- Aug 2024
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www.semanticscholar.org www.semanticscholar.org
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Real world results.
sim obj nav = 85 (detic) real obj_nav = 83.3 (detic)
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00 houseswith 1000 episodes each, and 10k houses with 10 episodeseach.
10k houses with 10 episodes > 100 houses with 1k episodes
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Effect of context window
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Comparing different image encoders
SigLIP (vit-b) > DinoV2 (vit-s) > CLIP (resnet 50)
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Swapping transformer encoder and decoder with alternative architectures.
table 4: * transformer > gru
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Training on single tasks, IL outperforms RL even with meticulous reward shaping.
table 3: * SPOC > EmbSigLIP (rl) * SPOC single = multitask * SPOC detector > without detector
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our IL-trained SPOC dramatically outperforms thepopular RL-trained EmbCLIP architecture
SPOC outperforms EmbCLIP
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SPOC withground truth detection (provided by the simulator) shows15% absolute average success rate gain across all taskson CHORES-S and an even larger 24.5% absolute gain onCHORES-L where the detection problem is harder due tothe larger object vocabulary.
comparing SPOC with detector and without
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Whentrained jointly on four tasks – Object-Goal Navigation(OBJNAV), Room Visitation (ROOMVISIT), PickUp Object(PICKUP), and Fetch Object (FETCH) – SPOC achieves animpressive average success rate of 49.9% in unseen sim-ulation environments at test time.
succes rate at simulation - 50 %
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success rate of 85% for OBJNAV.
success rate
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- Jul 2024
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www.mdpi.com www.mdpi.com
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If warming reaches or exceeds 2 °C this century, mainly richer humans will be responsible for killing roughly 1 billion mainly poorer humans through anthropogenic global warming, which is comparable with involuntary or negligent manslaughter.
for - quote - exceeding 2 Deg C may result in a billion deaths - Joshua Pearce
quote - exceeding 2 Deg C may result in a billion deaths - Joshua Pearce - (see below) - If warming reaches or exceeds 2 °C this century, - mainly richer humans will be responsible for killing roughly 1 billion mainly poorer humans - through anthropogenic global warming, - which is comparable with involuntary or negligent manslaughter.
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- Sep 2023
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
- Aug 2022
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www.ft.com www.ft.com
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Barnes, O., & Payne, S. (2021, October 15). Covid testing suspended at private UK lab over potentially inaccurate results. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/bee7bdde-e37b-4411-afd5-1e8ceacfa5f8
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www.tagesschau.de www.tagesschau.de
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Lenhardt, S. (2021, November 30). Labore am Limit: Bei PCR-Tests kommt es zu Engpässen. tagesschau.de. https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/labore-corona-pcr-test-101.html
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www.opendemocracy.net www.opendemocracy.net
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Beecher, J. (2021, October 30). I raised an early alarm on PCR test scandal but authorities ignored me. OpenDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/ournhs/i-raised-an-early-alarm-on-pcr-test-scandal-but-authorities-ignored-me/
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Dean, N. E. (2021, September 21). Hmm okay. J&J two dose results are a bit more complicated, with different results globally versus within the US. https://t.co/prFUorU8LE [Tweet]. @nataliexdean. https://twitter.com/nataliexdean/status/1440318770665324560
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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It sounds like the OP's needs have been met, but for future explorers, here's some tools to tell if something is clickable.
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- Apr 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2021, November 26). RT @timcolbourn: @kallmemeg so no cases of B.1.1.529 cases in UK as of Mon 22nd Nov? Do you know when the S-gene drop out PCR results for… [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464320681315905542
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Adam Kucharski [@adamjkucharski]. (2021, September 8). Some tips on interpreting models (from an @SMC_London talk I gave a few months ago): Https://t.co/3NlRN6q6gb [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/adamjkucharski/status/1435650792082575360
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- Mar 2022
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askubuntu.com askubuntu.com
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Not what you asked, but as this question is linked to from a few places I hope someone finds this answer useful.
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- Feb 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Anthony J Leonardi, PhD, MS. (2022, January 22). Wow. This is concerning. H/t @ForesightWisdom it is learning to become more chronic. Https://t.co/XwFR4D0kiy [Tweet]. @fitterhappierAJ. https://twitter.com/fitterhappierAJ/status/1484996537889476610
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Indeed, the Jose-phinian card index owes its continued use to the failure to achieve a bound
catalog, until a successor card catalog comes along in 1848. Only the<br /> absence of a bound repertory allows the paper slip aggregate to answer all inquiries about a book ’ s whereabouts after 1781. Thus, a failed undertaking tacitly turns into a success story.
The Josephinian card index was created, in part on the ideas of Konrad Gessner's slip method, by accumulating slips which could be rearranged and then copied down permanently. While there was the chance that the original cards could be disordered, the fact that the approximately 300,000 cards in 205 small boxes were estimated to fill 50 to 60 folio volumes with time and expense to print it dissuaded the creation of a long desired compiled book of books. These problems along with the fact that new books being added later was sure to only compound problems of having a single reference. This failure to have a bound catalog of books unwittingly resulted in the success of the index card catalog.
