- Jul 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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He misses the point of wisdom. Wisdom is about mindset and uplifting each other, to care and empathize... It's not about objective correctness; truth or false, this is science... Nor is it about the correctness of living life, that is ethics and morality...
Wisdom is thus about mindset and empathy.
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- Nov 2023
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Local file Local file
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he also demonstrated unfailing empathy andgenuine commitment to their progress.
this is a good start at a definition of teaching
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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for: empathy, self other dualism, symbolosphere, Deep Humanity, DH, othering, What is it like to be a bat?, Thomas Nagel, ingroup outgroup
- title: What is it Like to be a Bat?
- author: Thomas Nagel
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date: Oct 1974
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comment
- Forget about what it's like to be a bat, what's it like to be another human!
- This is a paper that can deepen our understanding of what it means to be empathetic and also its opposite, what it means to participate in othering. In the fragmented , polarized world we live in, these are very important explorations.
- Insofar as the open source Deep Humanity praxis is focused on exploring the depths of our humanity to help facilitate the great transition through the meaning / meta / poly crisis embroiling humanity, knowing what the "other" means is very salient.
NOTE - references - for references to any words used in this annotation which you don't understand, please use the tool in the following link to search all of Stop Reset Go's annotations. Chances are that any words you do not understand are explored in our other annotations. Go to the link below and type the word in the "ANY" field to find the annotator's contextual understanding, salience and use of any words used here
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- Oct 2023
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peacemakers.beehiiv.com peacemakers.beehiiv.com
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Because if we do not work on our humanity, our humanity will work on us.
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for: Deep Humanity, self-other dualism, othering, transformative empathy
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comment
- Humanity is insufficient to deal with the escalating violence in so many situations of modernity
- Why not?
- Because the self / other dualism is so strong that othering has become stubbornly habitual
- To break through a lifetime of othering requires reaching a profound level of empathy , transformative empathy that disrupts the powerful social narratives constructed by powerful traumatized and alienated sides of a conflict that support and reify othering
- a universal and open Deep Humanity is required to break the stranglehold of the social narrative of othering
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- Jan 2023
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impedagogy.com impedagogy.com
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The Logics of Caring
Is this caring the same as empathy? Reply as you read. I will do the same.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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what i want you to do is to now imagine somebody whose body you would like to have 00:28:23 as your own either for a few minutes or maybe long term i'm not going to ask you why you want that body i don't want to get that deep into your psyche and that might be very personal um 00:28:35 but i'll tell you whose body i'd like to have and for how long just to give you a warm-up feel for this i really would like to have usain bolt's body of a few years ago for 9.6 seconds 00:28:47 because i would love to know what it feels like to run 100 meters that fast now when i form that does i think it's a coherent desire how do i why do i think that because i really do desire it i would love it i'd pay a lot of money to 00:28:59 do that um but what i don't want is to be usain bolt because usain bolt is already the same bolt and that doesn't do me any good um what i want is to be me 00:29:12 j with usain bolt's body so i can know what it feels like to run really really fast now i'm not claiming that this is a coherent desire i'm not claiming that it's 00:29:24 possible for me to remain jay and have usain bolt's body but i am claiming that i can desire it and if you are anything like me for some body or other you can desire to 00:29:36 have it for some time or other if you can form that desire then you in deep in your gut don't believe that you are your body you believe that you have a body and that 00:29:48 you might have a different body just like you might have a different hat or a different cat and if you believe that then you really do believe that whatever you are you are not your body 00:30:01 now you might think well that's obviously true i've never thought i was my body um but maybe on my mind i don't think you really believe that either and i want to do the same thought 00:30:13 experiment to convince you of that now i want you to think about somebody's mind that you'd really like to have maybe not for a long time maybe only for a few minutes um i'll tell you mine again i'm really 00:30:25 big and divulging you know hyper sharing over sharing personal secrets um i would really love to have stephen hawking's mind when he was still alive of course not now um and i'd like to have it only for about five or ten 00:30:36 minutes because what i would really like is to be able to really understand quantum gravity and i can't really understand it but if i had stephen hawking's mind for a few minutes then i could understand it now i obviously 00:30:48 don't want to be stephen hawking for one thing he's dead for another thing he was already stephen hawking and it didn't do me a damn bit of good what i want is to be me jay with his mind so that i can 00:31:00 use it to understand quantum gravity um i think that'd be really cool again i'm not claiming this is coherent i'm not claiming that it's possible but i am claiming that it's a 00:31:11 psychologically possible state to be in to crave somebody else's mind and if you like me can form that desire then you like me deep in your gut do not believe that you are your mind 00:31:25 you believe that you're something that has a mind just like you have a body um and that you possessed that mind and you could still be you with another mind and another body i mean just imagine having 00:31:37 the same bolts body in stephen hawking's mind that would be totally cool then i could understand quantum gravity while setting a new record for the 100 meter sprint um but that's not going to happen alas 00:31:50 um the moral of these experiments um takes us right back to chandragiri serpent i think the moral of these experiments is that deep down at an atavistic gut 00:32:02 level we believe that we are something that stands behind our minds and our bodies that thing is the self the thing that is not the mind in the body but possesses the mind in the body that's the thing 00:32:14 that sean decurity identifies as the serpent in the wall our arguments are going to be aimed at that not at our bodies not as our minds not as our personal identities they're 00:32:27 going to be aimed at that self that we really atavistically believe stands behind all of those that's the illusion that's the thing that causes us to be incompetent morally that causes us to be 00:32:41 confused about our own identities and to be confused about our role and our place in the world
!- BEing journey Gedanken : imagine yourself to have different body, different mind - if you can imagine this, then you believe you ARE NOT the body or mind, but the SELF that HAS the body or mind - examples of imagining having another mind or body: what would it be like to be there mind of wife? My husband? My child? My friend? My enemy? My dog? My cat? A bat ( Thomas Hagel)? Isn't this imagination salient for empathising? To imagine being another person, don't we need to imagine being in their mind and body to imagined experiencing like they do?
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- Oct 2022
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eduq.info eduq.info
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générer des résultats d’apprentissage significatif sous la formed’empathie en utilisant un jeu vidéo basé sur le divertissement, Never Alone (Kisima Inŋitchuŋa)(Upper One Games, 2015), dans le cours « Interactions and Cultural Communities » /« Interactions et communautés culturelles » (351-CC1-AS) du programme de Techniquesd’éducation spécialisée
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- Jun 2022
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really listening to others might be an act of irrational generosity. People will eat up your attention; it could be hours or years before they ever turn the same attention back on you. Sometimes, joyfully, your listening will yield something new, deliver them somewhere. Sometimes, the person will respond with generosity of their own, and the reciprocity will be powerful. But often, nothing.
