• for: cumulative cultural evolution, speed of cultural evolution
• paraphrase
  • The story that they are telling
  • is of a grand transition that occurred about fifty thousand years ago,
  • when the driving force of evolution changed
    • from biology
    • to culture,
  • and the direction changed
    • from diversification
    • to unification of species.
  • The understanding of this story can perhaps help us to deal more wisely with our responsibilities as stewards of our planet.

In Kanada sind insgesamt 1000 Waldbrände aktiv, von denen 624 nicht unter Kontrolle stehen. Bisher sind 12,3 Millionen Hektar abgebrannt – das ist mehr als die Fläche Österreichs oder Portugals. In Neu-Schottland kam es in den letzten Tagen außerdem zu extremen Regenfällen. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/feux-hors-de-controle-12-millions-dhectares-detruits-mort-dun-pompier-le-point-sur-les-incendies-au-canada-20230730_JPZA6I4VAZAU5DFLDDPYCK4TEM/

Bei den Waldbränden im Mittelmeerraum bedroht nicht nur das Feuer selbst die dort lebenden Tiere. Viele verhungern in den auf einen Brand folgenden Wochen. Für die Artenvielfalt sind die Brände bisher nicht so gefährlich wie Pestizide und andere Umweltfaktoren, die in den letzten 30 Jahren zum Rückgang der Insekten um 75% und der Vögel um zwei Drittel geführt haben. Wiederholte Brände schaden vor allem dem Boden. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/incendies-en-mediterranee-prise-au-piege-des-flammes-la-faune-locale-suffoque-20230728_GPVMDAUVA5C2PNNKCNDDEJGTBQ/

Der Brite Jim Skea wurde zum neuen Vorsitzenden des IPCC gewählt. In einem Spiegel-Interview wiederholte er das Statement, dass das Überschreiten des 1,5°-Ziels nicht das Ende der Menschheit bedeute. Skea bezog sich auf die Aussage des IPCC, dass das 1,5° Ziel nur nach einem zeitweisen Überschreiten durch Entfernung von CO₂ aus der Atmosphäre erreicht werden kann. Er betonte wiederum, dass jedes Zehntelgrad weniger Temperaturerhöhung von enormer Relevanz ist. https://taz.de/15-Grad-Ziel-in-Klimadebatte/!5948023/

Der frühere Taifun Doksuri hat in Peking die schlimmsten Regenfälle und Überschwemmungen seit Beginn der Aufzeichnungen verursacht. Auch andere Teile Chinas sind von Extremwetter betroffen. So wurden in der Nachbarprovinz Hebei 800 000 Menschen wegen der Überschwemmungen evakuiert..https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/02/beijing-reports-heaviest-rain-140-years-china-g20-climate-talks

Wegen „noch nie da gewesener Hitze“ wurde im Iran für Mittwoch und Donnerstag dieser Woche Feiertage ausgerufen, an denen das gesamte öffentliche Leben ruht. Die Folgen der Klimakrise werden im Iran durch Raubbau an den Süßwasser Ressourcen und ein überlastetes Stromnetz verschlimmert https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/01/world/middleeast/iran-heat-shutdown.html

https://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus_Linguae_Graecae

It's really saying something that in paragraph 2 the "sell" for religion is the health and social benefits and outcomes rather than the love or support of god(s)!

Der Earth Overshoot Day 2023 wurde in diesem Jahr fünf Tage später als im Vorjahr erreicht, was aber größtenteils auf eine veränderte Berechnungsmethode zurückzuführen ist. Insgesamt verbraucht die Menschheit nach dem Berechnungen des Global FootprintNnetwork 1,75 mal so viel regenerierbare Ressourcen als pro Jahr zur Verfügung stehen. https://taz.de/Erdueberlastungstag/!5951934/

Barzun, Jacques. “The Great Books.” The Atlantic, December 1952. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1952/12/the-great-books/642341/.

Barzun heaps praise on Great Books of the Western World with some criticism of what it is also missing. He finds more than a few superlative words for the majesty of the Syntopicon.

According to Jacques Barzun (and possibly written in the volumes itself), while the Syntopicon has 102 ideas, there are "some three thousand subheadings."

the five-foot shelf reference is to the Harvard Classics competitor

I like their simplicity and cloth texture, but family members seem to think that my 1952 set of The Great Books of the Western World are a bit on the "dreary looking side" compared with the more colorful books in our home library. (It says something that the 12 year old thinks my yellow Springer graduate math texts are more inviting...) Has anyone else had this problem and solved it with custom printed dust jackets?

• Has anyone seen them for sale?
• Made their own?
• Interested in commissioning some as a bigger group?
• Used a third-party company to design and print something?

In doing something like this for fun, I might hope that the younger kids in the house might show more interest in some more lively/colorful custom covers.

I'm partially tempted to use a classical painting as a display across the spines (a la Juniper Books collections) perhaps using:

• The School of Athens by Raphael
• The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David

Other thoughts? suggestions?