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- Jan 2022
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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Yonker, L. M., Boucau, J., Regan, J., Choudhary, M. C., Burns, M. D., Young, N., Farkas, E. J., Davis, J. P., Moschovis, P. P., Bernard Kinane, T., Fasano, A., Neilan, A. M., Li, J. Z., & Barczak, A. K. (2021). Virologic Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(11), 1821–1829. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab509
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The Business Strategy stems from a detailed strategic planning process. However, the question we want to answer in this article is whether we can execute multiple strategies side by side while they do not interfere with each other. We compare multiple strategies for business, information provision and IT and focus on Strategic planning.
Business strategy alignment and the secrets of strategic planning https://en.itpedia.nl/2022/01/02/business-strategie-alignment-en-de-geheimen-van-strategische-planning/ The Business Strategy stems from a detailed strategic planning process. However, the question we want to answer in this article is whether we can execute multiple strategies side by side while they do not interfere with each other. We compare multiple strategies for business, information provision and IT and focus on Strategic planning.
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- Dec 2021
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luhmann.surge.sh luhmann.surge.sh
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The possibility of arbitrary internal branching.
Modern digital zettelkasten don't force the same sort of digital internal branching process that is described by Niklas Luhmann. Internal branching in these contexts is wholly reliant on the user to create it.
Many digital systems will create a concrete identifier to fix the idea within the system, but this runs the risk of ending up with a useless scrap heap.
Some modern systems provide the ability for one to add taxonomies like subject headings in a commonplace book tradition, which adds some level of linking. But if we take the fact that well interlinked cards are the most valuable in such a system then creating several links upfront may be a bit more work, but it provides more value in the long run.
Upfront links also don't require quite as much work at the card's initial creation as the creator already has the broader context of the idea. Creating links at a future date requires the reloading into their working memory of the card's idea and broader context.
Of course there may also be side benefits (including to memory) brought by the spaced repetition of the card's ideas as well as potential new contexts gained in the interim which may help add previously unconsidered links.
It can certainly be possible that at some level of linking, there is a law of diminishing returns the decreases the value of a card and its idea.
One of the benefits of physical card systems like Luhmann's is that the user is forced to add the card somewhere, thus making the first link of the idea into the system. Luhmann's system in particular creates a parent/sibling relation to other cards or starts a brand new branch.
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The fixed filing place needs no system. It is sufficient that we give every slip a number which is easily seen (in or case on the left of the first line) and that we never change this number and thus the fixed place of the slip. This decision about structure is that reduction of the complexity of possible arrangements, which makes possible the creation of high complexity in the card file and thus makes possible its ability to communicate in the first place.
There's an interesting analogy between Niklas Luhmann's zettelkasten numbering system and the early street address system in Vienna. Just as people (often) have a fixed address, they're able to leave it temporarily and mix with other people before going back home every night. The same is true with his index cards. Without the ability to remove cards and remix them in various orders, the system has far less complexity and simultaneously far less value.
Link to reference of street addressing systems of Vienna quoted by Markus Krajewski in (chapter 3 of) Paper Machines.
Both the stability and the occasional complexity of the system give it tremendous value.
How is this linked to the idea that some of the most interesting things within systems happen at the edges of the system which have the most complexity? Cards that sit idly have less value for their stability while cards at the edges that move around the most and interact with other cards and ideas provide the most value.
Graph this out on a multi-axis drawing. Is the relationship linear, non-linear, exponential? What is the relationship of this movement to the links between cards? Is it essentially the same (particularly in digital settings) as movement?
Are links (and the active creation thereof) between cards the equivalent of communication?
Tags
- zettelkasten
- arbitrary internal branching
- never step in the same river twice
- value creation at the edges as the result of complexity
- creativity
- Heraclitus
- communication
- law of diminishing returns
- complexity
- fixed addresses
- value creation
- links
- ideas have sex
- spaced repetition
- forced linking
Annotators
URL
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github.com github.com
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Tip for those who run into the same error message and find this bug report by Google: Your cause for this error message might be a different cause entirely. To find your cause, set a breakpoint, and look at the call stack.