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Brains learn from other brains, and listening well is the simplest way to draw a thread, open a channel
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Rogers held that the basic challenge of listening is this: consciousnesses are isolated from one another, and there are thickets of cognitive noise between them. Cutting through the noise requires effort. Listening well ‘requires that we get inside the speaker, that we grasp, from his point of view, just what it is he is communicating to us.’ This empathic leap is a real effort. It is much easier to judge another’s point of view, analyse it, categorise it. But to put it on, like a mental costume, is very hard.
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Bad listening signals to the people around you that you don’t care about them
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- May 2022
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bigthink.com bigthink.com
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Stephen Downes commented on this post:
According to the authors, "there are skills that AI cannot master: strategy, creativity, empathy-based social skills, and dexterity." The article goes on to explain why, and to describe how humans will apply these skills in order to work with AI. My perspective is that we would be very short-sighted if we assume AI will not be able to master these skills. AIs already display more dexterity than humans in some cases. They are also demonstrating interesting forms of creativity. A lot of what appear to be human-only skills are the sorts of automatic non-cognitive abilities we demonstrate. But that's precisely where AI will excel, since these are based on pattern recognition and response. An AI won't feel things the way we do. But it's not al all clear that feeling a certain way is essential for any of these skills.
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www.qualtrics.com www.qualtrics.com
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Leaders in higher education are mission-driven individuals who want what’s best for students.
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Eighty-seven percent of students who report feeling understood are satisfied with their experience overall compared to just 45% of students who say their institution doesn’t understand what's important to them.
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- Apr 2022
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But reenacting the experience of being a novice need not be so literal; expertscan generate empathy for the beginner through acts of the imagination, changingthe way they present information accordingly. An example: experts habituallyengage in “chunking,” or compressing several tasks into one mental unit. Thisfrees up space in the expert’s working memory, but it often baffles the novice,for whom each step is new and still imperfectly understood. A math teacher mayspeed through an explanation of long division, not remembering or recognizingthat the procedures that now seem so obvious were once utterly inscrutable.Math education expert John Mighton has a suggestion: break it down into steps,then break it down again—into micro-steps, if necessary.
When teaching novices, experts utilize chunking, or breaking up an idea into smaller units. While this may help free up cognitive space from the expert's point of view it exhibits a lack of empathy for the novice who may need expert-sized chunks broken down into micro-sized chunks which are more appropriate to their beginner status.
While the benefits of chunking can be useful to both sets of participants, the sizes of the chunks need to be relative to one's prior experience to leverage their benefit.
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instructors and experts must also become more legible models. This can beaccomplished through what philosopher Karsten Stueber calls “re-enactiveempathy”: an appreciation of the challenges confronting the novice that isproduced by reenacting what it was like to have once been a beginner oneself.
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imitation more generally. Emmanuel Roze hasfound that the experience of imitating patients makes the young doctors he trainsmore empathetic
Imitation can potentially help one become more empathetic.
Is there a relationship between this effect and one's mirror neurons?
Donald J. Trump is well known for is sad impersonation of impaired and disabled people. Obviously he has no empathy for them and it's unlikely that his re-enactments will create empathy for him. Is this a result of a neurological deficit on his part?
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www.quora.com www.quora.com
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Empathy – This is perhaps the most important element of emotional intelligence. Empathy is the ability to identify with and understand the wants, needs, and viewpoints of those around you. People with empathy are good at recognizing the feelings of others, even when those feelings may not be obvious. As a result, empathetic people are usually excellent at managing relationships , listening , and relating to others. They avoid stereotyping and judging too quickly, and they live their lives in a very open, honest way.
Empathy – I value empathy as I consider it to be the most important element of emotional intelligence. Empathy means to be able to recognise and understand the wants, needs, and perspectives of others around us.
Empathy allows you to be better at recognizing the feelings of others, even if those people aren't making it obvious to notice. Hence, empathetic people make excellent relationship managers, also making good listeners , and relating to others. This traits allows one to avoid stereotyping and judging others at face value.
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- Mar 2022
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www.cs.umd.edu www.cs.umd.edu
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A key issue is the role of empathic communications in forming trusting relationships (Pr eece, 1998).
It's depressing to see that this fundamental problem of the early web seemingly has seen almost no progress in almost a quarter of a century.
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- Feb 2022
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Learnings: - It's easy to assume people in the past didn't care or were stupid. But people do things for a reason. Not understanding the reason for how things are is a missed learning opportunity, and very likely leads to unintended consequences. - Similar to having a valid strong opinion, one must understand why things are as they are before changing them (except if the goal is only signaling).
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- Jan 2022
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www.googleapis.com www.googleapis.com
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as leadership and management
Yes and....
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- Dec 2021
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Schmid, P., & Lewandowsky, S. (n.d.). Tackling COVID disinformation with empathy and conversation. The Conversation. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from http://theconversation.com/tackling-covid-disinformation-with-empathy-and-conversation-173013
Tags
- scientific knowledge
- science
- conspiracy theory
- exposure
- anti-vaccine
- social media
- risk
- COVID denial
- conversation
- critical thinking
- Germany
- vaccine
- COVID-19
- far-right
- empathy
- lang:en
- motivational interviewing
- social distancing
- infodemic
- compliance
- misinformation
- is:webpage
- disinformation
- communication
- research
Annotators
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Drążkowski, D., Trepanowski, R., & Fointiat, V. (2021). Vaccinating to protect others: The role of self-persuasion and empathy among young adults. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wh4cs
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- Nov 2021
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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reason can also serve empathy and social connection as well as self-interest and let me tell you how this was discovered 00:21:11 because empathy turns out to be physical back in 1996 in Parma Italy a remarkable thing happened in the neuroscience lab 00:21:24 there and I've been there Vittorio galazy was running an experiment for professor ritsu lottie's in which they had macaque monkeys and they were 00:21:36 training the monkeys too they trained them to push buttons and peel bananas and grab rings and do certain things and then they had probes in the monkeys brains neuron by neuron in what is 00:21:50 called the premotor cortex which choreographed actions it sort of puts actions together and they were looking at which neurons fired when the monkeys did which actions they had it hooked up to a computer so every time the monkey 00:22:03 moved and did this versus peel the banana etc you would see exactly which neurons were firing the monkey breast something you would see which neurons are firing and if he grasped with the right hand to be one set left hand 00:22:15 another set et cetera and this was going just fine then it was lunchtime and in Italy you take a nice lunch so you take a nice lunch for toriel comes back didn't have dessert as a pile 00:22:29 of bananas thank you take a banana he starts to peel it and he finds that the computer is registering click click click click click that the monkey's brain which we're supposed to register 00:22:42 register monkey movements is registering his movements and when they checked it out it turns out these were exactly at least 1/3 of the neurons firing 30% 00:22:54 actually will were the neurons for peeling bananas then they did further experiments and they found out that there was an interesting phenomenon that 00:23:06 there's a connection between vision and action that the same neurons that are firing when you peel a banana are firing when you see someone else peel a banana 00:23:18 well not quite all of them 30% the other 70% are doing interesting variations on that but those 30% are interesting they're called mirror neurons they mirror what you're doing and they link 00:23:31 vision in action and then they found out why there is a neural pathway Direction directly between the premotor cortex and the parietal cortex just behind it that 00:23:45 integrates a vision and they are you know tuned as you're growing up to length vision and action so that vision and action are linked together but then the other interesting thing is that 00:23:58 mirror neurons are connected to the emotional regions and emotionally something wild was discovered back in 00:24:09 the 1950s and 60s by Paul Ekman namely that we have a physiology that corresponds to our emotions Darwin first hypothesized this that around the world 00:24:23 when people are happy they smile when they're sad they frown when they're angry they bare their teeth etc and animals do a lot of the same things 00:24:35 and that basically there are other physiological adji of emotions when you're angry your skin temperature rises half a degree which is why you say my blood boils you know why you get burned 00:24:49 up and so on there's a reason for that those metaphors are for anger are based on your actual physiology and that physiology of anger is tied to the mirror neurons because the physiology 00:25:02 has to do with what your body is doing and if it's connected to vision you can see with someone else's body cuz doing and you can tell if somebody is writhing in pain or deliriously happy or really 00:25:15 sad or whatever you are emotionally connected to other people Briah your brain you have a brain and everybody else has the capacity for 00:25:29 what's called empathy it's a physical capacity linking you to others and that's how social connection works that is a physical thing and actually most 00:25:41 the reason Oh a huge amount is based on social connection and empathy it's not just self-interest and that's important for many reasons having to do with 00:25:52 morality and with politics
empathy is physical and mirror neurons make the empathy connection: the same set of neurons is connected to vision system as to movement system and that in turn is connected to emotional centers. Therefore we can see the physiological expressions of emotions in others and it triggers our associated emotions.
