with text like e.g. PDF.
Tired of wasteful printing? Teachers save valuable time by using Kami, enabling them to enhance workflow and collaborate with their students in real time.
(Perusall is one such tool to do that.)
Or use Hypothesis--free and open source!
annotation serves five equally important, and sometimes overlapping purposes: Providing information, sharing commentary, expressing power, sparking conversation, and aiding learning.
five purposes
And when Sam Anderson wrote his 2011 essay What I Really Want Is Someone Rolling Around in the Text, he recalled experiencing annotation as additive, useful, social, a means to collaborate with a text, and as “meta-conversation running in the margins.”
meta conversation running in the margins
annotation.
P.S. In the time it has taken me to get this post in shape, I'm now at 105K. Talk again down the road!
Public Annotation
While my annotations tilt predominantly to the private layer, I'm branching out!
Future of the Web
Annotation fulfills the future promise of the Web!
Planning
Annotation is great for planning that requires resources that are scattered across the web. Check this out!
Scholarly Publishing
I can think of countless ways to use annotation in scholarly publishing!
my life
Yeah, you must think I'm kidding, but no.
“choose your own (adventure) annotation path”
Each annotation in the path will lead you to the next!
As Framebench, we set out to build a really cool and fast visual collaboration platform which, over the past 3 years, enabled more than a 1000 companies to annotate and communicate on visual files in real time.
Step Inside Brazil’s Museu Nacional, Before the Devastating Blaze
Be sure to open all the annotations on the page! This article marks an experiment into public annotation. While most of my annotation is for private purposes, I do think that anyone can contribute to knowledge creation using annotation. I hope you agree. I also created a special director's cut edition of an article I wrote!
Annotation is coming to scholarly content, but there are key choices to be made that will dramatically affect the collective outcome we achieve.
Be sure to click to open all annotations on this page! I continue to marvel at the ways that scholarly communication experiments with open annotation! For example Transparent Review in Preprints and the American Society of Plant Biologists' continuing experiments. And I continue to use annotation every day--how else would I reach 100K annotations? Click here to return to 100K post and try another adventure!
Over 300,000 people have created Hypothesis accounts — including over 100,000 just this year — and are actively annotating more than ever: we’ve seen over 10,000 active users every month this fall, with over 15,000 active users in both September and October.
I remember when we passed 1 million annotations back in early February 2017. I couldn't be more thrilled to see the continuing acceleration in the numbers. I can't wait until the web browsers include annotation by default to make it even easier to use open annotation. Let's make that happen! Return to try another 100K adventure!
Gaudi’s Casa Batlló
Barcelona--Casa Batllo with Audio Tour $30
The Gaudi attractions in Barcelona were hard for me to keep track of, so I began adding images and notes to myself about planning the trip. This got me thinking that I could plan other things.
Finding new ways to harness engagement in scholarly communications is a goal of the Knowledge Futures Group, and inline annotation is a technology that I rely upon every day to organize my thoughts and track my online reading. I reached out to the authors of three forthcoming MIT Press books that have undergone this type of review during the last year.
Collaborative community review can be used for all sorts or purposes. To return to the 100K blog and follow another adventure, just click here.
Transparent Review in Preprints (TRiP) — that enables journals and peer review services to post peer reviews of submitted manuscripts on CSHL’s preprint server bioRxiv.
Incredible use of annotation technology in peer review over preprints! Watch this space! I'm lucky that I get to use annotation in my work at the Knowledge Futures Group.
ASPB editors are adding some of the first annotations on The Plant Cell to provide links to related scholarly materials, including peer review reports, “in brief” companion articles, and — as in the example pictured below — author biographies. View a dynamic list of all annotations in ASBP’s open group.
It's fantastic to see ASPB continue to expand the use of annotation to promote engagement and transparency in their journals! And there are even more ways to use annotation in peer review!
The American Psychological Association (APA) and Hypothesis are pleased to announce a partnership to bring annotation capabilities to content hosted on APA’s PsycNET platform. By embedding this key collaborative technology, APA will make it easier for authors, researchers and readers to use and explore multiple conversations in addition to the publisher version of record.
APA had some great ideas to encourage author updates to content, including the addition of videos. Other publishers wanted to make peer review more visible or to highlight content on related platforms!
I annotate everything, and the tool has changed the way I do my research and my reading.
Almost two years later, I STILL annotate everything I read. In my new role at the MIT Knowledge Futures Group, I work with groups creating communities on PubPub who engage through annotation, including in the classroom, through open collaborative peer review, and more! What happened? Click to find out how I fell in love with open infrastructure!
Finding new ways to harness engagement in scholarly communications is a goal of the Knowledge Futures Group, and inline annotation is a technology that I rely upon every day to organize my thoughts and track my online reading.
