the cars were low-emission, environmentally friendly, met emissions standards
These claims are misleading because they were based on laboratory testing conditions that did not reflect real-world driving emissions, creating a false impression of environmental performance.
The Gay Jailbreak technique is a novel attack that can theoretically break through any guardrails when used correctly
这是一个过度概括的断言，声称该技术可以突破任何防护措施。这种绝对化的表述忽视了AI系统的复杂性和多样性。不同模型有不同的安全机制，没有一种技术可以保证对所有系统都有效。更准确的表述应该是指出该技术对某些特定模型有效，并说明其局限性。
“A lot of what we think of as privacy protection isn’t so much like something that’s written in the law,” says Karen Levy, a professor of information science at Cornell University.
这段话揭示了隐私保护的复杂性，并非仅仅是法律问题，而是涉及到获取数据的难易程度。
Elevate your brand to the forefront of conversation around emerging technologies
这是一个营销声明，但缺乏具体数据支持。没有提供广告效果、转化率或投资回报率等关键指标。这种表述过于笼统，无法评估其广告服务的实际价值和效果。
🔹 **Enhanced Agentic Capabilities:** Open-source SOTA in Agentic Coding benchmarks.
虽然文中没有提供具体的基准测试数据，但声称在代理编程基准测试中达到开源SOTA(最先进水平)。这是一个重要断言，但缺乏具体量化指标。如果属实，这将代表DeepSeek在AI代理能力方面的重大突破，特别是在代码生成和执行任务上。需要查看技术报告中的具体基准测试数据来验证这一声明。
Including design intent in Claude Code handoffs has made the jump from prototype to production seamless.
这一断言称设计意图可以无缝传递到生产代码中，挑战了设计实现过程中常见的意图丢失问题。这种理想化的工作流程重新定义了原型到生产的转换，需要验证其在复杂项目中的实际表现。
What used to take a week of back-and-forth between briefs, mockups, and review rounds now happens in a single conversation.
这一断言将设计流程从一周缩短到一次对话，代表了一个极其反直觉的时间压缩。这种戏剧性的效率提升挑战了传统设计工作流程的基本假设，需要验证实际应用案例和可能的局限性。
Our most complex pages, which took 20+ prompts to recreate in other tools, only required 2 prompts in Claude Design.
这一声明暗示Claude Design将设计效率提高了10倍以上，这是一个惊人的效率飞跃。这种反直觉的提升挑战了人们对AI工具渐进式改进的普遍预期，值得独立验证其真实性能和适用场景。
MiniMax claims it has reduced live production incident recovery time to under three minutes on multiple occasions using M2.7.
这一声明暗示M2.7在实际生产环境中具有惊人的问题解决能力，将传统的故障恢复时间从小时级缩短到分钟级。如果属实，这将代表运维领域的一次革命性进步，大幅提高系统可用性和企业韧性。这一能力值得在独立环境中验证，因为它可能改变企业对AI系统在关键基础设施中角色的看法。
A notable recent example comes from Anthropic, who accused DeepSeek, Moonshot, and MiniMax of distilling from Claude's outputs.
【未经验证的断言】Anthropic 的「指控」被直接作为事实引用，但这不过是一家公司的单方声明，且有明显的商业动机（限制竞争对手使用其 API）。文章没有提供任何独立核实，也没有讨论这些指控的证据质量。将商业诉讼语境下的「accusation」等同于已确认的事实，是新闻引用规范上的明显问题。
People on X are the first to know.
令人惊讶的是：这条推文暗示X平台上的用户比其他社交媒体平台的用户更早获取信息，这可能反映了平台的信息传播机制或用户群体的特殊性，但这并没有提供具体证据或数据支持这一说法。
Plain text is beautiful but I can’t show it to somebody that doesn’t know what a null pointer dereference is.
Static websites are simple to generate
If you are a developer WordPress isn't a huge barrier.
The study finds that with only 23% of India’s electricity from renewables, the rapid growth of EVs could increase emissions and up to 90% improper battery recycling and disposal further exacerbating environmental harm.
It makes a verifiable claim about the specific percentage of batteries that are not properly recycled in India, which further supports the fact that EV's are not as bio friendly as claimed to be in their overall life.
FACT: Electric vehicle battery replacements due to failures are uncommon.
This is a verifiable statement that can be supported by the data and the chart shown under the claim. This is supported by the study of 15k vehicles cited in the text, which show that battery failure rates have been less than 0.5% for models made after 2016. This specific data effectively disproves the myth that batteries need frequent replacement.
AI can act as a style adviser and dating coach
This supports the main claim by showing how AI can help with actual date planning, like suggesting places to meet, or rehearsing conversations with its user.
AI can help you create a dating profile
This supports the main claim that AI makes dating better by solving the problems that come with creating a dating profile.
Used in the right way, AI can actually make datingbetter.
This is McArthur's main claim. It sets up the argument that if people are using AI correctly, it offers a net positive for dating.
Dating is hard, but as AI gets more sophisticated and becomes integrated into our everydaylives, we shouldn’t be afraid to allow it to lend us a hand. Just don’t forget to thank it at thewedding.
Because McArthur claims "...we shouldn't be afraid to allow it to lend us a hand," this shows that he's suggesting the reader to have a change of attitude towards AI and that we should let our guard down and allow it to help us.
But it’s not all doom and gloom. Used in the right way, AI can actually make datingbetter.
McArthur is giving his opinion, claiming that AI can make dating better if used correctly. That take would go down as a Claim of Value because he says AI can be positive or helpful, instead of stating a fact.
The Kinsey Institute’s annual “Singles in America” survey revealed that 14 per cent ofGen Z-ers, and six per cent of all single people, are already using AI to help with dating
This is a claim of fact because there is data given to support the statement
I’m not sure that Nystrom was even aware of the notion of “literate programming” when he wrote his book
the last decade however a new super synchronizer sorry have been emerging I think the concept of crisis recently expanded to idea of poly crisis.
for - claim - polycrisis - super synchronizer
I think modernity also had or even have these super synchronizers. And I think the strongest candidate is the concept of progress that synchronized this idea of progressive linear time that synchronize all other processes in politics, technology, science etc.
for - claim - progress - super synchronizer of modernity
MTT into the past and future are instantiations of one ‘simulation system
for - claim - Mental Time Travel into the past and future are instantiations of one simulation system
growingevidence of the similarities of remembering past and imagining future events, dominant theories stillconceive of these as distinct capacities. I propose that memory and imagination are fundamentally the sameprocess
for - adjacency - memory - imagination - the same - claim - memory - imagination - the same
MToC suggests that consciousness developed as part of explicit memory, such that the purpose of consciousness aligns with the purpose of explicit memory
for - MToC claim - purpose of consciousness - same as - purpose of memory - understand the present - imagine possible futures - plan accordingly - adjacency - MToC - memory - consciousness
a reasonable speculation (expanded upon further below) is that memory reactivation during sleep is generally unconscious.