A lot of reason is based on social connections and empathy.
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docs.google.com docs.google.com
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designing
having students learn by designing their own games combines design thinking and game-based learning
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Leder, J., Schütz, A., & Pastukhov, A. (Sasha). (2021). Keeping the kids home: Increasing concern for others in times of crisis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6s28u
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forum.artofmemory.com forum.artofmemory.com
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Basically you take an idea, convert that idea into a character then whenever you want to think about that idea you imagine yourself as that character and then explain that idea to yourself through that character. For example: We first take an idea (lets use automation) Then we turn it into a character (lets see automation as a mass of cogwheels and pistons moving around randomly) Then you imagine yourself as that character and see the world through that characters eyes (in this case we would be disgusted by humanity because of how slow and inefficient it is) Now when we are asked a question about automation or when we want to think about automation we can imagine ourselves becoming that character and we can speak through them to answer that question
Related to the idea of putting oneself into another ideas' shoes discussed a bit in Annie Murphy Paul's book The Extended Mind.
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- Oct 2021
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gamestorming.com gamestorming.com
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The empathy map, one of Gamestorming’s methods for understanding audiences, including users, customers, and other players in any business ecosystem, has gotten some press lately because it was featured in Alex Osterwalder‘s excellent book, Business Model Generation as a tool for discovering insights about customers.
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www.pinterest.ca www.pinterest.ca
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The original idea for the empathy map comes from Dave Gray, author of Gamestorming.
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- Aug 2021
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www.edsurge.com www.edsurge.com
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There’s a stigma to applying for help, she says, and many students who need aid feel there are others who could more urgently use the assistance.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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The Attack on "Critical Race Theory": What's Going on?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P35YrabkpGk
Lately, a lot of people have been very upset about “critical race theory.” Back in September 2020, the former president directed federal agencies to cut funding for training programs that refer to “white privilege” or “critical race theory, declaring such programs “un-American propaganda” and “a sickness that cannot be allowed to continue.” In the last few months, at least eight states have passed legislation banning the teaching of CRT in schools and some 20 more have similar bills in the pipeline or plans to introduce them. What’s going on?
Join us for a conversation that situates the current battle about “critical race theory” in the context of a much longer war over the relationship between our racial present and racial past, and the role of culture, institutions, laws, policies and “systems” in shaping both. As members of families and communities, as adults in the lives of the children who will have to live with the consequences of these struggles, how do we understand what's at stake and how we can usefully weigh in?
Hosts: Melissa Giraud & Andrew Grant-Thomas
Guests: Shee Covarrubias, Kerry-Ann Escayg,
Some core ideas of critical race theory:
- racial realism
- racism is normal
- interest convergence
- racial equity only occurs when white self interest is being considered (Brown v. Board of Education as an example to portray US in a better light with respect to the Cold War)
- Whiteness as property
- Cheryl Harris' work
- White people have privilege in the law
- myth of meritocracy
- Intersectionality
People would rather be spoon fed rather than do the work themselves. Sadly this is being encouraged in the media.
Short summary of CRT: How laws have been written to institutionalize racism.
Culturally Responsive Teaching (also has the initials CRT).
KAE tries to use an anti-racist critical pedagogy in her teaching.
SC: Story about a book Something Happened in Our Town (book).
- Law enforcement got upset and the school district
- Response video of threat, intimidation, emotional blackmail by local sheriff's department.
- Intent versus impact - the superintendent may not have had a bad intent when providing an apology, but the impact was painful
It's not really a battle about or against CRT, it's an attempt to further whitewash American history. (synopsis of SC)
What are you afraid of?
- racial realism
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Price, A. (2021). Commentary: My pandemic grief and the Japanese art of kintsugi. BMJ, n1906. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1906
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- Jul 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Lee, Y. K., Jung, Y., Lee, I., Park, J. E., & Hahn, S. (2021). Building a Psychological Ground Truth Dataset with Empathy and Theory-of-Mind During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mpn3w
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hedgehogreview.com hedgehogreview.com
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https://hedgehogreview.com/web-features/thr/posts/writing-a-life
Jacobs suggests taking the idea of "walking a mile in another's shoes" to a higher level. He takes Herman Hesse's idea in The Glass Bead Game of the Castalian community's writing a Life in which people write an autobiography about seeing themselves placed in other times/places in history.
Similar examples he includes:
- Flannery O'Connor's story "Revelation" in which a woman chooses being remade as "white trash" or a Black woman.
- Black Like Me by John Howard Griffin (1961)
- White Like Me, a Saturday Night Live skit featuring Eddie Murphy
- Soul Sister by Grace Halsell
- Rachel Dolezal passing as black because she felt it was her identity
- John Rawls' "veil of ignorance"
Jacob suggests this could be a useful exercise for people to attempt, particularly as a senior exercise for university students.
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- Jun 2021
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www.migrationencounters.org www.migrationencounters.org
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I remember even defending a person from the Marshall Islands because a Mexican guy had taken his food. I said, "Hey, man, don't take his food. That's all he got to eat." They were like, "So, what, are you going to defend them now?" I'm like, "I'm just defending a person. He's just like us. We're all detained. We shouldn't be like that." But they got onto me and they said, "Either you're with us or against us. If you're against us, we're more." I said, "Okay, I guess I can be with you guys," just for being scared. Then after that I was there for about a month. Then they took me to a real prison. I remember they asked us to do jobs like clean your cell, clean the bathrooms, and things like that. Again, I was only 18 years old. I didn't know why I was put in prison with those people. In there, yes, I met some people that really had done some really bad stuff.
