255 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. P1 who has developed three tumours (Figure 1a) presents a mosaic VHL mutation (c.500G>A, p.(R167Q)) with a frequency of the mutated allele of 5.7%

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 17Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CohortInfo: Eight patients whose pheochromocytomas were suggestive of VHL but were negative for a VHL abnormality both by PCR-Sanger sequencing and by quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF).

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0002666, HP:0030405, HP:0006748 (Hemangioblastoma, Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic endocrine tumor, adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient developed hemangioblastoma at age 16. At age 17 he developed right pheochromocytoma, pancreatic endocrine tumour, and a small left adrenal nodule later stated to be an adrenal pheochromocytoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient is believed to be the same as a patient published in 30731206. That paper offers more updated information on this patient.

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

      VariantEvidence: The patient had a mosaic mutation with a mutated allele frequency of 5.7%.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167Q (c.500 G >A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 10 I 15 37 2 PC (15 years) 1 retinal hb (17 years) 1 EC (17 years) T c.337C > T (p.Arg113X)

      PatientID: I

      KindredID: 10

      Case: Sex Unknown, 37Y0M, Danish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737, HP:0009711, HP:0009715 (pancreatic cysts, retinal capillary hemangioma, Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient was diagnosed with VHL at age 15 and presented with two pheochromocytomas. At age 17, the patient presented with a retinal capillary hemangioma and an epididymal cystadenoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 19863552, 25834951, 27966541, 27539272

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R113* (c.337C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 220414 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/220414/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType:stop_gained

      CivicName: R113* (c.337C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. 5 I 0 28 1 retinal hb (17 years) T c.433C > T (p.Gln145X)

      PatientID: I

      KindredID: 5

      Case: Sex Unknown, 28Y0M, Danish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: 2 family members with the same VHL variant. Patient 5-II presented with 13 CNS hemangioblastomas (11Y, 13Y, 15Y and 17Y), retinal hemangioblastoma (13Y) and 2 pancreatic cysts (16Y). Patient 5-III presented with retinal hemangioblastoma (12Y), pancreatic cysts (12Y), CNS hemangioblastoma (15Y) and kidney disease (12Y).

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with VHL at age 0Y. Presented with retinal hemangioblastoma at 17Y. Age at the end of study: 28Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q145* (c.433C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 625249, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/625249/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition; stop_gained

      CivicName: Q145* (c.433C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 1515, 17FbPCC, TA PGLHTN, sDMNENoNoVHLc.284C>Gbp.(Pro95Arg)No

      PatientID: 15

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 17Y0M, Spanish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CohortInfo: 36 pediatric patients with pheochromocytomas and/or parangangliomas.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666, HP:0002668 (pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient was admitted due to hypertension and secondary diabetes mellitus. She was found to have a norepinephrine secreting bilateral pheochromocytoma at age 15 and a thoracic-abdominal paraganglioma at age 17.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, TMEM127, MAX

      PreviouslyPublished: Yes source unknown.

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P95R (c.284C>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351750809 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.284C%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: P95R (c.284C>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. A female patient observed reduced vision in the right eye at age 17 years. She was diagnosed with retinal angiomatosis of the right eye. Laser therapy and brachytherapy were performed. Vision of the right eye remained reduced to 15%. At age 24, a hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord was resected. At age 27, she underwent craniotomy for a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Genetic testing revealed the mutation VHL c.394 C > T, which predict a truncated VHL protein (Q132X). In 2007, a 20 mm diameter left renal tumor was detected but not resected owing to its small size, as internationally recommended [1].In 2009 at age 38, abdominal MRI and CT angiography showed, in the axial view, a solid, 3.6 × 3.3 cm tumor of the pancreatic tail (Fig. 2a). Early arterial phase imaging after contrast injection revealed that the tumor had significant hyperperfusion. In addition, multiple pancreatic cysts were noted.

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 38Y0M, German

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo:All patients from the German registry for VHL with PNETs >3 cm diameter with tumours located in the pancreatic body or tail region.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0009713, HP:0006880, HP:0009726, HP:0030405, HP:0001737 (retinal capillary hemangioma, spinal hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, renal neoplasm, pancreatic endocrine tumour, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Retinal angiomatosis at age 17, hemangioblastoma of the cervical spinal cord at age 24, cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 27, left renal tumor at age 36. Pancreatic endocrine tumour and pancreatic cysts at age 38. She had a laparoscopy which found an 8-cm retrogastric cyst, 3.2-cm benign PNET, and a serous cystadenoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q132* (c.394C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 288749 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/288749/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q132* (c.394C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Gene sequencing revealed a heterozygous germline mutation ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"NM_000551.3","term_id":"319655736","term_text":"NM_000551.3"}}NM_000551.3(VHL):c.464-1G > C) in the splice site in intron 2 of VHL in the DNA from the peripheral blood of the male patient and nine of his family members (male 4, female 5) (Fig. 3a). In total, five of these nine patients from three generations underwent a total of nine surgical resections for CNS-related HGBs, with an average of 1.8 ± 1.3 surgeries (range: 1–4). All resected lesions were located in the cerebellum. Figure 4 shows the genetic investigation used in this study. In the first, second, and third generations, the ages at which the first operation for CNS HGBs was performed were 67, 32.3, and 17 years, respectively. Notably, the age at which the first operation for CNS HGBs was performed was younger in the children (younger generation) than in their parents (older generation). Additionally, only the mother of the male patient with the {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"NM_000551.3","term_id":"319655736","term_text":"NM_000551.3"}}NM_000551.3(VHL):c.464-1G > C variant was diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and underwent left nephrectomy.

      PatientID: III-1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 17Y0M, Chinese (East Asian)

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: A total of 9 of family members (4 male; 5 female) in a 3 generation family were associated with VHL at the splice mutation: c.464-1G>C. 5 members underwent cerebellar HB lesion resections, including his mother, aunt and uncle, and 1 member had RCC. (See Fig 4).