I hope that you enjoy this blog post on the use of annotation for community review. Please feel free to create a free PubPub account and leave me some feedback! Happy Annotating! Return to 100K post here.
Interested authors can select In Review when they submit their manuscript through Editorial Manager. Participating will enable them to track the progress of their manuscript through peer review with immediate access to review reports, share their work to engage a wider community through open annotation using Hypothesis, follow a transparent editorial checklist, and gain early collaboration and citation opportunities.
Annotation in peer review, whether on preprints or through a more traditional manuscript submission system, offers the option for reviewers, editors, and authors to give and received feedback in context. And I'm super excited about this new project.
several observers suggested Hypothesis might help carry those comments forward
It was so exciting to be a part of this initiative, to rescue annotations from PubMedCommons, an example of how open infrastructure can pick up the torch to keep something valuable from disappearing. Annotation can also streamline peer review.
The open-source Hypothesis software has been extensively customised for use by eLife and other publishers with new moderation features, single sign-on authentication and user-interface customisation options now giving publishers more control over its implementation on their sites.
I was so excited to see the eLife Publisher Group go live--finally, an integration with a real live publisher! It wasn't long before other publishers were adding their own groups!
Hypothesis considers a "close enough match" to be a success and does NOT place the corresponding annotation in the Orphan category, thus creating a false positive.
During a rainy afternoon, not long ago, being in a mood too listless for continuous study, I sought relief from ennui in dipping here and there, at random, among the volumes of my library — no very large one, certainly, but sufficiently miscellaneous; and, I flatter myself, not a little recherché. Perhaps it was what the Germans call the “brain-scattering” humor of the moment; but, while the picturesqueness of the numerous pencil-scratches arrested my attention, their helter-skelter-iness of commentary amused me. I found myself at length, forming a wish that it had been some other hand than my own which had so bedevilled the books, and fancying that, in such case, I might have derived no inconsiderable pleasure from turning them over.
Spider silk is as strong as steel and as light as a feather, but attempts to industrialize its production have gotten stuck, so to speak.
Be sure to open all the annotations on the page! This article was one of my forays into public annotation. I wanted to add images and links to this existing article. It was fun to do, and I hope I created a unique reading experience for those fortunate enough to have Hypothesis enabled in their browsers! I love museums, so I augmented this post.
In the far future, the [human group] fights a pitched battle against the mighty [alien name] Empire, but deep in the mysterious [region of space], among the ruins of the past, a darker threat looms."
If I could write a short story or even a novel using only annotations (and info on the web pages themselves, like setting, plot developments, clues)! Might be fun! What cool uses can you think of?
Collaboratively draft, review, and publish in an integrated, iterative process.
I'm working in open infrastructure now--and it incorporates annotation for engagement and collaborative review. (It's not W3C compliant at this time, but who knows!) I still believe that open annotation is the future!
Vannevar Bush July 1945 Issue
Imagine what Vannevar Bush would think of the web annotation standard--or the fact that his article has been annotated more than 270 times! But the impact of annotation is much, much bigger than one article!
Annotation extends that power to a web made not only of linked resources, but also of linked segments within them. If the web is a loom on which applications are woven, then annotation increases the thread count of the fabric. Annotation-powered applications exploit the denser weave by defining segments and attaching data or behavior to them.
I remember the first time I truly understood what Jon meant when he said this. One web page can have an unlimited number of specific addresses pointing into its parts--and through annotation these parts can be connected to an unlimited number of parts of other things. Jon called it: Exploding the web! How far we've come from Vannevar Bush's musings...
The Web Annotation Data Model specification describes a structured model and format to enable annotations to be shared and reused across different hardware and software platforms.
The publication of this web standard changed everything. I look forward to true testing of interoperable open annotation. The publication of the standard nearly three years ago was a game changer, but the game is still in progress. The future potential is unlimited!
In our big splash at SFN, NIF and Hypothesis released a collection of thousands of RRID annotations generated by SciBot, our hybrid machine- and human-based annotation tool. When activated, SciBot automatically recognizes RRIDs within papers, then makes a call to an RRID resolver service and pipes the information about these resources—including other papers that have been published using them—into annotations managed by the Hypothesis client.
This demonstrates one of the coolest things about annotation--the ability for machines and humans to work together to recognize and link entities for reproducibility and other purposes. What other examples can you add?Who will make the next one?
The idea of a system enabling a multiplicity of independent individuals to create lightweight value-added "trails" through a document space was envisaged most prominently by Vannevar Bush as early as 1945 [BUSH]. ComMentor can be thought of as a tool which such "trail blazers" use to add value to contents, and which other people use to find guidance based on these human-created super-structures. The overall architecture can be seen as a platform where value-added providers can provide their services (as a third player next to content providers and end users).
