Lucas, C., Vogels, C. B. F., Yildirim, I., Rothman, J. E., Lu, P., Monteiro, V., Gelhausen, J. R., Campbell, M., Silva, J., Tabachikova, A., Peña-Hernandez, M. A., Muenker, M. C., Breban, M. I., Fauver, J. R., Mohanty, S., Huang, J., Shaw, A. C., Ko, A. I., Omer, S. B., … Iwasaki, A. (2021). Impact of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants on mRNA vaccine-induced immunity. Nature, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04085-y

Kustin, T., Harel, N., Finkel, U., Perchik, S., Harari, S., Tahor, M., Caspi, I., Levy, R., Leschinsky, M., Dror, S. K., Bergerzon, G., Gadban, H., Gadban, F., Eliassian, E., Shimron, O., Saleh, L., Ben-Zvi, H., Amichay, D., Ben-Dor, A., … Stern, A. (2021). Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated individuals. MedRxiv, 2021.04.06.21254882. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.21254882

Gebre, M. S., Rauch, S., Roth, N., Yu, J., Chandrashekar, A., Mercado, N. B., He, X., Liu, J., McMahan, K., Martinot, A., Martinez, D. R., Giffin, T., Hope, D., Patel, S., Sellers, D., Sanborn, O., Barrett, J., Liu, X., Cole, A. C., … Barouch, D. H. (2021). Optimization of Non-Coding Regions for a Non-Modified mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. Nature, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04231-6

Anthes, E. (2021, August 19). What to Know About Boosters if You Got the Johnson & Johnson Vaccine. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/health/coronavirus-johnson-vaccine-booster.html

Monto, A. S. (2021). The Future of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination—Lessons from Influenza. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2113403

Iketani, S., Liu, L., Guo, Y., Liu, L., Huang, Y., Wang, M., Luo, Y., Yu, J., Yin, M. T., Sobieszczyk, M. E., Huang, Y., Wang, H. H., Sheng, Z., & Ho, D. D. (2022). Antibody Evasion Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages (p. 2022.02.07.479306). bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.07.479306

Lauring, A. S., Tenforde, M. W., Chappell, J. D., Gaglani, M., Ginde, A. A., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S., Douin, D. J., Talbot, H. K., Casey, J. D., Mohr, N. M., Zepeski, A., Shapiro, N. I., Gibbs, K. W., Files, D. C., Hager, D. N., Shehu, A., Prekker, M. E., Erickson, H. L., … Self, W. H. (2022). Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: Prospective observational study. BMJ, 376, e069761. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069761

Community-Based Research Shows More People Exposed to COVID-19 Virus Than Previously Known: Institute for Policy Research - Northwestern University. (2021, April 13). https://www.ipr.northwestern.edu/news/2021/scan-study-preliminary-findings-of-levels-of-protective-immunity-sars-cov-2.html

Mallapaty, S. (2021). Heart-inflammation risk from Pfizer COVID vaccine is very low. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02740-y

Regev-Yochay, G., Gonen, T., Gilboa, M., Mandelboim, M., Indenbaum, V., Amit, S., Meltzer, L., Asraf, K., Cohen, C., Fluss, R., Biber, A., Nemet, I., Kliker, L., Joseph, G., Doolman, R., Mendelson, E., Freedman, L. S., Harats, D., Kreiss, Y., & Lustig, Y. (2022). 4th Dose COVID mRNA Vaccines’ Immunogenicity & Efficacy Against Omicron VOC (p. 2022.02.15.22270948). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.15.22270948

Five biggest myths about the COVID-19 vaccines, debunked. (n.d.). Fortune. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://fortune.com/2021/10/02/five-biggest-myths-covid-19-vaccines/

Payne, R. P., Longet, S., Austin, J. A., Skelly, D. T., Dejnirattisai, W., Adele, S., Meardon, N., Faustini, S., Al-Taei, S., Moore, S. C., Tipton, T., Hering, L. M., Angyal, A., Brown, R., Nicols, A. R., Gillson, N., Dobson, S. L., Amini, A., Supasa, P., … Zawia, A. A. T. (2021). Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Cell, 184(23), 5699-5714.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011

Eric Feigl-Ding [@DrEricDing]. (2021, November 12). 💡BEST. VIDEO. ALL. YEAR. Please share with friends how the mRNA vaccine works to fight the coronavirus. 📌NOTA BENE—The mRNA never interacts with your DNA 🧬. #vaccinate (Special thanks to the Vaccine Makers Project @vaccinemakers of @ChildrensPhila). #COVID19 https://t.co/CrSGGo6tqq [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1459284608122564610

