53:36 A community can set up a CONTRIBUTION which everyone agrees to pay in the currency issued by the community issuer 53:48 Therefore a Debt Free Currency System really means a COMMUNITY TRIBUTE money system where the debt is a contribution to the community, payable in the currency of the issuer 55:45 A community can set up its own CENTRAL BANK that sets the interest rate at zero for the money in the community

in connecting theory to practice, the authors advance understanding toward the goals and roles of using computers in creative work.

the authors outline questions related to the assumptions in various ways of understanding knowledge; in questioning these assumptions, the authors start a conversation about the trade-offs and politics in creative computing research.

for - stats - earth system boundary - biodiversity - human modified ecosystems -absolute minimum of 10% - below this, many of Nature's contribution to people would no longer be provided

for - stats - earth system boundary - biodiversity - human modified ecosystems - 6 critical Nature's Contribution to People at local scales

stats - earth system boundary - biodiversity - human modified ecosystems - 6 critical Nature's Contribution to People at local scales - pollination pest and disease control - water-quality regulation - soil protection - natural hazards mitigation - recreation

for - definition - NCP - nature's contribution to people

for - definition - Nature's Contribution to People - 18 categories

definition - Nature's Contribution to People - 18 categories

• Regulating Contributions -These are the services provided by nature that regulate environmental conditions.

  • Climate regulation
  • Air and water purification
  • Flood and disaster regulation
  • Disease regulation
  • Pollination
  • Pest and disease control

• Material Contributions - These are the tangible products obtained from nature.

  • Food and fiber
  • Freshwater
  • Genetic resources
  • Wood, fuel, and other materials
  • Medicines
  • Energy

• Non-material Contributions - These are the intangible benefits derived from nature.

  • Cultural identity and spiritual inspiration
  • Recreation and ecotourism
  • Aesthetic experiences
  • Knowledge and education
  • Sense of place and belonging
  • Mental and physical health

Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:00][^1^][1] - [00:09:31][^2^][2] :

Cette vidéo présente le programme de sciences participatives Vigie-Nature École, qui propose aux enseignants et aux élèves de collecter des données sur la biodiversité ordinaire autour de leur établissement scolaire. Ces données sont ensuite analysées par des chercheurs du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle pour étudier l'impact des changements globaux sur la biodiversité.

Points clés : + [00:00:13][^3^][3] Les sciences participatives * Impliquent le public dans la résolution d'un problème scientifique * Peuvent avoir différents niveaux de participation * Construisent de la connaissance scientifique + [00:01:12][^4^][4] Vigie-Nature École * Est un programme porté par le Muséum national d'histoire naturelle * Aide les chercheurs à collecter des données sur la biodiversité ordinaire * Propose neuf protocoles simples et adaptés au contexte scolaire + [00:03:35][^5^][5] Comment participer * Se connecter sur le site de Vigie-Nature École * Choisir le ou les protocoles qui correspondent à ses séquences * Télécharger le livret de participation et les outils de détermination * S'inscrire sur le site et créer une ou plusieurs classes * Décrire l'environnement de son établissement scolaire * Transmettre ses données sur le site + [00:06:39][^6^][6] Que faire en extérieur * Réaliser les protocoles dans la cour de l'établissement scolaire * Sensibiliser les élèves à la biodiversité ordinaire * Réfléchir à des actions pour améliorer la biodiversité * Comparer des milieux différents et l'impact humain sur la biodiversité

for - Paris Agreement - U.S. commitments - contribution from IInflation Reduction Act

Paris Agreement - U.S. commitment - contribution from Inflation Reduction Act - U.S. committed to 60% emissions reduction by 2030 - If Inflation Reduction Act is fully implemented without GOP-stacked court blocking it - it achieves 40% - Biden 2024 win is necessary, but not sufficient - Trump 2024 win will be a step in the wrong direction

Motivation and Contribution：

Motivation： * 什么样的visual Instruction是一个好的Instruction。基于这个问题，复杂的指令推理任务，对于提升MLLM的性能更加有效。

Contribution： * 基于这些发现，作者设计了一个系统的方法，来自动的创作高质量的复杂的推理指令集。作者采用了一种生成，复杂化，重构的范式，充分利用多个阶段来猪骨增加指令的复杂度，同时保持质量。 * 基于这些方法，作者创建了一个生成的视觉推理指令数据集，包含32k的示例，命名为ComVint。然后在四个MLLMs模型上微调。实验结果显示，可以明显的提升现有模型的性能。

Some experiments which involve conscious perception of external stimuli with reports/tasks have shown activation of prefrontal areas, but this activation may have been related to the reports/tasks rather than the conscious experiences (not indicative of content-specific NCC). Other experiments which involve conscious perception of external stimuli without reports/tasks showed more posterior activation than anterior activation (indicative of content-specific NCC).