I'd heard of ComMentor before, but I hadn't noticed that Terry and Martin cited Vannevar and mentioned the notion of trails here. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/
For a machine learning model to “understand” a language, it needs vast amounts of text that has been annotated by linguists to teach it the building blocks of human language, from parts of speech to syntactic relationships
manually coding the rules
labelling the training data
We hope to improve our writing, address our blind spots, and correct any shortcomings by welcoming divergent viewpoints from people who, as our peers, can capably and usefully review Annotation.
I was so excited to participate in the collaborative community review of Annotation. Remi and Antero have done an amazing job documenting the history and the thought processes behind the practice.
For example, this note should appear highlighted in yellow. Try clicking on it!
This is what an annotation looks like!
connecting threads in the larger fabric
microscope
It is the most value tool of my life until now. :D
and a note will appear
or labeling photographs to train an artificial intelligence program
I have been looking for something like this for years.
This is a test of the experimental version of Hypothesis that does not open and cover the window by default. I want to add this functionality to my blog because I am looking for more feedback on this blog and I am hoping that there are more people out there interested in annotating the web.
Epictetus wrote nothing; and all that we have under his name was written by an affectionate pupil, Arrian, afterwards the historian of Alexander the Great, who, as he tells us, took down in writing the philosopher’s discourses
As it happens, this annotation works through its proper URL) but, Hypothesis butchered the link. You need to turn the page once to see the highlight though.
saved
Saved where?
Would love to see an IPFS solution.
Transparent Review in Preprints will allow journals and peer review services to show peer reviews next to the version of the manuscript that was submitted and reviewed.
A subtle but important point here is that when the manuscript is a preprint then there are two public-facing documents that are being tied together-- the "published" article and the preprint. The review-as-annotation becomes the cross-member in that document association.
Reading Histories
To share annotations of your own:
1) You'll need a free Hypothes.is account.
2) Toggle between the UW-Madison Pressbooks layer and the Public annotation layer.
<iframe src="https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/wiwgrangerized/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&id=7" width="830" height="972" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><script src="https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/app/plugins/h5p/h5p-php-library/js/h5p-resizer.js" charset="UTF-8"></script>
3) Share your thoughts! (Don't forget to click "Post to public!"
Click here for additional information and instructions about this book's annotation layer.
Marginalia
Remi Kalir and Antero Garcia are in the process of revising and gathering feedback on their forthcoming book, Annotation. The early drafts of this book came out after I first composed this section of The Woman in White: Grangerized. I'm thrilled to be reading Kalir and Garcia's text in the present and am looking forward to drawing in some of their points in this critical edition. Future additions of this chapter will reflect their thoughtful, exciting work!
By her own hand
Something that a lot of other students, and professors, mentioned that they have learned was this idea of "catharsis" in Greek theater. How important it was to include it in their writings, and how they pioneered this idea and really got to create it. I think this line is a great example of emotional catharsis for the audience. A woman has killed herself out of guilt, sadness, disgust, or a combination, and yet- we feel relieved. Relieved that she does not have to live with this vile truth of her wedding and having kids with her own son. It allows the audience this emotional catharsis of her release from this life, and a feeling that she knew it was wrong.
.d-undefined, .lh-undefined { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) !important; }.d-undefined, .lh-undefined { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) !important; }1Jeremy DeanNevertheless, evidence overwhelmingly suggests that educators’ written feedback to students does aid learning.d-undefined, .lh-undefined { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) !important; }.d-undefined, .lh-undefined { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) !important; }13, whether with young children learning another language5 or with medical students learning professional practices.
I feel like there is also research that indicates the quicker the feedback is given and consumed, the more effective it is as well. Perhaps this is a more useful thing with digital feedback which can be done in near-real time.
I’ll also note that many of the top writing programs in the country (Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars and Iowa’s Writers’ Workshop) rely on written and aural annotated feedback from entire classrooms of students on others’ work.
This is a test post
this is an annotation
On the other hand, a resource may be generic in that as a concept it is well specified but not so specifically specified that it can only be represented by a single bit stream. In this case, other URIs may exist which identify a resource more specifically. These other URIs identify resources too, and there is a relationship of genericity between the generic and the relatively specific resource.
