https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/les-inondations-en-grece-et-en-libye-jusqua-50-plus-intenses-a-cause-du-dereglement-climatique-20230919_W2MGLIPDPFFARBRFD42THDFAOA/

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000187575/klimawandel-trug-zu-flutkatastrophen-am-mittelmeer-bei

Der Sturm Daniel in Libyen Tausende von Todesopfern gefordert, 27 davor in Europa und der Türkei. Der Attributions-Spezialist Davide Faranda stellt ihn im Interview mit der Libération in den Kontext der um 3-4° erhöhten Meerestemperatur und mediterranen HItzewelle im Juli und später Hitzewellen im August und September. Hitzewellen wie Medikane intensivieren sich. Dringend sei eine europaweite Planung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/evenements-climatiques-extremes-en-mediterranee-cet-ete-on-a-vecu-dans-le-futur-20230912_O7A53XIZKZDPZC2NH4RD355GNA/

Die Anzahl tropischer Stürme, die sich schnell intensivieren, bevor sie das Land erreichen, hat sich in den letzten 40 Jahren verdreifacht. Der Hurrikan Itdlia hat möglicherweise am schnellsten von allen bisher bekannten Stürmen verstärkt, weil er seine Energie aus extrem warmem Wasser bezieht. Diese Verstärkung lässt sich der globalen Erhitzung zu schreiben, auch wenn die Zahl der Stürme durch sie nicht zunimmt. https://phys.org/news/2023-08-idalia-potent-intensely-rocket-fuel.html?utm_source=nwletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-nwletter via La Repubblica

Die späte Hitzewelle in Frankreich in der zweiten Augusthälfte lässt sich mit großer Zuverlässigkeit auf die Emissionen von Treibhausgasen zurückführen. Sie wurde nur möglich durch die hohen Temperaturen der umgebenden Meere und die Trockenheit im Süden Frankreichs, die Folgen der globalen Erhitzung sind. Der Attributionsforscher Davide Faranda stellt im Gespräch fest, dass solche Hitzewellen bei weiterer Erhöhung der Temperaturen häufig vorkommen werden.

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/canicule-tardive-nous-attribuons-lintensite-du-phenomene-aux-emissions-de-gaz-a-effet-de-serre-avec-une-confiance-elevee-20230828_MRRDGOMUG5DO7OAKD2CD2QB3PQ/

Waldbrände haben 2023 in Kanada bisher mit 1,4 Milliarden Hektar eine Fläche von der Größe Griechenlands zerstört. Ein Attributionsstudie für die Brände in Québec ergibt, dass sie durch die globale Erhitzung mindestens doppelt so wahrscheinlich wurden wir ohne sie, und dass die Temperaturen, die die Brände begünstigten, 20% höher waren als vor der Verbrennung fossiler Energieträger. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/22/climate-change-canada-wildfires-twice-as-likely

Sommerliche HItzewellen wie in diesem Jahr in Europa, den USA und China sind durch die globale Erhitzung in ihrem Ausmaß wesentlich wahrscheinlicher geworden. Ohne globale Erhitzung wären eine Welle in China so wie in diesem Jahr nur alle 250 Jahre zu erwarten, in Südeuropa und in Mexiko und den südlichen USA wäre sie „virtuell unmöglich“. Die World Weather Attribution publizierte diese Ergebnisse in einer neuen Attributions-Studie. https://www.repubblica.it/economia/rapporti/energitalia/storie/2023/07/28/news/wwa_le_ondate_di_calore_estremo_negli_usa_e_in_europa_sarebbero_virtualmente_impossibili_senza_il_cambiamento_climatico-409305623/

• for: extreme weather, realtime extreme weather analysis, World weather attribution
• description
  • the World Weather Attribution organization is a group of research institutes that provides robust scientific answers to the question:
    • is climate change to blame?
  • when an extreme weather event has occurred
  • This is usually available days to weeks after the event and informs discussions about climate change while the impacts of the events are still fresh in the minds of the public and policymakers.

Die meteorologischen Daten ergeben, dass dieser Juli der wärmste der bekannten Geschichte ist - mit einem Abstand zu anderen Juli-Monaten, der Klimawissenschaftler:innen erstaunt. Für UN-Generalsekretär Gutteres hat die „Ära des globalen Kochens" begonnen. Forscher:innen und NGOs wiesen darauf hin, dass eine Begrenzung der Erhitzung auf 1,5° noch möglich ist, dass aber neue fossile Projekte vorangetrieben werden, die eindeutig mit dem 1,5°-Ziel unvereinbar sind.