Within-state paradigms comparing conscious individuals to unconscious or minimally conscious individuals have revealed posterior area activity to show the most difference between consciousness and unconsciousness or minimal consciousness (there is a "posterior hot zone" which may be indicative of the NCC).

Compared with case studies (lesions) and electrical stimulation studies, neuroimaging studies are less accurate in determining the exact brain regions that contribute to consciousness. Neuroimaging often covers multiple brain areas, some of which may not be directly involved in modulating content-specific NCC.

bottom-horizontal fMRI images of someone wo experienced anoxic lesions to their posterior corpus callosum, resulting in permanent coma following head trauma.

Sagittal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (feeling of intention to move) following electrical stimulation of the temporoparietal cortex.

Mid-sagittal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (intrusive thoughts) following electrical stimulation of the ACC.

Bottom-horizontal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (inability to perceive faces) following electrical stimulation of the fusiform gyrus.

Many studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the posterior cortex induces discrete changes in the content-specific NCC more reliably than electrical stimulation of the anterior cortex. Hence, most evidence suggests that posterior regions of the brain contribute more to the content-specific NCC than do anterior regions of the brain.

For the most part, electrical and TMS stimulation of the frontal cortex does not elicit content-specific changes in experience. Stimulation of the ACC and MCC (posterior areas), however, does elicit some content-specific changes in experience, suggesting that posterior area stimulation is more likely to excite content-specific NCC than frontal area stimulation.

Several studies have shown that electrical stimulation and EEG activation of posterior cortical areas is effective at restoring consciousness in subjects where it is impaired, demonstrating that the excitability of the full NCC can be modulated through arousal systems.

A technique that detects how water travels along the white matter tracts in the brain.

anatomical images depicting clinical evidence for the full (A, B, C) and content-specific (D, E, F) NCC.

Patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry.

mid-sagittal fMRI image of someone who experienced anoxic lesions to their posterior corpus callosum, resulting in permanent VS following head trauma.

traumatic lesions to the posterior corpus callosum appear to permanently cause states of VS (coma, or impeded consciousness), whereas traumatic lesions to the frontal lobe do not seem to do this.

Behavioral state similar to coma.

Bilateral view of the left and right frontal lobes of someone who experienced extensive prefrontal lobe damage without a noticeable change in consciousness, with certain anatomical regions labeled (top). Lateral view of the left and right hemispheres of that same individual, with certain anatomical regions labeled (bottom).

There are many examples of people who have experienced bilateral lesions to the frontal lobe and still retained most, if not all aspects of consciousness. These instances lend credence to the idea that the anterior cortex may not account for the full NCC. Even when such damage causes deficits in cognition, perception, or executive function, consciousness does not appear to be significantly altered and effected individuals still seem capable of living normal lives.

To add some other intermediary services:

• ko-fi (site for contribution)
• GitHub sponsors (for GitPages)
• itch.io (for games)
• Gumroad (for sites and repositories)
• Patreon (for fan interaction)

To add a service for groups:

• Open Collective

To add a service that enables fans to support the creators directly and anonymously via microdonations or small donations by pre-charging their Coil account to spend on content streaming or tipping the creators' wallets via a layer containing JS script following the Interledger Protocol proposed to W3C:

• Web Monetization

If you want to know more, head to Web Monetization or Community or Explainer

Disclaimer: I am a recipient of a grant from the Interledger Foundation, so there would be a Conflict of Interest if I edited directly. Plus, sharing on Hypothesis allows other users to chime in.

Daniël Lakens. (2020, October 28). This piece makes a great point about how we can try to make commentaries more useful for science—Turning them from ‘pointless quibbles’ into pieces where both parties actually commit to working out their disagreements. Https://t.co/fBKStzg7ib [Tweet]. @lakens. https://twitter.com/lakens/status/1321345954264633345

https://www.vaultofculture.com/vault/nst/2022/01/20/cleevescoldearth

😁

Adjustments made in virtue of this new research.

Network architecture in detail, generative model: StyleGAN2 -> question, are there possible alternatives to using StyleGAN2?

Contributions, but then elaborated more

Details on what specific attributes are visualized -> does so by generating counterfactual examples.

Main contribution of the paper.

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Great idea! Doesn't seem to exist yet, but it should also take in account the quality of each contribution (a few high-quality contributions can be more important than many low-quality contributions).

Should contributions to a product really be quantitatively captured? Wouldn't that lead to the same dead-end as with citation in scientific publication?

Transitive credit's 3rd element: transitive nature

Transitive credit's 1st element: credit (called "contriponent" - combination of contributors and components)

Transitive credit's 2nd element: weight

It is important to collaborate with other people so that we can get a better understanding of other opinions and views. We can share knowledge base by collaborating and we can even develop an even better understanding of ideas just by explaining our views to other people.

type of contributions