Eric Feigl-Ding [@DrEricDing]. (2021, November 12). 💡BEST. VIDEO. ALL. YEAR. Please share with friends how the mRNA vaccine works to fight the coronavirus. 📌NOTA BENE—The mRNA never interacts with your DNA 🧬. #vaccinate (Special thanks to the Vaccine Makers Project @vaccinemakers of @ChildrensPhila). #COVID19 https://t.co/CrSGGo6tqq [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1459284608122564610

Pérez-Then, E., Lucas, C., Monteiro, V. S., Miric, M., Brache, V., Cochon, L., Vogels, C. B. F., Cruz, E. D. la, Jorge, A., Santos, M. D. los, Leon, P., Breban, M. I., Billig, K., Yildirim, I., Pearson, C., Downing, R., Gagnon, E., Muyombwe, A., Razeq, J., … Iwasaki, A. (2021). Immunogenicity of heterologous BNT162b2 booster in fully vaccinated individuals with CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron: The Dominican Republic Experience (p. 2021.12.27.21268459). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.27.21268459

🇺🇦 Meaghan Kall [@kallmemeg]. (2021, December 23). VACCINES Speaking of boosters, it’s not great news I’m afraid. Updated vaccine effectiveness analysis shows mRNA boosters beginning to wane from one month (week 5-9) for Omicron, and as low as 30-50% effective from 10 weeks post-booster. This effect is not seen with Delta. Https://t.co/g0tLxH3vLR [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/kallmemeg/status/1474072056878804992

Paul Bieniasz [@PaulBieniasz]. (2021, December 12). It is time to discard the notion that two doses of mRNA means “fully vaccinated” It is time to discard the notion that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection means you don’t need to be vaccinated. [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/PaulBieniasz/status/1470041859053563906

Pan-Hammarström lab. (2022, January 7). Our new study: Heterogeneous vaccination strategy with inactivated vaccine + mRNA booster elicits strong B and T cell response against the WT and VOC including Omicron @VirusesImmunity https://t.co/aBiN9anMBL [Tweet]. @panhammarstrom. https://twitter.com/panhammarstrom/status/1479449892410044419

Brianna Wu. (2021, June 5). MRNA is unbelievably fragile. The enzymes that degrade it are literally everywhere. That’s why they had to develop specialized lipid nanoparticles to deliver it. It would last two seconds in a sewer system. Also, it gets separated from the delivery system after it’s injected. Https://t.co/35dZ6r6UAq [Tweet]. @BriannaWu. https://twitter.com/BriannaWu/status/1400998163968933888

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “RT @Gab_H_R: Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against-Omicron and Delta variants ⚠️ The 3dose VE was 71.6% and 47.4% against Omicron infection (…” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1496032262177136642

Chatterjee, D., Tauzin, A., Marchitto, L., Gong, S. Y., Boutin, M., Bourassa, C., Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Bo, Y., Ding, S., Laumaea, A., Vézina, D., Perreault, J., Gokool, L., Morrisseau, C., Arlotto, P., Fournier, É., Guilbault, A., Delisle, B., Levade, I., … Finzi, A. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike recognition by plasma from individuals receiving BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination with a 16-weeks interval between doses. Cell Reports, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110429

Bartlett, T. (2021, August 12). The Vaccine Scientist Spreading Vaccine Misinformation. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2021/08/robert-malone-vaccine-inventor-vaccine-skeptic/619734/

Zuo, F., Abolhassani, H., Du, L., Piralla, A., Bertoglio, F., Campos-Mata, L. de, Wan, H., Schubert, M., Wang, Y., Sun, R., Cassaniti, I., Vlachiotis, S., Kumagai-Braesch, M., Andréll, J., Zhang, Z., Xue, Y., Wenzel, E. V., Calzolai, L., Varani, L., … Pan-Hammarström, Q. (2022). Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA booster elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (p. 2022.01.04.22268755). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.04.22268755

Prof. Dr. Sanjeev Bagai. (2021, November 23). Comprehensive dossier evidence of effectiveness of third dose Vax. @TVMohandasPai @ARanganathan72 @TimesNow @RShivshankar [Tweet]. @BagaiDr. https://twitter.com/BagaiDr/status/1463121434830512129

Garcia-Beltran, W. F., Denis, K. J. S., Hoelzemer, A., Lam, E. C., Nitido, A. D., Sheehan, M. L., Berrios, C., Ofoman, O., Chang, C. C., Hauser, B. M., Feldman, J., Gregory, D. J., Poznansky, M. C., Schmidt, A. G., Iafrate, A. J., Naranbhai, V., & Balazs, A. B. (2021). MRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (p. 2021.12.14.21267755). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.14.21267755

Carl T. Bergstrom. (2021, November 26). I’d be careful not to overinterpret the following graph from @jburnmurdoch. Yes, the fraction of B.1.1.529 is increasing faster. But I think that is that is largely due to different denominators. Https://t.co/NDhSqJpLlw [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1464061037292883970

These 2 articles form an informational island on covid19 mRNA vaccines.