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: He had his first operation for HB at 17Y. No further details were discussed.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: c.464-1G>C

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223220 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223220

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: splice_site_variant

      CivicName: Splice Site (c.464-1G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: None

      KindredID: VHL11

      Case: M, 17Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CohortInfo: A total of 190 patients recruited by the COMETE network over 15 years were included in the study.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had one benign pheochromocytoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET/SDHB/SDHC/SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Table 1 of Supplementary

      Variant: p.Y156C (c.467A>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 43600, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43600/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: The patient had LOH found in the BAC array CGH data.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Y156C (c.467A>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 19

      Case: F, 33Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Positive. The patient's son was the proband (1) and carried the mutation but was asymptomatic. The proband's uncle (7) carried the mutation and presented with symptoms. The proband's cousin (9) and first cousin once removed (22) were also found to have the mutation but were asymptomatic.

      CohortInfo: 20 unrelated VHL families from an ethnically diverse cohort containing both affected and unaffected individuals.

      CasePresentingHPOs:HP:0010797, HP:0005584, HP:0001732, HP:0000077 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, abnormality of the pancreas, abnormality of the kidney)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a hemangioblastoma at ages 17, 24, 30. At age 25 she presented with renal cell carcinoma and abnormalities of the kidney and pancreas.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma )

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: The patient did not have epididymal or ovarian cysts.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 31368132

      SupplementalData: Supplementary file 1.

      Variant: p.W88* (c.263G>A)

      LegacyVariant: p.W88* (c.476G>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182978 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182978/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: W88* (c.263G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 45-year old Japanese woman

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 45Y0M, Japanese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No evidence of a family history of VHL.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0030405; HP:0006880; HP:0006748; HP:0009711; HP:0001732; HP:0002896 (Pancreatic cysts, Pancreatic endocrine tumor, Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Adrenal pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Abnormality of the pancreas, Neoplasm of the liver)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband had a cerebellar hemangioblastoma resected at age 17, retinal hemangioblastoma surgery at age 26, and an adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma at age 30. An abdominal CT revealed a 4cm abdominal mass and diffuse pancreatic cystic lesions, diagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText:

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Q132* (c.394C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 288749, (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/288749/)

      CAID: CA10606205 (http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/by_caid?caid=CA10606205)

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Q132* (c.394C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 163

      KindredID: 63

      Case: F, 37Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 163) had a brother and niece who were both confirmed with the mutation. The brother (patient 164) had a CNS hemangioblastoma at 27, retinal angioma at 26, and pheochromocytoma at 8 years old. The niece (patient 165) was asymptomatic at the time of analysis. The proband also had a mother (patient 166) who had multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors and a pheochromocytoma at age 56, but for whom no DNA sample was available for analysis.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0010797; HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma, Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a pheochromocytoma at 37, and at age 37 presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.R161Q (c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/?new_evidence=true

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: R161Q (c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. V155L

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: A

      Case: F, 17Y0M, Welsh

      DiseaseAssertion: Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: The patient had a brother that presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma at 11Y. The patient also had an asymptomatic parent.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma at 17Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V84L(c.250G>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.V155L(c.463G>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: bandshift in exon 1 and genomic sequencing indicated a G>T transversion at nucleotide 463, substituting a valine for leucine at codon 155 (V155L). Leading to NM_000551.3:p.V84L(c.250G>T)

      ClinVarID: 2236, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2236

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V84L(c.250G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  2. Oct 2026
    1. PatientID: 88 (Second cousin)

      KindredID: 18

      Case: F, 52Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 11 members of this family tested positive for the c.712C>T/c.499C>T germline variant of the VHL gene. 14 members of this family were assumed to carry this variant due to family history/personal medical history. Members of this family range from asymptomatic to multi-organ involvement (pheochromocytoma, pancreatic and renal cysts/tumors and hemangioblastomas). The family was previously reported in PMID 3942913.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0002666 (Hemangioblastoma, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: This patient presented with CNS hemangioblastoma (18Y) and pheochromocytoma (17Y).

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0000077; HP:0001732; HP:0009711 (Renal cell carcinoma, Abnormality of the kidney, Abnormality of the pancreas, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 3942913 (some members of this family are previously reported (phenotypes only) but unable to match patients across papers with confidence)

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Authors state that the c.712C>T germline familial variant of the VHL gene in this patient is “inferred from the family”. No genetic testing was done on this patient to confirm this. Being that this familial variant is out of bound with respect to the NM_000551.3 reference sequence, it was concluded that this variant is noted in the Latif et al. (1993) reference and was translated to c.499C>T (NM_000551.3).

      MutationType: N/A

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 231616N—Y17NNYYYc.74C>Tb; 256C>A

      PatientID: 23

      KindredID: 16

      Case: Sex Unknown, 17Y0M, Brazilian (Latino/Admixed American)

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405; HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0009711 (pancreatic endocrine tumor, hemangioblastoma, pancreatic cyst, retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient developed a 2.2 cm PNET at age 17. Patient was also recorded with all of the above manifestations

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002668, HP:0002666; HP:0005584; HP:0000107 (Paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cyst)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.P86T (256C>A)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351750624 https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.256C%3EA

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: P25L (c.74C>T) and P86T (c.256C>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, VHL, c.74C>T (p.Pro25Leu)