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- Jul 2021
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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that's why I bolded "same column" with the or query. I can delete the comment altogether, but thought it would be helpful for people perusing "or" query SO questions.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Prof Nichola Raihani on Twitter: “Submitted a paper reporting null results to a mid tier journal. Guess how it went. I literally don’t care at this point but I do feel bad for the first author (who I won’t name here). Https://t.co/sX5lTcEl29” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2021, from https://twitter.com/nicholaraihani/status/1415308025179656194
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- Jun 2021
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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WHO voices concerns over Sputnik V Covid vaccine plant. (2021, June 23). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/jun/23/who-voices-concerns-over-sputnik-v-covid-vaccine-plant
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- May 2021
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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García-Fiñana, M., & Buchan, I. E. (2021). Rapid antigen testing in COVID-19 responses. Science, 372(6542), 571–572. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6680
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covid19vaccine.health.ny.gov covid19vaccine.health.ny.gov
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Excelsior Pass. (n.d.). COVID-19 Vaccine. Retrieved 12 May 2021, from https://covid19vaccine.health.ny.gov/excelsior-pass
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twitter.com twitter.com
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David Benkeser. (2020, November 9). Another view on uncertainty associated based on Pfizer’s results. Even if you were highly skeptical about MRNA vaccines (many are [were?]) with 50% prior belief that VE ~ 0, based on an 8:86 vax:placebo case split, the posterior probability that VE > 75% is ~ 1. Https://t.co/xtBONtGHmT [Tweet]. @biosbenk. https://twitter.com/biosbenk/status/1325856366225993729
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www.gkogan.co www.gkogan.co
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The plain, unstyled emails resulted in more opens, clicks, replies, and conversions, every time.
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- Mar 2021
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via4.hypothes.is via4.hypothes.is
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Genetic analysis confirmed the clonal origin of the SCNTmonkey offspring
was able to prove that the somatic cell nuclear transfer was successful in the monkey offspring
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ythakker.medium.com ythakker.medium.com
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The slightly more dangerous scenario where the market has a winner-take-all effect, where one firm or organization ends up controlling over 70% of the market.
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- Feb 2021
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github.com github.com
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Make your functions return something meaningful, typed, and safe!
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trailblazer.to trailblazer.to
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Using a terminus to indicate a certain outcome - in turn - allows for much stronger interfaces across nested activities and less guessing! For example, in the new endpoint gem, the not_found terminus is then wired to a special “404 track” that handles the case of “model not found”. The beautiful thing here is: there is no guessing by inspecting ctx[:model] or the like - the not_found end has only one meaning!
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A major improvement here is the ability to maintain more than two explicit termini. In 2.0, you had the success and the failure termini (or “ends” as we used to call them). Now, additional ends such as not_found can be leveraged to communicate a non-binary outcome of your activity or operation.
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It’s so simple that I sometimes wonder why it took years to develop it!
Tags
- non-binary
- Trailblazer
- state charts
- advantages/merits/pros
- interfaces (programming)
- programming: return values / result objects that communicate a more precise/complete representation of the outcome
- very simple/small result/change in the end but took a lot of work/time to arrive there
- improvement
- unambiguous
- strong (extreme/great/high/intense degree/level/concentration/amount/quality of)
Annotators
URL
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crystalprisonzone.blogspot.com crystalprisonzone.blogspot.com
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Joe. (2021, January 26). Crystal Prison Zone: I tried to report scientific misconduct. How did it go? Crystal Prison Zone. http://crystalprisonzone.blogspot.com/2021/01/i-tried-to-report-scientific-misconduct.html
Tags
- unreliable
- correction
- non-signficant
- value
- outcome
- science
- self-correction
- forge
- data
- statistic
- result
- false
- table
- misconduct
- is:blog
- scientific
- lang:en
- test
- significant
Annotators
URL
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Excel: Why using Microsoft’s tool caused Covid-19 results to be lost. (2020, October 5). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54423988
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www.nihr.ac.uk www.nihr.ac.uk
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Novavax COVID-19 vaccine 89.3% effective. (n.d.). Retrieved 1 February 2021, from https://www.nihr.ac.uk/news/novavax-covid-19-vaccine-893-effective/26720
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- Jan 2021
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www.news-medical.net www.news-medical.net
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Analysis supports phase 3 trials of Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine. (2021, January 17). News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20210117/Analysis-supports-phase-3-trials-of-Johnson-Johnsons-COVID-19-vaccine.aspx
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www.nejm.org www.nejm.org
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Sadoff, J., Le Gars, M., Shukarev, G., Heerwegh, D., Truyers, C., de Groot, A. M., Stoop, J., Tete, S., Van Damme, W., Leroux-Roels, I., Berghmans, P.-J., Kimmel, M., Van Damme, P., de Hoon, J., Smith, W., Stephenson, K. E., De Rosa, S. C., Cohen, K. W., McElrath, M. J., … Schuitemaker, H. (2021). Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034201
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phastar.com phastar.com
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US pharmacist who tried to ruin Covid vaccine doses is a conspiracy theorist, police say. (2021, January 5). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/jan/04/wisconsin-pharmacist-covid-19-vaccine-doses-steven-brandenburg
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Zhang, S. (2020, December 1). The Long Haul of Vaccine Results Is Just Beginning. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/12/vaccine-trials-can-still-surprise-us/617247/
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- Oct 2020
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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David Spiegelhalter and False Positives. (2020, October 14). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmiEzi54lBI&feature=youtu.be
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- Sep 2020
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Daniël Lakens on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 23, 2020, from https://twitter.com/lakens/status/1308115862247952386