Syndication link: https://www.reddit.com/r/ClassicalEducation/comments/15gv2cz/custom_dust_jackets_for_the_great_books_of_the/

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Go_links

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/02/opinion/jack-smith-trump-indictment.html

https://twitter.com/TheGreenLineTO

Local storytelling creating identity.

Suggested by Aram Zucker-Scharff

reply to u/ManuelRodriguez331 at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/15ehcy5/why_is_the_index_card_half_full/

There has been debate about the length of notes on slips since the invention of slips and it shows no signs of coming to broad consensus other than everyone will have their personal opinion.

If you feel that A6 is is too big then go down a step in size to A7. One of the benefits of the DIN A standard is that you can take the next larger card size and fold it exactly in half to have the next size smaller. This makes it easier to scale up the size of your cards if you prefer most of them to be smaller to save space, just take care not to allow larger folded cards to "taco" smaller cards in a way they're likely to get lost. If you really needed more space, you could easily use an A1 or A2 and fold it down to fit inside of your collection! (Sadly 4x6 and 3x5 cards don't have this affordance.)

Fortunately there are a variety of available sizes, so you can choose what works best for yourself. Historically some chose large 5x8", 6x9", or even larger "slips". Some have also used different sizes for different functions. For example some use 3x5 for bibliographic cards and 4x6 for day-to-day ideas. I've seen stacked wooden card catalog furniture that had space for 3x5, 4x6, and 8.5x11 in separate drawers within the same cabinet. Some manufacturers even made their furniture modular to make this sort of mixed use even easier.

One of the broadly used pieces of advice that does go back centuries is to use "cards of the same size" (within a particular use case). This consensus is arrived at to help users from losing smaller cards between larger/taller cards. Cards of varying sizes, even small ones, are also much more difficult to sort through. Slight of hand magicians will be aware of the fact that shaving small fractions of length off of playing cards is an easy way of not only marking them, but of executing a variety of clever shuffling illusions as well as finding some of them very quickly by feel behind the back. Analog zettelkasten users will only discover that smaller, shorter cards are nearly guaranteed to become lost among the taller cards. It's for this reason that I would never recommend one to mix 4x6, A6, or even the very closely cut Exacompta Bristol cards, which are neither 4x6 nor A6!

I once took digital notes and printed them on paper and then cut them up to fit the size of the individual notes to save on space and paper. I can report that doing this was a painfully miserable experience and positively would NOT recommend doing this for smaller projects much less lifelong ones. Perhaps this could be the sort of chaos someone out there might actually manage to thrive within, but I suspect it would be a very rare individual.

As for digital spacing, you may win out a bit here for "saving" paper space, but you're also still spending on storage costs in electronic formatting which historically doesn't have the longevity of physical formats. Digital also doesn't offer the ease of use of laying cards out on a desktop and very quickly reordering them for subsequent uses.

There are always tradeoffs, one just need be aware of them to guide choices for either how they want to work or how they might work best.

Personally, I use 4x6" cards because I often write longer paragraphs on them. Through experimentation I found that I would end up using two or more 3x5 cards more often than I would have had mostly blank 4x6 cards and used that to help drive my choice. I also find myself revisiting old cards and adding to them (short follow ups, links to other cards, or other metadata) and 3x5 wouldn't allow that as easily.

As ever, YMMV...

See also: [[note lengths]] and/or [[note size]].

In Portugal hat zum zweiten Mal in wenigen Jahren ein Waldbrand den Naturpark von Sintra-Cascais in der Nähe von Lissabon getroffen. Die häufigen Waldbrände bedrohen die Biodiversität und gefährden endemische Arten.,https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/forets-incendiees-au-portugal-le-probleme-cest-la-repetition-et-le-laps-de-temps-entre-deux-feux-20230730_E3V3WVUZSVCALNCENQBJYEY7HM/

reply to u/TheVoroscope at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/va2s09/comment/jtwqhd7/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

u/TheVoroscope, the only things I've seen on it are the original and what you've written. I suspect anything current will be quite niche and would require searching in the areas of academic journal articles or at the level of graduate studies within the library sciences where you might find something. Simon Winchester had a section on the rise and downfall of the Encyclopedia Britannica in his most recent book Knowing What We Know (2023) which has a brief mention of the Propædia, but it was broadly described as a $32 million dollar bomb that ended the Encyclopedia. I would suspect that the last printings in 2010 and 2012 were probably the last more as a result of the rise of internet usage than they were the form and function of the Propædia itself though.

• for: inequality, 1%, elites, carbon inequality, leverage point, leverage point - climate change, oxfam
• quote
  • Richest 1% Took 2/3rds of Global Wealth Since 2020
  • Richest 1% increased wealth in 2020 and 2021 twice as much as 99% of Population Earned

• for: anthropomorphism, apex species
• quote
  • it does not make sense for one species to command most of the energy flow through the ecosystems which it is part of. That's a very destabilizing situation and the wise species would do everything possible to reestablish some kind of balanced energy material throughput.