for - adjacency - claim - sleep - memory reactivation is - unconscious
we consider dreaming as a by-product of sleep-based consolidation
for - research claim - dreaming - byproduct of sleep-based memory consolidation - adjacency - dreaming - sleep-based consolidation
I think that some of the more complex high agency patterns from the space are behavioral propensities aka kinds of minds. I think that's what minds actually are is that they're they're actually the the the inhabitants of that of that space.
for - quote - minds occupying platonic space - Michael Levin - I think that some of the more complex high agency patterns from the space are behavioral propensities - aka kinds of minds. - I think that's what minds actually are - they're actually the inhabitants of that of that space. - adjacency - claim - minds in Platonic space - spirituality - Michael Levin
what I want to say very provocatively, there is makes no sense to talk about eternal life
for - claim - eternal life is nonsense
D’s static reflection and code generation capabilities make it an ideal candidate to implement a codebase that needs to be called from several different languages and environments (e.g. Python, Excel, R, …). Traditionally this is done by specifying data structures and RPC calls in an Interface Definition Language (IDL) then translating that to the supported languages, with a wire protocol to go along with it. With D, none of that is necessary.
today is not the moment to expect a full scale spiritual revolution
for - spiritual revolution - timing - claim - we are in early stages - we are in the early stages of the spiritual revolution
he life on the planet is not in danger anyway it's a very anthropocentric issue
for - critique- claim - Anthropocene is no threat to life on earth - I have to disagree with him on this point - By definition, a sixth mass extinction implies that much of life on the planet is at risk - If he means life will continue to evolve, that is certainly true
before the internet it was impossible really I mean getting coring people into town halls regularly that would have been a hard thing to do anyway online made a bit easier but now with aii we can actually all engage with each other AI can be used to harvest the opinions of millions of people at the same time and distill those opinions into a consensus that might be agreeable to the vast majority
for - claim - AI for a new type of democracy? - progress trap - AI - future democracy
the thing they have in common is the idea that addiction is for good that it's it's a fundamental flaw it's an essential characteristic of the person and it's not going to go away it's chronic
> for - addiction - claim - addiction is permanent
there is something perplexing about claims like this. By their nature, they imply that we were smarter and more precise in the past.
YES! I'm very glad that the author does not like these claims.
Vibe shifts create narrative violations because again Vibe shifts are pre- narrative uh something happens and it's like okay something is shifted and then new narratives need to be created to make sense of it
for - claim - vibe shifts create narrative violations - Youtube - from The STOA - Situational Assessment - Luigi Mangione
ns. The decisions and actions of human beings can prevthis kind of suffering. Unfortunately, human beings have not mthe necessary dec
i wanted to convey the sense that not doing something to stop that tide of limiting freedom um is not natural it's it it it's limiting to whatever natural telos there may be and to existence
for - claim - not intervening against Russia, that is trying to limit freedoms is not natural - Bernado Kastrup - counterexamples in ecology
comment - Isn't a predator species in nature naturally setting a limit on the prey species in the environment? - In that way, the predator population is acting as a limiter of freedom, but keeps the prey population in check and in balance - There are many cases in ecology where the (artificial) removal of a predator species in an existent, balanced ecosystem resulted in overpopulation of the prey species as - there is no predator population to keep them in check
this is astonishingly unnatural it's wrong from every perspective one can possibly look at it
for - potential disagreement - with - Bernardo Kastrup claim of unnaturality of normative self perspective - with - individual/collective gestalt - Major Evolutionary Transitions towards individuality
in the ultimate analysis i think it is the impulse in us to revert to our natural state it is the impulse of a finite mind to divest itself of its limitations and revert to its natural condition of infinite consciousness
for - quote - claim - natural impulse of finite minds - to revert from finite mind back to infinite consciousness - Rupert Spira
you can Google data if you're good you can Google information but you cannot Google an idea you cannot Google Knowledge because having an idea acquiring knowledge this is what is happening on your mind when you change the way you think and I'm going to prove that in the next yeah 20 or so minutes that this will stay analog in our closed future because this is what makes us human beings so unique and so Superior to any kind of algorithm
for - key insight - claim - humans can generate new ideas by changing the way we think - AI cannot do this
This, Becker argues, is where the self-concept was born.
claim - Self is a social construct - Ernest Becker
But the rapid and uni-form responses by local Nazis indicated a basic readiness and desireto carry out anti-Jewish actions
The idea of normality had become racialized, so that entitlement tolife and prosperity was limited to healthy Aryans, while newly iden-tified ethnic aliens such as Jews and Gypsies, who before 1933had been ordinary German citizens, and newly identified biologicalaliens such as genetically unfit individuals and so-called “asocials”were pushed outside the people’s community and threatened withisolation, incarceration, and death.
It was the modern, scientificworld of “ethnocrats” and biomedical professionals, not the anti-communist Freikorps veterans of the SA, who devised Ahnenpässeand certificates of genetic health and evaluated the genetic worth ofindividuals.
not exactly a bait and switch but somewhere along those lines, hitler gained loyalty by kicking out communism and then harnessed the goodwill to be like "you know what else we need to do"
But it also made demands on ordinary Germans, who neededto visualize the Volk as a vital racial subject, to choose appropriatemarriage partners, and to accept “limits to empathy.”
Family archives, racial categories, and individual identitiesbecame closely calibrated with one another over the course of theThird Reich
Germans even went to warwith preprinted diaries that left space for snapshots. All this was anacknowledgment of the desire to be part of and to share the Ger-man history that was being made.
Coordination was a process of disso-lution and affiliation.
Coordination, or Gleichschaltung, hit working-class as-sociational life especially hard.
gleichschaltung - coordination, in this context the systematic takeover of nazi ideology in social groups
The state of permanent emer-gency declared by the National Socialists helps explain the tremen-dous efforts that they and their followers made to reconstruct thecollective body and the satisfaction they took in images of unityand solidarity. It also helps explain the violent exclusions they ac-cepted as part of the rebuilding process.
National Socialism offered acomprehensive vision of renewal, which many Germans found ap-pealing, but they combined it with the alarming specter of nationaldisintegration.