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www.migrationencounters.org www.migrationencounters.org
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I used to give my mom crap about that, because I was like, "Why couldn't you just start your life right here? What's so wrong about this? That you put us through all this stuff that we have nothing over there?" And then I realized when I came over here—I actually cried, because I'm like, "Damn, she did all that for us to have a better life."
Time in the US - Family
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Mike: And it hit me in the face. I was like, "Damn, my mom went through a lot of sacrifices and it sucks." I was embarrassed because I'm like, "Damn, I didn't do anything. I didn't do anything with the blessings that I got." I felt bad. But in a way I feel like everything is for a reason.Mike: I feel like I'm here for a reason and whatever I need to do to help, or whatever my little part I have to put in, I feel like this is why I'm here, and I'm just waiting on that so I could go back and just be with my kids.
Return to Mexico, Feelings, Sadness/ Hope
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Mike: None of them, they still don't have kids. So I look up to that man a lot, because he's done a lot of sacrifices. At the same time, we're like the push he needed. So we both helped each other out.Anne: They're still in Arizona?Mike: Yeah, he's actually married to my mom. They got a house. I don't know how they do it, but they're blessed. Good people, do good things, I feel like you get blessed. Yeah, good karma just come back.
Time in the US- Homelife, Parents/Step-Parents, Expecations
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- May 2021
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Pfattheicher, S., Nockur, L., Böhm, R., Sassenrath, C., & Petersen, M. B. (2020). The Emotional Path to Action: Empathy Promotes Physical Distancing and Wearing of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychological Science, 31(11), 1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620964422
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- Mar 2021
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kpu.pressbooks.pub kpu.pressbooks.pubWelcome1
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This game is intentionally frustrating! If it’s frustrating for you, imagine how students feel.
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Khazan, Olga. ‘A Failure of Empathy Led to 200,000 Deaths. It Has Deep Roots.’ The Atlantic, 22 September 2020. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2020/09/covid-death-toll-us-empathy-elderly/616379/.
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Scheffer, J. A., Cameron, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2021). Caring is Costly: People Avoid the Cognitive Work of Compassion. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jyx6q
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- Jan 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Fischer, K., Chaudhuri, A., & Atkinson, Q. (2020, October 5). Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic reflect the dual evolutionary foundations of political ideology. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qeap8
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- Nov 2020
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forge.medium.com forge.medium.com
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Once the person opens up about what they’re feeling, resist the temptation to find a solution. Instead, validate. McGrath suggests telling them their emotions makes sense, reiterating how hard their experience sounds, then asking what they need.If you’re burning to share how you see things, ask permission before dishing out advice. Sometimes, well-intentioned attempts to fix the problem send a message that you’re uncomfortable with the other person’s emotions, which does anything but forge trust and connection.
Something I need to practice more.
When someone opens up, do not be so quick to fix. Understand the issue, what is causing them pain, why it is causing them pain, and validate that concern by reiterating the experience to them.
This way you allow them to not feel like they are wrong for feeling that way.
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simple as tacking on an “I could be wrong, but” at the beginning, or an “Am I off base?” at the end. “This way, you provide an out so the other person can deny they feel that way,” she says, and give them a chance to correct the record by sharing what’s actually going on, if they choose.
You don't have to be right about your observation, you just have to try. This shows that you are trying, that you are willing to empathize.
So it is important to make your observation but also give space for them to talk about their feelings. How can you do that? Well you can say: "Am I off base?", "Correct me if I'm wrong"
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Observations, on the other hand, cultivate connection by showing you’re paying attention, Braman explained in her post; that’s why she encourages parents to lead with statements like “You seem frustrated,” or “You’re full of smiles.”
Asking a kid "how was your day" can cause them anxiety because they still don't have the language to describe their feelings. This question usually don't lead to any good.
On the other hand, make observations! Say something like "you seem frustrated" or "You seem pretty happy today". This helps them develop a language to describe how they are feeling.
As I was writing this I thought about how important books are. They can describe the emotional language of someone and help the reader empathize with it and also adopt ways to express themselves.
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- Oct 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Weisz, E., & Cikara, M. (2020, October 9). Strategic Regulation of Empathy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2kr46
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Stevens, S. K., Brustad, R., Gilbert, L., Houge, B., Milbrandt, T., Munson, K., Packard, J., Werneburg, B., & Siddiqui, M. A. (2020). The Use of Empathic Communication During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of Patient Experience, 2374373520962602. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520962602
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I want to have ways to show learners that I chose the texts for them, as I’m convinced that empathy is motivating.
I quite like this idea as a means of pedagogy.
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kfitz.info kfitz.info
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“To be in the shoes of an Other still leaves you with your own feet.”
Reminiscent of Jefferson's quote "He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me."
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brocansky.com brocansky.com
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they’ll work their asses off not to disappoint you.
This kind of relational motivation seems like a good first step. I wonder though if "not to disappoint you" still centers the instructor and not the learners? The idea of a "partnership" between instructors and students strikes me as closer to the ideal that empathy aims for.
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digest.bps.org.uk digest.bps.org.uk
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Conspiracy Theories And Winter Wellbeing: The Week’s Best Psychology Links. (2020, October 2). Research Digest. https://digest.bps.org.uk/2020/10/02/conspiracy-theories-and-winter-wellbeing-the-weeks-best-psychology-links/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Pfattheicher, Stefan, Michael Bang Petersen, and Robert Böhm. ‘Information about Herd Immunity and Empathy Promote COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions’, 30 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wzu6k.
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- Jul 2020
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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But the business model that we now call surveillance capitalism put paid to that, which is why you should never post anything on Facebook without being prepared to face the algorithmic consequences.
I'm reminded a bit of the season 3 episode of Breaking Bad where Jesse Pinkman invites his drug dealing pals to a Narcotics Anonymous-type meeting so that they can target their meth sales. Fortunately the two low lifes had more morality and compassion than Facebook can manage.
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- Jun 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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van de Groep, S., Zanolie, K., Green, K., Sweijen, S., & Crone, E. (2020). A daily diary study on adolescents’ mood, concern for others, and giving behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xny2g
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Andy Slavitt @ 🏡 on Twitter: “COVID Update June 22: In a lot of ways, COVID-19 is forcing us to answer the question— what kind of society are we? Particulatly as the healthy, white & well off find ways to protect themselves will we look out for each other? 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 24, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ASlavitt/status/1275261089165594625
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Ferguson, A. M., Cameron, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2020, May 15). Motivational effects on empathic choices. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s7qph
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www.al-fanarmedia.org www.al-fanarmedia.org
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other literacies
While you mention empathy as an aspeect of critical pedagogy, we could also think of empathy as a form of literacy. Here are 'Literacy Resources for Building Empathy in the Classroom':
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Shane, Matthew S. ‘The Motivation to Empathize Scale - Indexing Virtuous and Nonvirtuous Motives to Empathize’, 9 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e7gxu.