Die meteorologischen Daten ergeben, dass dieser Juli der wärmste der bekannten Geschichte ist - mit einem Abstand zu anderen Juli-Monaten, der Klimawissenschaftler:innen erstaunt. Für UN-Generalsekretär Gutteres hat die „Ära des globalen Kochens" begonnen. Forscher:innen und NGOs wiesen darauf hin, dass eine Begrenzung der Erhitzung auf 1,5° noch möglich ist, dass aber neue fossile Projekte vorangetrieben werden, die eindeutig mit dem 1,5°-Ziel unvereinbar sind.

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jul/27/scientists-july-world-hottest-month-record-climate-temperatures

Die Hitze im Süden und Unwetter im Norden Italiens haben mehrere Tote gefordert. Viele Menschen mussten vor den Waldbränden in Sizilien fliehen. Am Montag wurden in Palermo 47°C gemessen, an anderen Orten in Süditalien waren sie noch höher. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/25/italy-wildfires-palermo-temperatures-sicily-airport-heatwave

Im Meer bei Florida wurde eine Oberflächentemperatur von 38,43°C gemessen – möglicherweise ein neuer globaler Rekord. Der Bericht des Guardian geht auf andere marine Hitzewellen und Studien über ihre Zunahme ein. Nach Daten der amerikanischen Wetterbehörde NOAA wurden in diesem Jahr schon im April, Mai und Juni Rekorde bei der Oberflächentemperatur der Ozeane gebrochen. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jul/25/florida-ocean-temperatures-hot-tub-extreme-weather

Koordiniert von der Heritage Foundation wurde ein umfassender Plan für die ersten sechs Monate einer republikanischen Präsidentschaft erarbeitet. Er würde eine Regulierung der Energiepolitik und Dekarbonisierungsmaßnahmen durch die Bundesregierung sowie die Durchsetzung von Umweltbestimmungen unmöglich machen. Die Heritage Foundation hatte entscheidenden Einfluss auf frühere republikanische Regierungen. Viele US-Politiker werden von der Fossilindustrie mitfinanziert.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/27/project-2025-dismantle-us-climate-policy-next-republican-president

In einem Video gibt der Guardian einen Überblick über die Waldbrände die überall im Mittelmeerraum ausgebrochen sind. Besonders stark betroffen sind außer den europäischen Mittelmeerländern Algerien und Syrien. https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2023/jul/27/ring-of-fire-encircles-mediterranean-amid-record-breaking-heatwave-video

Mit 28,7 Grad erreichte die Temperatur an der Oberfläche des Mittelmeers einen neuen Rekord, der noch von den Copernicusdaten bestätigt werden muss. taz-Bericht zu den Hitzewellen im Mittelmeerraum. https://taz.de/Bedrohung-fuer-Wirtschaft-und-Umwelt/!5951343/

• for Indra's Net of Jewels, progress trap
• definition
  • Muir Web
    • A diagram that shows all the relationships between species of a particular ecological habitat

• for: progress trap, abstraction
  • comment
    • we do not recognize the power of abstraction
    • through it, we begin to construct Indra's Net of Jewels, one jewel (idea) at a time
    • but each jewel (idea) that we construct is just a little knowledge, and as Dan observes, a little knowledge, compared to the endless knowledge reflected in any jewel is dangerous.
    • this then, is our dangerous predicament - we base technology on incomplete jewels of Indra's net
    • as we know from mathematics, when the finite meets the infinite, it can never win

Even in William Howard Russell's day, the Prince of Wales kept some dodgy company.

Quote from Evelyn Waugh's satire Scoop from section on Wenlock Jakes "creating" a revolution.

Does he actually touch on the idea of "modern magic" explicitly? He talks about modern technology, but does he frame it as "magic"?

• example
  • survivorship bias
    • Abraham Wald was a statistican who was tasked by the Allied war effort with understanding how to make the Allied war planes function better.
    • And he was presented with a series of airplanes that had bullet holes throughout them as they had gone from bombing runs over Nazi Germany.
    • And he looked at them, and he saw that there were
      • holes in the wings,
      • holes in the tail,
      • holes in the nose of the plane.
    • And the general said to him, you know, "Based on your statistical expertise, where should we put extra armor?
    • Where should we reinforce the plane?"
    • And most of the people thought they should put them where the bullet holes were.
    • Abraham Wald took one look at this, and he said, "If you put armor over the places where the holes are,
      • you're going to make the planes get shot down more."
    • Because the reality was the places that didn't have bullet holes were the most crucial.
    • The places that had been shot in
      • the fuselage,
      • the middle of the plane where the engine was,
    • those were in Germany, they didn't survive,
      • they were wrecks.
    • So they never made it back to be analyzed.
    • So survivorship bias is a bias where we look at the wrong kinds of data because we only look at what survived.

The work of Musashi, Dokkodo, is the Japanese for "The way of walking alone", which I like most as a translation.

