Within the pantheon of types of notes there are: - paraphrasing notes, which one can use to summarize ideas for later recall and review as well as to check one's own knowledge and understanding of what an author has said. - commentary notes, which take the text and create a commentary on them, often as part of having a conversation with the text. These can be seen historically in the Midrashim tradition of commenting on Torah.

[23:12 - 24:47]

separately also: - productivity notes - to do lists, reminders of work to be done, often within or as part of a larger complex project

Notes can be used for different purposes.

• productivity
• Knowledge
  • basic sense-making
  • knowledge construction and dispersion

The broad distinction is between productivity goals and knowledge. (Is there a broad range I'm missing here within the traditions?) You can take notes about projects that need to be taken care of, lists of things to do, reminders of what needs to be done. These all fall within productivity and doing and checking them off a list will help one get to a different place or location and this can be an excellent thing, particularly when the project was consciously decided upon and is a worthy goal.

Notes for knowledge sake can be far more elusive for people. The value here generally comes with far more planning and foresight towards a particular goal. Are you writing a newsletter, article, book, or making a video or performance of some sort (play, movie, music, etc.)? Collecting small pieces of these things on a pathway is then important as you build your ideas and a structure toward some finished product.

Often times, before getting to this construction phase, one needs to take notes to be able to scaffold their understanding of a particular topic. Once basically understood some of these notes may be useless and not need to be reviewed, or if they are reviewed, it is for the purpose of ensconcing ideas into long term memory. Once this is finished, then the notes may be broadly useless. (This is why it's simple to "hide them with one's references/literature notes.) Other notes are more seminal towards scaffolding ideas towards larger projects for summarization and dissemination to other audiences. If you're researching a topic, a fair number of your notes will be used to help you understand the basics while others will help you to compare/contrast and analyze. Notes you make built on these will help you shape new structures and new, original thoughts. (note taking for paradigm shifts). These then can be used (re-used) when you write your article, book, or other creative project.

depends on how you look at it: "normal"

reply to u/jordynfly at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/13b0b5c/how_big_is_your_zettelkasten/

The idea of notes per day comes up occasionally, here's some discussion on the last go-round: https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/11z08fq/comment/jdbnchv/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

Many people, especially when getting started, get wrapped up in the idea of doing this for "increased productivity" or the goal of being as prolific as Niklas Luhmann. I would submit (and think others would back me up anecdotally) that there's far more to the practice than raw (or measurable) productivity as the single, driving value. Perhaps approach it as a way to sharpen and improve your thinking instead? If you're seeing life-like behavior already, that's a good sign of appreciating some of the hidden benefits which are difficult to describe and which are likely more valuable than the "productivity" goals many may have.

I've noted before that S.D. Goitein had 1/3 less index cards than Luhmann over an equivalent research lifetime, but produced a 1/3 more written output (in terms of books and journal articles). Others like Aby Warburg and Gotthard Deutsch (70,000 notes) had significant practices, but their writing output was marginal at best, though their impact and influence were outsized, in part, I would suggest as a result of their zettelkasten work.

Others like Roland Barthes (generally low card output of \~12,500) and Deutsch also used their fichier boîte/card index/zettelkasten as teaching tools, so while their written outputs may have varied considerably, their teaching practices were incredibly influential for the students and generations they encountered afterwards.

This being said, I'll share my current easily countable lower bound dating roughly from 2016 as:

• 15,200 notes
• 32,000+ links
• 2.1M words

(Having a zk in digital form makes it reasonably easy to do these sorts of counts versus analog methods of note making.)

Some additional pathways to learning and practicing, including my own, can be found here: https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/11ay28d/how_did_you_teach_yourself_zettelkasten/

Überflutungen haben in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo fast 400 Menschenleben gefordert. Kurz zuvor waren in Ruanda 131 Menschen durch Hochwasser gestorben. https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/inondations-dans-lest-de-la-rdc-le-bilan-salourdit-a-pres-de-400-morts-20230507_KAYXRPX3PZGVNLLFE3XDPUKVNI/

In Kanada haben Waldbrände schon 375.000 ha Land verwüstet. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000146209226/braende-im-westen-kanadas-breiten-sich-aus

Aus Vietnam wird mit +44,1° ein Allzeit-Temperaturrekord gemeldet. Thailand und Myanmar leiden noch immer unter derselben Hitzewelle. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/07/vietnam-records-highest-ever-temperature-of-441c

Mallon, Thomas. A Book of One’s Own: People and Their Diaries. First Edition. St. Paul, Minn: Hungry Mind Press, 1995. https://www.amazon.com/Book-Ones-Own-People-Diaries/dp/1886913021

Recommended by Mark Bernstein at Tinderbox Meetup.

