The only way you can become a buddha is to see the nature of ultimate reality with the motivation of relieving the suffering of sentient beings. And in order to do that, you have to cultivate this wisdom.

this what Alnoor just put out was a graphical representation of what is it for us to go from these pyramid logics, this dominant system, and start to shift our gaze into what we will talk about as as spiral logic, as trans logic is other ways where we set first and foremost, not just saying that it's the work of philosophers and mystics and others to sit with these first principle questions, questions of ontology. But indeed, it's the responsibility of all of us who are taking full responsibility for what it means to be alive in these times, for how do we see how do we know what we know? How do we think about what we know that we know? How do we behave in accordance to what we see and what we know? And what is our set of ethics that goes along with that.

Lynne and I interviewed a couple of people who had come into huge amounts of wealth, and we're just setting up their their philanthropy. And they would they would be very optimistic at first. They would have these huge sort of ranges of potential of what they believe they could achieve. And then we would talk to them six months later or a year later,

we're using post in the way postmodernists use post, which is it's informed by modernism, it's informed by capitalism without being able to transcend it necessarily because capitalism and it's the most recent incarnation of capitalism, which is neoliberalism, is like the oxygen that we breathe. It's all encompassing. It's totalitarian in its nature. And it's pervasive. And so in that sense, we say we have to be informed by the logic of the dominant system.

Let your operating system handle daemons, respawning and logging while you focus on your application features and users.

This looks at Caffeinate::Mailing records where send_at has past, skipped_at is nil, and the associated Caffeinate::CampaignSubscription is has empty ended_at and unsubscribed_at values.

1.4.9. Porte NON-OU-exclusif ou Équivalence (XNOR) La porte Équivalence produit une sortie 1 lorsque ses entrées ont la même valeur (et sont donc équivalentes). Comme pour les portes XOR, les portes XNOR à plus de trois entrées peuvent s’interpréter de différentes façons. Figure 11  : Porte XNOR

a rule set

Why, by making him uncapable of Othello’s place:knocking out his brains.

논리적으로 말하기, 논리적으로 사고하기

Bee-and-Flower Logic

But the last question, What of it?, requires considerable restraint on the part of the reader. It is here that the situationwe described earlier may occur-namely, the situation in whichthe reader says, "I cannot fault the author's conclusions, butI nevertheless disagree with them." This comes about, of course,because of the prejudgments that the reader is likely to haveconcerning the author's approach and his conclusions.

Business logic in theory occupies the middle tier of a 3-tier architecture.

I'm using LaTeX to create my Zettel notes. .t3_158gy35._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #9b9b9b; --postBodyLink-VisitedLinkColor: #989898; }

The distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge thus broadly corresponds to the distinction between empirical and nonempirical knowledge.

The terms “a priori” and “a posteriori” are used primarily to denote the foundations upon which a proposition is known. A given proposition is knowable a priori if it can be known independent of any experience other than the experience of learning the language in which the proposition is expressed, whereas a proposition that is knowable a posteriori is known on the basis of experience.

It’s like the old joke about the kid shoveling out the manure pile, because he’s sure there’s a pony in there, somewhere.

I’ve also begun adopting a style loosely based on the approach to introductory signals used in legal writing, where things like See: [[something]] and See also: [[something]] and But see: [[something]] each have slightly different meanings. This gives me a set of supporting, comparison, and contradictory signals I can use when placing links as well.

The variable x initially has the type unknown: the type of all values. The predicate typeof x === "number" extracts dynamic information about the value bound to x, but the type-checker can exploit this information for static reasoning. In the body of the if statement the predicate is assumed to be true; therefore, it must be the case the value bound to x is a number. TypeScript exploits this information and narrows the type of x from unknown to number in the body of if statement.

It is necessary that the student be alert to reason as the speakerreasons. It is very dangerous to jot down the results of reasoning if youhave not followed it in your own mind.