. It was the experience of conversion, which left peoplelike Dürkefälden and Ebermayer isolated, that was new and pro-vided the Third Reich with legitimacy and energy.
the desire to be part ofnational unity was so strong that it pulled even an anti-Nazi such asErich into the new political community
The second thing we are missing is our need to grow beyond our predominantly postmodern worldview
for - key insight - polycrisis - solving - postmodernism alone if insufficient
definition - postmodernism - worldview that champions decentralization, diversity, leaderless coalitions, horizontal networks, etc., etc. author: John Bunzl
claim - post modernism alone is no match for the dynamics of hierarchical Destructive Global Capitalism (DGC) - unity of required amongst the fragmented postmodern movements
here we have a string of spheres of different colors all right that would be indicative perhaps of some kind of contact i mean i'm just speculating now 00:14:40 this is pure hypothesis but my sense is that these are very much related to what we see inside the cells
for - claim - painting of meditation experience - direct experience of cells of body
claim - painting of meditation experience - direct experience of cells in body <br /> - This is an extraordinary claim and would imply we could actually experience our bodies at a microscopic level
We are in a time between worlds
for: time between worlds, new sector needed to solve today's wicked problems, birthing process, transition - birthing process
claim: old sectors cannot solve emerging wicked problems, giving rise to a new sector that can
I argue we must address This Global poly crisis along two simultaneous pathways
for: claim - polycrisis - two parallel interventions
claim: polycrisis can be tackled with a two pronged approach
the Catholics are much more straightforward about these things they to everything so you know chimpanzees for instance according to Catholic dogma chimpanzees don't have souls when they die they 00:06:36 don't go to chimpanzee heaven or chimpanzee hell they just disappear now where are Neals in this scheme and if you think about this kid whose mother is a sapiens but whose father is a 00:06:49 neandertal so only his mother has a soul but his father doesn't have a soul and what does it mean about the kid does the kid have half a soul and if you say okay okay okay okay neander had Souls then 00:07:02 you go back a couple of million years and you have the same problem with the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees again you have a family a mother one child is the ancestor of 00:07:16 chimpanzees the other child is the an is our ancestor so one child has a soul and the other child doesn't have a soul
for: question - Catholic church claim - humans have a souls but other creatures do not
comment
The presence of such features can beoutright dangerous if a web application is used for controlling a medical system or a nuclear plant.
Untrue. It is not the presence of these things that "can be outright dangerous". If the programmer is reckless—doing things he or she shouldn't be—then certainly things can get dangerous. But it's a basic responsibility of the programmer not to be reckless.
seeking to exonerate people who participated in the Jan. 6, 2021, siege of the U.S. Capitol as civic-minded people who were being politically persecuted
there is a struggle now 00:12:59 to in this sense at least save our souls and Minds from from this destruction I try to wage this struggle in in my own mind I think we shouldn't allow Kamas to 00:13:13 win the war on our souls um it's impossible at this moment to expect psychologically Israelis to again be with anything except their pain 00:13:27 but I think it is and this is one of the reasons I'm speaking both here and in Israel to avoid falling into hamas's Trum and doing things that will ruin any 00:13:41 chance for for peace uh for generations to come this is we shouldn't allow this to happen so and talking about hamas's trap
for: claim, claim - Hamas strategy, Hamas's trap
claim
I'm going to kind of give you my 00:04:56 take on what I believe to have been the natural history of or what I believe is the natural history of awareness a sort of a sequence of innovations that occurred that facilitated the appearance 00:05:09 of consciousness on Earth
In response to this problem, we might want to develop something like a reading ethics that is not themoralized imperative about reading all the things but a productive practice for how we read, especiallytexts that are academic or philosophic in nature.
Ah yes, because Ethics always solves what morals cannot...
we read in a linearfashion that allows the author of a written work to set the pace
Do we though? I think it's interesting that the author would begin introducing their arguement by making a reference to "ADHD-prone kids" then proceed to make a claim about how they read.
the nonmate-rial domain is located most profoundly in symbolic relationships wheresigns accrue meaning by reference to other signs
it could be a few months away
AI could manipulate or figure out a way to kill humans your 10 years time will be hiding from the machines if you don't have kids maybe wait a number of years 00:01:43 just so that we have a bit of certainty
it is beyond an emergency it's the biggest thing we need to do today it's bigger than climate change that the former Chief business Officer 00:01:04 of Google X an AI expert and best-selling author he's on a mission to save the world from AI before it's too late
they feel emotions they're alive
framework for making claims with evidence. The simplest of which, which is what I use, is Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER). Students are taught to state their claim (The theme of the story is X), support it with evidence (Readers can infer this through the story's plot, particularly...), and explain their reasoning (Because the character's action result in X, ...) Another great framework is The Writing Revolution/The Hochman Method's "single paragraph outline". Students need to be taught that these are the units of thought -- the most basic forms of an argument. And, even before this, they need to know that a sentence is the form of an idea.
Results showed a range of KC activities in students’ SA.Across courses, interpretation was the most common KC activity(40%), followed by elaboration (20%
Main finding and basis for claim because these data support improved knowledge construction.
**Use Page Notes to add annotation guidance.
INSTRUCTIONS - Make 5 new annotations using the prompts below and respond to 3 others. Use text, hashtags, emojis, and G-rated language. Be respectful always.
PROMPTS - Annotate the text for each of the following: 1. Main claim, and why you think so. 2. Evidence that supports the claim and what additional information would make the evidence stronger. 3. Reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim (or if it's missing). 4. Something new or surprising you learned from this paper. 5. What could be the researchers' next experiment?
our plan was not thought through in context of the time needed, our industrial capacity, and our ability to supply the raw materials needed. 00:09:04 And so a new plan is needed and a new paradigm is needed.
!- key claim : our current plan was not well thought through and we need a new plan
A recent study on the historic development of energy consumption in the Norwegian dwelling stock (Sandberg et al. 2011), based on the building stock model developed in the work of Bergsdal and colleagues (2007), showed that direct energy consumption doubled between 1960 and 1995 and has remained rather constant at about 45 terawatt-hours per year (TWh/yr) since. Using the Norwegian electricity mix, Sandberg and colleagues (2011) found a significant decrease of the sectoral carbon footprint of about 40% mainly due to the phasing out of oil and coal as heating fuels.
Evidence to claim 1
Despite an expected population growth of almost 50% between 2000 and 2050, sectoral carbon emissions in that period may drop between 30% and 40% for scenarios where the stock is completely transformed by either reconstruction or renovation to the passive house standard. Due to its lower upstream impact, renovation leads to a lower sectoral carbon footprint than reconstruction.