Seems consistent with how Popper used the terms [[falsification]] and [[falsifiability]] noted here

A passage from [[Karl Popper]] about how he distinguishes between [[falsifiability]] and [[falsification]].

Popper's "falsification" seems related to [[Imre Lakatos]]'s notion that a [[research programme]] has a [[hard core]]

of central theses that are deemed irrefutable—or, at least, refutation-resistant—by methodological fiat. (Musgrave & Pigden 2021, SEP article linked below)

Also, what Popper calls "falsifiable"/"falsifiability" is similar to Lakatos's

[[protective belt]] of [[auxiliary hypotheses]] which has to bear the brunt of tests and gets adjusted and re-adjusted, or even completely replaced, to defend the thus-hardened core. (FMSRP: 48)

[[Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes]]

There's seems to be a curious reversal between Popper & Lakatos. The theoretical component for Lakatos (ie, the "hard core") can't be falsified, whereas the theoretical component for Popper (ie, something being "falsifiable in principle") is a

purely logical concept … [that] rests on a logical relation between the theory in question and the class of basic statements (or the potential falsifiers described by them). (Popper 1982, from passage above)

A crucial difference between Lakatos & Popper is that for Lakatos

A research programme can be falsifiable (in some senses) but unscientific and scientific but unfalsifiable. (Musgrave & Pigden 2021, SEP article linked below)

This seems in direct conflict with one of Popper's views that falsifiability can serve as a [[demarcation criterion]] for what is scientific and non-scientific.

Cf. 2.2 of "Imre Lakatos" on SEP

• Oxfam inequality report
• Report name
  • Survival of the Richest
• Date
  • Jan 2023
• Key findings
  • the richest 1% earned nearly 2/3 of all new wealth worth $42 trillion created since 2020
  • the remaining 99% earned the remaining 1/3

Die Washington Post stellt ausführlicher und mit einer guten Animation Dimiensionen und Funktion des Hitzedoms dar, der das Wetter in den südlichen USA seit Wochen bestimmt.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/07/21/us-heat-wave-heat-dome-climate/

Der Chef des europäischen Wetterdienstes Copernicus, Jean-Noël Thépaut, bestätigt, dass es sich bei den derzeitigen Hitzewellen um außerordentliche Phänomene handelt. Dabei verstärken sich Effekte der globalen Erhitzung wechselseitig. Noch nicht verstanden, aber besorgniserregend seien die Erhitzung des Nordatlantik und die Abnahme des antarktischen Meereises. In den vergangenen Jahren hat vermutlich das La Niña-Phänomen das Ausmaß der globalen Erhitzung verdeckt. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/en-europe-le-puissant-dome-de-chaleur-va-durer-au-moins-jusquau-26-juillet-20230720_GRZXH5FIQ5EYLBZ4CB7U2L2VUY/

Eine Sedimentprobe aus Grönland belegt, das vor 400.000 Jahren 20-70% der Eiskappe geschmolzen waren. Dieser Abschmelzvorgang erhöhte den Meeresspiegel um 1,4 bis 5,5m. Genauere Analysen und weitere Untersuchungen versprechen Aufschlüsse darüber, um wieviel der Meeresspiegel noch in diesem Jahrhundert aufgrund der globalen Erhitzung ansteigen wird. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/pourquoi-la-fonte-des-glaces-du-groenland-il-y-a-400-000-ans-nous-concerne-20230721_ZVQ7A45HLVHZLDB5JTFOR5EEEY/

https://badw.de/die-akademie/presse/pressemitteilungen/pm-einzelartikel/detail/open-access-der-thesaurus-linguae-latinae-ist-online.html

Flow, Christian. 125 Jahre Thesaurus linguae Latinae - Vortrag. Mp3. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2019. https://badw.de/die-akademie/presse/podcast/podcast-details/detail/125-jahre-thesaurus-linguae-latinae-vortrag.html.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1_RKu-ESCY

Lots of controversy over this music video this past week or so.

In addition to some of the double entendre meanings of "we take care of our own", I'm most appalled about the tacit support of the mythology that small towns are "good" and large cities are "bad" (or otherwise scary, crime-ridden, or dangerous).

What are the crime statistics per capita about the safety of small versus large?

Availability bias of violence and crime in the big cities are overly sampled by most media (newspapers, radio, and television). This video plays heavily into this bias.

There's also an opposing availability bias going on with respect to the positive aspects of small communities "taking care of their own" when in general, from an institutional perspective small towns are patently not taking care of each other or when they do its very selective and/or in-crowd based rather than across the board.

Note also that all the news clips and chyrons are from Fox News in this piece.

Alternately where are the musicians singing about and focusing on the positive aspects of cities and their cultures.