If an educated citizenry makes democracy possible, attacking schools becomes a proxy war to limit democracy.

As a result, these Freedom Schools made citizens.

According to PEN America, a nonprofit dedicated to protecting free expression, legislatures in 36 states have proposed 137 bills that would limit teaching about race, gender and American history.

My freely downloadable Beginning Mathematical Logic is a Study Guide, suggesting introductory readings beginning at sub-Masters level. Take a look at the main introductory suggestions on First-Order Logic, Computability, Set Theory as useful preparation. Tackling mid-level books will help develop your appreciation of mathematical approaches to logic.

for settling in a finite number of steps, whether a relevant object hasproperty P.Relatedly, the answer to a question Q is effectively decidable ifand only if there is an algorithm which gives the answer, again by adeterministic computation, in a finite number of steps.

“In order to talk to each other, we have to have words, and that’s all right. It’s a good idea to try to see the difference, and it’s a good idea to know when we are teaching the tools of science, such as words, and when we are teaching science itself,” Feynman said.

You can do searches that exclude certain labels. That is, searches like this will do what you expect: (label:MyLabel1 AND NOT label:inbox AND NOT label:MyBadLabel1) That search will show you only messages that: Do have MyLabel1 And do not have label inbox And do not have label MyBadLabel1 The tricks are: to get yourself out of conversation mode! (As @Ruben says above.) to use UPPER CASE for the logic operators (AND NOT will work, and not won't) If you leave "conversation mode" on, you will get confusing results. For example, doing that search above (with conversation mode on), will likely return messages that do NOT match your search. It may be a bit weird. Here's the deal: Conversations are collections of messages that all have the same Subject. When "conversation mode" is on, searches return entire conversations as results. So what should gmail search do if a conversation contains both a message that matches, and a message that does not match your search? You are probably expecting it to return conversations only if all messages in that conversation match. But that is not correct. Instead, Gmail search will return conversations even if only a single message in that conversation matches. So that means that if you do the same search above with "conversation mode" on, the results are likely to include messages that do not match your search!

His social theory, developed over thirty years, owes a massive intellectual debt to the work of the English philosopher and mathematician George Spencer-Brown. Spencer-Brown's work of algebraic locic, Laws of Form (1969), was a minor cult hit in the 1970s

Dialectic, that is to say, embraced Logic andDisputation.

On this point, for instance, thebook on John Dewey's technique of thought by Bogos-lovsky, The Logic of Controversy, and C.E. Ayers' essayon the gospel of technology in Philosophy Today andTomorrow, edited by Hook and Kallen.

We should all transition from thinking about logic as a field of great dead white men and as a field of “geniuses”, to recognizing those men for the flawed creatures they were, whose “genius” relied on the subjugation of many women and BIPOC around them, and ensuring that the Wikipedia, SEP, etc., pages for these logicians acknowledge that.

add more diversity to, e.g., the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, by including more entries on Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) folks, and also by acknowledging the work of BIPOC folks in entries which are already present, to compile a list of resources about less studied logics, and to track the number of female and BIPOC participants in logic events. One notable resource that started to develop over the course of the day was a collection of some lived experiences of BIPOC logicians.

Teaching suggestions for diversifying logic courses and suggestions for how to make logic more accessible for students from a wide variety of backgrounds included getting rid of genius culture and stereotypes in logic, focusing on logic as a practical tool which requires practice to get good at, using low-cost materials, implementing mastery grading and providing mentorship opportunities.

It seems that one of the innovations of the Port-RoyalGrammar of 1660 – the work that initiated the tradition of philosophical gram-mar – was its recognition of the importance of the notion of the phrase as agrammatical unit.

the Port-RoyalGrammar and Logic,

5.5 Logic, reason, and common sense are your best tools for synthesizing reality and understanding what to do about it.

Jan Westerhoff on Nāgārjuna

No Four Ways About It: Nāgārjuna’s Tetralemma

Since one cannot prove that it is inaccurate, you cannot discount its possibility.