    1. 2. Presentation of CaseA 17-year-old girl was referred to our department for the investigation of a newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and a severe arterial hypertension. She was the first child of consanguineous parents. Her past medical history was unremarkable. Her family history was notable for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia but no history of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, unexplained sudden death, or condition that may lead to thinking about VHL disease was reported.As symptoms, the patient complained of headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, and hot flashes since one month. She reported also asthenia and body weight loss of five kilograms in two weeks.On examination, she had a body weight of 50 kg, a body height of 154 cm, a body mass index of 21.1 kg/m2, a blood pressure of 200/100 mmHg without orthostatic hypotension, a regular pulse of 120 bpm, and a large abdominal café-au-lait spot (Figure 1). Thyroid, abdominal, and neurological examinations were normal.Open in a separate windowFigure 1A large abdominal café-au-lait spot.Twenty-four-hour blood pressure monitoring confirmed the diagnosis of hypertension and the presence of peaks of 230/110 mmHg. Electrocardiogram showed a sinus tachycardia. Capillary glucose level was 2.68 g/l without ketosis.Fundoscopy showed grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy without any other abnormalities.The results of biological investigations are shown in Table 1.Table 1Biological parameters before and after surgery. Before surgeryAfter surgeryReference rangesFasting glucose level (mmol/l)16.394.784.12–5.55Glycated hemoglobin (%)10.125.91≤5.6Total cholesterol (mmol/l)11.835.233.1–5.18Triglycerides (mmol/l)2.431.210.57–1.71Natremia (mmol/l)135140135–145Kalemia (mmol/l)3.343.6–5Creatinine (mg/L)664–13Calcium (mg/L)111.29888–105Phosphate (mg/L)443627–45Albumin (g/l)47.22—35–52Intact PTH∗ (μg/L)1825411–62TSH (mUI/L)0.625—0.12–3.4FT4 (ng/dl)1.31—0.71–1.85Calcitonin (ng/L)2.70—<10.0024 h-urine NMN (μg/24)315057030–60024 h-urine MN (μg/24)40.21220–34524 h-urine sodium (mmol/24 h)88.5— 24 h-urine potassium (mmol/24 h)60— 24 h-urine calcium (mg/24 h)200— 24 h-proteinuria (g/24)0.3—<0.3Open in a separate windowPTH: parathormone, TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone, FT4: free-T4, NMN: normetanephrines, MN: metanephrines. ∗The intact PTH dosage was made using 3rd generation chemiluminescence immunoassay.The diagnosis of clinically suspected pheochromocytoma was confirmed by the dosage of urinary methoxylated derivatives at 5 times the upper limit of normal. In addition, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and primary hyperparathyroidism were made.The abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed two adrenal masses: the first on the right measuring 35 × 55 × 70 mm with a spontaneous density of 30 HU heterogeneously enhanced in the arterial time showing areas of necrosis with an absolute washout of 40%, the second on the left measuring 24 × 27 mm with the same characteristics as the first one (Figure 2). There were neither other localizations nor lymph nodes. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy exhibited a high accumulation of the tracer in both adrenal tumors with no other localization. Cervical ultrasound and 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy were normal. Cardiac ultrasound was normal.Open in a separate windowFigure 2Abdominal computed tomography showing the two adrenal masses (two white arrows).

      PatientID: N/A (case)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 18Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Not relevant - She was the first child of consanguineous parents. Her family history was notable for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia but no history of pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, unexplained sudden death, or condition relevant to VHL. However, the family screening for VHL has not been performed.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748; HP:0000819; HP:0008200 (adrenal pheochromocytoma; Diabetes mellitus; hyperparathyroidism)

      CaseHPOFreeText: First brought to clinic for newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and severe arterial hypertension. As symptoms, the patient complained of headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, and hot flashes since one month. She reported also asthenia and body weight loss of five kilograms in two weeks. Pheochromocytoma was confirmed. CT showed adrenal masses: Right measuring 35×55×70mm, and left measuring 24×27mm. She underwent a bilateral adrenalectomy in two steps. Pathological examination confirmed bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas. 12 months post, follow up is clear.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Thyroid, abdominal, and neurological examinations were normal.

      CasePreviousTesting: RET

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R64P (c.191G>C)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2226 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2226/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: R64P (c.191G>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 510, 17MbPCCLPNEYes (17 years/lung)NoVHLc.499C>T (de novo)bp.(Arg167Gln)No

      PatientID: 5

      KindredID: 7

      Case: M, 17Y0M, Spanish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No family history, assumed de-novo, but unclear if parents were tested to confirm de-novo assertion.

      CohortInfo: 36 pediatric patients with pheochromocytomas and/or parangangliomas.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a benign bilateral pheochromocytoma that was secreting norepinephrine at age 10. At age 17, the pheochromocytoma reoccured but this time was malignant and metastasized to the lungs.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, TMEM127, MAX

      PreviouslyPublished: Yes source unknown.

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T) *The authors of this paper have seemingly called the wrong protein change for this variant.

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. her 17-year-old sister

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 17Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Retinal hemangioblastoma

      FamilyInfo: The heterozygous missense variant NM_000551.3:c.311G>T was identified on her 21-year-old sister and her mother, but not her father. The sister had hypertension and a paraganglioma. The patient’s mother had refused a complete staging.

      CasePresentingHPOs:HP:0009711 (Retinal hemangioblastoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient’s evaluation was normal with the exception of a small retinal hemangioblastoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.G104V(c.311G>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223183, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223183

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: G104V(c.311G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 12 I 5 21 5 retinal hb (5 + 13 + 14 years) 6 CNS hb (15 + 17 years) 3 PC (15 years) T c.l-?_463 + ?del

      PatientID: I

      KindredID: 12

      Case: Sex Unknown, 21Y0M, Danish

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: N/A

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0001737 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Hemangioblastoma, Pancreatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Diagnosed with VHL at age 5Y. Presented with 5 retinal hemangioblastoma (5Y, 13Y, 14Y) 6 CNS hemangioblastoma (15Y, 17Y) 3 pancreatic cysts (15Y). Age at the end of study: 21Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: Exon 1-2 Deletion (c.1-?_463+?del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: exon_loss_variant

      CivicName: Exon 1-2 Deletion

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. In 1996, we described a 3 generation VHL 2A kindred with 11 mutation carriers. We aim to share our experience regarding the long-term follow-up of this family

      PatientID: 19

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 17Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: This patient was a member of family 1, where 14/32 total patients were diagnosed with VHL. One of which (I-32) was a mutational carrier with down syndrome. The other 13 patients had varying phenotypes, including adrenal pheochromocytoma, pancreatic endocrine tumors, liver and bone metastases, paraganglioma, cerebellar, spinal, and retinal hemangioblastomas, polycythemia, and chondrosarcoma. See Fig. 1 for family pedigree.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748; HP:0030405 (adrenal pheochromocytoma; pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient presented with his initial VHL-related clinical manifestations at 17Y0M. She had adrenal pheochromocytoma and pancreatic endocrine tumor. She was diagnosed with VHL subtype 2A at age 18Y0M (see table 1).