Claim 1: There are evolving solutions to reduce the carbon foot print
Among the most famous of these victories was the Bolivian uprising against the Bechtel Corporation, the fifth largest privately-owned company in the US,[28] which had taken over the Cochabamba region’s water supply in 1999. The company raised rates by 300 percent,[29]cutting off service to people who could no longer afford water—and even prevented residents from collecting rainwater unless they obtained a legal permit
That is, US consumers purchase about 28 billion bottles of water every year
Water is a business product
About 90 percent of the world’s freshwater stocks currently remain under public control
The claim to a human right to water rests on shaky legal ground: no explicit right to water is expressed in the most relevant international treaty,4 although the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights5 issued a comment in 2002, asserting that every person has a right to “sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water”
Water is not considered to be a human right like food, shelter, and dignity are. Evidence: no explicit right to water is expressed in the international treaty
Proponents of market environmentalism in the water sector argue that water is an increasingly scarce resource, which must be priced at full economic and environmental cost if it is to be allocated to its highest-value uses, and managed profitably by private companies whose accountability to customers and shareholders is more direct and effective than attenuated political accountability exercised by citizens via political representatives
Water is seen as an economic resource and because of its scarcity is considered to be priced at full economic and environmental cost. Additionally, it is considered that it should be set aside for its highest valued users and managed by private companies for profit.
over 20% the world's population was without access to sufficient supplies of potable water necessary for basic daily needs
Claim 1: Water is no longer a human right or those without it would be able to appeal for access to water. Evidence for Claim 1
Privatisation can cause serious problems, even in developing countries, due to a lack in institutional development and to corruption.
Because of poor institutional development and excessive corruption, privatization causes serious problems
Simply converting a public sector monopoly to a private one is not a solution, especially if the profit is only in the water supply of large municipal areas and then is of interest to a TNC not present in the irrigation or water supply of dense populated areas.
Claim 2: Water distribution is a business not a human right Evidence f/ Claim 2: The privatization of water sources is in the pursuit of profits and not distribution
If you give a title to your notes, "claim notes" are simply notes with a verb. They invite you to say: "Prove it!" - "The positive impact of PKM" (not a claim) - "PKM has a positive impact in improving writer's block" (claim) A small change with positive mindset consequences
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>If you give a title to your notes, "claim notes" are simply notes with a verb.<br><br>They invite you to say: "Prove it!"<br><br>- "The positive impact of PKM" (not a claim)<br>- "PKM has a positive impact in improving writer's block" (claim)<br><br>A small change with positive mindset consequences
— Bianca Pereira | PKM Coach and Researcher (@bianca_oli_per) October 6, 2022
Bianca Pereira coins the ideas of "concept notes" versus "claim notes". Claim notes are framings similar to the theorem or claim portion of the mathematical framing of definition/theorem(claim)/proof. This set up provides the driving impetus of most of mathematics. One defines objects about which one then advances claims for which proofs are provided to make them theorems.
Framing one's notes as claims invites one to provide supporting proof for them to determine how strong they may or may not be. Otherwise, ideas may just state concepts which are far less interesting or active. What is one to do with them? They require more active work to advance or improve upon in more passive framings.
link to: - Maggie Delano's reading framing: https://hypothes.is/a/4xBvpE2TEe2ZmWfoCX_HyQ
What will your choice be?
Claim to policy
Ideally, the green and digital transitions reinforce each other. For example, distributed ledger technology, which underlies blockchain and thus cryptocurrencies, can be used in material tracing, aiding the circular economy by better maintenance and recycling.
Borger, J. (2021, October 29). Covid bioweapon claims ‘scientifically invalid’, US intelligence reports. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/29/us-intelligence-report-covid-origins
Leaders in higher education are mission-driven individuals who want what’s best for students.
The ability to create singular written works is mostly impervious to education and technical supplementation; it is overwhelmingly what we used to call gifted or God-given and today call either genetic or inspired.
CLM: The majority of the variance between individuals in terms of being able to produce novel and nontrivial insights is determined by genetic factors that are out of their control.
Hmmm the genetic argument is now extended to cover not just "being organized", but "being able to produce novel and nontrivial insights". Here I start to get more skeptical. What about skill acquisition / learning for example? Or collaboration with transformative peers? Or... mathematical notation? Or abstractions and algorithms? Why learn computational modeling, or engage in practices of field notes and memo-ing and iterative passes over data (for qualitative theory-building)?
you are unlikely to author anything very profound or forceful, so long as you are possessed by the Knowledge Graph ideology
CLM: If you believe that merely linking documents without active attempts to add structure is sufficient to generate insight, you are unlikely to generate profound or forceful insights.
most of the variance between individuals is genetic and relatively invulnerable to intervention
CLM: The majority of the variance between individuals in terms of attaining a state of order in their information/data is determined by genetic factors that are out of their control.
1970’s found that participants of the trial were more likely to complete high school than counterparts not involved in the trial. [1]
this was the 70's. we are currently in 2022, highschool dropout rates have decreased in the US without OBI
awful job just to pay the bills
that JUST LIFE. we do what we haev to
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 25). @ToddHorowitz3 @sciam do you mean the specific article is bad, or the wider claim/argument? Because as someone who does research on collective intelligence, I’d say there is some reason to believe it is true that there can be “too much” communication in science. See e.g. The work of Kevin Zollman [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1331672900550725634
Smith, J., & Duncan, P. (2022, February 3). Firms handed £1.3bn in Covid contracts claimed £1m in furlough grants. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/feb/03/dozen-uk-companies-given-vip-covid-ppe-contracts-also-claimed-furlough-grants
Argument quality and fallacies. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/argumentquality
But now that I’m a mom, I realize the importance of knowing where your children truly are at all times
This claim is a claim of policy, saying that if you are a parent, it is important to know where your child is at all times
The change is emblematic of Spielberg’s failure, because it isn’t only visual imagination and fantasy that he can’t match.
Richard Brody states that he is the only person right in this sentence to make it apparent and what the movie was lacking.
But, instead of reconceiving the story, they’ve shored it up with flimsy new struts of sociology and psychology, along with slight dramatic rearrangements.
Here the writer is stating that the remake of the movie was "flimsy." This is a claim of value because the writer is stating that the movie is bad.
these covid concentration camps are going to be ramped up into extermination / death camps
Argument by assertion fallacy and claim of fact: Repeating the claim again and again, does not make it true.
the government is literally waging a war of extermination against the American people.
Claim of fact, slippery slope: Leaping to the conclusion that the government wants to exterminate the entire human race, based on the fact that health officers are allowed to quarantine people?
WAC 246-100, which would authorize “health officers” (Democrat vaccine Gestapo) to kidnap anyone at gunpoint and throw them into covid concentration camps which have already been activated.
