for - key insight - behavioral change is a key demand-side mitigation strategy yet has only been recently discussed - supply side solutions have been the main focus - Pizziol & Tavoni, 2024

for - First suggestion - for China - decrease dependency on American deficit - by increasing domestic demand for your own manufactured products - using your own digital super highway - and increasing wages - Yanis Varoufakis

34:47 Taxes drive demand for a currency

Find out the 6 most dominant types of on-demand delivery service apps popular in the market today. From foods, groceries to healthcare and logistic-based service requests, these apps are really changing the way people get their goods and services. Discover their key features and the growing trends of the on-demand economy.

Oil company says oil demand will peak next year

Want to grow your food delivery business quickly? Then get in touch with Quickworks and integrate our best food delivery app solution to automate the process and enhance work productivity to improve your business operations. For more information, you can visit our website or call us at +1 (512) 872 3364.

In Frankreich beginnt in dieser Woche eine öffentliche Debatte um ein großes lithium-bergbauprojekt im zentralmassiv. Der umfassende Artikel beleuchtet eine Vielzahl von Aspekten des lithium-Abbaus und der zunehmenden Opposition dagegen, die eng mit dem Kampf gegen die individuelle motorisierte Mobilität verbunden ist. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/course-au-lithium-made-in-france-une-opportunite-a-saisir-ou-un-mirage-ecologique-20240310_FQOVXTBNKJC5NJ7EZI2UQKOAIY/in

https://rhg.com/research/global-fossil-fuel-demand/

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/06/climate/oil-gas-drilling-investment-worldwide-willow.html

In Großbritannien wird die Erschließung eines großen weiteren Nordsee-Ölfelds vorangetrieben. Das Land erhält drei Viertel seiner Energie aus fossilen Quellen. Hintergrund-Bericht im Guardian, der auch Zahlen zum hohen CO2-Fußabdruck von LNG enthält: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/may/01/does-the-uk-really-need-to-drill-for-more-north-sea-oil-and-gas

In den USA führen wachsende Datencenter, die u.a. durch die Industriepolitik steigende Produktion in Fabriken und immer mehr Elektrofahrzeuge zu einem steilen Anstieg des Bedarfs nach Elektrizität. Der zusätzliche Verbrauch wird in fünf Jahren etwa dem jetzigen Kaliforniens entsprechen. Die bestehenden Klimaziele werden dadurch gefährdet. Viele neue Gaskraftwerke werden bereits projektiert, unter anderem, weil die Regulierungen fossile Energien begünstigen. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/03/13/climate/electric-power-climate-change.html

Österreich hat 2023 22% weniger Gas verbraucht als 2021. ür die Hälfte dieser Einsparungen sind die hohen Temperaturen verantwortlich. Rechnet man auch den – teilweise wetterbdingten – höheren Anteil der der Erneuerbaren an der Stromproduktion heraus, liegt die Einsparung nur bei 4,5%, in den letzten Monaten noch deutlich darunter. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000207212/echte-einsparung-oder-einfach-wetterglueck-warum-oesterreich-weniger-gas-verbraucht

https://taz.de/Energiekrise-vorbeugen/!5993634/

Erneuerbare Energien sind der wichtigste Treiber des Wirtschaftswachstums in China. Zugleich droht China die Klimaziele für 2025 zu verfehlen. 2023 hat der Energieverbrauch um 5,7% zugenommen. Zwischen 2021 Uhr und 2023 wuchsen die CO2-Emissionen jährlich um durchschnittlich 3, 8%. Ein Hauptgrund dafür ist die Stimulierung der Wirtschaft in China selbst und den Ländern, in die China exportiert, nach der Covid-Krise. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/feb/22/growth-in-co2-emissions-leaves-china-likely-to-miss-climate-targets

Sultan Al Jaber hat bei einer von der IEA gehosteten Diskussion dazu aufgerufen, ber der Energiewende die Nachfrageseite adäquat zu berücksichtigen (was bei bestimmten IPCC-Szenarios und bei Degrowth-Ansätzen schon lange der Fall ist). Eine Studie von ExxonMobil prognostiziert wedding Wachstum der m des Energieverbrauchs um 15% bis 2050. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/feb/20/energy-turmoil-looms-unless-demand-is-checked-says-cop28-president-sultan-al-jaber

https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/devrons-nous-produire-60-delectricite-en-plus-dici-dix-ans-comme-le-dit-emmanuel-macron-20220218_NDXIZTW33RAB7HUET7U4N3QSGQ/?redirected=1