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- Jul 2020
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Nam, R. (2020, July 14). Long waits for test results spark new COVID-19 fears [Text]. TheHill. https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/507363-long-waits-for-test-results-spark-new-covid-19-fears
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www.newscientist.com www.newscientist.com
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Liverpool, C. W., Jessica Hamzelou, Adam Vaughan, Conrad Quilty-Harper and Layal. (n.d.). Covid-19 news: App identified Leicester as a virus hotspot weeks ago. New Scientist. Retrieved July 3, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2237475-covid-19-news-app-identified-leicester-as-a-virus-hotspot-weeks-ago/
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- Jun 2020
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Nguyen, T. (2020). Report on People’s Mental Health Survey During Covid19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5e9kf
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www.unisante.ch www.unisante.ch
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COVID-19: 7% des vaudois·es infecté·e·s. (n.d.). Unisanté. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.unisante.ch/fr/unisante/actualites/covid-19-7-vaudoises-infectees
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Department of Error. (2020). The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31249-6
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- May 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Lewis, N. A., Bravo, M., Naiman, S., Pearson, A. R., Romero-Canyas, R., Schuldt, J., & Song, H. (2020). Using Qualitative Approaches to Improve Quantitative Inferences in Environmental Psychology [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/eqyjp
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Roland, L. T., Gurrola, J. G., Loftus, P. A., Cheung, S. W., & Chang, J. L. (2020). Smell and taste symptom‐based predictive model for COVID‐19 diagnosis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, alr.22602. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22602
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www.replicationmarkets.com www.replicationmarkets.com
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Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. (n.d.). Retrieved May 7, 2020, from https://www.replicationmarkets.com/
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www.tandfonline.com www.tandfonline.com
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Kotcher, J. E., Myers, T. A., Vraga, E. K., Stenhouse, N., & Maibach, E. W. (2017). Does Engagement in Advocacy Hurt the Credibility of Scientists? Results from a Randomized National Survey Experiment. Environmental Communication, 11(3), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2016.1275736
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- Apr 2020
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r/BehSciAsk—Is uncertainty worse than either test result? (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/ft16ii/is_uncertainty_worse_than_either_test_result/
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accessmedicine.mhmedical.com accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
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Bacteria will then begin to exhibit phenotypic and genotypic plurality: the former allows bacteria to adapt to different growth conditions such as nutrient availability, pH, and oxidizing potential within the biofilm, while the latter allows for virulence and bacterial resistance to drugs.
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- Mar 2020
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www.cmswire.com www.cmswire.com
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That outcome, in fact, is why the General Data Protection Regulation has been introduced. GDPR is being billed by the EU as the biggest shake-up of data privacy regulations since the birth of the web, saying it sets new standards in the wake of the recent Facebook data harvesting scandal.
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- Oct 2018
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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mpulsive agresive behavior may have a different neurophysiological corelates and therefore from the clinical and forensic point of view represent a totally different category from non-impulsive aggressive behavior.
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significantly higher occurrence of specific and non-specific EEG changes in offenders of violent criminal activity evaluated as impulsive, non-deliberate, affectively motivated and affectively aggressive
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neither specific nor non specific EEG findings as predictors of criminal behavior in general
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significant EEG abnormalities only in the group of impulsive criminals
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mpulsive aggressive offenders shows the most significant difference in EEG abnormalities in comparison to healthy control
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the most significant difference is found in total count of EEG abnormalities and alpha abnormalities.
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Different statistical significance in delta or theta abnormality was not found even between groups of impulsive criminals and control group
maybe delta & theta waves do not influence the aggressiveness/whatever drives them to commit crimes?
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Total count of abnormalities was found as the most significant differentiating parameter among studied group
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70% of subjects show an EEG abnormality and multiple abnormalities were found in 35%. Non-impulsive delinquents still show higher rate of EEG abnormalities incidence - 30% and multiple abnormalities in 5%. Other groups – thefts and control group show no significant EEG changes.
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jnnp.bmj.com jnnp.bmj.com
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The actual frequency of violent behav-iour, however, seems relatively low
more likely to express aggression due to mental capacities but violence is not likely -- why? perhaps influenced by other factors (upbringing?)
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focal orbitofron-tal injury specifically impairs capacities forsocial judgment, risk avoidance, and empathythat inhibit inappropriate or reflexive aggres-sion
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Retrospective data strongly support alink between the disinhibited type of frontalnetwork syndrome and aggressive dyscontrol
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d poverty.4Studies of subjects with acquired frontal lobeinjury support the expected association ofincreased aggression with focal orbitofrontal,or ventromedial frontal injury
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Subjects with both traumatic and neurodegen-erative disorders primarily involving the pre-frontal cortex display increased rates of aggres-sive and antisocial behaviour compared withsubjects who have no, or non-frontal braininjury. Studies employing neuropsychologicaltesting, neurological examination, EEG, andneuroimaging have also tended to find evi-dence for increased rates of prefrontal networkdysfunction among aggressive and antisocialsubjects. Prefrontal network dysfunction seemsto be most specifically associated with a recur-rent, impulsive subtype of aggression that maycontribute to some violent behaviour.
summary of results
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The reportedreductions in prefrontal size or activity may,therefore, represent a predisposition to aVec-tive states relevant to aggressive behaviour,without necessarily signifying an incapacity toavoid actual violent acts.