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- May 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Vieira, J., Schellhaas, S., Enström, E., & Olsson, A. (2020, May 17). Help or Flight? Increased threat imminence promotes defensive helping in humans. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bckn3
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Elias, M. (2020, May 9). Fear, judgment, hysteria: Six survivors talk about life after coronavirus. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/10/fear-judgment-hysteria-six-survivors-talk-about-life-after-coronavirus
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Lengersdorff, L., Wagner, I., & Lamm, C. (2020, April 20). When implicit prosociality trumps selfishness: the neural valuation system underpins more optimal choices when learning to avoid harm to others than to oneself. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q6psx
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- Apr 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Fucci, E., Baquedano, C., Abdoun, O., Deroche, J., & Lutz, A. (2020, April 21). Validation of a set of stimuli to investigate the effect of attributional processes on social motivation in within-subject experiments. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nbdj4
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Pfattheicher, Stefan, Laila Nockur, Robert Böhm, Claudia Sassenrath, und Michael Bang Petersen. „The emotional path to action: Empathy promotes physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic“. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 23. März 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y2cg5.
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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For my literature students, my emphasis is helping them understand stories that come from cultures other than theirs. Are they able to see the humanity and connections across the stories? That’s essential. Whether they remember all of the characters and the authors—that’s not essential.
My goodness! This woman deserves to be Teacher of the Year! She's teaching empathy too!
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- Oct 2019
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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foundation of empathic design is observation and the goal to identify latent customer needs in order to create products that the customers don't even know they desire, or, in some cases, solutions that customers have difficulty envisioning due to lack of familiarity with the possibilities offered by new technologies or because they are locked in a specific mindset. Empathic design relies on observation of consumers
people don't always know what they want
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www.nbcnews.com www.nbcnews.com
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Who wants these kind of relationships with their kids?
author's empathy with the reader's mind. Saying out what they're thinking while reading the text
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Listen, I know that the biggest indicator of success in school-aged kids is parental involvement. How could I forget? The media is constantly banging that gong via books, articles and nightly news programs. And it seems most of us have gotten the message; the percentage of students whose parents report attending meetings, conferences and school events reached an all-time high in 2016.
Empathize to the reader that the books, articles and media are saying this and parents heard it well. Indirectly, tell the reader that this is not their fault. It's the people's paradigm.
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www.parents.com www.parents.com
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It is a tricky line to find, to be engaged with our children and their lives, but not so enmeshed that we lose perspective on what they need," Dr. Gilboa says.
Empathy from the expert
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- May 2019
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www.drevafogelman.com www.drevafogelman.com
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Today, Third-Generation individuals whose professional lives have been shaped by their grandparent’s ordeals are found in the creative arts, in helping professions, human rights work and in Jewish studies and communal work. The Third-Generation members are no different from those in the Second-Generation, who gravitated towards the creative arts in order to remember the barbarity committed against the Jews living in German-occupied countries and , the Jewish life that was destroyed, and to raise consciousness about present-day racism, human-rights violations, and genocides.
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Flora Hogman conducted a case study of Second and Third-Generation, and in her sample of the grandchildren of Holocaust survivors she noticed that they feel a sense of pride and awe of the survivors. This awareness of the suffering is part of the fabric of their lives, but is channeled into empathy, political activism, greater consciousness of others suffering, and a reluctance to intermarry.
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www.psychologytoday.com www.psychologytoday.com
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Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by ‘a lack of empathy and remorse, shallow affect, glibness, manipulation and callousness.’ When individuals with psychopathy imagine others in pain, researchers have found that brain areas necessary for feeling empathy and concern for others fail to become active and connected to other important regions involved in affective processing and compassionate decision-making.
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When you are in an agreeable and comfortable situation it is more difficult to empathize with another person’s suffering. At a neurobiological level – without a properly functioning supramarginal gyrus – your brain has a tough time putting itself in someone else’s shoes.
'They' literally can't help being selfish assholes
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The right supramarginal gyrus ensures that we can decouple our perception of ourselves from that of others. When the neurons in this part of the brain were disrupted in the course of a research task, the participants found it difficult to stop from projecting their own feelings and circumstances onto others. The participants' assessments were also less accurate when they were forced to make particularly quick decisions.
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In a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience on October 9, 2013, Max Planck researchers identified that the tendency to be egocentric is innate for human beings – but that a part of your brain recognizes a lack of empathy and autocorrects. This specific part of your brain is called the the right supramarginal gyrus. When this brain region doesn't function properly—or when we have to make particularly quick decisions—the researchers found one’s ability for empathy is dramatically reduced. This area of the brain helps us to distinguish our own emotional state from that of other people and is responsible for empathy and compassion.
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- Feb 2019
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can’t be created
There is a certain amount of empathy embedded in these, but I'd like to make it more explicit. We can weave in some thinking that "it's okay not to know everything." And, it's "okay to learn from others." And, it's okay to "not be perfect online."
Carve out a space for learning, failure, exploration, growth.
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- Jan 2019
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mikecosgrave.com mikecosgrave.com
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Turkle’s major concern is what she perceives as a decline in empathy brought on by mobile devices causing a shrinking of face to face conversation.
I can fully understand a lack of empathy can be increased by mobile devices. People can feel safer, and hide behind their device. The increase in the number of 'keyboard warriors' and public comments sections fuelled by people hurtful comments has certainly increased.
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- Dec 2018
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clalliance.org clalliance.org
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For me, personally, empathy does not come from responding to a situation en masse, and trusting strangers, but from getting close to people different from myself online, getting to know them enough that I can (however partially) see a different worldview, and then also trust what they say in a 140-character tweet and can engage with them deeply, through layers of context.
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- Oct 2018
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www.todayonline.com www.todayonline.com
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Discrimination on the basis of gender or sex is omitted
Can you think of reasons for why this might have been the case?
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- Sep 2018
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submitting to God’s will is the only way I have not to go utterly mad with grief fighting it?
Another form of distancing for survival? What makes the mind adaptable like this? How did the world fashion us to be like this? Or at least some of us to be like this?
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Local file Local file
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rimination on the basis of gender or sex is omitted.
Can you think of reasons why this might have been the case?
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“Although Mrs Lee Kuan Yew was one of the first women to sign up as a PAP member, she was never admitted into the inner sanctum of the party.Truth be told, she attended the first meeting with S. Rajaratnam, K. M. Byrne, Philip Hoalim Jr and his wife Miki.
Why do you think Mrs Lee Kuan Yew was excluded from the "inner sanctum" of the PAP? Do you think this could have been a justifiable decision in the circumstances?
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Was it only by this twist of fate and chance –Lee Kuan Yew wanting to stop the wife of another colleague from attending –that the founding team became and then stayed an All Men’s group?
How do you think Singapore's history might have been different if women were included among the founders of independent Singapore?