Die New York Times beschäftigt sich in einem ausführlichen Bericht mit US-amerikanischen Bitcoin Minen. Die 34 Betriebe brauchen jeder mehr Strom als 40.000 durchschnittliche Haushalte. Dabei werden so viel Treibhausgase erzeugt wir von ungefähr 3,5 Millionen Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennermitor. Die Bitcoin-Minen entwickeln neue Geschäftsmodelle, die davon ausgehen, dass sie ihren Strombedarf wesentlich flexibler dosieren können als andere Unternehmen. Die öffentliche Hand muss zum Teil sogar Gewinnausfälle durch Stromabschaltungen finanzieren.

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/09/business/bitcoin-mining-electricity-pollution.html

Die OPEC geht davon aus, dass sich die Nachfrage nach Öl in diesem Jahr um 2,25 Millionen Barrel pro Tag erhöhen wird. Für das kommende Jahr erwartet die OPEC eine Steigerung um 1,85 Millionen Barrel am Tag. Die Prognosen der OPEC liegen deutlich höher als die der IEA. Die USA haben in der zweiten Januarwoche mit mit 13,3 Millionen Barrel pro Tag einen neuen Rekord in der Ölproduktion aufgestellt. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/oil-prices-edge-higher-opec-demand-estimate-while-cold-hits-us-output-2024-01-18/

• for: fossil fuel phase out, fossil fuel phase down, COP28 controversy, Sultan Al Jaber controversy, fossil fuel demand phase out, Nafeez Ahmed - phase out fossil fuel demand, carbon colonialism, colonialism - climate crisis

• title: A Message to White Environmentalists: Demanding a Fossil Fuel Phase Out is Not Enough

• author: Nafeez Ahmed
• date: Dec 6, 2023
• publication: Byline Times

• for: fossil fuel phase out, fossil fuel phase down, fossil fuel demand phase out

• suggestion - by Nafeez Ahmed - fossil fuel demand phase out

  • Nafeez writes that instead of phasing out fossil fuels, the focus should be on phasing out fossil fuel demand through increasing demand for alternatives
    • https://bylinetimes.com/2023/12/06/a-message-to-white-environmentalists-demanding-a-fossil-fuel-phase-out-is-not-enough/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox

The increased efficiency in the use of a resource doesn't imply a decrease in the usage of that resource, but rather may cause in incommensurate increase in use because of decrease in cost.

The increased efficiency of the use of a resource may act as a catalyst for increasing usage.

Under this scenario, a grid operator would pay a datacentre to be prepared to switch off local physical load.

The load would still be served through, albeit on a different grid or grid region where you didn't have the same strains on the electricity network.

What is a teleoperator?

• for: quote, quote - Kevin Anderson, quote - bottom-up and top-down partnership, IPCC AR6 WGIII demand side reduction and bottom-up actions
• quote
  • I hope that there will be some sort of partnership between bottom-up and top-down that will provide guidance to leaders to put the right things in place.
• author: Kevin Anderson

• date: Sept., 2023

• comment

  • The last IPCC report, AR6, WGIII described the important role that bottom-up, societal actors can play
    • https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Freport.ipcc.ch%2Far6wg3%2Fpdf%2FIPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter05.pdf&group=world

Die Ölpreise steigern deutlich an, vor allem aufgrund von steigender Nachfrage in China (dem größten Öl-Importeur) und Drosselung der Produktion in Saudi-Arabien und Russland. Hintergrund dieser Verknappung ist auch die Prognose der IEA, die Nachfrage nach Öl werde vor 2030 erstmals sinken. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/sep/17/global-inflation-fears-as-oil-price-rises-towards-100-a-barrel

Where would I look to find public evidence of this?