Straw man fallacy, claim of fact: WAC 246-100 is a bill stating that health officers may order people to quarantine when a COVID-19 infection is suspected. The bill never mentions anything about kidnapping or "covid concentration camps". In fact, you can verify this by clicking on the hyperlink provided in this very article.
Democrats have built death camps in America
Argument by assertion fallacy and claim of fact: Restating this claim once again.
covid concentration camps are actually politically-motivated death camps
Argument by assertion fallacy and claim of fact: The article has repeated this claim multiple times.
Tablets can cause damage to your eyes.
Type of Claim: Claim of Fact
The author states that tablets can cause damage to one's eyes as a true fact without any evidence.
Staff Writer
Argument Structure: Classical Orientation
The author uses classical orientation in his article to prove to his audience how his views are correct, and anyone who thinks differently is wrong. The argument is week because it is missing a statement of background, a refutation and a proposition. Without these key elements in Pecoraro's essay, the readers are less likely to be persuaded to join in agreement with him. Without those crucial steps, the readers doubt that Pecoraro knows a lot about the topic at hand. The reader also feels like the author is biased when there is no refutation. The author doesn't even acknowledge there is issues with his opinion. This article is also missing a lot of evidence. The author in each body paragraph practically just states a claim, and then gives his reasoning. Typically not with evidence which also loses his audience's trust. The author lacks pathos, making his audience not persuaded by his essay.
Type of Claim:Implicit
The author never directly says his issue with tablets, he just says in several different ways why textbooks are better.
I feel that textbooks are much better than tablets because textbooks are irreplaceable.
Type of Claim: Claim of Value
Author is arguing in this claim textbooks are good by saying they are better than tablets.By labeling something as better, typically means the person believes that item is good
It’s much cheaper to replace a textbook than a tablet.
Type of Claim: Claim of Fact
Author claims textbooks are cheaper than tablets without any proof.
Textbooks are strong and hard to break
Type of Claim: Claim of Fact
Author states the sturdiness of textbooks without any evidence backing it up.
hen rights are consistently denied, a cause should be pressed in the courts and in negotiations among local leaders, and not in the streets
(Toulmin method) Assumptions: Legal action will result in "correct" or just rulings. People can wait for courts to decide justice
We do not believe that these days of new hope are days when extreme measures are justified in Birmingham
Claim of value
these demonstrations are unwise and untimely.
Claim of value
When rights are consistently denied, a cause should be pressed in the courts and in negotiations among local leaders, and not in the streets
(Toulmin Model) Assumptions: Legal actions will result in "correct" or just rulings. People can wait for the courts to decide justice.
This is because using hyphens instead of underscores makes it easier for Google’s web crawler to compute the information that your website has and create consistent results.
Hillson, K., Clemens, S. C., Madhi, S. A., Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., & Minassian, A. M. (2021). Fertility rates and birth outcomes after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccination. The Lancet, 398(10312), 1683–1684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02282-0
Epstein, Z., Sirlin, N., Arechar, A. A., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2021). Social Media Sharing Reduces Truth Discernment. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q4bd2
Globalization has played a huge role in the fashion industry; in fact, the rapid change in this industry is arguably among the most significant effects of globalization. As a result of globalization, the fashion industry has opened up to a variety of new styles, influences, and methods of production
Here, the author is making a clear claim - globalization and the fast fashion industry go hand in hand. Ledezma initiates this by introducing the idea of fast fashion and globalization through the realization of readily available fashion trends all across American malls. This is effective in making this connection clear for any audience members that are oblivious to the effects globalization has had on the fashion industry. By starting the article this way, Ledezma is able to quickly educate the reader on the topic she will be discussing. It might be eye opening for some readers that globalization has caused a negative shift on the fashion industry.
Lee, B. Y. (n.d.). Graphene Oxide In Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccines? Here Are The Latest Unsupported Claims. Forbes. Retrieved 25 October 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2021/07/10/graphene-oxide-in-pfizer-covid-19-vaccines-here-are-the-latest-unsupported-claims/
McIntyre, N. (2021, October 21). Group that spread false Covid claims doubled Facebook interactions in six months. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/oct/21/group-that-spread-false-covid-claims-doubled-facebook-interactions-in-six-months
Schraer, R., & Morrison, N. (2021, October 12). Covid: Misleading vaccine claims target children and parents. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-58783711
COVIDGlobal Misinformation Dashboard 2020-21. (n.d.). Google Data Studio. Retrieved August 19, 2021, from http://datastudio.google.com/reporting/87b00158-5589-4154-a81b-c17cdb0d0d19/page/Kn2IB?feature=opengraph
Full Fact on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 20 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/FullFact/status/1439197512741658627
But it is always important to remember that those are not language concepts. Those are community concepts that only exist in our heads and in the names of some library methods.
I'm not sure about this.
I get what he's saying and agree that singleton methods are nothing but a naming convention for the more fundamental/atomic construct called instance methods (which indeed are the only kind of method that exist in Ruby, depending how you look at it),
but I think I would actually say that
singleton methods are language concepts because those methods like Object#define_singleton_method, ... are always available in Ruby (without needing to require a standard library first, for example). In other words, I would argue that something belonging in the Ruby core "library" (?) by definition makes it part of the language -- even if it in turn builds on even lower-level Ruby language features/constructs.
There is a huge explanation about why the dot is important quoting issues about DNS and character encoding
It doesn't seem like the dot, in this context, would have anything to do with/help with either DNS or character encoding
But I realized after a lot of research that the problem was that I did not copy the right URL address from the iTunes API documentation. It should have been https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=jack+johnson. not https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=jack+johnson Notice the dot at the end There is a huge explanation about why the dot is important quoting issues about DNS and character encoding but the truth is you probably do not care. Try adding the dot it might work for you too. When I added the "." everything worked like a charm.
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, August 6). RT @MDaware: NYT FTW https://t.co/8Mql3XCweH [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1424466006194352134
Covid-19 pandemic was not planned by Rockefeller Foundation. (16:48:50.595211+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-pandemic-was-not-planned-rockefeller-foundation/
Ontbinding arbeidsovereenkomst
Ontbinding arbeidsovereenkomst
Li, X., Ostropolets, A., Makadia, R., Shoaibi, A., Rao, G., Sena, A. G., Martinez-Hernandez, E., Delmestri, A., Verhamme, K., Rijnbeek, P. R., Duarte-Salles, T., Suchard, M. A., Ryan, P. B., Hripcsak, G., & Prieto-Alhambra, D. (2021). Characterising the background incidence rates of adverse events of special interest for covid-19 vaccines in eight countries: Multinational network cohort study. BMJ, 373, n1435. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1435
Neil O’Brien MP. (2021, January 14). I may... Convene a public inquiry of my own. The experts I’ll invite to sit on the panel won’t be the usual hacks with an axe to grind... They’ll be [like] Sunetra Gupta, the Oxford epidemiologist who believes we may have achieved herd immunity already" Spectator, 25 July [Tweet]. @NeilDotObrien. https://twitter.com/NeilDotObrien/status/1349701118700507137
In some cases empty can be the simplest replacement for TCL/expect or other similar programming tools because empty:
But there ARE invincibility frames. 0.5 seconds.
definitely less rough to work with than Devise
In both cases, genetic analyses confirmedthat the nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA of themonkey offspring originated from the nucleus donorcell and the oocyte donor monkey, respectively.Thus, cloning macaque monkeys by SCNT is feasibleusing fetal fibroblasts.