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a strong associationbetween increased aggression and reducedprefrontal cortical size or activity
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patients with personality disorders(chiefly antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic)showed decreased anterior medial and leftanterior orbitofrontal metabolism, which cor-related with increased scores on a self reportedaggression scale
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patientswith aggressive dementia with the same degreeof cognitive and psychiatric impairments hadsignificant left anterior temporal and bilateralsuperior frontal hypoperfusion, but no signifi-cant diVerences in orbitofrontal regions
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antisocial personality disordershowed significant diVerences on three meas-ures: more violent crimes, more psychopathic
"...traits, and reduced overall prefrontal grey matter volume."
do the subjects only have antisocial personality disorder, or are there other factors that could contribute to these three? do they control for only ASPD?
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alcoholic subjects with an antisocialpersonality disorder had significantly greaterfrontal hypoperfusion than other alcoholicsubjects
linking ASPD to hypoperfusion/brain injury
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clinical signs offrontal lobe dysfunction are prevalent in popu-lations of persons prone to violent and antiso-cial behaviour
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Persistently violent patients, however, hadsignificantly more frontal lobe impairmentthan transiently violent patients and theirbehaviour seemed less responsive to environ-mental factors.
different types of violence can be connected to different levels of frontal lobe damage/impairment?
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abnormal frontal EEG activ-ity, as well as diminished frontal event relatedpotentials, correlating with antisocial personal-ity disorder or histories of aggression
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In populations with prior risk of antisocialbehaviour or aggression, the presence ofexecutive function deficits may have value inassessing the future likelihood of aggression
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A prospective study found that low scores onexecutive function tests significantly predictedself reported aggression in 10 to 12 year oldboys with paternal histories of substancemisuse
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subjects with lesions limited to thefrontal lobes tended to show more aggressiveand violent behaviours compared with patientswith non-frontal head injury and controlswithout head injury.
frontal lobe injury can cause impaired judgement, impulse control, and problem-solving
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cohorts of warveterans with head injury have also tended tofind an association between frontal lobe lesionsand aggressive or antisocial behaviou
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Case reports have described a similarsyndrome of “acquired sociopathy” in personswho had ventromedial prefrontal injury inadulthood.14–
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al-though the prevalence of actual violent crimeseems small
although they exhibit aggressive behaviour, it is not likely they would commit another crime due to their injury or change in behaviour (could be related to their war background?)
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Thegroupsthatseemedtodothebestinourstudywereuniversitystudentsand the police recruits, all of whom were currently enrolled in a universitydiploma program
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these findings not support the role of investigative experienceas the key to effective profiling
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the chemistry students equaled or outperformed allpolice groups on all but the cognitive responses measure of accuracy.
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performance was inversely related to experience
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Homicide detectives answered significantly fewer questions correctlyabout social history and habits of the offender than did the police recruits
UNEXPECTED
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- Sep 2017
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Our results provide physiological and behavioral evidence that sensitivity to pleasant touch emerges early in development and therefore plays an important role in regulating human social interactions.
result
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- Aug 2016
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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The omnibus test statistic, Pillai’s Trace, indicated the presence of a significant group difference among the log lobe volumes (F = 2.886, df = 4,37; p = 0.040).
ID: 001 Value: log lobe vol Variable: diagnosis ModelID: Pillai's Trace F: 2.886 DF: 4, 37 P: 0.040
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Cerebellar white matter was significantly larger in the ALI group (28.2 cc) than in the SLI group (25.1 cc), F(3,38) = 3.0, p = 0.04, contrast t(38) = 2.96, p < 0.005.
