- Aug 2022
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www.bbc.com www.bbc.com
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Ro, C. (2021, November 1). Why mandatory vaccination is nothing new. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211029-why-mandatory-vaccination-is-nothing-new
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Monto, A. S. (2021). The Future of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination—Lessons from Influenza. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2113403
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Kadambari, S., Goldacre, R., Morris, E., Goldacre, M. J., & Pollard, A. J. (2022). Indirect effects of the covid-19 pandemic on childhood infection in England: Population based observational study. BMJ, 376, e067519. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-067519
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gidmk.medium.com gidmk.medium.com
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Gideon, M.-K. (2022, February 23). Has Covid-19 Been Worse Than the 1918 Influenza Pandemic? Medium. https://gidmk.medium.com/has-covid-19-been-worse-than-the-1918-influenza-pandemic-1c3362f01bcc
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- Feb 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Dr Ellie Murray, ScD 🇨🇦. (2022, February 18). If you have a little one who’s getting a vaccine soon but feeling a bit scared, this new book from @JanZauzmer is quite cute & might help them preview the experience. #VaccinesSaveLives https://t.co/MRngUYWsOJ [Tweet]. @EpiEllie. https://twitter.com/EpiEllie/status/1494695602248200198
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Spinney, L. (2022). Pandemics disable people—The history lesson that policymakers ignore. Nature, 602(7897), 383–385. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00414-x
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www.janeausten.pludhlab.org www.janeausten.pludhlab.org
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consoling herself, however, with the discovery, which her keen eye soon made, that the lace on Mrs. Thorpe’s pelisse was not half so handsome as that on her own.
The pelisse, a popular garment most recently revived through the iconic yellow model worn by Ana Taylor-Joy in Autumn de Wilde’s Emma (2020), might be included as a footnote in the twin history of fashion and ecological degradation.
By donning a pelisse, Mrs. Allen and Mrs. Thorpe, whatever their rivalries, were both at the cusp of early nineteenth-century fashion. Austen herself owned at least two pelisses, as historian Hilary Davidson has demonstrated. The pelisse, an overdress, was developed partly in response to the new Empire-period silhouette and partly due the “muslin disease” or influenza that ailed young women wearing fashionable lightweight fabrics in freezing weather.
In the colder months, pelisses could be lined with fur, so Mrs. Allen’s observation that Mrs. Thorpe’s lace is not as handsome would indicate that this scene takes place in the warmer months. The pelisse’s popularity led it to replace the fur cloaks of the earlier eighteenth century. Soon, though, pelisses themselves would be replaced with fur coats, which gained popularity throughout the nineteenth century, reaching a high point in the 1850s. Their popularity was in large part due to new methods of processing fur, which made it more supple (Fashioned 86). The consumption of fur and sealskin jackets, as well as feathers and cotton, throughout the period would lead to the devastation (e.g., India’s cotton industry) of ecosystems (71).
As we read these lines, then, we are reminded, of Austen’s critical eye for the consumer habits of her time. Although her critique here pertains to petty fashion rivalry, when reading about fashion items in her novels, we might find ourselves considering not only how little our fashion rivalries have changed but also how fashion and environmental degradation are historically linked.
For more on the pelisse, the spencer, and muslin, head over to Austenprose to read Hilary Davidson's post on Regency fashion in Emma (2020).
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- Jan 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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David Spiegelhalter. (2022, January 6). Good news: Admissions for flu not quite as tiny as last year, but close. Https://gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2021-to-2022-season https://t.co/YILvkQ4Vqu [Tweet]. @d_spiegel. https://twitter.com/d_spiegel/status/1479139047515856901
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- Nov 2021
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Readministration of influenza vaccine has become an annual event for much of the population, in response to both waning immunity and the appearance of variants, termed antigenic drift, necessitating updated vaccines. Even when there is no substantial drift, revaccination is recommended because of waning immunity. But antigenic drift is a constant issue and is monitored globally, with vaccine composition updated globally twice a year on the basis of recommendations from a World Health Organization consultation.