Durch seine LNG-Importe im vergangenen Jahr hat Europa die Preise so nach oben getrieben, dass Pakistan und wohl auch China stattdessen Kohle verwendet haben. Standard-Interview mit Helen Thompson die sich mit den politischen Auswirkungen von Gas beschäftigt. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000146167458/cambridge-professorin-thompson-europa-hat-sein-gasproblem-ausgelagert.

Die April-Hitzewelle in Spanien, Portugal und Nordafrika lässt sich auf die globale Erhitzung zurückführen. Sie folgte auf eine mehrjährige Dürre. Die World Weather Attribution Group hat errechnet, dass ein solches Ereignis in der vorindustriellen Zeit so unwahrscheinlich war, dass es praktisch nicht zu ihm kommen konnte. Die Steigerung der Extremtemperaturen ist dabei schneller, als es die Klimamodelle voraussagen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/05/april-mediterranean-heatwave-almost-impossible-without-climate-crisis

PA zur Studie: https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/extreme-april-heat-in-spain-portugal-morocco-algeria-almost-impossible-without-climate-change/

https://www.loa.org/news-and-views/728-how-a-library-of-america-book-is-born

The Web does not yet meet its design goal as being a pool of knowledge that is as easy to update as to read. That level of immediacy of knowledge sharing waits for easy-to-use hypertext editors to be generally available on most platforms. Most information has in fact passed through publishers or system managers of one sort or another.

https://baronfig.com/products/strategist?variant=39787199529043

Messungen des österreichischen Sonnblick-Observatoriums bestätigen, dass Anteil an Treibhausgasen in der Atmosphäre neue Höchstwerte erreicht hat. Bei CO2 wurden im Monatsmittel 425,3 Parts Per Million. bei Methan 2,014 Parts Per Million gemessen. Die Durchschnittstemperatur in Österreich liegt 2,7 Grad über der vorindustriellen Zeit. https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000146084907/sonnblick-observatorium-vermeldethoechstwerte-an-co2-und-methan

reply to rogerscrafford at tk

Fine furniture comes at a fine price. 🗃️🤩 I suspect that it won't sell for quite a while and one could potentially make an offer at a fraction of that to take it off their hands. It might bear considering that if one had a practice large enough to fill half or more, then that price probably wouldn't seem too steep for the long term security and value of the contents.

On a price per card of storage for some of the cheaper cardboard or metal boxes you're going to pay about $0.02-0.03 per card, but you'd need about 14 of those to equal this and those aren't always easy to stack and access regularly. With this, even at the full $1,900, you're looking at storage costs of $0.10/card, but you've got a lot more ease of use which will save you a lot of time and headache as more than adequate compensation, particularly if you're regularly using the approximately 20,400 index cards it would hold. Not everyone has the same esthetic, but I suspect that most would find that this will look a lot nicer in your office than 14 cheap cardboard boxes. That many index cards even at discount rates are going to cost you about $825 just in cards much less beautiful, convenient, and highly usable storage.

Even for some of the more prolific zettelkasten users, this sort of storage is about 20 years of use and if you compare it with $96/year for Notion or $130/year for Evernote, you're probably on par for cost either way, but at least with the wooden option, you don't have to worry about your note storage provider going out of business a few years down the line. Even if you go the "free" Obsidian route, with computers/storage/backups over time, you're probably not going to come out ahead in the long run. It's not all apples to apples comparison and there are differences in some of the affordances, but on balance and put into some perspective, it's probably not the steep investment it may seem.

And as an added bonus, while you're slowly filling up drawers, as a writer you might appreciate the slowly decreasing wine/whiskey bottle storage over time? A 5 x 8 drawer ought to fit three bottles of wine or as many fifths of Scotch. It'll definitely accommodate a couple of magnums of Jack Daniels. 🥃🍸🍷My experience also tells me that an old fashioned glass can make a convenient following block in card index boxes.

1. Iron is transported in the blood by the iron-transferrin complex.
2. The complex interacts with specific transferrin receptors on the surface of cells that express transferrin receptors, such as developing erythroblast cells.
3. The iron-bearing transferrin is internalized via clathrin-coated pits and transported to an acidic endosome.
4. Iron is released from the transferrin at the low pH of the endosome.
5. Iron is made available for heme synthesis.
6. The transferrin-receptor complex is recycled to the surface of the cell.
7. The bulk of the transferrin is released back into circulation, and the transferrin receptor re-anchors into the cell membrane.
8. Iron in excess of the amount needed for hemoglobin synthesis binds to a storage protein, apoferritin, forming ferritin.
9. Senescent red cells are recognized by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system and undergo phagocytosis.
10. Hemoglobin is broken down, and the iron is shuttled back to the surface of the RE cell.
11. Iron is presented to circulating transferrin via the iron export channel, ferroportin.
12. Iron is then available for reutilization for hemoglobin synthesis

If the "whole is greater than the sum of its parts" who benefits from the excess value and how is that economically broken up in a fair manner?