In Italien hat die aktuelle Hitzewelle an vielen Orten zu neuen Rekordtemperaturen geführt. In Kalabrien wurden schon morgens um 8:30 Uhr 38°C gemessen. In Norditalien und in Kroatien kam es außerdem zu schweren Unwettern mit Hagelschlag. Die hohen Temperaturen werden den ganzen Juli anhalten. https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/07/21/news/previsioni_meteo_oggi_21_luglio_2023-408474746/?ref=RHLF-BG-I408498960-P9-S1-F

Die Libération gibt einen Überblick über die Länder, die gerade von Hitzewellen betroffen sind. Dabei übertreffen oft sowohl die Höhe der Temperatur wie die Länge der Hitzeperiode ältere Rekorde: Spanien, Griechenland, Italien, Kanada, die USA und China.

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/incendies-nuits-super-tropicales-et-temperatures-records-lhemisphere-nord-en-surchauffe-20230721_RPWH26VGSJEU3OTGHXHGT6N3WI/

Der vergangene Juni war der heisseste seit dem Beginn globaler Temperaturaufzeichnungen 1850, wie die Daten der amerikanischen Wetterbehörde NOAA zeigen. Europäischen Copernicus-Daten zufolge waren die beiden ersten Juliwochen mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit die wärmsten der aufgezeichneten menschlichen Geschichte. Der Hitzedom, der die Temperaturen über Mexiko und den südlichen USA in die Höhe treibt, wurde ersten wissenschaftlichen Einschätzungen zufolge durch die globlale Erhitzung 5mal wahrscheinlicher und ca 2.8° wärmer. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/20/climate/hottest-june-in-history-noaa.html

Hitzewellen bedrohen durch ihre zunehmende Zahl und Intensität das globale Ernährungssystem. Der Guardian hat Experten zu den Folgen von Hitzewellen am Land und in den Ozeanen für die Ernährungssicherheit befragt. Hitzewellen haben dramatische Auswirkungen etwa auf die Erträge von Nutzpflanzen und auf Lebensbedingungen von Fischen. Die Folgen sind im Detail oft nur unzureichend erforscht. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/21/rampant-heatwaves-threaten-food-security-of-entire-planet-scientists-warn

Using stream of consciousness for writing, as a narrative form (for me, this portrays more authenticity, maybe even a way to communicate inspirations as it first strook the person, without filter).

• Title
  • ‘Out of time’: Temperature records topple around the world
• Source
  • https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/30/out-of-time-temperature-records-topple-around-the-world

• Title
  • Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: a global survey
• Authors
  • Hickman et al.
• Date
  • Dec 31, 2021
• Source
  • https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/climate-anxiety-in-children-and-young-people-and-their-beliefs-ab

Auch das westliche Mittelmeerbecken ist wieder von einer Hitzewelle betroffen. In der Nähe der Straße von Gibraltar liegen die Temperaturen 4° über dem langjährigen Durchschnitt, an den spanischen Küsten insgesamt im Durchschnitt um 2.2°.So hohe Temperaturen wurden dort bisher nie gemessen. An der französischen Küste und in der Adrial beträt die Temperatur-Anomalie bis zu 4°. Die immer intensiven Hitzewellen zerstören komplette Ökosysteme. Dabei stellte die Hitzewell von 2021 einen Wendepunkt dar, der die marinen Ökosysteme radikal veränderte. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/biodiversite/canicule-marine-dans-la-mediterranee-la-biodiversite-brule-a-petit-feu-20230719_SEECAPX7NRHFFCCZXEBYVKNLJQ/?redirected=1

In Spanien führt eine Hitzewelle, die von wärmer Luft aus Nordafrika ausgelöst wird, zu Temperaturen von bis zu 44 Grad. Vorangegangen war vor zwei Wochen eine Hitzewelle mit ähnlich hohen Temperaturen.

https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000178343/temperaturen-in-spanien-sollen-bis-zu-44-grad-erreichen

Viele Regionen der USA sind von Extremwetterer betroffen. Ca. ein Drittel der Bevölkerung lebt in Regionen, für gesunfheitsgefährliche Hitzewellen vorausgesagt würden, wobei die hohen Temperaturen z.T. schon seit Wochen anhalten. In einer Reihe von Bundesstaaten drohen Stürme und Überschwemmungen. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/13/more-extreme-weather-across-us

Über 100 Menschen sind in den vergangenen Tagen in Nordindien an den Folgen einer Hitzewelle mit Rekordtemperaturen gestorben. Eine Studie der World Weather attribution hat ergeben, dass die Hitzewelle in Indien im April durch die globale Erhitzung um 30% wahrscheinlicher geworden ist. Wenn sich die Erhitzung fortsetzt werden große Teile Indiens, wie eine weitere neulich veröffentlichte Studie ergibt, für Menschen potenziell unbewohnbar werden.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/19/india-heatwave-scores-dead-warning-stay-indoors-during-day-heat-wave-uttar-pradesh-eastern-bihar

An der Rekordhitze im südlichen Nordamerika sind in Mexiko schon über 100, in den USA mehr als zehn Menschen gestorben. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000177162/zahlreiche-hitzetote-in-mexiko-und-usa