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002668 (paraganglioma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: Patient does not have paraganglioma.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 8550742

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V166F (c.496G>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2224, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2224/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

      CivicName: V166F (c.496G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  3. Sep 2026
    1. Patient 1 is 44 years old and presented in 1991 aged 23 with deteriorating central vision and visual acuity (VA) of 6/36 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left. Fundus photography in 1994 identified bilateral numerous yellowish-white flecks at the posterior pole (Fig. 1). In 2003, her VA was 6/60 in each eye, with bilateral macular atrophy surrounded by flecks (Fig. 1). Autofluorescence (AF) imaging in 2005 detected a localized low signal at the macula with numerous foci of abnormal signal (Fig. 1). By 2008, the macular atrophy had enlarged and flecks were less apparent.

      Case#: Female, age 44 years old

      DiseaseAssertion: Discordant STGD phenotype

      FamilyInfo: Information revolving the sister of this patient is given as well as they both have a discordant STGD phenotype. Additionally, it mentions that the parents each harboured a mutation but were asymptomatic/had normal examination results.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001141, HP:0007401, HP:0030602

      CaseHPOFreeText: At 23 central vision was deteriorating and patient had a VA of 6/36 in the right eye and 6/60 in the left. Through fundus photography, bilateral yellow/white flecks were found at the posterior pole. 12 years later, her VA was retested and it was 6/60 in both eyes. After autofluorescnece (AF) imaging was done, there was localized low signal at the macula found with abnromal foci. In 2008 her macular atrophy had enlarged and the flecks were less apparent.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/a

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: In this article there was not a phenotype presented that was normal.

      CasePreviousTesting: It mentioned that there were two previously reported variants on the same allele detected in the siblings and one unique novel variant on the second allele for this patient. However, the testing they used was not listed, it just stated that the variants were found through sequencing. For this patient the variants were p.L541P/p.A1038V and p.R881C.

      GenotypingMethod: Just mentioned sequencing and ABCA4 screening to look for two variants p.L541V and p.A1038V and a third novel variant p.R881C.

      PreviouslyPublished: N/a

      Variant: 1) NM_000350.3(ABCA4):c.1622T>C (p.Leu541Pro) 2) NM_000350.3(ABCA4):c.3113C>T (p.Ala1038Val) 3) N/a

      ClinVar ID: 1) 99067 2) 7894 3) N/a

      **CAID: ** 3) Because there was not a reference or alternate allele provided in this article I was unable to find a CAID for p.R881C.

      gnomAD: 1) Highest minor allele frequency was 0.00017 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/99067/) 2) Highest minor allele frequency was 0.00188 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/7894/) 3) N/a

      SupplementalData: Figure 1 had information regarding imaging and other testing done on the patient that is vital for phenotypic characterization. Also, it mentions a variant known as p.R881C, but was unable to find anything on ClinVar or gnomAD.

  4. May 2026
  5. Jan 2026
  6. Nov 2025
  7. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. Much rich treasure he’s bringing back home from Troy 40out of the booty, while we, who went through the selfsameventure as he did, are returning empty-handed!

      It’s interesting how jealousy makes the crew completely forget Odysseus actually saved them.

  8. Jun 2025
  9. May 2025
  10. Apr 2025
    1. "Among the blacks of Africa I have also seen some very beautiful women who did not have thick lips and snub noses...they had an 'aquiline nose, small mouth, coral lips, ivory teeth, large bright eyes, gentle features and a bosom and everything else of utter perfection.'" p. 17

      Their beauty for white male mariners and merchants was predicated on having non-traditional African features and instead a proximity to white-European features (i.e. similar to the Goddess Venus).

  11. Mar 2025
  12. southtexascollege.blackboard.com southtexascollege.blackboard.com
    1. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that, self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.

      In line 16 and 17, the speaker essentially tells the listener that if they were to kill the flea, it would be a ot only self-murder, but the murder of three lives: their own, the speaker's, and the flea's. In line 18, the speaker places the flea on this holy pedestal, treating it as if it were sacred . By doing this, he makes it seem as though killing it would be a greater offense than it really is.

    1. Nach den Erfahrungen mit den Angriffen der ersten Trump-Administration auf die Wissenschaft haben Wissenschaftler:innen in den USA verschiedene Maßnahmen zum Schutz wissenschaftlicher Institutionen ergriffen. Die New York TImes berichtet ausführlich über diese scientific integrity policies, die wissenschaftliche Arbeit öffentlich beobachtbar machen, aber politische Einflussnahme ausschließen sollen. Die Biden- und schon die Obama-Administration haben scientific integrity policies gefördert. Zu den Maßnahmen gehören die Benennung von Verantwortlichen für wissenschaftliche Integrität in Behörden und Kollektivverträge, die die Disziplinierung von Forschenden erschweren.