Diagrams of the presence of proteins versus time in various administration methods in mouse

Where does all the mRNA end up, according to this 2015 study on mice](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC4624045/)?

Here we learn stuff not reorted in the paper.

Tartof, S. Y., Slezak, J. M., Fischer, H., Hong, V., Ackerson, B. K., Ranasinghe, O. N., Frankland, T. B., Ogun, O. A., Zamparo, J. M., Gray, S., Valluri, S. R., Pan, K., Angulo, F. J., Jodar, L., & McLaughlin, J. M. (2021). Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: A retrospective cohort study. The Lancet, 398(10309), 1407–1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02183-8

Vaccine's halg-life was measured just below a day for mice muscles.

Spleen & liver had x30 less mRNA concentration than Lymph nodes closest to the vaccine site, and x70 less the injected muscle.

Lymph-node mRNA half-life is a day.

Simone, A., Herald, J., Chen, A., Gulati, N., Shen, A. Y.-J., Lewin, B., & Lee, M.-S. (2021). Acute Myocarditis Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Adults Aged 18 Years or Older. JAMA Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.5511

Dolgin, Elie. ‘The Tangled History of MRNA Vaccines’. Nature 597, no. 7876 (14 September 2021): 318–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02483-w.

Bastian, H. (2021, June 24). The mRNA Vaccines Are Extraordinary, but Novavax Is Even Better. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/06/novavax-now-best-covid-19-vaccine/619276/

Barros-Martins, J., Hammerschmidt, S. I., Cossmann, A., Odak, I., Stankov, M. V., Morillas Ramos, G., Dopfer-Jablonka, A., Heidemann, A., Ritter, C., Friedrichsen, M., Schultze-Florey, C., Ravens, I., Willenzon, S., Bubke, A., Ristenpart, J., Janssen, A., Ssebyatika, G., Bernhardt, G., Münch, J., … Behrens, G. M. N. (2021). Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after heterologous and homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination. Nature Medicine, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01449-9

Twitter, & Email. (2021, August 20). Vax facts: San Diego researchers debunk 7 common COVID-19 vaccine myths. San Diego Union-Tribune. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/story/2021-08-20/vax-facts-7-common-coronavirus-vaccine-myths-debunked

Barda, N., Dagan, N., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kepten, E., Waxman, J., Ohana, R., Hernán, M. A., Lipsitch, M., Kohane, I., Netzer, D., Reis, B. Y., & Balicer, R. D. (2021). Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2110475

Moderna Completes Submission of Biologics License Application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its COVID-19 Vaccine | Moderna, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved 26 August 2021, from https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-completes-submission-biologics-license-application-us/

Hillus, David, Tatjana Schwarz, Pinkus Tober-Lau, Hana Hastor, Charlotte Thibeault, Stefanie Kasper, Elisa T. Helbig, et al. “Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Homologous and Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunisation with ChAdOx1-NCoV19 and BNT162b2: A Prospective Cohort Study,” June 2, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.19.21257334.

Singer, M. E., Taub, I. B., & Kaelber, D. C. (2021). Risk of Myocarditis from COVID-19 Infection in People Under Age 20: A Population-Based Analysis. MedRxiv, 2021.07.23.21260998. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.23.21260998

Mandavilli, Apoorva. “J.&J. Vaccine May Be Less Effective Against Delta, Study Suggests.” The New York Times, July 20, 2021, sec. Health. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/20/health/coronavirus-johnson-vaccine-delta.html.

Tada, Takuya, Hao Zhou, Marie I. Samanovic, Belinda M. Dcosta, Amber Cornelius, Mark J. Mulligan, and Nathaniel R. Landau. “Comparison of Neutralizing Antibody Titers Elicited by MRNA and Adenoviral Vector Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.” BioRxiv, July 19, 2021, 2021.07.19.452771. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.19.452771.