Die Erhitzung durch Treibhausgase führt zu einer Steigerung von häuslicher und sexueller Gewalt. Eine in Indien Nepal und Pakistan durchgeführte Studie ergibt dass ein Grad Temperaturerhöhung zu etwa 6% mehr Gewalttaten gegen Frauen führt. Hitze führt zu Störungen in der Lebensmittelversorgung, Schäden an der Infrastruktur und dem Zwang, sich mehr in geschlossenen Räumen aufzuhalten Punkt damit vergrößert sich der Stress in Familien besonders betroffen sind Menschen mit niedrigem Einkommen und im ländlichen Gebieten. Untersuchungen zeigen das auch der hitzestress selbst die Bereitschaft zur Gewalt vergrößert. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/28/climate-crisis-linked-to-rising-domestic-violence-in-south-asia-study-finds

Die Hitzewelle in den USA und Mexiko hält an. Die Temperaturen erreichen an manchen Orten mehr als 50°. In den USA gelten Hitzewarnungen für 44 Millionen Menschen. Die hohen Temperaturen sind Folge eines Hitzedoms, der durch den Jetstream an seinem Ort gehalten wird.

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/24/texas-heatwave-high-temperatures-power

Eine Hitzewelle mit Rekordtemperaturen in Texas und Umgebung dürfte sich in den kommenden Tagen noch verstärken. Die New York Times hat berechnet, dass am Freitag ca 33 Millionen amerikanerinnen und Amerikaner Temperaturen ausgesetzt waren, die für die Gesundheit gefährlich sind. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/23/us/texas-heat-wave.html

In Peking und den acht chinesischen Provinzhauptstädten wurden in den vergangenen Tagen Rekordtemperaturen gemessen.

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/chine-pekin-suffoque-sous-39-degres-un-record-pour-la-periode-20230616_ICAJYWZ3ERBIZDIJHRGIVSZSJQ/

Sibirien macht gerade die schlimmste Hitzewelle der aufgezeichneten Geschichte durch. Im Juni wurden Temperaturen von über 40 Grad erreicht. damit droht sich das Abschmelzen des Permafrosts – durch die Freisetzung von Methan ein sich selbst verstärkender Prozess – zu beschleunigen. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/siberie-avec-40-c-la-region-connait-la-pire-vague-de-chaleur-de-son-histoire-20230611_QONTZ25VFRASJMR6UT44HXDO7A/

Im Shanghai wurden gerade die höchsten Mal-Temperaturen seit 100 Jahren gemessen. Durch die globale Erhitzung hat sich dort das Risiko von Hitzewellen um das 30-fache vergrößert. https://www.liberation.fr/international/asie-pacifique/shanghai-vit-sa-journee-de-mai-la-plus-chaude-depuis-100-ans-20230529_BSLABFO2XFGQFPVX3REPGSDB5A/

https://graham.uchicago.edu/programs-courses/basic-program

Die Rekord Waldbrände in Kanada wo schon einen Monat vor dem Ende der brandsaison eine Fläche von der Größe des US-Bundesstaats Kentucky abgebrannt ist entsprechend den Erkenntnissen der klimawissenschaft über den Zusammenhang von Waldbränden und globaler Erhitzung auch wenn noch keine attributionsstudien vorliegen. Ausführlicher Bericht denn New York Times mit infografiken. Kanada hat sich doppelt so schnell erwärmt wieder weltdurchschnitt, unter anderem durch den Verlust an Schnee und Meeeis.https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/07/18/climate/canada-record-wildfires.html

• Definition
  • share of the safe operating space
    • SoSOS

Q: What is global namespace? The global namespace is the namespace that contains namespaces and types that aren't declared inside a named namespace

Q: How to use? ::global

Ref: https://learn.microsoft.com/vi-vn/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/operators/namespace-alias-qualifier

In C# 9.0 and later versions, when you use top-level statements in a Program.cs file, there is no default namespace defined.

IF "there is no default namespace defined" = "without any namespace declaration" -> the code in Program.cs belongs to the global namespace since there is no default or explicit namespace specified in the file

• Title
  • Visualizing a Field of Research With Scientometrics: Climate Change Associated With Major Aquatic Species Production in the World
• Authors
  • Mohamad N. Azra
  • Mohn Iqbal Mohd Noor
  • Yeong Yik Sung
  • Mazlan Abd Ghaffar
• Date July 13, 2022
• Source
  • https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.905428/full
• Abstract
  • Climate change research on major aquatic species assists various stakeholders (e.g. policymakers, farmers, funders) in better managing its aquaculture activities and productivity for future food sustainability.
  • However, there has been little research on the impact of climate change on aquatic production, particularly in terms of scientometric analyses.
  • Thus, using the
    • bibliometric and
    • scientometric analysis methods,
  • this study was carried out to determine what research exists on the impact of climate change on aquatic production groups.
  • We focused on
    • finfish,
    • crustaceans, and
    • molluscs.
  • Data retrieved from Web of Science was
    • mapped with CiteSpace and
    • used to assess
      • the trends and
      • current status of research topics
    • on climate change associated with worldwide aquatic production.
  • We identified ocean acidification as an important research topic for managing the future production of aquatic species.
  • We also provided a comprehensive perspective and delineated the need for:
    • i) more international collaboration for research activity focusing on climate change and aquatic production in order to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal by 2030;
    • ii) the incorporation of work from molecular biology, economics, and sustainability.