Die World Weather Attribution Group hat in einer Studie nachgewiesen, dass die große Dürre an Horn von Afrika ein Ergebnis der Erhitzung der Erde durch Treibhausgase ist. Von der Dürre sind 50 Millionen Menschen direkt und weitere 100 Millionen indirekt betroffen. Ohne die Erhöhung der Temperaturen hätten dieselben Regenverhältnisse nicht zu einer Dürre geführt. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/27/human-driven-climate-crisis-fuelling-horn-of-africa-drought-study

Hutchins, Robert M., Mortimer J. Adler, and William Gorman, eds. The Great Ideas: A Syntopicon of Great Books of the Western World, Volume II, Man to World. 1st ed. Vol. 3. 54 vols. The Great Books of the Western World. Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1952.

Hutchins, Robert M., Mortimer J. Adler, and William Gorman, eds. The Great Ideas: A Syntopicon of Great Books of the Western World, Volume I, Angel to Love. 1st ed. Vol. 2. 54 vols. Great Books of the Western World. Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1952.

In Marokko und Spanien hat die Hitzewelle mit Rekordtemperaturen für einen Monat April ihren Höhepunkt noch nicht erreicht. Sie setzt eine Periode katastrophaler Trockenheit fort, die seit dem vergangenen Jahr anhält.https://www.liberation.fr/international/afrique/une-vague-de-chaleur-precoce-frappe-le-maroc-et-toute-la-peninsule-iberique-20230427_DGQWNEU2UNAJLGVZXAZK27WI3E/

The Museum of Modern Art acquires the MIT Press colophon by Chris Walton

Muriel Cooper, the first design director of the MIT Press and a founding faculty member of MIT's Media Lab, designed the MIT Press colophon in 1965. The iconic colophon has been acquired by The Museum of Modern Art in 2023.

The commission had originally been offered to Paul Rand (o Eye Bee M logo fame) in 1962, but when he turned down the offer, he suggested they offer it to Cooper.

Vicky Zhao indirectly frames the answer for "why have a zettelkasten?", especially for learning, as overcoming the "illusion of competence" which is closely related to the mere-exposure effect and the Dunning–Kruger effect.

How To Take Smart Notes (3 methods no one's talking about)<br /> by Vicky Zhao

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O46Rqh5zHE

reply to @AnthonyJohn@pkm.social at https://mastodon.social/@AnthonyJohn@pkm.social/110230007393359308

Perfectionism and Shiny object syndrome are frequently undiagnosed diseases. Are you sure it's not preventing you from building critical mass in one place to actually accomplish your goals? Can't wait to see the essay.

syndication link

Lace card

Harry belafonte vs Animal

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBOohuZlAiM

• Provisional Validity is useful
• Provisional Validity for Statements Goal
• Criticism Contests Provisional Validity.

• Argument Generative Statement Based on proof.
• Critical Statement test Burden of Proof and Generative Efficiency.
• Meeting and Satisfying Criticism is part of Generative Process.
• Pragma-Dialectical Theory

• Informal Arguments
• Tentative or Plausible Reasoning Structure rather than definitive. Bound to evidential contestation.

Die Oberflächentemperaturen der Ozeane haben im April einen neuen allzeitrekord erreicht noch nie in der aufgezeichneten Geschichte haben sich die Temperaturen so schnell und so stark erhöht wie im Augenblick. Es gibt deutliche Anzeichen für ein starkes El Niño-Phänomen in diesem Jahr und Vermutungen, dass deshalb die 1,5 Grad-Grenze schon im kommenden Jahr überschritten werden wird. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-65339934

Don't Be a Sucker

The Incoherence of the Philosophers by al-Ghazali marks a dramatic turn in Islamic philosophy away from Aristotle and Plato which had been followed by previous Arab philosophers like Avicenna and al-Farabi.

For Aaron Sorkin smoking was a tool that was part of his writing process.

Eine Studie zum Wasserverbrauch im als Beispiel untersuchen Kapstadt ergibt, dass die reichsten 14% fast 50% der Ressourcen verbrauchen. Gegen den zunehmenden Wassermangel sind vor allem Maßnahmen wirksam, die Ungerechtigkeit und Verschwendung reduzieren. Verbesserungen der Infrastruktur können die Probleme nicht lösen. https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/dossier/siccita--gestione-acqua/2023/04/17/news/consumo_eccessivo_acqua_paesi_ricchi_poveri-396442500/

This is very interesting, and the FT (Copies du dossier médical) case will be one to watch.