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mfeldstein.com mfeldstein.com
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Part of this change according to D2L exec interviews was that in the past it was easier to talk to CIOs, but now they are learning how to talk to faculty and end users.
Fascinating.
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greatergood.berkeley.edu greatergood.berkeley.edu
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While the study didn’t examine why empathy may be declining, the authors draw on prior research to speculate that culprits could include the corresponding rise in narcissism among young people, the growing prevalence of personal technology and media use in everyday life, shrinking family size (dealing with siblings may teach empathy), and stronger pressures on young people to succeed academically and professionally.
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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reading may be linked to empathy. In a study published earlier this year psychologist Raymond A. Mar of York University in Toronto and others demonstrated that the number of stories preschoolers read predicts their ability to understand the emotions of others. Mar has also shown that adults who read less fiction report themselves to be less empathic.
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- Jan 2018
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s3.amazonaws.com s3.amazonaws.com
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The tears which flowed from her in torrents when she read of the misfortunes of persons unknown to her, in a newspaper, were quickly stemmed once she had been able to form a more accurate mental picture of the victims.
This example, along with her killing of the chicken and her reading the medical dictionary instead of helping the kitchen maid, demonstrate Francoise's tendency to empathize more the greater the distance between her and the person in question. Proust may be pointing to something in human nature that allows us to empathize more strongly with the abstract idea of a child suffering far far away but walk past the dirty begging child down the street.
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- Jul 2017
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readywriting.org readywriting.org
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The point is not to be defeatist, but to remind ourselves again and again that the process is always iterative, and that we must keep working to maintain, to improve, and thus to sustain our work.
Agreed. This sustain piece is such a hard one to onboard people to if they haven't been privy. Its fun when you see someone get it the first time though :)
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How can I add value to this network – contribute, amplify, connect, share, listen, support?
Totally obvious you believe this - inspiring and awesome!
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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Six facets of under-standing—the capacity to explain, interpret, apply, shift perspective, empa-thize, and self-assess—can serve as indicators of understanding.
Empathy demonstrates understanding, even if you can't actually place yourself in someone else's shoes/relate, you can still understand their perspective. A lack of empathy goes hand-in-hand with hatred and fear of the "other" or what is different.
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- Mar 2017
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mypage.iu.edu mypage.iu.edu
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On the persistence of unicorns
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tachesdesens.blogspot.com tachesdesens.blogspot.com
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The people on the other end were targets. They were nothing. They were nobody.
Alienation.
Targets.
Capitalism
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I’m realizing more and more how desperately this perspective is needed as I watch researchers and advocates, politicians and everyday people judge others from their vantage point without taking a moment to understand why a particular logic might unfold.
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- Feb 2017
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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We woke up every morning glad we were alive, and went to sleep every night knowing we might not wake in the morning.
empathy
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- Dec 2016
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www.fastcompany.com www.fastcompany.com
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No sooner had the fifth graders in Jennifer Ellison’s reading class finished watching a series of videos about empathy than they came to her with an idea. They had noticed that when Ellison directed students to pair off and read with a partner, one student in particular, who is autistic, became anxious in the face of social pressure. "My class realized, we need a plan so that he feels comfortable," Ellison says. "That’s a lot of insight for 10-year-olds." They proposed a sticker-based system whereby reading partners are randomly assigned on a rotating basis. Now, Ellison says, "He doesn’t have that anxiety," because someone is always proactive about asking to read with him. A small change, perhaps, but a rewarding one for teachers like Ellison who entered the profession hoping to instill values like compassion and respect. And it was all precipitated by a short series of five-minute videos created by the education startup ClassDojo.
Class Dojo using videos to "teach empathy."
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- Aug 2016
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Theory of Mind tests: reading the mind in the eyes (RMET)
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- Jul 2016
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hybridpedagogy.org hybridpedagogy.org
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“counteranthropomorphism”—the tendency we have to remove the humanity of people we can’t see
Speaking of which… (The byline is particularly interesting given this news item and discussion.)
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- Dec 2015
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lithub.com lithub.com
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And though I was grateful to James for calling them out, I wasn’t even challenging anyone’s access to making money. I just made humorous remarks about some books and some dead writers’ characters. These guys were apparently so upset and so convinced that the existence of my opinions and voice menaced others’ rights. Guys: censorship is when the authorities repress a work of art, not when someone dislikes it.
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art can also help us fail at empathy if it sequesters us in the Boring Old Fortress of Magnificent Me.
Art is powerful. It shapes minds. It thereby shapes the world -- or keeps it the same -- for good or evil.
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- Nov 2015
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www.newscientist.com www.newscientist.com
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Removing the VR goggles, the adrenaline continues to course through me. I have only been inside the Project Syria immersive for a few minutes, but the effect is dramatic. It was commissioned for the 2014 World Economic Forum in Davos to give politicians an insight into everyday life in Syria. And it works.
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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In one version of this experiment, if we gave participants synthetic oxytocin (in the nose, that will reach the brain in an hour), they donated to 57 percent more of the featured charities and donated 56 percent more money than participants given a placebo. Those who received oxytocin also reported more emotional transportation into the world depicted in the ad. Most importantly, these people said they were less likely to engage in the dangerous behaviors shown in the ads. So, go see a movie and laugh and cry. It’s good for your brain, and just might motivate you to make positive changes in your life and in others’ lives as well.
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When people watch Ben’s story in the lab—and they both maintain attention to the story and release oxytocin—nearly all of these individuals donate a portion of their earnings from the experiment. They do this even though they don’t have to. This is surprising since this payment is to compensate them for an hour of their time and two needle sticks in their arms to obtain blood from which we measure chemical changes that come from their brains.
(Ben's story is a very sad story)
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blog.mahabali.me blog.mahabali.me
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Because the sad thing about empathy is that we are more likely to be empathetic toward people who remind us of ourselves. Where it is easier to imagine ourselves in their shoes. On a second level, we are more likely to empathize with a group of people of whom we know some personally (or at least we know of/about them) because in reality I deeply believe that most people are good. And so if you know enough people of a certain category, most of them will be good. When we don’t know anyone from a certain category we are likely to dehumanize them
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- Oct 2015
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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British researchers Peter Woodruff and Tom Farrow are doing some of this important work. Their research suggests that the areas in the brain associated with forgiveness are often deep in the emotional centers, in the region known as the limbic system, rather than in the areas of the cortex usually associated with reasoned judgments. In one study, they asked people to judge the fairness of a transgression and then consider whether to forgive it or empathize with the transgressor. Ten individuals evaluated several social scenarios while the researchers recorded images of their brain activity. Whether people empathized or forgave, similar areas in the emotion centers of the brain lit up. When those same people thought about the fairness of the same transgression, though, the emotion centers stopped being as active. This could be a clue for interventionists. To help people forgive, help them steer clear of dwelling on how fair a transgression was or how just a solution might be. Instead, get people to see things from the other person’s perspective.