      Zum „War on Science“ schon der ersten Trump-Regierung gehörte außer Entlassungen von Wissenschaftler:innen auch die Anordnung der Verfälschung von Forschungsergebnissen. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/17/climate/trump-government-scientists.html

  13. Feb 2025
  14. Jan 2025
    1. Polish macro-historian Felix Koneczny predated Samuel Huntingon’s famous “Clash of Civilizations”,

      for - Clash of civilisations - Felix Koneczny predated Samuel Huntingon - SOURCE - article - Substack - The three civilizational priorities of the next societal transition - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 17

    2. creative minorities

      for - definition - creative minorities - Arnold Toynbee, author of The Study of History - groups capable of inspiring action among the larger, less-educated, and less-visionary masses - SOURCE - article - Substack - The three civilizational priorities of the next societal transition - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 17

    3. Think of how unproven axioms are necessary to make a rational mathematics possible. This is what, anthropologically and historically speaking, religion and spirituality originally provided, the minimal unspoken premises of societal

      for - comparison - axioms of mathematics - religious axioms for society - SOURCE - article - Substack - The three civilizational priorities of the next societal transition - Michel Bauwens - 2025, Jan 17

  15. Dec 2024
  16. Nov 2024
    1. A study published in Nature Climate Change estimated a reduction of 17% in daily emissions in early April 2020 (Figure 1). Greenhouse gas emissions had a reduction of 17 percent from a year earlier on April 7. At the time, China, the United States, India, and other major carbon-emitting countries were all at high levels of quarantine. Overall, daily carbon dioxide emissions decreased by an average of 8.6% between January and April compared to the same period in 2019 (Figure 1).

      for - stats - carbon emissions reduction during covid - decarbonization rate - 17% in early April 2020 and 8.6% average between Jan and Apr 2020 compared to same period in 2019

  17. Oct 2024
    1. Die von Waldbränden außerhalb der Tropen verursachten Emissionen haben sich seit 2001 fast verdreifacht. Weltweit haben die Emissionen durch Waldbrände in dieser Zeit um 60% zugenommen. Ursache dafür ist die Kombination von heißerem und trockenerem Wetter mit dem schnelleren Wachstum der Wälder durch die höheren Temperaturen. Die Wälder können durch die Brände jahrzehntelang zu Emittenten werden. Damit ist die Funktion der Wälder als Kohlenstoffsenken gefährdet. Das bedeutet auch, dass sie andere anthropogene Emissionen weniger kompensieren und die Fähigkeit verlieren, nach einem Überschreiten der 1,5°-Grenze C0<sub>2</sub> aus der Atmosphäre zu entfernen. Außerdem müssten diese von Menschen verursachten Emissonen den C0<sub>2</sub>-Budgets der Nationalstaaten zugeordnet werden.

      https://theconversation.com/forest-fires-are-shifting-north-and-intensifying-heres-what-that-means-for-the-planet-241337

  18. Sep 2024
  19. Aug 2024
  20. Jul 2024
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_effect

      The Matthew effect of accumulated advantage, sometimes called the Matthew principle, is the tendency of individuals to accrue social or economic success in proportion to their initial level of popularity, friends, and wealth. It is sometimes summarized by the adage or platitude "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer". The term was coined by sociologists Robert K. Merton and Harriet Zuckerman in 1968 and takes its name from the Parable of the Talents in the biblical Gospel of Matthew.

      related somehow to the [[Lindy effect]]?

    1. Please sign these letters to legislators, telling them that misguided AI laws will hurt startups and small companies and discourage AI innovation and investment in California.AI offers tremendous benefits, but many fear AI and worry about potential harm and misuse. These are valid concerns for everyone, including legislators, but laws that promote safe and equitable AI should be fact-based, straightforward, and universally applied. Legislators in Sacramento are considering two proposals, AB 2930 and SB 1047, that would impose costly and unpredictable burdens on AI developers, including anticipating and preventing future harmful uses of AI. Though well-intended, these bills will dampen and inhibit innovation, permanently embed today’s AI leaders as innovation gatekeepers, and drive investment and talent to other states and countries.

      https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeR5VrXxDJA3sJtkWDAKLH1TT0havDxmCf9PYAupxECu1BQYw/viewform

  21. May 2024
    1. Das globale Durchschnittseinkommen wird bei der jetzt zu erwartenden globalen Erhitzung 2050 fast um ein Fünttel niedriger sein als ohne Erhitzung. Die (nicht mehr zu vermeidenden) Einbußen durch die Erhitzung bis 2050 sind sechsmal so hoch wie die einer Begrenzung des Temperaturanstiegs auf 2°. 2050 ist einer neuen Studie zufolge mit Klimaschäden von etwa 38 Bllionen Dollar zu rechnen. Bis 2100 wird es in einem Business-as-usual-Szenario zu Einkommensverlusten von mehr als 60% kommen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/17/climate-crisis-average-world-incomes-to-drop-by-nearly-a-fifth-by-2050

    1. Der Artikel im Guardian stellt eine neue Studie dar, aus der hervorgeht, wie viel von der bereits existierenden Infrastruktur zur Förderung fossiler Brennstoff stillgelegt werden muss, um das 1,5° Ziel zu erreichen. Dabei geht die Autoren davon aus, dass man CO2 nicht realistisch wieder aus der Atmosphäre entfernen kann, und dass das 1,5° Ziel also nur zu erreichen ist, wenn nicht zu viel emittiert wird. Diese Studie fordert das Gegenteil der Planungen der fossilen Industrien, über der über die der Guardian gerade berichtet hatte. Der Artikel ist auch bemerkenswert, weil er auf eine Reihe weiterer wichtiger Studien zu fossilen Lagerstätten verweist.

  22. Apr 2024
  23. Mar 2024
  24. Feb 2024
    1. Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln (face rubbed), in mitre and red cope, with crosier, seated on left speaks to a seated group of five people, mostly women. Tree on right; large bird with long beak at top.

      image of MS 522 f1r Lambeth Palace Library

      Folio 1 of MS 522 of Château d'amour

      Close up of inset image via link close up of image on folio 1r of Château d'amour

      Book and images mentioned in Chapter 2 of @Duncan2022 Index, A History of the

  25. Jan 2024
    1. Der grönländische Eisschild verliert aufgrund der globalen Erhitzung 30 Millionen Tonnen Eis pro Stunde und damit 20% mehr als bisher angenommen. Manche Forschende fürchten, dass damit das Risiko eines Kollaps des Amoc größer ist als bisher angenommen. Der Eisverlust ist außerdem relevant für die Berechnung des Energie-Ungleichgewichts der Erde durch Treibhausgas-Emissionen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/17/greenland-losing-30m-tonnes-of-ice-an-hour-study-reveals

      Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06863-2.epdf?sharing_token=iqz0ns4_X6P1af3896jdntRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0Pcew_aMz7qHMDjrF_9OLTexA24mQs8ERV-259eCQry-G1-OcR886jfHOICrWGcm8cGg2VLBlaWiYSzX6VygthHh72iiwkk1tHZcLD1G1oJIqdPha0A1oTMHLlfMAnTQrtd8PDFsj4xKAmTnOSL-6mrcbTbHbswhJaFji9IbAnyGW2pLAYwREeh-QWIL9xUFdsDBojJhNYWYoijtYUQx5YCyfzCJPGOEtlLO_PeIU9Tip8BaF24vqXfHcmad2_vz5eg0jcny8HHzO0uvDtSh_Bhym1eC8D25wZM6uZZ5vH9BA%3D%3D&tracking_referrer=www.theguardian.com

    1. Die Desinformation zur globalen Erhitzung hat sich von der Klimaleugnung hin zum Säen von Zweifeln an möglichen Lösungen verschoben. Einer neuer Studie zufolge sind wichtige Strategien auf Youdas Tube das Herunterspielen der negativen Konsequenzen, Erzeugen von Misstrauen in die Klimaforschung und vor allem die Behauptung, dass vorhandene technische Lösungen nicht praktikabel sind. Außerdem werden Verschwörungstheorien wie die vom Grand Reset bemüht. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2024/01/17/news/negazionismo_climatico_youtube-421894897/

      Studie: https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CCDH-The-New-Climate-Denial_FINAL.pdf

    1. Der Ausbau der Windenergie in Deutschland hat sich unter der Ampelkoalition beschleunigt. Es werden aber im Augenblick nur etwa halt so viele Anlagen gebaut, wie es nach den Plänen der Bundesregierung nötig wäre. In den südlichen Bundesländern ist der Ausbau viel zu langsam. Genehmigungsverfahren z.B. für den Transport dauern zu lange. https://taz.de/Ausbau-der-Windenergie/!5983011/

    1. Die europäische Solar-Industrie ist in einer schweren Krise, weil chinesische Unternehmen mit wesentlich billigeren Modulen auf den europäischen Markt drängen. Die Subventionen der USA für die eigene Industrie verstärkt diesen Druck. Wenn die deutsche Regierung ihre Subventionspolitk nicht ändert, wird der Hersteller Meyer Burger sein deutsches waren schließen und nur noch in den USA produzieren. https://www.handelsblatt.com/unternehmen/energie/erneuerbare-energie-solarausruester-meyer-burger-droht-mit-schliessung-der-deutschen-modulproduktion/100007780.html

    1. Eine neue Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Haltung zu fünf großen Krisen das Wahlverhalten der Europäer:innen in diesem Jahr bestimmen wird: der Klimakrise, der Migrationskrise, der Wirtschaftskrise und Inflation, dem Ukraine-Krieg und Covid. Klimakrise und Migration hätten, wie schon bei den Wahlen in der Niederlanden, ide größte Kraft Wähler zu mobilisieren. Die Autor:innen sprechen von einem "Clash zweier 'Extinction rebellions'". Als wichtigste Krisen werden im Durchschnitt der europäischen Länder die Klimakrise und dann Covid bewertet.

      https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/17/crises-have-split-european-voters-into-five-tribes-survey-suggests

      Report: https://ecfr.eu/publication/a-crisis-of-ones-own-the-politics-of-trauma-in-europes-election-year/

  26. Dec 2023
    1. Le comité départemental de suivi de l'école inclusive encourage le développement des actions de formation croisée en matière d'école inclusive et de coopération. Il en dresse le bilan
  27. Nov 2023
    1. Auf den Öl- und Gasfeldern der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, darunter vielen, die der staatlichen Gesellschaft Adnoc gehören, wurde in den vergangenen 20 Jahren in großem Umfang routinemäßig Gas abgefackelt, was zu hohen Methanemissionen führt. Die Emirate hatten sich verpflichtet, das Abfackeln schnell zu reduzieren. Die dieser Selbstverpflichtung krass widersprechende Praxis gilt bei NGO als weiterer Beleg dafür, dass Selbstverpflichtungen der Fossilindustrie nicht getraut werden kann. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/17/cop28-host-uae-breaking-its-own-ban-on-routine-gas-flaring-data-showsactor

    1. all students are more likely to demonstrate perseverance if the school or classroom context helps them develop positive mindsets and effective learning strategies.”

      How can we. help students develop positive mindsets and effective learning strategies?

    2. If they hear the message that a failure is a final verdict on their ability, they may well give up and pull back from school. But if instead they get the message that a failure is a temporary stumble, or even a valuable opportunity to learn and improve, then that setback is more likely to propel them to invest more of themselves in their education.

      Are these the only two types of messages a student can receive in response to their failure?

    3. She was particularly interested in what she called the “narrative” that exists within each school with regard to success and failure — the messages, subtle and not so subtle, that students receive when they fai

      What is the "narrative" at your SL school that a student receives when they fail?

    4. institutional structures affect individual behavior and, specifically, how certain educational structures — like school funding mechanisms, teacher contracts, or patterns of segregation — might incline students toward success or failure.

      So Farrington was looking at the issue from a individual level (psych), as well as more societal/institutional level (sociology)

  28. Oct 2023
  29. Sep 2023
    1. Find Alarm now replaces Get All Alarms, retrieving all alarms or only those which match filter criteria

      Can't believe what I long called "by far and away Siri's most important function in my life" must now be intentionally configured and (non-verbally) triggered in the form of a Siri Shortcut.

      Thank you.

    2. Transcribe Audio generates text from an audio file

      This technically works, yes, but - as I noticed on the very first beta build - the actual output has an absurdly low character(?) limit, after which it simply cuts off.

    1. Passengers must have an iPhone with iOS 17 or later, but don’t need to have an Apple Music subscription.

      Well, now I've confirmed the most crucial answer I needed answering about iOS 17...