Details: https://www.dpcuria.eu/details?reference=C-307/22

Fox settles Dominion defamation lawsuit for $787.5 million, avoiding trial

Will there be an apology?

This news has broken in the last two hours and many outlets are reporting it. It doesn't appear on the Fox News homepage.

Harry Lorayne recognized the use of mnemonics as a form of entertainment and parlayed it into a career. Others before him, primarily magicians like David Roth had paved the way for some of this practice.

"surrealist visual puns"

Schon zu Beginn der warmen Jahreszeit kommt es in Zentral- und Südasien zu Hitzerekorden. In Indien wurden die extremen Temperaturen der Hitzewelle im vergangenen Frühjahr noch nicht erreicht, die zu forderte aber schon wieder Todesopfer.

Bei der Tagung von Weltbank und Internationalem Währungsfonds wurden nur winzige Reformschritte unternommen. Nach der Ansicht der Fachleute von NGOs werden sie nicht ausreichen um ärmeren Ländern den Kampf gegen die globale Erhitzung zur erleichtern. Nach wie vor stellt die Weltbank hohe Summen für die Finanzierung fossiler Energien zur Verfügung.

https://taz.de/Fruehjahrstagung-von-Weltbank-und-IWF/!5927897/

• The claim is that the default narrative is critical to the way society organizes itself
  • capitalism and classic leberalism assumes competition (seflishness) is the default and collaboration secondary
  • Bauwens argues that collaboration (commons) needs to be the default going forward and competition secondary

link to: - https://hypothes.is/a/ZeZEgNm8Ee2woUds5QzgOw<br /> - https://hypothes.is/a/hkyPEtm9Ee21MFP9ynnj0g

Recommended Source

Under the "More on Philosophies of Copyright" section, I recommended adding the scholarly article by Chinese scholar Peter K. Yu that explains how Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang can address the contradictions in effecting or eliminating intellectual property laws. One of the contradictions is in intellectual property laws protecting individual rights while challenging sustainability efforts for future generations (as climate change destroys more natural resources.

Yu, Peter K., Intellectual Property, Asian Philosophy and the Yin-Yang School (November 19, 2015). WIPO Journal, Vol. 7, pp. 1-15, 2015, Texas A&M University School of Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16-70, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2693420

Below is a short excerpt from the article that details Chinese philosophical thought on IP and sustainability:

"Another area of intellectual property law and policy that has made intergenerational equity questions salient concerns the debates involving intellectual property and sustainable development. Although this mode of development did not garner major international attention until after the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the Yin-Yang school of philosophy—which “offers a normative model with balance, harmony, and sustainability as ideals”—provides important insight into sustainable development."

reply to u/apricotsareweird at r/Zettelkasten - How best to incorporate a book of terms?

This sounds a bit like it might fit into the mold of an example like Brian Eno and Peter Schmidt's "Oblique Strategies" which are bits of creative advice that one draws out at random to help improve their work. You could have a custom deck for potential writing work and attempt the recipes at random to see where it takes you. At worst a collection of them could be used for spaced repetition to memorize or familiarize yourself with them. At a later date you could give them numbers and install them into a larger collection, but keeping them as a stand alone collection certainly couldn't hurt at least to start.

LIFE. “The 102 Great Ideas: Scholars Complete a Monumental Catalog.” January 26, 1948. https://books.google.com/books?id=p0gEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA92&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false. Google Books.

Provides an small example of "the great conversation" on the equality of men and women.

Amidst a number of very gendered advertisements in issue 4 of volume 24 of LIFE magazine from 1948 is a short piece on the pending release of The Encyclopædia Britannica's Great Books of the Western World.

The piece starts out talking about the 432 classical works written by 71 men and highlights the fact that "Woman, not a main idea, is included [with] in [the topical category] Family Man and Love." The piece goes on by way of example of the work to excerpt portions on Idea number 51: "Man". To show the flexibility of the included Syntopicon categorization they elaborate with 15 excerpted passages from authors from Plato to Freud on Idea 51, subdivision 6b: "Men and Women: their equality or inequality".

It provides a fantastic mini-study on the emerging conversation on gender studies as seen in a mainstream magazine in 1948.

Were there any follow up letters to the editor on this topic in subsequent issues? How was this broader piece received with respect to the idea of gender at the time?

A staff of at least 26 created the underlying index that would lay at the heart of the Great Books of the Western World which was prepared in a rented old fraternity house on the University of Chicago campus. (p. 93)

How did Michael Oakeshott's philosophy overlap with the idea of the 'Great Conversation' or 20th century movement of Adler's Great Books of the Western World.

How does it influence the idea of "having conversations with the text" in the annotation space?

Maria Montessori's educational model stemmed from the ideas of Pestalozzi and Froebel.