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- Sep 2015
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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Train your brain for compassion over the long term. Mind-training techniques may be better suited to increase people’s ability (rather than motivation) to experience compassion. There are many meditation traditions that encourage people to cultivate compassion toward self, family, friends, enemies, and strangers. Compassion cultivation techniques have been shown to increase positive emotions and social support, reduce negative distress at human suffering, and reduce people’s fears of feeling compassion for others. Such training programs may prevent the collapse of compassion, by letting people overcome fears of fatigue and accept their own compassion.
See "empathic concern".
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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Giving has also been linked to the release of oxytocin, a hormone (also released during sex and breast feeding) that induces feelings of warmth, euphoria, and connection to others. In laboratory studies, Paul Zak, the director of the Center for Neuroeconomics Studies at Claremont Graduate University, has found that a dose of oxytocin will cause people to give more generously and to feel more empathy towards others,
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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research by Daniel Batson and others suggests that empathy is much more likely to lead to altruism when it elicits the specific feeling of empathic concern, which is when we observe someone in need and truly "feel for" that person--a state similiar to compassion--rather than wanting to escape the situation or feeling overwhelmed by distress.
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Nancy Eisenberg, Richard Fabes, and Martin Hoffman have found that parents who use induction and reasoning raise children who are better adjusted and more likely to help their peers. This style of parenting seems to nurture the basic tools of compassion: an appreciation of others’ suffering and a desire to remedy that suffering.
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greatergood.berkeley.edu greatergood.berkeley.edu
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Read fiction. Reading a great work of literature—or watching a film or play—allows us to temporarily step out of our own lives and fully immerse ourselves in another person’s experience. Indeed, research suggests that fiction readers are better attuned to the social and emotional lives of others.
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If nothing else, you can remind yourself that you are both members of the human species.
A nice sentiment, but if we look at the bottom 1%, this isn't necessarily something to be proud of in my opinion.
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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The 20th century was the Age of Introspection, when self-help and therapy culture encouraged us to believe that the best way to understand who we are and how to live was to look inside ourselves. But it left us gazing at our own navels. The 21st century should become the Age of Empathy, when we discover ourselves not simply through self-reflection, but by becoming interested in the lives of others. We need empathy to create a new kind of revolution. Not an old-fashioned revolution built on new laws, institutions, or policies, but a radical revolution in human relationships.
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Organizations, too, should be ambitious with their empathic thinking. Bill Drayton, the renowned “father of social entrepreneurship,” believes that in an era of rapid technological change, mastering empathy is the key business survival skill because it underpins successful teamwork and leadership. His influential Ashoka Foundation has launched the Start Empathy initiative, which is taking its ideas to business leaders, politicians and educators worldwide.
Empathy Habit 6: Develop an ambitious imagination
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A final trait of HEPs is that they do far more than empathize with the usual suspects. We tend to believe empathy should be reserved for those living on the social margins or who are suffering. This is necessary, but it is hardly enough. We also need to empathize with people whose beliefs we don’t share or who may be “enemies” in some way. If you are a campaigner on global warming, for instance, it may be worth trying to step into the shoes of oil company executives—understanding their thinking and motivations—if you want to devise effective strategies to shift them towards developing renewable energy. A little of this “instrumental empathy” (sometimes known as “impact anthropology”) can go a long way.
Empathy Habit 6: Develop an ambitious imagination
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Beyond education, the big challenge is figuring out how social networking technology can harness the power of empathy to create mass political action. Twitter may have gotten people onto the streets for Occupy Wall Street and the Arab Spring, but can it convince us to care deeply about the suffering of distant strangers, whether they are drought-stricken farmers in Africa or future generations who will bear the brunt of our carbon-junkie lifestyles? This will only happen if social networks learn to spread not just information, but empathic connection.
Empathy Habit 5: Inspire mass action and social change
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Adam Hochschild reminds us, “The abolitionists placed their hope not in sacred texts but human empathy,”
Empathy Habit 5: Inspire mass action and social change
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Empathy is a two-way street that, at its best, is built upon mutual understanding—an exchange of our most important beliefs and experiences. Organizations such as the Israeli-Palestinian Parents Circle put it all into practice by bringing together bereaved families from both sides of the conflict to meet, listen, and talk. Sharing stories about how their loved ones died enables families to realize that they share the same pain and the same blood, despite being on opposite sides of a political fence, and has helped to create one of the world’s most powerful grassroots peace-building movements.
Empathy Habit 4: Listen hard—and open up
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George Orwell is an inspiring model. After several years as a colonial police officer in British Burma in the 1920s, Orwell returned to Britain determined to discover what life was like for those living on the social margins. “I wanted to submerge myself, to get right down among the oppressed,” he wrote. So he dressed up as a tramp with shabby shoes and coat, and lived on the streets of East London with beggars and vagabonds. The result, recorded in his book Down and Out in Paris and London, was a radical change in his beliefs, priorities, and relationships. He not only realized that homeless people are not “drunken scoundrels”—Orwell developed new friendships, shifted his views on inequality, and gathered some superb literary material. It was the greatest travel experience of his life. He realised that empathy doesn’t just make you good—it’s good for you, too.
Empathy Habit 3: Try another person’s life
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We all have assumptions about others and use collective labels—e.g., “Muslim fundamentalist,” “welfare mom”—that prevent us from appreciating their individuality.
Empathy Habit 2: Challenge prejudices and discover commonalities
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Curiosity expands our empathy when we talk to people outside our usual social circle, encountering lives and worldviews very different from our own. Curiosity is good for us too: Happiness guru Martin Seligman identifies it as a key character strength that can enhance life satisfaction. And it is a useful cure for the chronic loneliness afflicting around one in three Americans. Cultivating curiosity requires more than having a brief chat about the weather. Crucially, it tries to understand the world inside the head of the other person. We are confronted by strangers every day, like the heavily tattooed woman who delivers your mail or the new employee who always eats his lunch alone. Set yourself the challenge of having a conversation with one stranger every week. All it requires is courage.
Empathy Habit 1: Cultivate curiosity about strangers
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Evolutionary biologists like Frans de Waal have shown that we are social animals who have naturally evolved to care for each other, just like our primate cousins. And psychologists have revealed that we are primed for empathy by strong attachment relationships in the first two years of life. But empathy doesn’t stop developing in childhood. We can nurture its growth throughout our lives—and we can use it as a radical force for social transformation.
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And don’t confuse it with the Golden Rule, “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” As George Bernard Shaw pointed out, “Do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you—they might have different tastes.” Empathy is about discovering those tastes.
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We rely more on what we feel than what we think when solving moral dilemmas. It’s not that religion and culture don’t have a role to play, but the building blocks of morality clearly predate humanity. We recognize them in our primate relatives, with empathy being most conspicuous in the bonobo ape and reciprocity in the chimpanzee. Moral rules tell us when and how to apply our empathic tendencies, but the tendencies themselves have been in existence since time immemorial.