I was not aware of this page when the Web Annotations WG was working through its specifications. The word "Specific Resource" used in the Web Annotations Data Model Specification always seemed adequate, but now I see that it was actually quite a good fit.
invites us to collaboratively annotate syllabi
Interested folks might also want to check out @RemiKalir's updated post: Annotate Your Syllabus 2.0.
a rich and highly granular record of engagement between people and texts
Many thanks again to Steel Wagstaff for suggesting this language.
enabling them to make more substantial connections with both people and texts, and curate durable records of their learning across materials and contexts
Many thanks to Steel Wagstaff for suggesting this language.
at any time, in any place
Huge thanks to Maha Bali for reminding me to make this point about annotation's capabilities to extend reading across time and space.
collaborative, digital, interoperable annotation
Like Hypothesis. Read annotations here or add your own with a free Hypothesis account.
tlten will I ru·gne with you that tl1c slave ia n man I
I feel as if Frederick Douglass feels it is his duty to bring awareness to the fact that slaves are men. Due to this conclusion all men shall be citizens of the state. Therefor, slaves are not only prevented from many basic human rights but also the right to vote (along with many other civic responsibilities). In my paper I will discuss the civic responsibilities of ALL people (free men, slaves and women).
driven by data—where schools use data to identify a problem, select a strategy to address the problem, set a target for improvement, and iterate to make the approach more effective and improve student achievement.
Gates data model.
a successful transition from high school to postsecondary education and career-training programs.
Annotation is one of those core academic practices that spans K-16.
regularly use data to continuously improve the supports, instruction, and learning students experience.
Data from annotation informing teaching practices, understanding of learning, success, at admin level.
real-time assessments for gauging student progress
Real-time grading/assessment for reading = annotation
And note just assessment, but presence: peer learning; teacher-student feedback, ...
I also strongly support the public annotation, archiving and active curation of artifacts (papers, reports, student projects, annotated list of resources, slideshows etc.) that are produced within the COI so as to provide resources for other and subsequent COIs located around the globe (Tibbo, 2015; Ungerer, 2016).
This is a call to annotate! What better way to support this notion that to create public annotations with Hypothesis :) Leaving this here in the hopes that future annotators of this article will find this and help annotate this important update to a seminal model.
how can such strategies be replicated withinthe context of an institutions online learningenvironment?
Do we want to Replicate, or do we want to break new ground here? SAMR Model
there are a plethora of online tools that can offeralternatives to enabling the use of such online active learning strategies.
However, I've searched this document and there is not a word about annotation...
These miserable wretches are so odious unto all their neighbors, and so feared, as few dare offend them, or deny them any thing they ask: whereby they take upon them; yea, and sometimes think, that they can do such things as are beyond the ability of human nature.
The miserable witches are very unpleasant to all their neighbors, they are feared and few are brave enough to offend them, or deny what they ask. They even thing that they can do things that are beyond the ability of humans
This passage shows how witches were though of and how afraid people were of them. It shows how people thought of witches as being mean and unpleasant. It also shows the view that witches were believed to have super natural abilities.
I imagine there is
Is Hypothes.is it ?
lets us focus on critique without a requirement that we devalue the work
An even more valuable element is that the critiques stay IN CONTEXT rather than appearing out of context in reviews, blog posts, etc.
This would be a good space to let folks really kick the tires with Hypothes.is. I am wondering why they seem reluctant to let the crowd loose on the "actual" program? If someone finds the notes and such distracting, one can turn them off. This is a great feature of Hypothes.is. I sometimes like to read a document all the way through before I read any comments or notes.
doer effect
I wonder if I can emulate this improvement in learning in reading-oriented (history) classes by guiding the students through a Hypothes.is-based annotation engagement with texts?
THIS TEXT and leave an annotation!
Annotated!
, we find only 135 Hypothes.is annotations across the >9000 papers of the nine282services we examined
I wonder if there is any variation in this across the services. Do some disciplines lend themselves better to the use of annotation. Perhaps disciplines with a longer history of collaborative annotation would make better use of it.
(optional) Using the LTI Outcomes service, the tool can also return a piece of plain text, a basic URL, or even an LTI Launch URL. This will be attached to a student submission object in Canvas, and it’ll be visible on the student submission page and in Speedgrader
This is key: to deliver the artifact of the annotation to Speedgrader.
Annotation Profile Follow learners as they bookmark content, highlight selected text, and tag digital resources. Analyze annotations to better assess learner engagement, comprehension and satisfaction with the materials assigned.
There is already a Caliper profile for "annotation." Do we have any suggestions about the model?
And does this relate to the zoom recording thing as well because you could record it and then comment on the pieces of it.
Well here we are, talking about zoom annotation! So, here's an annotation on a zoom transcript where we're talking about zoom annotation!
Meta!
In the 1990s, Graeme Obree and Chris Boardman began experimenting with bike positions and designs in an effort to improve aerodynamics. The UCI, however, eventually outlawed the radical bikes and positioning made famous by the duo, and in 1997 the UCI brought in new rules restricting competitors to traditional equipment.