ID: 002 Variable: cerebellar WM vol Group: ALI Cerebellar WM Vol: 28.2 Units: cc
ID: 003 Variable: cerebellar WM vol Group: SLI Cerebellar WM Vol: 25.1 Units: cc
ID: 004 Variable: cerebellar WM vol, diagnosis Group: ALI, SLI F: 3.0 DF: 3, 38 P: 0.04 ContrastDF: 38 ContrastT: 2.96 ContrastP: <0.005
*Break into test of all groups, then contrast is ALI SLI
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Whole cerebellum and cerebellar cortex volumes did not differ among the four subject groups
ID: 001 Variable: whole cerebellum volume, cerebellar cortex volume, diagnosis Interpretation: Whole cerebellum volume and cerebellar cortex volume did not vary across diagnostic groups NC, ALN, ALI, SLI
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- Jul 2016
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Cortical analyses vertexwise across the surface were performed with general linear models to investigate relations of birth weight to regional cortical area and thickness, controlling for variation in age, sex, household income, and GAF as well as scanner used. When a commonly used approach to correct for multiple comparisons was used [false discovery rate (FDR) < 5%], minute effects of birth weight were observed on cortical thickness. However, significant positive relationships between birth weight and area were observed across large parts of the cortical surface (Fig. 1). On the medial surface of the brain, effects were seen bilaterally in the rostral anterior cingulate, retrosplenial, paracentral, precuneus, superior frontal and medial orbitofrontal cortices, parahippocampal, and fusiform gyri. On the lateral brain surface, bilateral effects extended from parsorbitalis to cover parts of lateral orbitofrontal cortices, and there were also effects in the rostral middle frontal, inferior parietal, and superior and middle temporal cortices as well as in the pre- and postcentral gyri. A few somewhat more scattered unilateral effects were also seen. Medially, effects extended into the caudal anterior cingulate in the left but not right hemisphere, whereas superior and orbitofrontal effects were more pronounced in the right than left hemisphere. Lateral effects were also more pronounced in the left orbitofrontal cortex, but otherwise, lateral effects also seemed slightly more extensive in the right hemisphere, covering somewhat larger temporal and parietal areas. Because the use of FDR for correction for multiple comparisons may influence the detection of specific effect sites, the full range of effects uncorrected at P < 0.05 is also shown in Fig. S1. Uncorrected, effects were somewhat more extensive, but the general pattern described was similar. A scatter plot of the relationship between birth weight and anterior cingulate area (partial β = 0.19, P < 0.0001) is shown in Fig. 2A. It appears from the plot that the low birth weight cases were not disproportionately influencing the relationship and that the relationship between cortical area and birth weight was also monotonous. The relationship between birth weight and anterior cingulate area remained virtually identical when excluding the low birth weight (1,500–2,499 g) cases (partial β = 0.18, P < 0.0001).
Vague result info- currently beyond scope
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There were no significant effects of birth weight on Flanker performance
ID: 019 Variable: incongruent condition Flanker performance, birth weight Interpretation: no relationship found
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Birth weight was positively related to total anterior cingulate area in this subsample (partial β = 0.14, P < 0.001, df = 20, 502).
ID: 018 Variable: birth weight, total anterior cingulate area PartialBeta: 0.14 P: <0.001 DF: 20, 502
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no relationship was observed in the congruent condition
ID: 017 Variable: incongruent condition Flanker performance, total anterior cingulate area Interpretation: no relationship found
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alid Flanker data were available for 522 participants, and we used reaction time in the incongruent condition, related to cognitive control, as the measure of interest. With GAF, MR site, sex, socioeconomic status, and age as covariates, better Flanker performance was significantly related to larger total anterior cingulate area [partial β = −0.092, P = 0.011, degrees of freedom (df) = 20, 502]. This effect was specific to cognitive control, because the relationship survived adding congruent reaction time as an additional covariate area (partial β = −0.064, P = 0.006, df = 21, 501);
ID: 015 Variable: Flanker performance, total anterior cingulate area Model: PartialBeta: -0.092 P: 0.011 DF: 20, 502
ID: 016 Variable: Flanker performance, total anterior cingulate area Model: ? (includes congruent RT) PartialBeta: -0.064 P: 0.006 DF: 21, 501
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an effect of method of delivery on rostral anterior cingulate area, where larger area was observed with cesarean section (standardized β = 0.09, P = 0.018). This finding did not, however, attenuate the relationship with birth weight, for which the effect size remained virtually identical (standardized β = 0.185 vs. 0.193, both P values < 0.0001) when method of delivery was included or not included in the analysis, respectively.
ID: 010 Variable: rostral anterior cingulate area, birth method Group: c section ModelID: ? StandardizedBeta: 0.09 P: 0.018
ID: 011 Variable: birth weight, birth method Group: c section ModelID: ? StandardizesBeta: 0.193 P: <0.0001
ID: 012 Variable: birth weight, birth method Group: vaginal birth ModelID: ? StandardizesBeta: 0.185 P: <0.0001
*Assumption made about which beta corresponds to which birth method
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a unique relationship between birth weight and caudate volume remained (partial β = 0.11, P = 0.002)
ID: 009 Variable: birth weight, caudate vol Model: ? (include TBV as regressor) PartialBeta: 0.11 P: 0.002