Prunas, Ottavia, Joshua L. Warren, Forrest W. Crawford, Sivan Gazit, Tal Patalon, Daniel M. Weinberger, and Virginia E. Pitzer. “Vaccination with BNT162b2 Reduces Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to Household Contacts in Israel.” MedRxiv, July 16, 2021, 2021.07.13.21260393. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.13.21260393.

Collier, D. A., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Kotagiri, P., Datir, R., Lim, E., Touizer, E., Meng, B., Abdullahi, A., Elmer, A., Kingston, N., Graves, B., Gresley, E. L., Caputo, D., Bergamaschi, L., Smith, K. G. C., Bradley, J. R., Ceron-Gutierrez, L., Cortes-Acevedo, P., Barcenas-Morales, G., … Gupta, R. K. (2021). Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2. Nature, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03739-1

Wise, J. (2021). Covid-19: Should we be worried about reports of myocarditis and pericarditis after mRNA vaccines? BMJ, 373, n1635. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1635

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD and S2: Cell. (n.d.). Retrieved 18 June 2021, from https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00706-6

Remmel, A. (2021). COVID vaccines and safety: What the research says. Nature, 590(7847), 538–540. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00290-x

Samarakoon, U., Alvarez-Arango, S., & Blumenthal, K. G. (2021). Delayed Large Local Reactions to mRNA Covid-19 Vaccines in Blacks, Indigenous Persons, and People of Color. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2108620

Cirillo, Nicola, and Richard Doan. “Bell’s Palsy and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines—an Unfolding Story.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 0, no. 0 (June 7, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00273-5.

magazine, H. L., Nature. (n.d.). Delaying a COVID Vaccine’s Second Dose Boosts Immune Response in the Elderly. Scientific American. Retrieved 30 May 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/delaying-a-covid-vaccine-rsquo-s-second-dose-boosts-immune-response-in-the-elderly/

Eric Topol. (2021, May 1). Downgrading the concern on B.1.617, the poorly named ‘double mutant’—98% effectiveness of mRNA vaccine in an Israeli outbreak @CT_Bergstrom https://t.co/tGbuwPUmAL —Lab studies: Minimal immune evasion, expected full protection from vaccine @GuptaR_lab https://t.co/AIp24G0ROK https://t.co/AK20UWlDBD [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1388539223230140422

Dr. Tom Frieden. (2021, April 30). Globally, the end of the pandemic isn’t near. More than a million lives depend on improving our response quickly. Don’t be blinded by the light at the end of the tunnel. There isn’t enough vaccine and the virus is gathering strength & speed. Global cooperation is crucial. 1/ [Tweet]. @DrTomFrieden. https://twitter.com/DrTomFrieden/status/1388172436999376899

Shimabukuro, Tom T., Shin Y. Kim, Tanya R. Myers, Pedro L. Moro, Titilope Oduyebo, Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Paige L. Marquez, et al. ‘Preliminary Findings of MRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons’. New England Journal of Medicine 0, no. 0 (21 April 2021): null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104983.

Kolata, G. (2021, April 8). Kati Kariko Helped Shield the World From the Coronavirus. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/08/health/coronavirus-mrna-kariko.html

Andrew💙Croxford. (2020, December 3). NEW THREAD: possible development of anti-Syncytin responses after immunization with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-coding mRNA vaccines, based on a ‘homologous’ region shared between these proteins. [Tweet]. @andrew_croxford. https://twitter.com/andrew_croxford/status/1334593606196187136

“Myths about COVID-19 vaccination - HackMD.” Accessed February 19, 2021. https://hackmd.io/ovEzSQWcRp2bctQn8MYElQ#Myths-about-COVID-19-vaccination.

Susan Cole-Haley on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 17 February 2021, from https://twitter.com/susancolehaley/status/1340231804431773699

CohenNov. 16, J., 2020, & Am, 7:00. (2020, November 16). ‘Just beautiful’: Another COVID-19 vaccine, from newcomer Moderna, succeeds in large-scale trial. Science | AAAS. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/11/just-beautiful-another-covid-19-vaccine-newcomer-moderna-succeeds-large-scale-trial

Corbett, K. S., Edwards, D. K., Leist, S. R., Abiona, O. M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R. A., Himansu, S., Schäfer, A., Ziwawo, C. T., DiPiazza, A. T., Dinnon, K. H., Elbashir, S. M., Shaw, C. A., Woods, A., Fritch, E. J., Martinez, D. R., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., Nagata, B. M., … Graham, B. S. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness. Nature, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0

A COVID-19 vaccine has passed its first human trial. But is it the frontrunner? (2020, May 29). Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/05/coronavirus-vaccine-passes-first-human-trial-but-is-it-frontrunner-cvd/