L'histoire de vélos du record de l'Heure !
Example (Before) A direct link to an article in Project Muse before the proxy URL has been added: https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/demography/v047/47.4.groen.pdf Example (After) A direct link to an article in Project Muse after the proxy URL has been added: http://eztncc.vccs.edu:2048/login?url=https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/demography/v047/47.4.groen.pdf
How will their proxy interfere with ours? Or h more generally?
Linking to the article also allows the Library to track use and obtain data about the importance of a particular journal to the campus.
Another argument for linking.
While there may be good reason to upload articles to the LMS, it is important to consider that doing so may mean that your students do not have the most recent version of the article. It is not unusual for publishers to make corrections or changes, such as adding supplementary material, to articles after initial publication.
Argument for permalinks v downloads.
The libraries recommend that you link articles from the library databases to your course in lieu of making the pdfs available.
This seems the norm though not strictly enforced in practice. That is, libraries say this is what you should do, but profs keep PDFs of articles locally, etc.
Article content must reside on the EBSCOhost servers due to licensing restrictions.
This seems key.
In a perfect world, the author would sell you a license to the book and you'd just read it on whatever platform suited you. For now, the leading ebook providers are not making this easy so I end up with some titles (and associated annotations) on one platform and other titles on another, which is far more complicated than it needs to be.
La liste
élément important, s'il en est, de la structuration de notre espace numérique. Elle est aussi symptomatique de la tension qui nous traverse entre le désir d'unifier des éléments en les rassemblant sous un même "genre" et d'en maintenir la distinction afin qu'ils conservent leur individualité. Par contre le malaise est ressenti lorsqu'on y incorpore des personnes morales. Mais cette résistance s'évanouit peu à peu. Est-ce tant mieux ?
It would be nice if comments and annotations could be voted by people, and have the possibility to sort them chronologically etc.
special messages can be hung on that offer ideas such as simplifying an argument or circumventing a blocked path
Annotating what he is writing about as annotation... yet, what is missing here is some way of re-arranging, weighting, them...
II. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Here's the beginning of the first excerpt we're focusing on for Week 2: Section II, parts A & B.
The second excerpt is below, Section III, Part A, subsections 1 and 2.
We are focusing on specific excerpts to make this lengthy document a little more manageable for this iteration of the project. That said, you are of course welcome and encouraged to annotate any part of the document you find noteworthy.
the H-LAM/T system's repertoire hierarchy.
These words mark the end of the first excerpt we're focusing on during Week 2 of the first iteration of the Engelbart Framework Project.
We'll focus on the rest of Section II, probably the hardest section of the document to understand readily, in a subsequent iteration. As always, you're welcome and encouraged to annotate you find noteworthy in any part of the document.
For Andreessen, the mission was personal. Before starting his venture capital firm with Ben Horowitz, Andreessen had co-invented Mosaic, the first web browser.
Our open letter to Genius and Marc. https://hypothes.is/blog/a-letter-to-marc-andreessen-and-rap-genius/
incorporating community feedback and expert judgment
Biomed Central and ResearchSquare have partnered on a project called InReview, which enables community feedback in parallel with traditional peer review. More on that project here.
peer review reports are published, either anonymously or with attribution;
American Society for Plant Biologists is using Hypothesis annotation to draw the reader's attention to Peer Review Reports, publications that were previously hidden in supplementary materials. An example can be found here. And a list of all articles where such annotations have been added can be found here.
We believe that a “publish first, curate second” approach with the following features would be a strong alternative: authors decide when and what to publish; peer review reports are published, either anonymously or with attribution; and curation occurs after publication, incorporating community feedback and expert judgment to select articles for target audiences and to evaluate whether scientific work has stood the test of time. These proposed changes could optimize publishing practices for the digital age, emphasizing transparency, peer-mediated improvement, and post-publication appraisal of scientific articles.
This seems like a great argument for open annotation.
Or helpful annotations anchored to places of interest.
Absolutely! Think how useful (and how annoying) this could be. The ability for the user to choose will be key.
And
this who paragraph is about citation and annotation lol
Mybook will lack all of this, for I have nothing to note in the marginor to annotate at the end, and I certainly don’t know which authorsI have followed so that I can mention them at the beginning,
an ode to influence, and intertextuality
without notes in the margins or annotations at the endof the book
The Ultimate Guide to Python Type Checking
Type hints cheat sheet (Python 3)¶ This document is a quick cheat sheet showing how the PEP 484 type annotation notation represents various common types in Python 3.
Hypothes.is
You can learn more about Hypothesis annotation tools and practices on their website.
Academics will be able to give feedback at the same time the research is actively taking place; and it will be as though scholars are directly connected to each other in the same lab or institution.