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jul/27/scientists-july-world-hottest-month-record-climate-temperatures

Sibirien macht gerade die schlimmste Hitzewelle der aufgezeichneten Geschichte durch. Im Juni wurden Temperaturen von über 40 Grad erreicht. damit droht sich das Abschmelzen des Permafrosts – durch die Freisetzung von Methan ein sich selbst verstärkender Prozess – zu beschleunigen. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/siberie-avec-40-c-la-region-connait-la-pire-vague-de-chaleur-de-son-histoire-20230611_QONTZ25VFRASJMR6UT44HXDO7A/

I hadn't realised the attribution was so clear like this. Wow.

https://taz.de/Klimawandel-im-Mittelmeerraum/!5929928/

Die April-Hitzewelle in Spanien, Portugal und Nordafrika lässt sich auf die globale Erhitzung zurückführen. Sie folgte auf eine mehrjährige Dürre. Die World Weather Attribution Group hat errechnet, dass ein solches Ereignis in der vorindustriellen Zeit so unwahrscheinlich war, dass es praktisch nicht zu ihm kommen konnte. Die Steigerung der Extremtemperaturen ist dabei schneller, als es die Klimamodelle voraussagen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis

PA zur Studie: https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/extreme-april-heat-in-spain-portugal-morocco-algeria-almost-impossible-without-climate-change/

Thomas Jefferson wrote the names of the previously anonymous authors of The Federalist next to their essays in his personal copy.

Die World Weather Attribution Group hat in einer Studie nachgewiesen, dass die große Dürre an Horn von Afrika ein Ergebnis der Erhitzung der Erde durch Treibhausgase ist. Von der Dürre sind 50 Millionen Menschen direkt und weitere 100 Millionen indirekt betroffen. Ohne die Erhöhung der Temperaturen hätten dieselben Regenverhältnisse nicht zu einer Dürre geführt. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/27/human-driven-climate-crisis-fuelling-horn-of-africa-drought-study

https://archive.org/details/generalhistoryof00john/page/62/mode/2up

Daten des britischen Wetterdiensts: 2022 war das bisher wärmste Jahr in England und Großbritannien. Die hohen Temperaturen wurden durch die Treibhausgase in der Atmosphäre um den Faktor 160 wahrscheinlcher gemacht. Ausführliche Datenanalyse bei Carbon Brief.

Die Rekordtemperaturen in UK in diesen Sommer wurden durch die globale Erhitzung 160 Mal so wahrscheinlich gemacht wir vor der Industrialisierung. Mit ähnlichen Temperaturen ist jetzt alle drei bis vier Jahre zu rechnen, am Ende des Jahrhunderts bei einem mittleren Emissions-Szenario jährlich.

Kurze und gute Darstellung der Attributions-Studie zur Hitzewelle in Indien und Pakistan. Wichtig ist sich die Aussage zu Hitzewellen als.der schlimmsten unmittelbaren Folge der Erhitzung.

https://www.hjkeen.net/halqn/index.htm

A wonderful resource of quotation related material online.

Kartik points out that "http://akkartik.name/post/habitability is not written by me. It's a long quote from an essay by Richard Gabriel."

http://akkartik.name/post/neighborhood

Brief summary of what AR Intervention and AR Induction means.

three locus of focus

Attributions for non original content can be handled many ways - due to the brevity and simulated nature of this example, I managed them this way. But as in the original OER, a full attributions page would eventually become necessary for clean attribution and decluttered document layout.

This would have been selected with SME. I wanted to demonstrate multiple means of representation and use an insert to demonstrate use of Code of Best Practices for Fair Use in OER.

This is where I would work out, with instructor, what license this revision should bear. I opted for CC BY for now, but that could change depending up on whether the instructor wanted to move into remixing more copyrighted/openly licensed content.

I culled the in-text citations to create a structured reference list, then placed it with the conclusions. Students are one click away from the extensively cited works while reading.

Providing attribution for source material

Full list of sources cited in this chapter. In real life, these would all be properly formatted citations with links to articles.

Indented and italicized to offset the quote for navigability and readability.

Williamson, H. C. (2020). Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Relationship Satisfaction and Attributions. Psychological Science, 31(12), 1479–1487. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620972688

Basic functions of blockchain: Attribution

The publishers below will not support the Plan S rights retention strategy (RRS). In its simplest form the RRS re-asserts the authors' rights as the rights holder to assign a copyright license of their choice (CC BY informed by their funding agency) to all versions of their research/intellectual output. In the case of the RRS states that the author should apply a CC BY license to their accepted manuscript (AAM) if they cannot afford to pay article processing charges or choose not to apply a CC BY license to the Version of Record (VoR), which they are free to do. Therefore, this statement is either saying the undersigned will not carry publications forward to publication (most appropriate approach), or they will not support the same copyright laws which fundamentally protects their rights and revenue after a copyright transfer agreement is signed by the rightsholder.

Academy of Dental Materials

Acoustical Society of America

AIP Publishing

American Academy of Ophthalmology

American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

American Chemical Society

American Gastroenterological Association American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

American Medical Association

American Physical Society

American Society for Investigative Pathology

American Society for Radiation Oncology

American Society of Civil Engineers

American Society of Hematology

American Society of Clinical Oncology

American Association of Physicists in Medicine

American Association of Physics Teachers

AVS – The Society for Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing

Brill

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Budrich Academic Press

Cambridge Media

Cambridge University Press

Canadian Cardiovascular Society

De Gruyter

Duncker & Humblot

Elsevier

Emerald

Erich Schmidt Verlag

French Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Frommann-Holzboog Verlag

Future Science Group 

Hogrefe

International Association for Gondwana Research

IOP Publishing

Journal of Nursing Regulation

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT).