This section is almost exactly the same as Umberto Eco's description of a slip box practice:

No piece of information is superior to any other. Power lies in having them all on file and then finding the connections. There are always connections; you have only to want to find them. -- Umberto Eco. Foucault's Pendulum

See: https://hypothes.is/a/jqug2tNlEeyg2JfEczmepw

Interestingly, these structures map reasonably well onto Paul Baran's work from 1964:

The subject heading based filing system looks and functions a lot like a centralized system where the center (on a per topic basis) is the subject heading or topical category and the notes related to that section are filed within it. Luhmann's zettelkasten has the feel of a mixture of the decentralized and distributed graphs, but each sub-portion has its own topology. The index is decentralized in nature, while the bibliographical section/notes are all somewhat centralized in form.

Cross reference:<br /> Baran, Paul. “On Distributed Communications: I. Introduction to Distributed Communications Networks.” Research Memoranda. Santa Monica, California: RAND Corporation, August 1964. https://doi.org/10.7249/RM3420.

Luhmann attributes (an independent) life to his zettelkasten. It is effectuated by internal branching, opportunities for links or connections, and a register as well as lack of pre-planned comprehensive order, lack of hierarchy, and lack of linear structure.

Which of these is necessary for other types of "life"? Can any be removed? Compare with other systems.

Potential definition of a table of contents: A table of contents is a linear ordering or traversal of of specific material which could potentially be found within an index.

Starting a zettelkasten practice with a table of contents as the primary organization is difficult due to planning in advance.

Quote - matter is a phase of consciousness

Author - Iain McGilchrist

Key finding Paraphrase - So what does a conscious universe have to do with AI and existential risk? - It all comes back to whether our primary orientation is around - quantity, or around - quality. - An understanding of reality - that recognises consciousness as fundamental - views the quality of your experience as - equal to, - or greater than, - what can be quantified.

• Orienting toward quality,
  • toward the experience of being alive,
• can radically change
  • how we build technology,
  • how we approach complex problems,
  • and how we treat one another.

Quote - metaphysics of quality - would open the door for ways of knowing made secondary by physicalism

Author - Robert Persig - Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance // - When we elevate the quality of each our experience - we elevate the life of each individual - and recognize each individual life as sacred - we each matter - The measurable is also the limited - whilst the immeasurable and directly felt is the infinite - Our finite world that all technology is built upon - is itself built on the raw material of the infinite

//

Annotate this report

The description of this scene is insinuating on the importance of the little things which I believe is what the author was trying to convey when asking such questions to seeing a dog with a bone. He even refers to Plato at one point who was known as a philosophical speaker who was wise in such ideas. "Plato says that true and reliable knowledge rests only with those who can comprehend the true reality behind the world of everyday experience." (Macintosh) Platos theory of forms suggested that there is a different reality to everything for each person. That would insinuate that for a dog, that bone is big thing worth his time, while as humans, we see the dog with his bone and think "why bother?".

The Lost Art of Library Card Catalogues<br /> by Claire Voon

Broadly a synopsis/advertisement for The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures (Chronicle, 2017), which I've put on my to read list.

The massive zettelkasten which powers the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae is befittingly housed on the top floors of the Residenz, the former palace of the Bavarian royal family, now a part of the Bavarian Academy (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) in Munich, Germany.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakhanovite_movement

How much of the 1935 Stakhanovite movement was propaganda vs. reality and how much of it used the ideas of scientific management from the late 1800s/early 1900s?

The Chicago Demotic Dictionary compiled by the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago was facilitated by computers compared with the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary which relied on index cards.

replacing the incentives to share on the open web are not a mere by-effect of it being abstracted away by generative AI, but an aimed for effect. As it may push people to seek the gains of sharing elsewhere, i.e. enclosed web3 services.

// - This is a good basic framing - for future basic research - on progress traps - Future paper would explore details in a much more granular way //

Google translation:

The sheer quantity exceeds the possibilities of book publication, the complex, multidimensional structure of a networked information base cannot be reproduced in print, and finally the dynamic of a constantly growing and constantly correcting material does not fit into the rigid rhythm of book production, in which each expanded and corrected new edition is associated with an incalculable amount of effort. A book publication could only offer a snapshot of such a database, reduced to a specific perspective. This too can be very useful from time to time, but it does not solve the problem of publishing the entire material.

While the writing criticism of "dumping out one's zettelkasten" into a paper, journal article, chapter, book, etc. has been reasonably frequent in the 20th century, often as a means of attempting to create a linear book-bound context in a local neighborhood of ideas, are there other more complex networks of ideas which we're not communicating because they don't neatly fit into linear narrative forms? Is it possible that there is a non-linear form(s) based on network theory in which more complex ideas ought to better be embedded for understanding?