Influenza vaccines need to be updated yearly to counter (1) waning immunity and (2) antigenic drift.
Antigenic drift is monitored globally and the WHO makes recommendations for the updates.
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Thus, the value of influenza vaccines, now given to as many as 70% of people in some age groups, lies not in eliminating outbreaks but in reducing them and preventing severe complications.
The goal of influenza vaccines is to prevent severe complications and to reduce outbreaks — not to prevent them.
As many as 70% of some age groups get influenza vaccines.
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Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic infection is never higher than 50 to 60%, and in some years it is much lower.
Vaccine effectiveness for influenza vaccines for symptomatic infection is never higher than 50-60% and some years it is much slower.
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- Oct 2021
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Ling, M., Kothe, E. J., & Mullan, B. A. (2019). Predicting intention to receive a seasonal influenza vaccination using Protection Motivation Theory. Social Science & Medicine, 233, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.06.002
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assets.publishing.service.gov.uk assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
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- Sep 2021
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Chan, M. S., Jamieson, K. H., & Albarracin, D. (2020). Prospective associations of regional social media messages with attitudes and actual vaccination: A big data and survey study of the influenza vaccine in the United States. Vaccine, 38(40), 6236–6247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.054
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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Ortiz, J. R., & Neuzil, K. M. (2019). Influenza Immunization in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Preparing for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 219(Supplement_1), S97–S106. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz024
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Okoli, G. N., Abou-Setta, A. M., Neilson, C. J., Chit, A., Thommes, E., & Mahmud, S. M. (2019). Determinants of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among the Elderly in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 5, 2333721419870345. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721419870345
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www.cdc.gov www.cdc.gov
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Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2018–19 Influenza Season | FluVaxView | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC. (2019, September 25). https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/coverage-1819estimates.htm
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- Aug 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Adam Kucharski. (2021, August 5). Reading with hindsight, some interesting details in this 2018 piece on the places that escaped the 1918 pandemic... 1/ https://t.co/QWobRtmGcU [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1423297060380442632
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Taquet, M., Husain, M., Geddes, J. R., Luciano, S., & Harrison, P. J. (2021). Cerebral venous thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis: A retrospective cohort study of 537,913 COVID-19 cases. MedRxiv, 2021.04.27.21256153. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.27.21256153
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- Jun 2021
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www.ecdc.europa.eu www.ecdc.europa.eu
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ECDC (2020) Systemic review of the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of newer and enhanced seasonal influenza vaccines for the prevention of lab-confirmed flu in individuals aged 18 and over Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/seasonal-influenza-vaccines-systematic-review-efficacy.pdf
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Feng, L., Zhang, T., Wang, Q., Xie, Y., Peng, Z., Zheng, J., Qin, Y., Zhang, M., Lai, S., Wang, D., Feng, Z., Li, Z., & Gao, G. F. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States. Nature Communications, 12(1), 3249. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23440-1
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Maltezou, H. C., Theodoridou, K., Ledda, C., Rapisarda, V., & Theodoridou, M. (2019). Vaccination of healthcare workers: Is mandatory vaccination needed? Expert Review of Vaccines, 18(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1552141
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Nsoesie, E. O., Oladeji, O., Abah, A. S. A., & Ndeffo-Mbah, M. L. (2021). Forecasting influenza-like illness trends in Cameroon using Google Search Data. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 6713. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85987-9
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a new strain of influenza virus against which no previous immunity exists and that demonstrates human-to-human transmission could result in a pandemic with millions of fatalities2
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Chen, C. (2020, April 28). What Antibody Studies Can Tell You—And More Importantly, What They Can’t. ProPublica. https://www.propublica.org/article/what-antibody-studies-can-tell-you-and-more-importantly-what-they-cant