Capybara can get us part of the way there. It allows us to work with an API rather than manipulating the HTML directly, but what it provides isn't an application specific API. It gives us low-level API methods like find, fill_in, and click_button, but it doesn't provide us with high-level methods to do things like "sign in to the app" or "click the Dashboard item in the navigation bar".

Order RelationsA relation C on a set A is called an order relation (or a simple order, or a linear order)if it has the following properties:(1) (Comparability) For every x and y in A for which x = y, either xCy or yCx.(2) (Nonreflexivity) For no x in A does the relation xCx hold.(3) (Transitivity) If xCy and yCz, then xCz.Note that property (1) does not by itself exclude the possibility that for some pair ofelements x and y of A, both the relations xCy and yCx hold (since “or” means “oneor the other, or both”). But properties (2) and (3) combined do exclude this possibil-ity; for if both xCy and yCx held, transitivity would imply that xCx, contradictingnonreflexivity.EXAMPLE 7. Consider the relation on the real line consisting of all pairs (x, y) of real

‘Noble’ savages are, ultimately, just as boring as savageones; more to the point, neither actually exist. Helena Valero washerself adamant on this point. The Yanomami were not devils, sheinsisted, neither were they angels. They were human, like the rest ofus.

I do think that if you in fact have a losing ticket, then you know it. And if you have winning ticket then you can justifiably, but incorrectly, think you know you have a losing ticket.I think the only good way to deny knowledge in lottery cases is to demand infallibility from knowledge, which than loses us pretty much all ordinary knowledge.

Johannes Schmidt vom Niklas Luhmann-Archiv bemerkte hierzu, dass der Kasten in vielerlei Hinsicht einer unscharfen Logik folge. Man stelle sich einen Botaniker vor, dessen Klassifikationssystem durch einen unerwarteten Pflanzenfund ins Wanken gerät. Ähnlich mussten Schmidt und seine CCeH-Mitstreiter Martina Gödel, Patrick Sahle und Sebastian Zimmer immer wieder aufgrund von überraschenden Zettelmerkmalen ihr Datenmodell nachbessern und modifizieren.

General relativity implies that information gets destroyed; quantum theory says it’s preserved. Hence the paradox.

Minto is the originator of the MECE principle pronounced "ME-see",[6][3] a grouping principle for separating a set of items into subsets that are mutually exclusive (ME) and collectively exhaustive (CE).[7] MECE underlies her Minto Pyramid Principle,[3] which suggests that people's ideas should be communicated in a pyramid format in which summary points are derived from constituent and supporting sub-points:[8] Grouping together low-level facts they see as similar Drawing an insight from having seen the similarity Forming a new grouping of related insights, etc. Minto argues that one "can’t derive an idea from a grouping unless the ideas in the grouping are logically the same, and in logical order.”[3]

The keyword data tells us this is an inductive definition, that is, that we are defining a new datatype with constructors

All safe methods are also idempotent, but not all idempotent methods are safe. For example, PUT and DELETE are both idempotent but unsafe.

Do add business logic to helpers or utilities, so you can test them separately from your component.

Prominence as a critic tends to reinforce itself. The person who appears on news shows is the person who gets to star in a documentary is the person who gets to testify before the Senate is the person who gets invited back onto the news shows, and so forth.

Two of the predominant types of relationships in knowledge-representation systems are predication and the universally quantified conditional.

In autoepistemic logic, which rejects the law of excluded middle, predicates may be true, false, or simply unknown

While propositional logic can only express facts, autoepistemic logic can express knowledge and lack of knowledge about facts.

The autoepistemic logic is a formal logic for the representation and reasoning of knowledge about knowledge.

An array is from a logical point of view not an object - although JavaScript handles and reports them as such. In practice however, it is not helpful to see them equal, because they are not.

arrays are not objects from a logical point of view. I'm speaking about program logic. It is sometimes necessary to check if an array is a "real" array and definitely not an "real" object. That's what Array.isArray() is for. Imagine you have a function which accepts an object or an array of objects.