Annotation is a great way for folks at a range of institutions to provide public or private collaborative feedback. Get your free account here: https://web.hypothes.is/start/
Web annotation, for example, is catching on as a new mode of collaboration, peer review, and other research functions.
And the combination of community feedback on preprints with traditional and post-publication peer review through collaborative annotation is catching on with a variety of publishers. See InReview by BMC and ResearchSquare. Also COS preprint servers such as SocArXiv and Psyarxiv.
Create a note by selecting some text and clicking the button
This is a test of Hypothesis, a note created using the tool in public view. It's somewhat like Google Docs. Here's a link to SAE Expression College. Below is a list of things to read in this test article:
This is bold text. * Here's italicized.* Definitely not WYSIWYG as in a word processor. Could be improved.
In preview mode, my bold and italicized text don't show up correctly????
You can login to your Genius account to check your annotations and therein, you can also use the "Share" button to share an annotation via link or via Twitter or Facebook.
In spring of 2017, Genius announced a pivot back to music video. While you can still create an account, you can no longer get access to the plug in to use it on sites where it is not supported.
very difficult to track and may not involve a visible trace of usage that we can measure
Unless, for example, annotation was baked into the platforms, and offered any reader the opportunity to collaboratively discuss.
Android Apps Zandy, by Avram Lyon View and edit your Zotero library on your Android phone ZotDroid, by Benjamin Blundell View your Zotero library on your Android device Download and read attachment files
Zotero plugin to sync PDFs from your Zotero library to your (mobile) PDF reader (e.g. an iPad, Android tablet, etc.) and extract annotations to Zotero notes
I wanted to stick my 10-cent eulogy between those lines for others to read, and to read what those others had thought. Purchasing a book is one of the strongest self-selections of community, and damn it, I wanted to engage.
With Hypothesis, you could engage like this.
we are also most pleased with developments that allow online annotation for all our books via Hypothes.is.
And we are pleased to be working with you!
In my work, I have strayed far from a background that includes a MA in English Literature and teaching K-12 students written composition. I’ve focused on teaching or analyzing written communication or networked online discourse in the higher education, especially at the graduate level, for the past 16 years or so. But this work, annotating in the open not just for an individual, the teacher who grades the assignment, hits close to my heart in teaching K-CEO learners to write for an audience.
Annotations
asdfa
Any given book_ of his library /_and presumably other textual material, such as notes/ can thus be called up and consulted with far greater facility than if it were taken from a shelf
This passage in Vannevar Bush's "As We May Think" may be the first mention of what we now think of as digital annotation. The passage in the original article is slighly different... you can see it here.
Python scripts for interacting with the hypothes.is API
Leveraging Technology to Create Social Readers
Read annotations on "Leveraging Technology to Create Social Readers" in EDUCAUSE Review. Sign up or log in above to add your own annotations and replies.
The role of touch in the multi-sensory experience of reading turns out to be as important as we intuit it to be when we hold a volume or turn a page — or better yet, when we mark it up.
I've found that the way I read and my reading retention have changed since I started to regularly use digital annotation. The act of selecting what sentence to highlight, how to tag passages and articles, and what to make public has changed how I feel about reading online. I still prefer paper for pleasure reading, but for news, research, and collaborative reading, digital now works just fine for me.
explaining his editorial procedures and adding his own observations and reflections, which are so extensive that they eventually overwhelm Zampano’s text
Similar to the annotations in Foster Wallace's writing (footnotes on footnotes) and Jorinde Voigt's writing. The compulsion to annotate and explain is so strong, that it overwhelms the original text.
code for transforming Annotator JSON into Web Annotation's JSON-LD with the most minimal, unsmart means (read: doesn't understand graphs) sort of way possible.
Doing the same in digital is incredibly hard without programming skills (see the low success rate above) or expensive tools, even when the closed silos allow it.
Annotation with a standards-based open tool provides great utility in this regard, without the need for programming skills.
Between publishers' higher costs of textbooks and students' struggle with large amounts of reading materials, getting students to both access and engage more deeply with texts is a challenge.
Two challenges that #OER and #annotation together can provide infrastructure to help solve: the high cost of learning materials and engaging teachers and learners in social reading, discussion and analysis.
Issues to solve: both OER and annotation don't require digital reading, but are both made more powerful through it. Yet technology access and reading preferences don't always support to digital reading.
Solution: Explore online and offline, digital and print experiments in OER and annotation/social reading.
Ceci est une note de page. Elle peut inclure un lien vers une autre page, que celle-ci soit connectée ou non via Hypothes.is. Voyez dans l'URL le préfixe qui assure que l'on peut annoter celle-ci. Mais avec ce blogue on n'en a pas besoin car son auteur a déjà inclus un code permettant de l'annoter par défaut (à condition de s'être créée un compte hypothes.is).