• Title
  • The landscape of biomedical research
• Authors
  • Rita González-Márquez,
  • Luca Schmidt,
  • Benjamin M. Schmidt,
  • Philipp Berens
  • Dmitry Kobak
• Date
  • April 11, 2023
• Source
  • https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.10.536208v1.full
• Abstract
  • The number of publications in biomedicine and life sciences
  • has rapidly grown over the last decades,
  • with over 1.5 million papers now published every year.
  • This makes it difficult to
    • keep track of new scientific works and
    • to have an overview of the evolution of the field as a whole.
  • Here we
    • present a 2D atlas of the entire corpus of biomedical literature, and
    • argue that it provides
      • a unique and
      • useful overview
    • of the life sciences research.
  • We base our atlas on the abstract texts of
  • 21 million English articles from the PubMed database.
  • To embed the abstracts into 2D, we use
    • a large language model PubMedBERT, combined with
    • t-SNE tailored to handle samples of our size.
  • We use our atlas to study
    • the emergence of the Covid-19 literature,
    • the evolution of the neuroscience discipline,
    • the uptake of machine learning, and
    • the distribution of gender imbalance in academic authorship.
  • Furthermore, we present an interactive web version of our atlas that
    • allows easy exploration and
    • will enable further insights and facilitate future research.

Die aktuellen Hitzewellen entsprechen den Voraussagen der Klimawissenschaft.Lediglicb die stabilen Extremwetterlagen aufgrund eines mäandernden Jetstream wurden so nicht prognostiziert. Michael Mann und Joy Hassol rufen zum.Handeln auf, weil nur noch kurze Zeit bleibt, um die Erhitzung aufzuhalten, bevor Tipping Points ausgelöst werden, nach denen es zu einem Runaway climate change kommen kann. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jul/19/heatwave-climate-omen-change-course-weather-models

England: From the Fall of Rome to the Norman Conquest. Streaming Video. Vol. 30140. The Great Courses. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, LLC, 2022. https://www.thegreatcourses.com/england-from-the-fall-of-rome-to-the-norman-conquest. https://www.wondrium.com/england-from-the-fall-of-rome-to-the-norman-conquest.

Paxton, Jennifer. England: From the Fall of Rome to the Norman Conquest. The Great Courses: Books. First. The Great Courses 30140. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company, 2022.

• lead researcher
  • Milena Büchs,
• Position
  • Professor of Sustainable Welfare
• Institution
  • University of Leeds

Wegen der aktuellen Hitzewelle in Italien, die dort von Meteorologen Zerberus getauft wurde, wurde in 16 Städten die höchste Alarmstufe ausgerufen. Am Sonntag werden in Rom über 40, in Sizilien über 48 Grad Celsius erwartet.

https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2023/07/16/news/caldo_soffoca_europa_times_roma_citta_infernale-407901601/?ref=RHLF-BG-I407878868-P9-S1-T1

Commentary: Causal Inference for Social Exposures

Der Guardian zu Einzigartigkeit der aktuellen Hitzeperiode, bei der es sich mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit um die wärmste Phase seit ca 120.000 Jahren handelt. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/16/red-alert-the-worlds-hottest-week-ever-and-more-is-to-forecast-to-come

Reportage der taz zu den Hitzewellen in China im Juni und Juli. China ist von der globalen Erhitzung besonders betroffen. Eine Studie ergibt, dass sich die Temperatur seit 1900 alle zehn Jahre um 0,16° erhöht hat. Zu den wirtschaftlichen Folgen gehören Ernte Einbrüche und strommangel wegen der Überlastung der Netze in den Hitzeperioden.

https://taz.de/Andauernde-Hitze-in-China/!5947385/

Studie der Staatlichen Wetterbehörde zu dem Klimaveränderungen in China:

• Second great separation
  • Industrial Revolution
    • The early enclosure movement during the 1600s
      • separated people into farmers and non-farmers
      • https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fliving-heritage%2Ftransformingsociety%2Ftowncountry%2Flandscape%2Foverview%2Fenclosingland%2F&group=vnpq69nW
    • Prior to the enclosures, land was held in common for public use, not owned by individuals.
    • The rise of capitalism also occurred during this time.
      • Adam Smith wrote his landmark book, The Wealth of Nations, in 1776.
      • Land was privatized so the most efficient use of land could be determined
        • by market competition rather than
        • community consensus.
      • Labor then also had to be ​“commodified,” or bought and sold,
        • so non-farmers could work for wages and buy food and the other necessities of life they had been getting from the land.
      • With reliance on working for wages, buying, and selling
        • the necessity for personal relationships were diminished.
      • With the diminished necessity for personal relationships,
        • the social cohesion within families, communities and society began to diminish as well.
    • The persistence of chronic poverty and malnutrition, even during times of tremendous economic growth and individual wealth, are direct consequences of a growing sense of disconnectedness from each other that was nourished by the industrial era of economic development.

copied from Universe Today, except the title is invented.