Julius Klinkhardt KG

La Découverte

Laser Institute America

Materials Research Forum LLC

The Optical Society (OSA)

Pearson Benelux

SAGE Publishing

Society of Rheology

Springer Nature

Taylor & Francis Group

The Geological Society of America

Thieme Group

Uitgeverij Verloren

Verlag Barbara Budrich

Vittorio Klostermann

wbv Media

Wiley

Wolters Kluwer

[[positional attribution]] works by identifying the touch points in the lifecycle, and dividing up the points across those touches.

There are four main ways to divvy up this pointing

[[question]] What are the four main ways to divvy up positional attribution]]

• [[first touch]]
• [[last touch]]
• [[fourty-twenty-fourty]]
• [[linear]]

[[1. Gather your required data sources]] - once we have data, we need to do two things [[sessionization]] - the aggregation of pageviews / etc into a session

and [[user stitching]] - when we have a user without any identifying information, and then converts - kind of like the anonymous users / signups - and trying to tie them back to a source

[[1. Gather your required data sources]]

[[How to build an attribution model]]

• [[1. Gather your required data sources]]
• [[2. Find all sessions before conversion]]
• [[3. Calculate the total sessions and the session index]]
• [[3. Allocate points]]
• [[4. Bonus Join in revenue value]]
• [[5. Bonus Join with ad spend data]]
• [[6. Ship it!]]

One of the goals of an [[attribution data model]] is to understand why someone [[converted]] to being a customer. This is impossible to do accurately, but this is where analysis comes in.

There are some [[approaches to attribution]], one of those is [[positional attribution]]

[[positional attribution]] is that we are weighting the importance of touch points - or customer interactions, based on their position within the customer lifetime.

[[transparent attribution model]]

[[flexible attribution model]]

[[cheapest attribution model]]

to build an [[attribution model]] we need the raw data - this raw data should capture the [[customer interactions]], and in our case - also partner interactions, or people working with the partner?

[[marketing attribution]]

I'm sure I've said it before, but I maintain that if the source of the article and the target both supported the Webmention spec, then when a piece used an image (or really any other type of media, including text) with a link, then the original source (any website, or Flickr in this case) would get a notification and could show—if they chose—the use of that media so that others in the future could see how popular (or not) these types of media are.

Has anyone in the IndieWeb community got examples of this type of attribution showing on media on their own websites? Perhaps Jeremy Keith or Kevin Marks who are photographers and long time Flickr users?

Incidentally I've also mentioned using this notification method in the past as a means of decentralizing the journal publishing industry as part of a peer-review, citation, and preprint server set up. It also could be used as part of a citation workflow in the sense of Maria Popova and Tina Roth Eisenberg's Curator's Code^[1]set up, which could also benefit greatly now with Webmention support.

Johan Hellström on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 7, 2020, from https://twitter.com/jhnhellstrom/status/1301073768748593153

Spencer, S. H. (2020, September 1). CDC Did Not “Admit Only 6%” of Recorded Deaths from COVID-19. FactCheck.Org. https://www.factcheck.org/2020/09/cdc-did-not-admit-only-6-of-recorded-deaths-from-covid-19/

We mustn’t understate the importance of anyone’s life when it comes to Covid deaths | Matt Beard. (2020, August 26). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/26/we-mustnt-understate-the-importance-of-anyones-life-when-it-comes-to-covid-deaths

Why has the UK done so badly on Covid-19? There are still no simple answers | David Spiegelhalter. (2020). Retrieved 4 August 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/02/uk-covid-19-excess-deaths

I suggest an additional section titled tools. These tools really helped me in gaining a better understanding of structuring attributions etc.

The Attribution Builder is really helpful when there is uncertainty as to how to proceed with citing sources, especially as citing CC Licenses seems different from scholarly practices.

1. Open Attribution Builder, by WA SBCTC, [n.d.]. The Open Attribution Builder is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
2. CC “Select your License” tool logic - Beta version, by Wyblib40, 2020. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. (Please note that this workflow logic diagram I created myself in order to get a feel for the new License Chooser tool (2020)

Efron, B. (2020). Prediction, Estimation, and Attribution. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 115(530), 636–655. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2020.1762613

Witt, S., Seehagen, S., & Zmyj, N. (2020). Stress affects the prediction of others’ behavior [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jbswq

Prinzing, M., De Freitas, J., & Fredrickson, B. (2020). The lay concept of a meaningful life: The role of subjective and objective factors in attributions of meaning [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6sx4t

Fucci, E., Baquedano, C., Abdoun, O., Deroche, J., & Lutz, A. (2020, April 21). Validation of a set of stimuli to investigate the effect of attributional processes on social motivation in within-subject experiments. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nbdj4

Mandel, D. R., Wallsten, T. S., & Budescu, D. (2020, April 20). Numerically-Bounded Language Schemes Are Unlikely to Communicate Uncertainty Effectively. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9f6ev

Surprenant que les collègues de Mme Couture ne soient pas nommés.

Question de justice...

Interesting, to Dan's point. But does the Commons allow this?