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These relationships also remained largely similar when excluding the low (1,500–2,499 g) birth weight cases (partial β for putamen: 0.09, P = 0.022; pallidum: 0.11, P = 0.004; caudate: 0.19, P < 0.001; TBV: 0.17, P < 0.001)
ID: 005 Variable: birth weight, putamen vol Group: birth weight >2499g PartialBeta: 0.09 P: 0.022 Interpretation: birth weight positively associated with putamen volume
ID: 006 Variable: birth weight, pallidum vol Group: birth weight >2499g PartialBeta: 0.11 P: 0.004 Interpretation: birth weight positively associated with pallidum volume
ID: 007 Variable: birth weight, caudate vol Group: birth weight >2499g PartialBeta: 0.19 P: <0.001
ID: 008 Variable: birth weight, TBV vol Group: birth weight >2499g PartialBeta: 0.17 P: <0.001 Interpretation: birth weight positively associated with TBV vol
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Birth weight was uniquely and positively associated with each volume (partial β for putamen: 0.11, P = 0.006; pallidum: 0.12, P = 0.002; caudate: 0.20, P < 0.001; TBV: 0.16, P < 0.001)
ID: 001 Variable: birth weight, putamen vol PartialBeta: 0.11 P: 0.006 Interpretation: birth weight positively associated with putamen volume
ID: 002 Variable: birth weight, pallidum vol PartialBeta: 0.12 P: 0.002 Interpretation: birth weight positively associated with pallidum volume
ID: 003 Variable: birth weight, caudate vol PartialBeta: 0.20 P: <0.001
ID: 004 Variable: birth weight, TBV vol PartialBeta: 0.16 P: <0.001 Interpretation: birth weight positively associated with TBV vol
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No associations were found between the lobes or individual PUs and the following clinical variables: antipsychotic dose in chlorpromazine equivalents, YMRS score, duration of illness, presence or absence of ADHD, and current mood state (manic, mixed, depressed, or euthymic)
ID: 015 Variable: lobe vol, antipsychotic dos in chlorpromazine equivalents, YMRS score, duration of illness, ADHD, current mood state Interpretation: No associations were found between lobe volume and these clinical variables
ID: 016 Variable: PU vol, antipsychotic dos in chlorpromazine equivalents, YMRS score, duration of illness, ADHD, current mood state Interpretation: No associations were found between PU volumes and these clinical variables
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When we looked at the gyri in the BPD group, we found only that volumes of the left log POG were significantly and positively associated with scores on the GAF (B = 0.012; t = 2.22, p = 0.035).
ID: 014 Variable: left POG vol, GAF score Group: BPD B: 0.012 T: 2.22 P: 0.035 Interpretation: left POG vol positively associated with GAF score
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The left log PL volumes in the BPD children decreased significantly in association with increasing numbers of psychoactive medications (B = −0.04; t = −2.138, p = 0.042) (when we examined the possible relationship between type of medication and change in PL volumes, we did not detect any significant or trend relationship between type of medication and PL volume).
ID: 012 Variable: left PL vol, quantity of medications B: -0.04 T: -2.138 P: 0.042 Interpretation: left PL vol decreased with increased number of psychoactive medications
ID: 013 Variable: PL vol, type of medication Interpretation: no relationship observed between PL vol and type of medication
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Within the BPD group, those children with psychotic symptoms had smaller left log TL volumes (B = −0.092; t = −2.066, p = 0.048) than those without psychotic symptoms
ID: 011 Variable: left TL vol, diagnosis Group: BPD_psych B: -0.092 T: -2.066 P: 0.048
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No significant group differences were found in the right or left FL
ID: 009 Variable: FL vol Interpretation: no significant difference in FL vol observed
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We did find significant group differences in the right MFG (B = −0.144; t = −2.289, p = 0.027
ID: 010 Variable: right MFG vol Group: BPD B: -0.144 T: -2.289 P: 0.027
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The bipolar group had significantly smaller log left TL volumes compared with the control group (B = −0.050; t = −2.258, p = 0.029).
ID: 008 Variable: left TL vol Group: BPD B: -0.050 T: -2.258 P: 0.029
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the BPD had significant reductions in the right and left POG (right: B = −0.116; t = −2.027, p = 0.049; left: B = −0.136; t = −2.592, p = 0.013).
ID: 006 Variable: right POG vol Group: BPD B: -0.116 T: -2.027 P: 0.049
ID: 007 Variable: left POG vol Group: BPD B: -0.136 T: -2.592 P: 0.013
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Interestingly, both age and Verbal IQ for all children in this study (both BPD and HC combined) showed inverse relationships with PL volume, such that children with higher Verbal IQ scores were more likely to have smaller PL volumes, and older children were more likely to have smaller PL volumes.
ID: 004 Interpretation: Observed inverse relationship between age and PL volume
ID: 005 Interpretation: Observed inverse relationship between verbal IQ score and PL volume
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The bipolar youth had significantly smaller log right and left PL volumes relative to the HC (right: B = −0.080, t = −2.154, p = 0.037; left: B = −0.102; t = −3.122, p = 0.003), after controlling for the significant effects of age, Verbal IQ, and log cerebral volume (see Table 4 for summary of regression models).
ID: 002 Variable: right PL vol Group: BPD B: -0.080 T: -2.154 P: 0.037 Interpretation: BPD youth had smaller right PL volumes than HC
ID: 003 Variable: left PL vol Group: BPD B: -0.102 T: -3.122 P: 0.003 Interpretation: BPD youth had smaller left PL volumes than HC
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When FA and ADC in forceps major were entered, FA was still significantly related to incongruent RT (β = −0.11, P < 0.01), whereas ADC ceased to be significant.