Annotations can be created or retrieved through an API.
More on Hypothesis documentation and Public API here.
The W3C model allows for users to add a motivation to their annotation.
You can find out more about W3C annotation motivations here.
imagined it as enabling a much more interactive experience
Here is a sketch of how Vannevar Bush imagined the Memex.
Since 1993, when Mosaic first briefly experimented with native annotation, dozens of projects have tried without success.
Here is the user guide created for making annotations on Mosaic.
Check out our documentation for the h code base to learn about what we’ve built and how to use our public API.
Check out our Scholarly Kitchen blog post on open annotation.
Motivations
Details the wide ranging possibilities around motivation.
There are a few types of annotations that can be created with the application:
This is my first annotation
Hypothes.is: A social annotation tool.
I'm quite excited that we'll be using this tool in class. I just came across a tweet (and blog post) about annotating your syllabus, and I was curious about how it might work with students. I'm happy to be experiencing it as a student!
Open to Exploration
Internet Archaeology is trialling a new feature by Hypothes.is which enables everyone to make annotations on journal content. To get started, just select any text in any article and add your annotation for everyone to see (Annotations are public by default but highlights are private, visible only to you when you’re logged in to your Hypothes.is account). You can even share your annotations on social media,
Try this for more info https://web.hypothes.is/blog/varieties-of-hypothesis-annotations-and-their-uses/
I'm interested to see how everyone uses it!
Internet Archaeology is trialling a new feature by Hypothes.is which enables everyone to make annotations on journal content. To get started, just select any text in any article and add your annotation for everyone to see (Annotations are public by default but highlights are private, visible only to you when you’re logged in to your Hypothes.is account). You can even share your annotations on social media,
Try this for more info https://web.hypothes.is/blog/varieties-of-hypothesis-annotations-and-their-uses/
I'm interested to see how everyone uses it!
They did that to the point where there were more asterisks on the page than stars in the sky. Despite all this, the annotations did not mean anything to the students.
Keeping in mind that different people learn in different ways, there's another possible way of looking at this.
Some people learn better aurally than visually. Some remember things better by writing them down. I know a few synaesthetes who likely might learn better by using various highlighting colors. Perhaps those who highlight everything are actually helping their own brains to learn by doing this?
This said, I myself still don't understand people who are highlighting everything in their books this way. I suspect that some are just trying and imitating what they've seen before and just haven't learned to read and annotate actively.
Helping students to discover how they best learn can be a great hurdle to cross, particularly at a young age. Of course, this being said, we also need to help them exercise the other modalities and pathways to help make them more well-rounded and understanding as well.
I believe, and I try to emphasize to the students, that annotation is a deeply personal activity, my annotations may look different from yours because we think differently.
We often think differently even on different readings. Sometimes upon re-reading pieces, I'll find and annotate completely different things than I would have on the first pass. Sometimes (often with more experience and new eyes) I'll even disagree with what I'd written on prior passes.
This process reminds me a bit of the Barbell Method of Reading
Social media networks provided immediate solutions to a few problems with those early blogging networks: they relieved the moderately heavy lift in getting started and they created the possibility of connections that were immediate, dense, and growing. But as those networks expanded, they both pulled authors away from their own domains — so much quicker to tweet than to blog, and with a much speedier potential response — and they privatized and scattered conversations.
Exactly the use case that annotation is hoping to solve! Enabling the connection between different sites.
Marginalia#section5 With Webmention support, one could architect a site to allow inline marginalia and highlighting similar to Medium.com’s relatively well-known functionality. With the clever use of URL fragments, which are well supported in major browsers, there are already examples of people who use Webmentions to display word-, sentence-, or paragraph-level marginalia on their sites. After all, aren’t inline annotations just a more targeted version of comments?
Absolutely. This is what I'd love to have with Hypothesis.
From Weekend Edition on NPR. Annotations in source available here. “Robograders” are on the rise in high stakes testing, and other aspects of our classrooms. Keep in mind this is just an algorithm looking for patterns in student writing. An algorithm isn’t magic, it’s code (writing) written by people. “The idea is bananas, as far as I’m concerned,” says Kelly Henderson, an English teacher at Newton South High School just outside Boston. “An art form, a form of expression being evaluated by an algorithm is patently ridiculous.”
A verb for Open Annotate can be called "opnotate". And a noun for open annotation can be "opnotation".
annotating
commenting on specific paragraph or line.
Guide to highlight colors Yellow–general highlights and highlights which don’t fit under another category below Orange–Vocabulary word; interesting and/or rare word Green–Reference to read Blue–Interesting Quote Gray–Typography Problem Red–Example to work through
Coming full circle...