Global

Wenn die reichsten Menschen in Europa ihren Energieverbrauch auf 170 Gigajoule pro Jahr reduzieren würden, ließen sich allein damit 10% der EU-Emissionen reduzieren - wobei 170 Gigajoule mehr sind, als 80% der europäischen Bevölkerung verbrauchen. Eine neue Studie zeigt das Potenzial von Reduktionen auf der Nachfrageseite vor allem bei Wohlhabenden. Eine bessere Befriedigung grundlegender Energiebedürfnisse von Armen hat dagegen nur geringe Auswirkungen auf die Emissionen. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000179254/energiesparen-bei-reichen-kann-erhoehten-verbrauch-bei-armen-kompensieren

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-023-01283-y

• quote
  • "Policymakers need to win public support for energy demand reduction mechanisms. -The reality is decarbonisation on the supply side, where energy is generated and distributed, will not be enough to deliver the emission reductions that are needed. -So, energy demand will have to be reduced. That is the inescapable reality."
• Author
  • Milena Buchs
• Experts on the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate that
  • reducing energy demand could produce between 40% and 70% of the emissions reductions that need to be found by 2050.

"Our research is indicating that public support for energy demand reduction is possible if the public see the schemes as being fair and deliver climate justice."

• comment
  • aligned with Kevin Anderson's findings from 2013 that
    • it takes decades to build out supply-side infrastructure that can replace fossil fuel systems
    • therefore, significant demand side reductions are necessary to delivery the reductions in carbon emissions needed now
    • https://hyp.is/lOljjiV1Ee65J2N_QMPZhw/kevinanderson.info/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Edinburgh-presentation-Oct-2013.pdf

• One energy demand reduction strategy
  • Cap the top 20% of energy users
  • while allowing those people
    • who use little energy and
    • have poverty-level incomes
  • to be able to
    • increase their consumption levels and
    • improve their quality of life.

• Title
  • Cap top 20% of energy users to reduce carbon emissions

• Publication

  • https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230717175940.htm

• Summary -Consumers in the richer, developed nations will have to accept restrictions on their energy use

  • if international climate change targets are to be met, warn researchers.
  • The big challenge is to identify the fairest and most equitable way
  • that governments can curtail energy use,
    • a process known as energy demand reduction. -The research team analyzed several scenarios to identify a potential solution.

• energy demand side reduction
  • too early for supply side infrastructure to fully scale
  • therefore, only significant demand-side reductions can keep us safe

In 2019, Carthusian monks went back to their values and decided to scale back their production of Chartreuse.

Interactive Carbon Footprint Calculator

Gye, H. (2021, November 29). All adults to be offered booster jabs after 3 months, and over-12s to get second doses. Inews.Co.Uk. https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/covid-booster-jabs-to-be-offered-all-adults-after-3-months-and-over-12s-second-doses-1325151

This is what we want to see!! The publishing company Annotate Books is republishing classic texts with a roomier 1.8" ruled margin on every page to make it easier to annotate texts.

It reminds me about the idea of having print-on-demand interleaved books. Why not have print-on-demand books which have wider than usual margins either with or without lines/grids/dots for easier note taking and marginalia?

Link to: https://hypothes.is/a/C5WcYFhsEeyLyFeV9leIzw

IPCC AR6 WG III chapter 5: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Freport.ipcc.ch%2Far6wg3%2Fpdf%2FIPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter05.pdf&group=world

Public Annotation of IPCC Report AR6 Climate Change 2022 Mitigation of Climate Change WGIII Chapter 5: Demand, Services and Social Aspects of Mitigation

NOTE: Permission given by one of the lead authors, Felix Creutzig to annotate with caveat that there may be minor changes in the final version.

This annotation explores the potential of mass mobilization of citizens and the commons to effect dramatic demand side reductions. It leverages the potential agency of the public to play a critical role in rapid decarbonization.

This is a key point. services can be delivered and decoupled from high net primary energy and physical resources.

While demand services are not direct sources of carbon emissions, behavior change that reduces consumption can dramatically alter the volumes of primary carbon emissions.

We have to peak emissions in the next few years if we want to stay under 1.5 Deg C. This talk was given back in 2015 when IPCC was still setting its sights on 2 Deg C.

This is a key finding for why supply side development cannot scale to solve the problem in the short term. It's impossible to scale rapidly enough. Only drastic demand side reduction can peak emissions and drop drastically in the next few years.