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Bonobos are less brutal, but in their case, too, empathy needs to pass through several filters before it will be expressed. Often, the filters prevent expressions of empathy because no ape can afford feeling pity for all living things all the time. This applies equally to humans. Our evolutionary background makes it hard to identify with outsiders. We’ve evolved to hate our enemies, to ignore people we barely know, and to distrust anybody who doesn’t look like us. Even if we are largely cooperative within our communities, we become almost a different animal in our treatment of strangers.
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Within a bottom-up framework, the focus is not so much on the highest levels of empathy, but rather on its simplest forms, and how these combine with increased cognition to produce more complex forms of empathy. How did this transformation take place? The evolution of empathy runs from shared emotions and intentions between individuals to a greater self/other distinction—that is, an “unblurring” of the lines between individuals. As a result, one’s own experience is distinguished from that of another person, even though at the same time we are vicariously affected by the other’s. This process culminates in a cognitive appraisal of the other’s behavior and situation: We adopt the other’s perspective.
This reminds me of Dan Gilbert)'s (and others) notions of the mind being a simulator.
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Having descended from a long line of mothers who nursed, fed, cleaned, carried, comforted, and defended their young, we should not be surprised by gender differences in human empathy, such as those proposed to explain the disproportionate rate of boys affected by autism, which is marked by a lack of social communication skills.
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Consolation is defined as friendly or reassuring behavior by a bystander toward a victim of aggression. For example, chimpanzee A attacks chimpanzee B, after which bystander C comes over and embraces or grooms B. Based on hundreds of such observations, we know that consolation occurs regularly and exceeds baseline levels of contact. In other words, it is a demonstrable tendency that probably reflects empathy, since the objective of the consoler seems to be to alleviate the distress of the other. In fact, the usual effect of this kind of behavior is that it stops screaming, yelping, and other signs of distress.
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rhesus monkeys refused to pull a chain that delivered food to themselves if doing so gave a shock to a companion. One monkey stopped pulling the chain for 12 days after witnessing another monkey receive a shock. Those primates were literally starving themselves to avoid shocking another animal.
Led by Jules Masserman
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This capacity likely evolved because it served our ancestors’ survival in two ways. First, like every mammal, we need to be sensitive to the needs of our offspring. Second, our species depends on cooperation, which means that we do better if we are surrounded by healthy, capable group mates. Taking care of them is just a matter of enlightened self-interest.
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The act of perspective-taking is summed up by one of the most enduring definitions of empathy that we have, formulated by Adam Smith as “changing places in fancy with the sufferer.”
Even Smith, the father of economics, best known for emphasizing self-interest as the lifeblood of human economy, understood that the concepts of self-interest and empathy don’t conflict.
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people may have an inborn biological propensity to be more sensitive to social input, and still learn when, how, and where to use this ability from life experience.
Empathy has both inborn and learned components.
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Percy Shelley says is“the great secret of morals is love; or a going out of your own nature and anidentification of ourselves with the beautiful which exists in thought, action,or person, not our own. A man, to be greatly good, must imagine intensely andcomprehensively; he must put himself in the place of another and of many others;the pains and pleasures of his species must become his own. The great instrument ofmoral good is the imagination.”
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There’s neuroscientifc studies thatshow that when people play games together and earn an award, there’s a greateractivation of their dopamine reward circuitry than when they earn that same awardon their own.
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differentiate something called empathic concern from something called empathicdistress and what it turns out is that empathic concern is associated with all kindsof benefits people who experience empathic concern are more likely to help, they’rebetter at regulating their own emotions they’re more stable and socially functionalin life whereas people who experience empathic distress have other issues andstruggles that we can flesh out in later weeks. The interesting thing about thisbody of work is that it anticipates are next week of material which will be aboutcompassion and compassion is really what elevates empathy from the potential forempathic distress
Terms:
- empathic concern
- empathic distress
I had a bit of trouble parsing the last bit but I think she is saying compassion is a higher form of empathy which has "walled off" empathic distress.
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So when we look at what happens inthe brain, when people are viewing images of other people in pain what we see is aspecific set of structures that systematically represent that state of being moved bythatso the activation is typically in the interior insula and the medial prefrontal corticesand the insula is important for representing visceral activation so once again yoursadness or your pain or your suffering causes me to get aroused something happensin my body in response to that and my midline activation is typically implicatedin being concerned or trying to understand what that means like what is it to mewhat is this feeling that I’m having in my body usually mean? And those are themechanisms that are involved in affective empathy. Cognitive empathy involvesa wider range of structures, distributed around the cerebral cortex and they’reinvolved in visual expertise and again a self referential knowledge, what is thisparticular moment mean related to my memories about the world or my historicknowledge. So there are separate structures separate systems that are involved inthese two different ways that we can learn to know other people.
Long story short: affective and cognitive empathy involve different parts of the brain.
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many scientists often identify two types of empathy: "affective empathy," which refers to the sensations and feelings we have in response to others’ expressions, and "cognitive empathy," which refers to our ability to label and understand other people's emotions--and even take their perspective on things.
Terms:
- affective empathy
- cognitive empathy
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Think of taking a yoga class or a dance class. If you had to do this with the teachersimply explaining step by step verbally what to do it would be much morechallenging than it is when the teacher actually demonstrates it physically andthat’s precisely because of your mirror neurons that are helping you simulate andrepresent that motion prior to actually trying to do it.
Term: mirror neurons
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shown when you block ones ability tomimic a face a facial expression of somebody that’s in front of them by having them,say, bite on a pencil so they can’t use their facial muscles in a spontaneous way,they’re not as good at recognizing the expressions that they see.
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Annotators
URL
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- Nov 2014
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tox.dhs.org tox.dhs.org
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tox-prpl – Tox Protocol Plugin For Pidgin
Tried it. Already works more or less.
I really would like to see TOX in Pidgin and Empathy!
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blogs.gnome.org blogs.gnome.org
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I just tried it with your ppa but get “OTR is not supported on this account” when entering “/otr start” in a Jabber chat.
Anybody knows how to solve this?
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- Jan 2014
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blog.ingineering.it blog.ingineering.it
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The true essence of DevOps is empathy.
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Information exchange requires (and can contribute to) mutual understanding; e.g., empathy.
What is the essence of empathy? Is it mutual understanding? What else is there?
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I was surprised to encounter empathy again in the context of cybernetics. This rediscovery happened thanks to a Twitter exchange with @seungchan. Cybernetics tells us that, in order for any one or any thing to function, it must have a relationship with other people and/or things.
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I first encountered empathy as an explicit design principle in the context of design thinking. You can’t design anything truly useful unless you understand the people for whom you’re designing.
Empathy as a design principle
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- Sep 2013
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caseyboyle.net caseyboyle.netGorgias1
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if there were not some community of feelings among mankind, however varying in different persons—I mean to say, if every man's feelings were peculiar to himself and were not shared by the rest of his species—I do not see how we could ever communicate our impressions to one another.
Isn't that the point of communication, to express differing feelings in order to try and establish some understanding or middle ground?
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