Here is my effort to be more hands-on with my annotation.
explaining his editorial procedures and adding his own observations and reflections, which are so extensive that they eventually overwhelm Zampano’s text.
Similar to the annotations in Foster Wallace's writing (footnotes on footnotes) and Jorinde Voigt's writing. The compulsion to annotate and explain is so strong, that it overwhelms the original text.
Hierarchical classification systems can be slow to change, and are rooted in the culture and era that created them; in contrast, the flexibility of tagging allows users to classify their collections of items in the ways that they find useful,
The success of Flickr and the influence of Delicious popularized the concept,[21] and other social software websites—such as YouTube, Technorati, and Last.fm—also implemented tagging
Tagging systems have sometimes been classified into two kinds: top-down and bottom-up.[3]:142[4]:24 Top-down taxonomies are created by an authorized group of designers (sometimes in the form of a controlled vocabulary), whereas bottom-up taxonomies (called folksonomies) are created by all users.
People use tags to aid classification, mark ownership, note boundaries, and indicate online identity. Tags may take the form of words, images, or other identifying marks. An analogous example of tags in the physical world is museum object tagging. People were using textual keywords to classify information and objects long before computers. Computer based search algorithms made the use of such keywords a rapid way of exploring records.
About 600,000 people visit News Genius a month, Lehman said, a figure that had grown 10 times since before President Donald Trump was inaugurated. And the number of people who annotate a post on Genius each month is now at 10,000, up 30 percent from the start of the year. “More people are using News Genius now than ever,” Lehman said. Meanwhile, overall traffic to the website and apps has grown to 62 million a month.
Soon after, Genius made a definitive push to realize Andreessen’s vision. By 2015, Genius claimed 40 million visitors to its website a month, 1 million of whom had annotated a post.
But it faced a storm of criticism last year after some writers complained the tool was being used to harass them. The annotator also raised concerns that it could have been used to inject malicious code onto visitors’ computers, though it’s since been tweaked to address that vulnerability.
In January of that year, the company began testing a tool called the web annotator, which allowed anyone to add genius.it/ before any URL and then highlight and annotate text.
“The change we made in January was in recognition of the fact that we needed to shift resources from capturing knowledge — which we've been doing almost exclusively for the past five years — toward packaging and distributing knowledge into easy-to-consume formats like video and Spotify Behind the Lyrics,” Lehman told The Verge.
The combination of human expertise and automated analysis can exist in multiple overlays. Climate scientists, economists, political analysts, and automated fact checkers might converge on a single sentence in a story on climate change. Nothing depends on any domain-specific vocabulary or schema. Annotation is simply the connective tissue that makes statements in web pages addressable, and binds those addresses to conversations, supporting documents, source data, or truth claims that bear on annotated statements.
The annotated web embodies that pattern. Systems that embrace it will tend to work well with one another. Their outputs will be available to mine, crosslink, and remix, and those activities will drive collective improvement.
The web we know is an information fabric woven of linked resources. By increasing the thread count of that fabric, the annotated web enables a new class of application for which selections in documents are first-class resources.
The Web is distributed, with different systems working together to provide access to content. Annotations can be used to link those resources together, being referenced as the Body and Target
Comments about shared photos or videos, reviews of products, or even social network mentions of web resources could all be considered as annotations. In addition, there are a plethora of "sticky note" systems and stand-alone multimedia annotation systems. This specification describes a common approach to expressing these annotations, and more
[MN Thanks, Frank! You have a knack for being ahead of the curve :-)]
I like the way that MN does inline annotations within his comments section. I don't often see this, but it's relatively well done, and certainly manually at that.
Sally Lehrman, senior director of the journalism ethics program at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, leads its signature Trust Project, a complex international collaboration that she began building in 2015 to strengthen public confidence in the news through accountability and transparency.
Check out this shout out from the American Press Institute.
We’re now in a transformative stage as new tools such as ‘commenting’ emerge that can support a collective reading experience. These innovations allow readers to ‘engage’ with content in new ways.
Or better yet--in-line annotating! Open interoperable standards-based annotation, of course.
Most scholars of hypertext of the time pointed to Vannevar Bush's 1945 article "As We May Think" as an important precursor to the Web and as providing important guidance for necessary development. Bush's model of hypertext was much richer than that of the early Web. Among other things, he envisioned people who would put together articles (or "trails") by finding a sequence of useful pages in different sources, annotating those pages, inserting a few pages of their own, and linking it all together. While the Web had "live links", those links were limited to the original authors of the text, so The Web provided essentially none of the features necessary for Bush's more collaborative model.
Great summary.