And if we hit a 4 Deg C world, which is not out of the question as current Business As Usual estimates put us on track between 3 and 5 Deg C, Kevin Anderson cites some research about the way infrastructure systems in a city like London would break down

The focus on demand side reduction can play a major role in peaking emissions in the next few years. Among others Prof. Kevin Anderson has been vocal about the key role of demand side reduction in peaking emissions, as per his Ostrich or Phoenix presentations: https://youtu.be/mBtehlDpLlU

IPCC AR6 WGIII Chapter 5: demand, services and social aspects of mitigation identifies that up to 45% of mitigation can result from a demand-side socialization strategy and collective action mobilization. This gives us tremendous power of impact to mobilize people. The low hanging fruit can be identified by comprehensive, ongoing, deep, global conversations with the greatest diversity of actors with a common vision collectively searching for the social tipping points, leverage points and idling resources and scaling massively thru the Indyweb as a cosmolocal network (what's light we share, what's heavy we produce locally).

Climate scientist and realist Professor Kevin Anderson has argued for many years that demand side changes are the only solutions that can be implemented rapidly enough to peak emissions and drop emissions rapidly in the short term (next few years), buying time for reneewable energy solutions to scale globally.

Bago, Bence, David Rand, and Gordon Pennycook. ‘Does Deliberation Decrease Belief in Conspiracies?’ PsyArXiv, 8 March 2022. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/86jhw.

Campbell, D., & Davis, N. (2022, January 14). Covid booster jabs in England to be thrown away as demand falls. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jan/14/covid-booster-jabs-in-england-to-be-thrown-away-as-demand-falls

Strickland, J. C., Stoops, W., Banks, M., & Gipson-Reichardt, C. D. (2022). Logical Fallacies and Misinterpretations that Hinder Progress in Translational Addiction Neuroscience. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/frd5e

I've been thinking it for a while, but have needed to write it down for ages---particularly from my experiences with older manuscripts.

In an age of print-on-demand and reflowing text, why in goodness' name don't we have the ability to print almost anything we buy and are going to read in any font size and format we like?

Why couldn't I have a presentation copy sized version of The Paris Review?

Why shouldn't I be able to have everything printed on bible-thin pages of paper for savings in thickness?

Why couldn't my textbooks be printed with massively large margins for writing notes into more easily? Why not interleaved with blank pages even? Particularly near the homework problem sections?

Why can't I have more choice in a range of fonts, book sizes, margin sizes, and covers?

Demand side reduction is a challenging issue.

Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Countries dump vaccines as demand slumps and sharing proves difficult. BMJ, n1893. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1893

Jani, B. D., Ho, F. K., Lowe, D. J., Traynor, J. P., MacBride-Stewart, S. P., Mark, P. B., Mair, F. S., & Pell, J. P. (2021). Comparison of COVID-19 outcomes among shielded and non-shielded populations. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 15278. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94630-6

Panel Discussions. (n.d.). Association for Psychological Science - APS. Retrieved 14 June 2021, from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/conventions/2021-virtual/panel-discussions

Dubé, E., Leask, J., Wolff, B., Hickler, B., Balaban, V., Hosein, E., & Habersaat, K. (2018). The WHO Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) approach: Review of implementation to date. Vaccine, 36(11), 1509–1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.012

The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Evidence from a New Public Database Built Using Private Sector Data. (2020, May 7). Opportunity Insights. https://opportunityinsights.org/paper/tracker/

Covid One Year Ago on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 3 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/YearCovid/status/1367044325054423041

Balleer, A., Link, S., Menkhoff, M., & Zorn, P. (2020). Demand or Supply? Price Adjustment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. IZA Discussion Paper, 13568.

U.S. Census Bureau. (2021, February 4). Small Business Pulse Survey Shows Shift in Expectations from Spring to Winter. The United States Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/01/small-business-pulse-survey-shows-shift-in-expectations-from-spring-to-winter.html?utm_campaign=20210126msacos1ccstors&utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

21st Century Economics (USA)

Economic Theory of a Market Economy, Characteristics, Pros, and Cons

Americans and the World believe or want to believe that the United States is built upon a Market Economy.

Historical context validates a classic Market Economy theory as directed by our Founding Fathers and Constitution. We clearly do not have a pure Market Economy today (2021).