      ...now just to figure out how I'm going to make this happen.

  30. Jun 2023
  31. Mar 2023
    1. against me this one seemed to be advancingwith head erect and with such raging hunger,that even the air seemed terrified thereby—and of a she-Wolf, which with every lustseemed in her leanness laden, and had caused 50many ere now to lead unhappy lives.

      This imply that lust is the most difficult one for humans to overcome.

    2. I had his hair wrapped round my hand already,and more than one shock had I plucked from him,while he was barking, with his eyes turned down

      Now Dante fully accepted the fact that God is justice. Those people deserve to be punished like this.

  32. Jan 2023

    Tags

    Annotators

  33. Aug 2022
    1. Benjy Renton. (2021, November 16). New data update: Drawing from 23 states reporting data, 5.3% of kids ages 5-11 in these states have received their first dose. Vermont leads these states so far in vaccination rates for this age group—17%. The CDC will begin to report data for this group late this week. Https://t.co/LMJXl6lo6Z [Tweet]. @bhrenton. https://twitter.com/bhrenton/status/1460638150322180098

  34. May 2022
  35. Nov 2021
  36. Aug 2021
  37. Jun 2021
  38. Mar 2021
    1. Results for individual PALB2 variants were normalized relative to WT-PALB2 and the p.Tyr551ter (p.Y551X) truncating variant on a 1:5 scale with the fold change in GFP-positive cells for WT set at 5.0 and fold change GFP-positive cells for p.Y551X set at 1.0. The p.L24S (c.71T>C), p.L35P (c.104T>C), p.I944N (c.2831T>A), and p.L1070P (c.3209T>C) variants and all protein-truncating frame-shift and deletion variants tested were deficient in HDR activity, with normalized fold change <2.0 (approximately 40% activity) (Fig. 1a).

      AssayResult: 1

      AssayResultAssertion: Abnormal

      StandardErrorMean: 0

    1. Most Suspected Brugada Syndrome Variants Had (Partial) Loss of Function

      AssayResult: 77.5

      AssayResultAssertion: Normal

      ReplicateCount: 30

      StandardErrorMean: 8.6

      Comment: This variant had normal function (75-125% of wildtype peak current, <1% late current, no large perturbations to other parameters). These in vitro features are consistent with non-disease causing variants. (Personal communication: A. Glazer)