Some of Niklas Luhmann's writing may show some of this complexity and local or even regional circularity, but perhaps it's a necessary means of communication to get these ideas across as they can't be placed into linear forms.

One can analogize this to Lie groups and algebras in which our reading and thinking experiences are limited only to local regions which appear on smaller scales to be Euclidean, when, in fact, looking at larger portions of the region become dramatically non-Euclidean. How are we to appropriately relate these more complex ideas?

What are the second and third order effects of this phenomenon?

An example of this sort of non-linear examination can be seen in attempting to translate the complexity inherent in the Wb (Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache) into a simple, linear dictionary of the Egyptian language. While the simplicity can be handy on one level, the complexity of transforming the entirety of the complexity of the network of potential meanings is tremendously difficult.

Alternate sort orders for the slips for the Wb include chronological, grammatical, semantic, and graphic, but for teasing out the meanings the original sort order was sufficient. Certainly other sort orders may reveal additional subtleties.

questions:

• What were the exact sizes of the slips? Had they been standardized at the time?

If you have not read about the Tilma, I highly suggest you do so. It is truly amazing and many organizations have researched it. NASA had conducted studies on it that they claimed broke certain laws of science. Likewise, as a child I remember stories of how during a series of civil strife in Mexico, a hand grenade was thrown in the church it resides in. Everything was destroyed, but it. The reflection of Juan Diego in the eye of The Blessed Virgin Mary is un-replicable, among others that I have probably forgotten.

The use of Priests, v.s. Pastors is a common theme seen in the textbook in later chapters. Protestants (which is the perspective we see the most given that the US formed out of British control) use pastors, which for many, but not all denominations serve as a sort of coach and for lack of a better term "qualified teacher". They assist in interpreting scripture, head services, but don't possess any position or power that separates them from the laity. In Catholic theology, Priests are not only an authority in our church, but have the ability to say Mass, administer The Holy Eucharist, hear confession, give The Last Rites etc.

This ties into some of the "arguments" that we see in later chapters from Protestants cast upon Catholics. Many, but not all Protestants (Typically those who practice a sort of High Church Protestantism) dislike the use of icons, as they are seen as a sort of superstition. Catholics on the other hand, use them as a form of visual aid in worship and a sign of reverence.

Of course the Spanish had renamed the city of Tenochtitlan to Mexico City. This entire story takes place around this region post Spanish occupation.

The actual apparitions happened in December of 1531. Obviously, the translations of this would take a while, especially with limited printing capabilities to fully publish it.

Spanish conversions up until this point had been mixed as far as success. Many individuals still held onto their old cultures and beliefs. As such, Catholic missionaries had reached a sort of roadblock in converting through peaceful means.

This connects to the course material in that we see the growth of Catholicism in Mexico. These native individuals down the line, along with Spanish influence would help shape the southwest of our country and the cultures they bring. Likewise, these advances served as points of contention for Anglo Protestant settlers in the coming centuries.

Our Lady of Guadalupe was pivotal in the conversion of the Native Aztec people to Catholicism. She appeared in the garbs of the natives and spoke to a native and a peasant as well. Her apparition was meant as a means to incorporate the individuals of this new exotic world, with the traditions and faith of the old.

Humility within Catholicism is one of the most important key elements of the faith. This is especially true with Our Most Holy Virgin, whose entire life was dedicated to humility and complete obedience to the will of God. For the Virgin herself to commend you on this would be very remarkable.

This while seemingly unimportant is actually very important. Within most Marian Apparitions, bright light or the Sun in some cases are commonplace. At Our Lady of Fatima we see what is referred to as the Miracle of The Sun and here, her garments shine with a sunlike aura. Christ's power and love is often depicted as the sun, this is to say her presence and herself are glowing with the love/power of Christ.

I wonder what the meaning of this word in English is? As for what this is, this is the site in which Juan Diego was met with the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The original name of Juan Diego before his renaming.

These are some of the findings that show what feeble-mindedness individuals have participated in a study. This is relevant to the history of psychology because because it goes over the finding in the study that were done by psychologists. Most of the studies findings are about how most of 1/3 of the sample of each study was feeble-minded. I like that findings of each study is listed because it helps give information about delinquents.

Lombroso wasn't able to find a connection between physical attributes and criminality. He was able to find physical attributes with feeble-mindedness. This is important to the history of psychology because physical attributes do not have a correlation with criminal behavior. Many people think that there is a connection with physical attributes and criminals, but there is no correlation.

I agree with this statement because if someone is failing there is a reason behind why they are failing. There could be many causes as to why someone fails something. This is important to the history of psychology because failure has happened many times throughout history and there are probably some underlining factors as to why some psychologists failed at certain things. Some causes of failure are lack of interest, poor instruction, poor self-esteem, and things happening at home that are distracting.