• To Big to Fail - (Bailouts)
• Farm Subsidies
• Political Influence (money, lobbying, tenure)
• Government Agencies
• Military/Industrial Complex
• Federal Reserve (Central Banking)
• Social Security
• Medicare
• Other

Most Americans lump (through education) the concept of economics and government together, into 3 basic categories; Capitalism, Socialism and Communism.

The U.S. is a Capitalist Nation with a corresponding market economy.

Is this statement Fact or Hypothesis ?

Can we still rely on textbook economic models in the 21st Century?

Why make A snow plow App?

The snow plow business is central in regions where heavy snowfall is a common environment situation, like Canada, Europe, Russia, North America, and others. Right when such heavy snow hinders people's regular day to day existence, there is a constant demand for snow plow. There are two sorts of business models watching out. The essential model is the contract type in which an organization would offer a contract for the entire winter or unequivocal months for their administration. In the second model, the home or business owner would contact the expert center at whatever point they need the assistance.

The contract model's obstacle is that, if there was only a couple of long stretches of heavy snowfall in the entire winter, the whole contract transforms into a bothersome expense. The on demand model prods a spike in interest during heavy snowfall, and the expenses for the equipment or the assist would be high with canning where the customer needs it. The chances for the stuff being out of reach during the hour of need are similarly high.

Right when you choose to make a snow plow app, you can offer an on demand model of administration with more straightforwardness and down to earth. Right when a customer look "snow plow administration near me", it gets more straightforward for them to find the administrations closer to them, at whatever point they need it. The drivers and the customers get connected by methods for a comparable stage, allowing them to recognize the work effectively without an unnecessary measure of authoritative commotion.

Do you need the online stage to help start your online Snow Plowing startup? Or on the other hand willing to make a tremendous proportion of advantage with authentic utilization of online Snow Plowing administrations? Hence, in this context, your answer or answer is confirmed, by then our discussion and article both will go probably as accommodating along with huge resource for you, as a business visionary, which will give the absolute nuances to dispatch your online Snow Plow On Demand administrations. Therefore, the present time and place range will wind up being the advantage or appropriate time for you as a business person to create the online mechanized presence in the overall market utilizing the latest and advanced web development apparatuses.

How our on demand organizing app functions

Pick A Service

Plan It

Relax!

The snow plow app mobile app development has opened up promising conditions for the businesses just as for individuals looking for low support/regular occupation during the season. If, despite everything that you look at the business express bits of knowledge,

The snow plowing industry gets around $22.7 billion yearly;

The total business unequivocal pay addresses 25%;

Snow and Ice the chiefs association is creating at a speed of 3.5% consistently;

These figures clearly depict that it justifies placing assets into an undertaking overseeing snow plowing to bring most prominent pay for your business. An on demand snow plow app development urges you to attract your customers with less drudgery

Starting with the benefits of snow plow app development:

By developing a snow scooping and snow plow app, you will stop a ton of regulatory work that again consumes a lot of time.;

You can enough arrangement with the entire gathering of plow bosses and monitor their working conduct.

Since it is the ideal chance to move to the credit only example, you can get prompt portions into your record. You can allow the customers to pay for the administrations using either a Mastercard or a check card or through some other portion section;

Your customers can see the assistance revives continuously;

You can connect more customers and contact them out with no issue;

Snow plow app development licenses you to meet your customer needs promptly in addition to in an exceptional way;

It will give an effortlessness of administrations to liberating the hail from snow with several ticks;

By giving strong, ensured, and top notch professionals, you can win the trust of incalculable customers;

You can take off the arrangements by offering the customers some historic feature set.

Like Uber and Lyft, each city has snow plow drivers who connect with customers, and give on demand administration. This revolutionizes the business, allowing drivers to help customers without massive contracts or the issue of phone calls.

How should a mobile app help your snow plow business?

Business expansion and web business integration

It is essential to offer a one-stop solution for your administrations, which is smartphone reasonable. Beyond your middle thing or administration, a capable app will add additional impact to your picture regard. You can in like manner arrange it with a web business stage for selling plowing and grass care stuff and additional parts. This integration will give business availability consistently. Your application will transform into a phase for certain businesses and consultants to make a reliable transaction.