Answers the question of whether using SCNT to clone monkeys is possible. They back up this claim using their findings from genetic analyses.
Circumstances varied from the state to state, but the dynamics were the same: first came biracial agrarian rebellion, then new constitutions, new restrictions, and a new equilibrium of white elite dominance over land, labor and capital.
The author develops his final claim which is that after the Lodge Bill was dropped, many counties/states started to face similar problems, which ended as a result favoring the whites dominance. As a result, the author is stating that the filibustering of the Lodge's bill delayed the justice for African Americans and continued White segregationist policies.
This is the story of how a bill to save the vote and preserve a semblance of democracy for millions of Americans died at the hands of an intransigent, reactionary minority in the Senate, which used the filibuster to do its dirty work
The author starts off by personifying "the bill" as something that was supposed to save millions of Americans, but rather was killed by Senators. He immediately provides a brief overview of the claim of his essay before developing his narrative. This way, the audience gets a glimpse of the issue that the author will tackle. Also, by using words such as "intransigent and reactionary", the audience already understands that the author is going to be criticizing the senators for their action.
Devoted to Trump, and committed to his fictions about the election, Republicans are doing everything they can to keep voters from holding them and their leaders accountable. They will restrict the vote. They will continue to gerrymander themselves into near-permanent majorities. A Republican in Arizona has even proposed a legislative veto over the popular vote in presidential elections
The author starts the paragraph by explaining the Republicans as people who are "devoted to Trump". This makes it seem as Trump were god and everyone has to follow his orders. It gives both a humorous appeal to the audience and illustrates to them the sly techniques that the Republicans are using to escape from punishment. Furthermore, when the author said that the Republicans were ready to propose a veto against the popular vote, it was very ironic. As senators, they are supposed to give constitutional rights to the citizens, but rather they are taking it away for their own purpose. This further emphasizes the extent at which Republicans do not want to lose power to the Democrats.
naked attempt to change the rules of American politics to benefit one party”
The previous paragraph emphasizes the benefits of the HR.1 and how it specifically helped restore the voting system. However, in this paragraph, McConell exclaims that it is a vague attempt to benefit one party even though the Act was created to benefit the public. This illustrates to the readers the misuse of power by republican senators, which is one of the author's main points.
— and not to lose the next presidential election the way they lost the last one. To that end, they have introduced bills to restrict the vote, to make the race for the Electoral College — a
The author uses multiple dashes in this paragraph to show the different ways that the republicans will go to stop the Democrats from gaining power. The dashes emphasizes the extent at which republicans are willing to restrict votes. Without the dashes, it would simply sound as an example of what Republicans are doing, but the dashes creates a pause and further emphasis. Also, from John Lewis, the claim shifted to the extreme techniques that Republicans are using to stop Democratic power from taking over.
consider when a manager tells em-ployees that they must do a task in a certain waybecause it is so specified in the union’s collectiveagreement, but the manager has no idea whetherthis specification in the collective agreementactually exists or not. In this case, the manager isconsciously bullshitting. They are not lying,because they do not know whether the task isactually specified in the collective agreement.
This is true and unethical; One cannot work on an intellectually sound level by guessing that there is ground to stand on.
Our system has room for two major political parties. One of them, however imperfectly, at least attempts to govern. The other has devoted its energy to entertainment. It is a tragedy for the people of Texas that at this moment of danger, they have to deal with a government of showmen.
The author finishes by once again restating his claim on explaining how the Republicans and some officials fail to fix the problem but rather creates more mistakes and arguments. The author developed his claim throughout the essay by adding contents to his argument as the essay goes on. For example, in here, he added the information about the Democrats to attribute that he recognizes their effort. Also, through the many examples that he provided, it makes the audience see the different ways that these officials have avoided conflict and brought up irrelevant information instead.
In his Inaugural Address, President Biden urged “unity.” This wasn’t a call for bipartisanship. It was a plea to “lower the temperature” and to “see each other not as adversaries but as neighbors.”
Biden is a democrat. For most of the essay, the author was looking on the republican side of the topic and addresses Democrats to show the audience that he understands that the Democrats are trying hard but their effort would not be enough unless everyone participates. I learned from the They Say, I say that it is important for a person to visualize both sides of the argument to make an argument of their own. They Say I Say book
(h) Knowingly committing or performing with such frequency as to indicate a general business practice any of the following unfair claims settlement practices:
(g) No insurer shall attempt to settle a claim by making a settlement offer that is unreasonably low. The Commissioner shall consider any admissible evidence offered regarding the following factors in determining whether or not a settlement offer is unreasonably low:
unreasonably low
(b) Upon receiving proof of claim, every insurer, except as specified in subsection 2695.7(b)(4) below, shall immediately, but in no event more than forty (40) calendar days later, accept or deny the claim, in whole or in part. The amounts accepted or denied shall be clearly documented in the claim file unless the claim has been denied in its entirety.
40 day time limit
(2) if requested by the claimant, promptly provide the claimant with the name of at least one repair individual or entity that will make the repairs for the amount of the written estimate. The insurer shall cause the damaged property to be restored to no less than its condition prior to the loss and which will allow for repairs in a manner which meets accepted trade standards for good and workmanlike construction at no additional cost to the claimant other than as stated in the policy or as otherwise allowed by these regulations; or,
2695.9(d)(2) If requested
(3) reasonably adjust any written estimates prepared by the repair individual or entity of the insured's choice and provide a copy of the adjusted estimate to the claimant.
2695.9(d)(3) Reasonably adjust
(1) pay the difference between its written estimate and a higher estimate obtained by the claimant; or,
2695.9(d)(1) pay the difference
Where an insurer denies or rejects a first party claim, in whole or in part, it shall do so in writing and shall provide to the claimant a statement listing all bases for such rejection or denial and the factual and legal bases for each reason given for such rejection or denial which is then within the insurer's knowledge. Where an insurer's denial of a first party claim, in whole or in part, is based on a specific statute, applicable law or policy provision, condition or exclusion, the written denial shall include reference thereto and provide an explanation of the application of the statute, applicable law or provision, condition or exclusion to the claim. Every insurer that denies or rejects a third party claim, in whole or in part, or disputes liability or damages shall do so in writing.