I think this is interesting because they had thought that under the right conditions that children would be equally, or almost equally, capable of making satisfactory school progress, but they made a discovery that not all children are equal or almost equal. There are different grades of intelligence depending on the person because everyone is different. This is important to the history of psychology because there has now been a discovery of different grades of intelligence. They used to think that children had an equal intelligence or almost equal but there are many different grades of intelligence grading from idiocy to average to genius. We still utilize the grades of intelligence today, but the grades are categorized differently such as idiocy being extremely low on the intelligence scale and genius being very superior. We have changed the name of the grades of intelligence.

I think this information is interesting because we are being told that more than 1/3 of school children fail to progress to the next grade. I think we need to incorporate different learning styles because what if the individual doesn't understand the concept the way it is being taught. Many people learn in different ways such as hands on learning, auditory learning, and visual learning. I think the reason 10% of $400,000,000 is going into teaching children what they have learned but have failed to learn is because there maybe something up head in learning that they might need to understand for the future. I have been retaught certain things when I moved up to the next grade level and I think it is to help refresh memory. I think another reason 10% goes to reteaching is because the students didn't understand the concept and needs to be retaught so they can understand for future uses.

• Table
  • Interrelationship of wealth and emissions per capita. //
• It is clear that we have an urgent need
• to bend the curve of emissions of elites

Watts, Charles J. The Cost of Production. Muskegon, MI: The Shaw-Walker Company, 1902. http://archive.org/details/costproduction01wattgoog.

Short book on managing manufacturing costs. Not too much of an advertisement for Shaw-Walker manufactured goods (files, file management, filing cabinets, etc.). Only 64 pages are the primary content and the balance (about half) are advertisements.

Given the publication date of 1902, this would have preceded the publication of System Magazine which began in 1903. This may have then been a prototype version of an early business magazine, but with a single author, no real editorial, and only one article.

Presumably it may also have served the marketing interests of Shaw-Walker as a marketing piece as well.

Tangentially, I'm a bit intrigued by the "Mr. Morse" mentioned on page 109 who is being touted as an in-house consultant for Shaw-Walker.... Is this the same Frank Morse who broke off to form the Browne-Morse Co.? (very likely)

see: see also: https://hypothes.is/a/Sp8s4sprEe24jitvkjkxzA for a snippet on Frank Morse.

According to the Niklas Luhmann-Archiv, Luhmann began his first zettelkasten in 1952 likely when he was working as a legal trainee in Lüneburg or as a government councilor in the Ministry of Education in Lower Saxony.

This timeframe would have been just after Johannes Erich Heyde had published the 8th edition of Technik des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens in 1951.

Link to: - https://hypothes.is/a/Jn9elsk5Ee2hsLP5WWBEBw on dates of NL ZK - https://hypothes.is/a/CqGhGvchEey6heekrEJ9WA aktenzeichen - https://hypothes.is/a/4wxHdDqeEe2OKGMHXDKezA Clemens Luhmann link

The evolution of a human being

• Ronald Wright gives his famous Massey talk on = progress traps
• The book
  • A Short History of Progress
• is based on a series of 5 talks he gave at the Massey Lectures
• All five talks are recorded here

This is certainly "a way", but history has shown, particularly in the United States, that government regulation is unlikely to get involved at all until it's far too late, if at all. Typically they're only regulating not only after maturity, but only when massive failure may cause issues for the wealthy and then the "regulation" is to bail them out.

Suggesting this here is so pie-in-the sky that it only creates a false hope (hope washing?) for the powerless. Is this sort of hope washing a recurring part of

What features would be design society towards? Stability? Freedom? Wealth? Tolerance?

How might long term evolution work for societies that maximized for tolerance given Popper's paradox of tolerance?

Pacheco-Vega uses 3 x 5, 4 x 6, and 5 x 8" index cards for various needs/purposes, meaning he breaks the guideline for using "cards of equal size". Though in his description it sounds like he files cards separately by size.

Raul Pacheco-Vega uses five different types of index cards (notes): - direct quotations - bibliographic references - one idea index card (a major idea or them in one or two sentences) - summaries - combined (or content) index card

Pacheco-Vega defines a "combined" or "content index card" or one might say a content note as a one with "direct quotations, draft notes and ideas, conceptual diagrams, etc. that are associated with" the work in question. These seem similar to Ahrens' fleeting notes, though seem a bit more fleshed out.

Interesting to see a passing mention of Hawk Sugano's Pile of Index Cards here in a note taking context rather than a productivity one.

How have I never seen these ideas brought together like this? I love it so much?