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Simpson, C. R., Thomas, B. D., Challen, K., De Angelis, D., Fragaszy, E., Goodacre, S., Hayward, A., Lim, W. S., Rubin, G. J., Semple, M. G., & Knight, M. (2020). The UK hibernated pandemic influenza research portfolio: Triggered for COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, S1473309920303984. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30398-4
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- May 2020
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www.mittellaendische.ch www.mittellaendische.ch
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COVID-19—Eine Zwischenbilanz oder eine Analyse der Moral, der medizinischen Fakten, sowie der aktuellen und zukünftigen politischen Entscheidungen. (2020, April 7). DIE MITTELLÄNDISCHE ZEITUNG - FÜR MEHR DURCHBLICK. https://www.mittellaendische.ch/2020/04/07/covid-19-eine-zwischenbilanz-oder-eine-analyse-der-moral-der-medizinischen-fakten-sowie-der-aktuellen-und-zuk%C3%BCnftigen-politischen-entscheidungen/
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www.health.gov.au www.health.gov.au
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Australian Government Department of Health (2020, April 1). Coronavirus (COVID-19) – Restrictions on entry into and visitors to aged care facilities [Text]. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-restrictions-on-entry-into-and-visitors-to-aged-care-facilities
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Cohn, S. (2020 May 01). Face masks: What the Spanish flu can teach us about making them compulsory. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/face-masks-what-the-spanish-flu-can-teach-us-about-making-them-compulsory-137648
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theconversation.com/face-masks-what-the-spanish-flu-can-teach-us-about-making-them-compulsory-137648 -
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onlinelibrary.wiley.com onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Roland, L. T., Gurrola, J. G., Loftus, P. A., Cheung, S. W., & Chang, J. L. (2020). Smell and taste symptom‐based predictive model for COVID‐19 diagnosis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, alr.22602. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22602
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Lipsitch, M., Perlman, S., & Waldor, M. K. (2020). Testing COVID-19 therapies to prevent progression of mild disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30372-8
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www.cmu.edu www.cmu.edu
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Bruine De Bruin, W., Fischhoff, B., Brilliant, L., & Caruso, D. (2006). Expert judgments of pandemic influenza risks. Global Public Health, 1(2), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690600673940
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www.visualcapitalist.com www.visualcapitalist.com
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LePan, N. (2020, March 14). Visualizing the History of Pandemics. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/
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- Apr 2020
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www.psychologicalscience.org www.psychologicalscience.org
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Behavioral Strategies More Effective Than Persuasion in Promoting Vaccination. (n.d.). Association for Psychological Science - APS. Retrieved April 30, 2020, from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/behavioral-strategies-more-effective-than-persuasion-in-promoting-vaccination.html
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Jefferson, T., Jones, M., Al Ansari, L. A., Bawazeer, G., Beller, E., Clark, J., Conly, J., Del Mar, C., Dooley, E., Ferroni, E., Glasziou, P., Hoffman, T., Thorning, S., & Van Driel, M. (2020). Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 - Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: Systematic review and meta-analysis [Preprint]. Public and Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047217
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Cowling, B. J., Ali, S. T., Ng, T. W. Y., Tsang, T. K., Li, J. C. M., Fong, M. W., Liao, Q., Kwan, M. Y., Lee, S. L., Chiu, S. S., Wu, J. T., Wu, P., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: An observational study. The Lancet Public Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30090-6
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academic.oup.com academic.oup.com
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Sun, J., Shi, Z., & Xu, H. (n.d.). Non-pharmaceutical interventions used for COVID-19 had a major impact on reducing influenza in China in 2020. Journal of Travel Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa064
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www.nejm.org www.nejm.org
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Tang, J. W., & Settles, G. S. (2008). Coughing and Aerosols. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(15), e19. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMicm072576
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C. et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat Med (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2
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Wojcik, S., et al. (2020 March 30). Survey data and human computation for improved flu tracking. Cornell University. arXiv:2003.13822
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- Jun 2018
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Influenza Viruses and mRNA Splicing: Doing More with Less
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