Cited in Farmers claim letter
Section 2695.9. Additional Standards Applicable to First Party Residential and Commercial Property Insurance Policies (a) When a residential or commercial property insurance policy provides for the adjustment and settlement of first party losses based on replacement cost, the following standards apply:
Floor refinishing - Base regulation.
(2) When a loss requires replacement of items and the replaced items do not match in quality, color or size, the insurer shall replace all items in the damaged area so as to conform to a reasonably uniform appearance.
Floor refinishing - uniform appearance
(1) pay the difference between its written estimate and a higher estimate obtained by the claimant; or, (2) if requested by the claimant, promptly provide the claimant with the name of at least one repair individual or entity that will make the repairs for the amount of the written estimate. The insurer shall cause the damaged property to be restored to no less than its condition prior to the loss and which will allow for repairs in a manner which meets accepted trade standards for good and workmanlike construction at no additional cost to the claimant other than as stated in the policy or as otherwise allowed by these regulations; or, (3) reasonably adjust any written estimates prepared by the repair individual or entity of the insured's choice and provide a copy of the adjusted estimate to the claimant.
Farmers choice on submission of claim
(b) No insurer shall require that the insured have the property repaired by a specific individual or entity. (c) No insurer shall suggest or recommend that the insured have the property repaired by a specific individual or entity unless: (1) the referral is expressly requested by the claimant; or (2) the claimant has been informed in writing of the right to select a repair individual or entity and, if the claimant accepts the suggestion or recommendation, the insurer shall cause the damaged property to be restored to no less than its condition prior to the loss and repaired in a manner which meets accepted trade standards for good and workmanlike construction at no additional cost to the claimant other than as stated in the policy or as otherwise allowed by these regulations.
Shall note require Service Master
I just died a little bit inside when I felt reactivity was being marketed in the same unsubstantiated way.
Prof Fiona Fidler | Collaborative assessment for trustworthy science: The repliCATS project. (2020, July 27). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhDKzEsPouI&feature=youtu.be
Aside from being an implementation nightmare, I think the proposal in this RFC is strictly better than props-in-style — it gives you the same expressive power in a neater, more idiomatic way, along with the global theming ability.
Lewis, T. (n.d.). Nine COVID-19 Myths That Just Won’t Go Away. Scientific American. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nine-covid-19-myths-that-just-wont-go-away/
Gratton, C., Gagnon-St-Pierre, É., & Markovits, H. (2020). When forewarned is not forearmed: The paradoxical effect of single warnings attached to repeated fake news [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h5cxp
Kiely, E., McDonald, J., Gore, D., Robertson, L., & Rieder, R. (2020, July 20). FactChecking Trump’s “Fox News Sunday” Interview. FactCheck.Org. https://www.factcheck.org/2020/07/factchecking-trumps-fox-news-sunday-interview/
Washington, D. of C. 1100 C. A. N. S. 1300B, & Dc 20036. (n.d.). PolitiFact - Fact-checking ‘Plandemic 2’: Another video full of conspiracy theories about COVID-19. @politifact. Retrieved August 27, 2020, from https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/aug/18/fact-checking-plandemic-2-video-recycles-inaccurat/
OK is technically an acronym. It comes from the phrase "oll korrect," a humorous alteration of "all correct."
Was "oll korrect" intended to be a humorous alteration of "all correct" or is it simply due to variations in language? (korrect looks a bit like German. What language could oll be?
Visualizing is not the only way to imagine.
Strong point. Very interesting to be because not visualization doesn't mean non-imaginative. Are they talking from experience or is there evidence to back them up?
Bergstrom, C. T. (2020, June 14). "1. Another day, another blog post of #COVID19 misinformation making the rounds." Twitter. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1272007583222513664
In some contexts, "ops" refers to operators. Operators were the counterparts to Developers represented in the original coining of the term DevOps.
I have always believed the Ops was short for Operations, not Operators.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps even confirms that belief.
quantum blockchain
Do they really use a quantum blockchain? What exactly do they mean by that? Probably just a buzzword they're using to attract interest but aren't actually meaning literally.
Did the marketing team create a new landing page that isn't searchable? Osano is aware of hidden pages and keeps you in the loop about what is loaded where – everywhere on your site.
How would it "know" about hidden pages unless the site owner told them about their existence? (And if that is the case, how is this anything that Osano can claim as a feature or something that they do?) If it is truly hidden, then a conventional bot/spider wouldn't find it by following links.
Most web browsers are set by default to protect your privacy unless you opt for tracking yourself. For example, Internet Explorer automatically enables its “Do Not Track” option and Google Chrome blocks any 3rd-party cookies by default.
Taxonomy, in a broad sense the science of classification, but more strictly the classification of living and extinct organisms—i.e., biological classification.
I don't think the "but more strictly" part is strictly accurate.
Wikipedia authors confirm what I already believed to be true: that the general sense of the word is just as valid/extant/used/common as the sense that is specific to biology:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(general) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)
after nearly 10 years of continuous improvement
Not necessarily a good or favorable thing. It might actually be preferable to pick a younger software product that doesn't have the baggage of previous architectural decisions to slow them down. Newer projects can benefit from both (1) the mistakes of previously-originated projects and (2) the knowledge of what technologies/paradigms are popular today; they may therefore be more agile and better able to create something that fits with the current state of the art, as opposite to the state of the art from 10 years ago (which, as we all know, was much different: before the popularity of GraphQL, React, headless CMS, for example).
Older projects may have more technical debt and have more legacy technologies/paradigms/integrations/decisions that they now have the burden of supporting.
open source
So open-source that there is no link to the source code and a web search for this product did not reveal where the source code is hosted.
They're obviously using this term merely as a marketing term without respect for the actual meaning/principles of open source.
A complete snapshot of the user’s browser window at that moment in time will be captured, pixel by pixel (!)
Neither encryption nor pseudonymisation require technical knowledge to implement.
I'm really tired with mozilla,everything good about them is going away,I don't think they are security or privacy focused anymore and waterfox is a nice alternative to firefox.
This difference is due to the fact that the Cookie Solution automatically excludes from the counting, the pageviews generated by bots.
It seems that Google Analytics could/would exclude those as well.
Advertisements are often injected with malware.
a complete snapshot of the user's browser window at that moment in time will be captured, pixel by pixel.
Is this even technically possible?