Basic administration

It is conceivable to manage different resources and handle various tasks by using an application. You can coordinate resource allocation, following, and portion through the application. Such straightforward administration will put aside time and money and besides improves the versatility of the business. Beyond these, the application grants continuous after of consumer unwaveringness, director execution, and control of various variables.

10,000 foot see

Your application will be your overall viewpoint all in all business measure. You can figure out your business and resources enough. The application energizes you track the recorded background of exercises, portions, and utilization of resources. You can make a polyline on your guide and make zones for straightforward administration of your business. Such an interaction will help in improving online advantage.

So would you say you are set up to develop a snow plow app? don't hesitate to connect with our expert for startup consulting. Next time you or a companion wish getting your carport plowed was simpler, recall, there's an app for that!

Source: Snow plow app

Sadique, M. Z., Devlin, N., Edmunds, W. J., & Parkin, D. (2013). The Effect of Perceived Risks on the Demand for Vaccination: Results from a Discrete Choice Experiment. PLoS ONE, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054149

Snower. D. J., (2020), The Socio-​Economics of Pandemics Policy. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/pp162/

Ferraro, P. J., Miranda, J. J., & Price, M. K. (2011). The Persistence of Treatment Effects with Norm-Based Policy Instruments: Evidence from a Randomized Environmental Policy Experiment. American Economic Review, 101(3), 318–322. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.318

Rent Strike Bristol on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from https://twitter.com/RentStrikeBris/status/1317073795291729921

COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved October 11, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13640/

IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13707/.

Daley, J. (n.d.). Millions of Rapid COVID-19 Antigen Tests May Help Fill the Testing Gap. Scientific American. Retrieved September 30, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/millions-of-rapid-covid-19-antigen-tests-may-help-fill-the-testing-gap/

Fischer, Sean, Kokil Jaidka, and Yphtach Lelkes. ‘Auditing Local News Presence on Google News’. Nature Human Behaviour, 21 September 2020, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00954-0.

Hospitals told not to test staff or patients for Covid-19. (2020, September 18). The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus-nhs-testing-hospitals-shortage-b485589.html

Exclusive: In Russia, a black market for HIV drug to try on coronavirus. (2020, April 20). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-hiv-exclusi-idUSKBN2220W1

Dr Nisreen Alwan 🌻 on Twitter: “There’s no randomised trial evidence for social distancing, hand washing or even testing & contact tracing on #COVID19 so why is it being demanded for masks? I’m for it in all enclosed public spaces (if you can). We need to smile a tiny bit wider though so it shows from our eyes. https://t.co/3J3FToWeud” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 16, 2020, from https://twitter.com/Dr2NisreenAlwan/status/1281961332963770368

Overall, N., Chang, V., Pietromonaco, P., Low, R., & Henderson, A. M. E. (2020). Relationship Functioning During COVID-19 Quarantine [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7cvdm

August 6, S. G. •, & 2020. (2020, August 6). Sweatpants Forever: How the Fashion Industry Collapsed. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/08/06/magazine/fashion-sweatpants.html

Bigio, S., Zhang, M., & Zilberman, E. (2020). Transfers vs Credit Policy: Macroeconomic Policy Trade-offs during Covid-19 (Working Paper No. 27118; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27118

Baqaee, D., & Farhi, E. (2020). Supply and Demand in Disaggregated Keynesian Economies with an Application to the Covid-19 Crisis (Working Paper No. 27152; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27152

Kahn, L. B., Lange, F., & Wiczer, D. G. (2020). Labor Demand in the Time of COVID-19: Evidence from Vacancy Postings and UI Claims (Working Paper No. 27061; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27061

Balla-Elliott, D., Cullen, Z. B., Glaeser, E. L., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. T. (2020). Business Reopening Decisions and Demand Forecasts During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27362; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27362

The Effect of Business Cycle Expectations on the German Apprenticeship Market: Estimating the Impact of COVID-19. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13368/

Job Search during the COVID-19 Crisis. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13237/

The Impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. Child Care Market: Evidence from Stay-​At-Home Orders. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13261/

Kominers, S. D., Pathak, P. A., Sönmez, T., & Ünver, M. U. (2020). Paying It Backward and Forward: Expanding Access to Convalescent Plasma Therapy Through Market Design (Working Paper No. 27143; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27143