ID: 024 Variable: Incongruent RT Covariate: FA of forceps major, ADC of forceps major *how do we annotate that DTI parameters were included pairwise? does it matter that they were entered pairwise? we have a beta for each FA that varies by its DTI pairing
ID: 025 Variable: Incongruent RT Covariate: FA Beta: -0.11 P: <0.01
ID: 026 Variable: Incongruent RT Covariate: ADC P: insignificant
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In contrast to the cortical results, where a linear reduction in strength of the relationship with age was seen, the relationship between ADC/FA and cognition was strongest around 6–10 and above 16 y, with correlations not significant in the middle part of the age range (Fig. 3)
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The relationship between right anterior cingulate surface area and incongruent RT was plotted as a continuous function of age. The relationship was strongest for the youngest part of the sample, and it decreased linearly in strength with age
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a positive significant effect on anterior cingulate surface area for boys (partial β = 0.18, P < 0.10−6) was found.
ID: 021 Variable: Anterior cingulate SA Covariate: Sex Group: male Model: PartialBeta: 0.18 P: <0.10^-6
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Significant positive RT relationships with forceps major were seen for both ADC (β = 0.18, P < 0.014, corrected for the number of comparisons) and FA (β = −0.20, P < 0.0014, corrected).
ID: 022 Variable: RT, ADC of forceps major ModelID: ? Beta: 0.18 P: <0.014 Interpretation: Positive RT relatonship
ID: 023 Variable: RT, FA of forceps major ModelID: ? Beta: -0.20 P: <0.0014 Interpretation: Positive RT relationship
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There were no effects of sex on RT
ID: 020 Variable: RT Covariate: Sex ModelID: ? P: insignificant
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Additional analyses showed relationships of marginally less strength in the left hemisphere (artial β = −0.24 vs. −0.02 in the young and older groups, respectively, with congruent RT as a covariate)
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Partial β was −0.23 (P < 0.05) for the younger sample compared with −0.02 [not significant (n.s.)] for the older sample. With RT from the congruent condition included as an additional covariate, the corresponding partial β values for incongruent RT were −0.32 (P < 0.05) for the younger group and −0.01 (n.s.) for the older participants.
ID: 011 Variable: SA Group: Young ModelID: ? PartialBeta: -0.23 P: <0.05
ID: 012 Variable: SA Group: Old ModelID: ? PartialBeta: -0.01 P: insignificant
ID: 013 Variable: SA Group: Incongruent_Young ModelID: ? PartialBeta: -0.32 P: <0.05
ID: 013 Variable: SA Covariates: Group: Incongruent_Old ModelID: ? PartialBeta: -0.01 P: Insignificant
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A cluster of negative effects covering the entire right anterior cingulate was found for the young group (cluster size = 2,077 mm2, clusterwise P = 0.019, corrected)
ID: 007 Variable: RT, Cluster size Group: Young Cluster size: 2077 Units: mm^2 P: 0.019 Interpretation: Cluster of negative effects found in right anterior cingulate of young group
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Mean incongruence effect (cognitive conflict) on RT was 14.8% and negatively related to age (Pearson r = −0.33, P < 10−19)
ID: 006 Variable: Incongruence effect on RT Covariate: Age Mean: 14.8% ModelID: Pearson CorrelationCoefficient: -0.33 P: <10^-19
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both were negatively related to age (Spearman ρ, congruent RT = −0.53, P < 10−53; incongruent RT = −0.61, P < 10−76)
ID: 004 Group: Congruent CorrelationCoefficient: -0.53 P: <10^-53 ModelID: Spearman
ID: 005 Group: Incongruent CorrelationCoefficient: -0.61 P: <10^-76 ModelID: Spearman
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Mean reaction time (RT) in the congruent condition was 789 ms (SD = 217) vs. 906 ms (SD = 293) in the incongruent condition (t = 20.83, P < 10−75)
ID: 001 Variable: RT Groups: Congruent, Incongruent ModelID: TTEST T: 20.83 P: <10^-75
ID: 002 Variable: RT Group: Congruent MeanValue: 789 SD: 217 Units: ms
ID: 003 Variable: RT Group: Incongruent MeanValue: 906 SD: 293 Units: ms
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- Mar 2016
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Significant diagnostic differences were seen in the left and right cerebral volumes in interaction with sex (right: F3,93 = 2.9, P = .04; left: F3,93 = 3.1, P = .04).
ID: LCerebralVolume ModelApplication: RLSubcBrainVolumes Value: Left Cerebral Volume Variable: Diagnosis+Sex F: 2.9 P: 0.04 Interpretation: Significant differences
ID: RCerebralVolume ModelApplication: RLSubcBrainVolumes Value: Right Cerebral Volume Variable: Diagnosis+Sex F: 3.1 P: 0.04 Interpretation: Significant differences
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- Jul 2015
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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n contrast to our initial hypothesis, the genetic deletion of HDAC6 did not reduce the weight loss or the deficits in cognitive abilities and nest-building behavior shown by R6/1 mice, and even worsened their social impairments, hypolocomotion in the Y-maze, and reduced ultrasonic vocalizations.
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