If it were:
Super flexible & extensible SilverStripe fits the outcomes you want, and doesn't force your business outcomes into an out-of-the-box solution. Customise to your needs!
Flatpak is the best application distribution mechanism for Linux.
Put more directly what you are really saying is that you claim the right to be unhappy – Alright, I claim the right to be unhappy
The use of the phrase "claim the right to be unhappy" here is most indicative of the type of culture that the film created. Emotions are no longer inherent or natural, they are something you must claim or fight for. To have "the right" to something inherently means that it is not simply given. It makes the issue one of possession rather than oppression. It's not that the new society is oppressing the emotions, but rather that they are no longer claiming/possessing them.
When Russian forces delivered Asam al Alasam, the ISIS Supreme Leader in Iraq, to the American airbase as promised, he had an item with him they did not expect. Al Alasam had a nearly new, unlocked iPhone X. The phone was unscrambled and not secure at all, so it was believed to be a personal and family use phone. Still, the army chief engineer wanted it looked at. After nearly six weeks of unblocking text and manipulating code, they found a hidden phone list with direct numbers to some of the most powerful men on the planet. Al Alasam had Barack Obama, Justin Trudeau, Malcolm Reynolds, Sandy Batt AND President Dale Goff all on speed dial. Just knowing Sandy Batt is a crime in Russia.
s the late Brian Southam has noted, Austen benefited personally from thisimportant educational development through her access to an extraordinarilybroad range of literature from a very young age.8By the time she came topublish her novels, the benefits of this advance in education were being felt inan unparalleled expansion and sophistication of literary culture.
Here, the author ties Austen's education in with her expectations of her readership.
Austen’s expectation of readerly ingenuity is ultimately what sets her apartfrom other novelists of the Romantic period. As generations of critics havefound, Austen’s work is deliberately, at times even maddeningly, puzzling toreaders.
The author claims that Austen has high expectations of "readerly ingenuity." I am not sure that the evidence here from a mystery writer quite supports the claim. I would have preferred that Murphy perform a close reading of a passage that is "deliberately, at times even maddeningly, puzzling to readers" to demonstrate her point here.
The reason all these people believe the Great Barrier Reef is dying is because they all get their fake news from the same green-left-liberal echo chamber
test
Right now, the shelf works like a giant bottle-stopper that slows down ice trying to flow from the land into the sea. If it collapses, the ice could flow into the ocean more rapidly, an effect that has already happened on a much smaller scale in other areas of Antarctica. The most vulnerable parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet could raise the sea level by 10 to 15 feet, inundating many of the world’s coastal cities, though most scientists think that would take well over a century, or perhaps longer. They are worried about a possible rise of as much as six feet by the end of this century.
The warmer water seems to be doing the most damage to a series of glaciers that flow into a region of West Antarctica called the Amundsen Sea. Satellites have identified the most rapid loss of ice there, raising a critical question: Has an unstoppable collapse of the ice sheet already begun?
But the story is not straightforward, and the warmer water attacking the ice has not been linked to global warming — at least not directly. The winds around the continent seem to be strengthening, stirring the ocean and bringing up a layer of warmer water that has most likely been there for centuries. Are those stronger winds tied to human-caused global warming? Some scientists think so, but others say the case is unproven. “We’re not sure because we don’t have enough data, for long enough, to separate signal from noise,” said Eric J. Steig, a scientist at the University of Washington who has studied temperature trends in Antarctica.
The acceleration is making some scientists fear that Antarctica’s ice sheet may have entered the early stages of an unstoppable disintegration. Because the collapse of vulnerable parts of the ice sheet could raise the sea level dramatically, the continued existence of the world’s great coastal cities — Miami, New York, Shanghai and many more — is tied to Antarctica’s fate.
Already, scientists know enough to be concerned. About 120,000 years ago, before the last ice age, the planet went through a natural warm period, with temperatures similar to those expected in coming decades. The sea level was 20 to 30 feet higher than it is today, implying that the ice sheets in both Greenland and Antarctica must have partly disintegrated, a warning of what could occur in the relatively near future if the heating of the planet continues unchecked.
Though the role of global warming is unclear now, it is likely to be a factor in the relatively near future. Many experts think warmer air temperatures could start to weaken the ice of West Antarctica from above, even as warmer ocean water attacks it from below. The warmer water seems to be doing the most damage to a series of glaciers that flow into a region of West Antarctica called the Amundsen Sea. Satellites have identified the most rapid loss of ice there, raising a critical question: Has an unstoppable collapse of the ice sheet already begun?
But the story is not straightforward, and the warmer water attacking the ice has not been linked to global warming — at least not directly. The winds around the continent seem to be strengthening, stirring the ocean and bringing up a layer of warmer water that has most likely been there for centuries. Are those stronger winds tied to human-caused global warming? Some scientists think so, but others say the case is unproven. “We’re not sure because we don’t have enough data, for long enough, to separate signal from noise,” said Eric J. Steig, a scientist at the University of Washington who has studied temperature trends in Antarctica.
Incorporating recent advances in the understanding of how ice sheets might break apart, they found that both West Antarctica and some vulnerable parts of East Antarctica would go into an unstoppable collapse if the Earth continued to warm at a rapid pace. In their worst-case scenario, the sea level could rise by six feet by the end of this century, and the pace could pick up drastically in the 22nd century. Dr. DeConto and Dr. Pollard do not claim that this is a certainty — they acknowledge that their analysis is still rough — but they argue that the possibility should be taken seriously.
Remote as Antarctica may seem, every person in the world who gets into a car, eats a steak or boards an airplane is contributing to the emissions that put the frozen continent at risk. If those emissions continue unchecked and the world is allowed to heat up enough, scientists have no doubt that large parts of Antarctica will melt into the sea. But they do not know exactly what the trigger temperature might be, or whether the recent acceleration of the ice means that Earth has already reached it.
Recent computer forecasts suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue at a high level, parts of Antarctica could break up rapidly, causing the ocean to rise six feet or more by the end of this century. That is double the maximum increase that an international climate panel projected only four years ago. But those computer forecasts were described as crude even by the researchers who created them. “We could be decades too fast, or decades too slow,” said one of them, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. “There are still some really big question marks about the trajectory of future climate around Antarctica.”
The acceleration is making some scientists fear that Antarctica’s ice sheet may have entered the early stages of an unstoppable disintegration. Because the collapse of vulnerable parts of the ice sheet could raise the sea level dramatically, the continued existence of the world’s great coastal cities — Miami, New York, Shanghai and many more — is tied to Antarctica’s fate.
Severe coral bleaching has ravaged two-thirds of the Great Barrier Reef off Australia's northeastern coast