• Title: Buddhism and Money: The Repression of Emptiness Today
• Author: David Loy

David Loy explains how - the denial of ego-self, also known as anatma - becomes the root of a persistent sense of lack - as self-consciousness continues to try to ground itself, reify itself and make itself real - while all the meanwhile it is a compelling mental construction

A good paper on the role (non-rational) relational ritual can play to help us out of the current polycrisis is given here: https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fwo%2F25%2F2%2Farticle-p113_1.xml%3Flanguage%3Den&group=world

Quote - the sin of being born. - the worm in the heart of the human condition - an inescapable consequence of self-consciousness itself

//In Other Words - Money is the new secular reiigion

It has been suggested that - the human species may be undergoing an evolutionary transition in individuality (ETI).

there is disagreement about - how to apply the ETI framework to our species - and whether culture is implicated - as either cause or consequence.

Long-term gene–culture coevolution (GCC) i- s - also poorly understood.

argued that - culture steers human evolution,

Others proposed - genes hold culture on a leash.

After review of the literature and evidence on long-term GCC in humans - emerge a set of common themes. - First, culture appears to hold greater adaptive potential than genetic inheritance - and is probably driving human evolution. - The evolutionary impact of culture occurs - mainly through culturally organized groups, - which have come to dominate human affairs in recent millennia. - Second, the role of culture appears to be growing, - increasingly bypassing genetic evolution and weakening genetic adaptive potential. -Taken together, these findings suggest that human long-term GCC is characterized by - an evolutionary transition in inheritance - from genes to culture - which entails a transition in individuality (from genetic individual to cultural group). Research on GCC should focus on the possibility of - an ongoing transition in the human inheritance system.

• diagram
• living in a sustainable consumption corridor
• bound by minima and maxima consumption

• Paraphrase
• Claim
  • earth-friendly, justice-supporting consumers cannot translate their values into meaningful impact.
• Evidence
• “the shading and distancing of commerce” Princen (1997) is an effect of information assymetry.
  • producers up and down a supply chain can hide the negative social and environmental impacts of their operations, putting conscientious consumers at a disadvantage. //
• this is a result of the evolution of alienation accelerated by the industrial revolution that created the dualistic abstractions of producers and consumers.
• Before that, producers and consumers lived often one and the same in small village settings
• After the Industrial Revolution, producers became manufacturers with imposing factories that were cutoff from the general population

• This set the conditions for opaqueness that have plagued us ever since. //

• time constraints, competing values, and everyday routines together thwart the rational intentions of well-meaning consumers (Røpke 1999)

• assigning primary responsibility for system change to individual consumers is anathema to transformative change (Maniates 2001, 2019)

• This can be broken down into three broad categories of reasons:

  • Rebound effects
    • https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=jevon%27s+paradox
    • increases in consumption consistently thwart effciency-driven resource savings across a wide variety of sectors (Stern 2020). -sustainability scholars increasingly critique “effciency” both as:
      • a concept (Shove 2018)
      • as a form of“weak sustainable consumption governance” (Fuchs and Lorek 2005).
    • Many argue that, to be successful, effciency measures must be accompanied by initiatives that limit overall levels of consumption, that is, “strong sustainable consumption governance.

  • Attitude-behavior gap

  • Behavior-impact gap

// - see also Kevin Anderson's presentation on "The Ostrich and the Phoenix" - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=ostrich+and+the+phoenix - humans opt for the just-in-time techno path because we can "kick the can down the road" and procastinate and allow the next generation deal with the problem - As Anderson shows, there isn't enough time for renewable energy to scale to make a difference in the short term and the difficult social problem of massive social behavior change is unfortunately the best way to solve the problem - the allure of technology is that it can fix any problem - the reality is that last generation's technology is unfortunately often the source of this generation's problems - technology not only produces progress, but the unintended consequences produce progress traps which become the inspiration for new technology in an endless cycle of self-created problems giving rise to avoidable solutions

• Paraphrase
• three essential points for having a good life:
  • A good life goes beyond mere survival and moves into a life that humans value
  • A good life ensures that individuals have the opportunity to flourish
  • A good life requires providing the conditions and resources individuals need to satisfy or develop their full potential

• Comment
• related to the previous comment on limits

• Comment
• This is pretty obvious that living within society means abiding by laws, but still shockingly ignored by many, especially of the libertarian persuasion.

• Comment
• When
  • human needs
  • individual preferences
  • individual freedom
• are combined, it provides the individual with agency, creativity and freedom to choose a lifetsyle within ecological limits
• Especially when we are collectively in overshoot, we must adhere to such limits
• Limits always exist within any society. There is no such thing as absolute freedom
• However, we have been abusing our ecological freedom and have thereby threatened our own existence by doing so

• Title: Ecological consequences of human niche construction: Examining long-term anthropogenic shaping of global species distributions
• Author:
  • Nicole L. Bolvin
  • Melinda A. Zeder
  • Dorian O. Fuller
  • Michael D. Petraglia