  39. Feb 2021
  40. Jun 2019
    1. The fluctuation maps (Fu) were calculated from the MD trajectories of the 0-chains as described earlier (Hery et al, 1997). The fluctuation value Fy is given by the equation, where dy(t) is the distance between a pair of designated atoms ( ca atoms as used here) at time t and the angle brackets represent time averages. The Fy values are the standard deviation of interatomic distance. The fluctuation maps in Figure 6 has a black dot wherever the Fu value is less than or equal to 0.5A. Thus dark regions of the map indicate those parts of the molecule which undergo strongly coupled movements.
  41. May 2019
    1. Gametocyte rich parasite lysate was prepared using lysis buffer containing phosphatase inhibitors (20IlM sodium fluoride, 20llM ~-glycerophosphate, and IOOIlM sodium vanadate). For some experiments, 2mM calcium or 2 mM EGTA was added to the lysis buffer. IOOllg of lysate protein was incubated with PfCDPK4 anti-sera (1:100 ratio) for 12 h at 4°C on an end-to-end shaker. Subsequently, 50 III of protein A+G-Sepharose (Amersham Biosciences) was added to the antibody-protein complex and incubated on an end-to-end shaker for 2 h. The beads were washed with phosphate-buffer saline three times at 4°C and were resuspended in kinase assay buffer that contained phosphatase inhibitors.
    1. nzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect cytokine secretion from human THP-1 macrophages upon activation with LPS. The ELISAs were performed according to manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, THP-1 macrophages were subjected to various treatments and after appropriate time interval the cell culture supernatants were harvested. The capture antibodies for the individual cytokines were diluted 1:250 in coating buffer (0.1 M Sodium carbonate, pH 9.5) and 100 flL was ali quoted into each well of a 96 well ELISA plate (BD biosciences ). The plates were incubated at 4°C for 16 h following which three washes with 0.05% PBS-Tween-20 were given. Blocking was performed using 200 flL of assay diluent (PBS with 10% FCS) per well for 1 h at room temperature following which 1 00 flL of appropriately diluted standards and samples were added and incubated for 2 h at room temperature. A total of 5 washes with 0.05% PBS-Tween-20 were given and the plates were subsequently incubated with 100 flL of detection antibody and streptavidin-HRP for 1 h at room temperature following which 5 washes were given. 100 flL of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate was aliquoted into each well and incubated for 15 min at room temperature in dark following which 50 flL of stop solution (2N H2S04) was added to terminate the reaction. The absorbance was read at 450 nm and the cytokine levels in the samples were derived based on the OD45o values obtained with standards of known concentration
    1. with appropriate antibiotics. Serial dilutions of the toxin, made in 0.2% HSA were added to the cells and incubated for indicated time periods. After incubation, the adherent cells were labeled with 0.25 J!Ci eH] leucine per well and the suspension cells with 0.75 J!Ci eH] leucine per well for 3 hat 37 °C. The cells were harvested on to filtermats using an automatic cell harvester, and the incorporation of the eH] leucine in the newly synthesized proteins was estimated using LKB ~-plate counter. Activity was expressed as percentage of control where no toxin was added to the cells. To check the specificity of chimeric toxins for TFR, 10 J.Lg of anti-TFR antibody (HB21) was added to each well prior to the addition of the fusion protein in the competition experiments.
    2. Cytotoxic activity of restrictocin, its mutants and chimeric toxins was checked on a variety of cell lines. The cellular protein synthesis was assayed in the absence and presence of various concentrations of toxin by measuring eH] leucine incorporation in the newly synthesized proteins. Adherent cell lines namely A431, A549, HeLa, L929 and MCF7 were plated in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS at a density of 5x I a:~ cells per well in 96 well culture plates and allowed to adhere for 12 h at 37 °C in the presence of 5% C02• Next day, the medium was replaced with 200 J.LI of leucine free RPMI medium containing 10% serum. The leucine free RPMI containing 1 0% FCS was used for seeding partially adherent cell lines, COL0205 and J774A.1. Cells were allowed to adhere for 12 h and the toxin was added in the same medium. The suspension cell lines, HUT102 and K562 were plated at a density of 5X 103 _cells/well in 80% leucine free RPMI containing 18% complete RPMI and 2% serum immediately before use. The medium used at various stages was supplemented
    1. conjugated to fluorescene isothiocyanate ( FITC ) or horse radish peroxidase HRP ) , added. In case of the FITC staining, the cells were finally mounted in a medium containing 0. 1 % para-phenylenediamine PPD and 90 % glycerol in NKH buffer, to retard fading of the fluorescent label. In case of HRP staining, the colour was developed with 0. 05 % DAB ( 3', 3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride ) in NKH buffer with 0. 002 % hydrogen peroxide. The colour was developed for 15 mins. and the reaction stopped by rinsing in phosphate buffer. The cells were examined under a standard 1 ight microscope for HRP staining or a fluorescent microscope ( for FITC staining ) .
    2. Cells were grown to subconfluence on polylysine coated glass coverslips contained in plastic dishes. After washing with NKH buffer ( 145 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 15 mM Hepes, pH 7. 4 ) , the cells were fixed for 10 mins. in 70 % ethanol at room temperature. The cells were again rinsed extensively in NKH buffer and the appropriate dilution of primary antibody added. Following OIN incubation at 4°c, the cells were washed 3 X with NKH buffer and the appropriate second antibody,
    1. phosphoricacidformedisreducedbytheadditionof1-amino2napthol~4-sulphonicacid(ANSA)reagenttoproducethebluecolor.Theactivityofthebluecolorwasreadat680nmagainstreagentblankusingaU.V.Spectrophotometer.Suitablestandardswererunthrougheachbatchofassays.Theenzymeactivitywasexpressedintermsofpgofinorganicphosphorusformedhr'1mg'1protein.
    2. Aftereffluentexposure,thecontrolandeffluentexposedfishtissueswereremovedandplacedinabeakercontainingice-coldSEIbuffer(300mMsucrose,200mMNa2EDTA,50mMimidazole,pH7.23)foranalysisofNa+-K+ATPaseactivity.ThetissueswereimmediatelyfrozeninliquidN2andstoredat-80°Cuntilanalyzed. Thespecificactivitiesofsodium,potassium,magnesiumandcalciumdependentATPaseswereassayedaccordingtothemethodsdescribedbyWatsonandBeamish(1980)and Boeseetal.(1982).AdenosinetriphosphatasecatalysestheconversionofATPandADP.Duringthisconversion,onemolecule ofphosphorusisliberated.ATPaseAdenosinetriphosphate^...^Adenosinediphosphate+PTheinorganicphosphorusliberatedwasassayedaccordingtothemethodofFiskeandSubbarow(1925).Inthismethodtheproteinisprecipitatedwithtrichloroaceticacid.Theproteinfreefiltrateistreatedwithaceticacidmolybdatesolutionandthe
    3. Thereactionproduction,p-nitrophenolinacidphosphatewasmeasuredspectrophotometricallyat415nmagainstreagentblank.Theenzymeactivitywascalculatedfromthestandardcurveandexpressedasmicromolesofp-nitrophenolformedperhourpermilligramprotein.Therateofhydrolysisofp-nitrophenolphophateisproportionaltotheenzymepresentinthetissue.p-nitrophenylphosphate+NaoH—phosphat?-—>p -nitrophenol+phosphateThecolordevelopedinalkalinephosphataseactivitywasreadat410nmagainstreagentblankspectrophotometrically.Theactivityoftheenzymewasexpressedaspmolphenolformedmin'1mg'1protein
    4. LDHisthekeyenzymeinvolvedinglycolysis,andisresponsiblefortheanaerobicconversionofpyruvicacidtolacticacid,theterminalstageintheEmbden-Meyerhofpathway.Theenzymeactivitywasdeterminedinthecontrolandeffluentexposedfishbrain,gill,muscle,liver,heart,kidneyandair-breathingorgansfollowingSrikantanandKrishnamurthi(1955).TheopticaldensitiesweremeasuredinaUVSpectrophotometerusing340 nmfilterandtheresultsare expressedaspmolesofformazanmg'1proteinhr’1
    5. Thesupernatant(0.5mlcontaining50mgtissue)wasassayedforSDH.Thereactionwasinitiatedbytheadditionof0.5mlofthesupernatant.Controlsreceived0.5mlsucroseinplaceoftheenzymeextract.Afterincubationfor30minat37°C,thereactionwasstoppedbytheadditionof5mlglacialaceticacidandthederivedformazanwasextractedinto5mloftoluene.Afterkeepingitovernightincold,thecolorwasmeasuredinUV-Spectrophotometerat495mMusingsilicacuvettes.Enzymeactivitieswereexpressedaspmolesofformazanmg'1proteinhr'1
    6. Aftereffluentexposure,thetissuesweredissectedout,weighedandhomogenizedin0.25Msucrose.Thehomogenateswerecentrifugedat10,000rev/minatatemperaturebelow8°C.AcetylcholinesteraseactivityofthesampleswasdeterminedatpH7.0usingafinalhomogenateconcentrationof25mgmf1at10°CwithmMacetylcholineiodideassubstrate and0.001or0.002NsodiumhydroxideastitrantfollowingHestron’smethodasgivenbyMetcalf(1951).ProteindeterminationsforalltheChEanalyseswereconductedonaliquotsofthehomogenatesusingamodificationoftheLowryetal.(1951)method.AchEactivityisexpressedinpmolesofacetylcholinechloridehydrolysedmgtissue'1hr'1