Location of Altar of Zeus (again).

Location of the Temple of Zeus

Location of Altar of Zeus

Workshop of Pheidias

Describes the altar of Zeus

Description of the temple of Zeus

Describes the events that were used to please the Gods. Also, how the events were spread apart

This is a description of the statue of struggle.

There are 443 works by 74 authors in the Great Books of the Western World. All of them are printed in their entirety except for Aquinas, Kepler and Fourier.

Robert Hutchins takes sole responsibility for the final decision on the selection for the books which appear in The Great Books of the Western World series.

One wonders what sort of advice he may have sought out or received with respect to a much broader diversity of topics and writers with respect to his own time. I reminded a bit of the article The 102 Great Ideas (Life, 1948) which highlights a more progressive stance with respect to women and feminism in the examples used.

See: LIFE. “The 102 Great Ideas: Scholars Complete a Monumental Catalog.” January 26, 1948. Https://books.google.com/books?id=p0gEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA92&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false. Google Books.

It feels odd that people wouldn't understand their own traditions, but it obviously happens. Information overload can obviously heavily afflict societies toward forgetting their traditions and the formation of new traditions, particularly in non-oral traditions which focus more on written texts which can more easily be ignored (not read) and then later replaced with seemingly newer traditions.

Take for example the resurgence of note taking ideas circa 2014-2020 which completely disregarded the prior histories, particularly in lieu of new technologies for doing them.

As a means of focusing on Western Culture, the editors here have highlighted some of the most important thoughts for encapsulating and influencing their current and future cultures.

How do oral traditions embrace the idea of the "Great Conversation"?

Two of the driving reasons behind the Great Books project were improvement of both education and democracy.

The democracy portion was likely prompted by the second Red Scare from ~1947-1957 which had profound effects on America. Published in 1952, this series would have considered it closely and it's interesting they included Marx in the thinkers at the end of the series.

disappearance [of education] as an...

there's also disappearance of context of what has gone before

A great admission to make upfront in such a massive endeavor which one hopes to shape the future.

What does this mean for ars excerpendi writ large? Particularly when it may apply to hundreds of thousands?

• Mo Gawdat shares about the death of his son

• Alphago
  • first version took months of Google UK software developers to program. It won the world Go championship.
  • Alphago Master played itself without ever watching a human player. It beat the first Alphago version after 3 days of playing itself.
  • In 21 days, it beat Alphago version one a thousand to zero.

• three boundaries that industry should have abided by but have been violated:
  • don't put them on the open internet until you solve the control problem
  • don't teach them to code because that enables them to learn and develop on their own
  • Don't allow other AI's prompting them, other AI agents working with them

• Title
  • Mo Gawdat Warns the Dangers of AI Are "Happening As We Speak"
• Author
  • Piers Morgan Uncensored

In Indien, Japan und den USA folgen Starkregenfälle auf die Hitzenwellen der vergangenen Wochen. Mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit wurden sie durch die globale Erhitzung verstärkt.

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/climat/en-inde-au-japon-aux-etats-unis-des-pluies-torrentielles-et-parfois-mortelles-20230710_NDQXL5QUENE2NPNYJER32YOE2E/

Nope (re: offline). You're confusing "browser-based" and "Web-based" (sort of the way people confuse statically typed" versus strongly typed*). They're different. You can have a fully offline browser-based interface. Most common browsers are every bit as amenable as being used as simple document viewers as Preview.app or Microsoft Word is. The browser's native file format is just a different sort—not DOCX, and not PDF (although lots of browsers can do PDF, too; you can't write apps in PDF, though—at least not in the subset supported by typical browsers). Instead of Office macros written in VBA, browsers support scripting offline documents in JS just like online documents. You can run your offline programs using the browser runtime, unless they're written to expect otherwise.

Überflutungen und Erdrutsche haben in Japan mindestens sechs Todesopfer gefordert. Auf der Insel wurden die stärksten Regenfälle der aufgezeichneten Geschichte beobachtet https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/11/heaviest-rain-ever-causes-deadly-floods-and-landslides-in-japan

Der Guardian stellt Videos von Überflutungen zusammen, zu denen es in den letzten Tagen in den USA, in China, in Indien, in Spanien und anderen Teilen der Welt gekommen ist. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2023/jul/11/extreme-flooding-across-world-summer-video-report

Der Nordwesten der USA ist von einer Serie von Überflutungen nach starken Regenfällen betroffen. Gleichzeitig werden für verschiedene Teile der USA Hitzewellen vorausgesagt https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jul/10/us-weather-floods-heatwave-climate-crisis-alerts