These methods should be used with caution, however, because important business rules and application logic may be kept in callbacks. Bypassing them without understanding the potential implications may lead to invalid data.

Provides a bunch of primitives to write declarative business logic

Since an inverse is the contrapositive of the converse, inverse and converse are logically equivalent to each other.

Trailblazer strikes when it comes to organizing business code.

An endpoint links your routing with your business code. The idea is that your controllers are pure HTTP routers, calling the respective endpoint for each action. From there, the endpoint takes over, handles authentication, policies, executing the domain code, interpreting the result, and providing hooks to render a response.

In Trailblazer, models are completely empty. They solely contain associations and finders. No business logic is allowed in models.

Operations encapsulate business logic and are the heart of a Trailblazer architecture.

ActiveInteraction plays nicely with Rails. You can use interactions to handle your business logic instead of models or controllers.

simplify complex business logic

I will continue to use form objects and push changes into the repo when I feel they are universally relevant and valuable.

we get the benefit of isolating request specific logic without cramming it into a ActiveRecord model that will be used in multiple controllers/actions

quibble

JOINING RULE: If x and y are theorems, then < x∧y> is a theorem. SEPARATION RULE: If < x∧y> is a theorem, then both x and y are theorems. DOUBLE-TILDE RULE: The string '~~' can be deleted from any theorem can also be inserted into any theorem, provided that the result string is itself well-formed. FANTASY RULE: If y can be derived when x is assumed to be a theorem then < x⊃y> is a theorem. CARRY-OVER RULE: Inside a fantasy, any theorem from the "reality" c level higher can be brought in and used. RULE OF DETACHMENT: If x and < x⊃y> are both theorems, then y is a theorem. CONTRAPOSITIVE RULE: <x⊃y> and <~y⊃~x> are interchangeable DE MORGAN'S RULE: <~x∧~y> and ~< x∨y> are interchangeable. SWITCHEROO RULE: <x∨y> and <~x⊃y> are interchangeable

"Headless Tippy" refers to Tippy without any of the default element rendering or CSS. This allows you to create your own element from scratch and use Tippy for its logic only.

umor cells rely on glutamine to fulfill their metabolic demands and sustain proliferation. The elevated consumption of glutamine can lead to intratumoral nutrient depletion, causing metabolic stress that has the potential to impact tumor progression

We all know that real business logic does not belong in the presentation layer, but what about simple presentation-oriented things like coloring alternate rows in table or marking the selected option in a <select> dropdown? It seems equally wrong to ask the controller/business logic code to compute these down to simple booleans in order to reduce the logic in the presentation template. This route just lead to polluting the business layer code with presentation-oriented logic.

Templates with logic versus "logic-less" templates is a hotly debated point among template language designer and users. Dust straddles the divide by adopting a "less logic" stance.

Arguably, it leans into JSX land—including logic in the templates.

Also a vote against, for the simple reason that logicless templates would be the ultimate goal for me.

one of the reasons people sometimes balk at mustache-like syntax is just that: logic in the templates.

Writing a logic-less template requires a bloated view model with comprehensive getters for the raw data. As a result, a messy and difficult-to-maintain view model usually accompanies logic-less templates.

Full-of-logic, logic-less, and less-logic solutions

that does not mean that I am advocating the other extreme–i.e., a templating language that allows a lot of logic. I find such templating languages, especially those that allow the host programming languages to be used inside the template, to be hard to read, hard to maintain, and simply a bad choice.

Mustache is described as a "logic-less" system because it lacks any explicit control flow statements, like if and else conditionals or for loops

Here, when x is a Boolean value then the section tag acts like an if conditional, but when x is an array then it acts like a foreach loop.

A second caution relates to elaborative encoding. The mnemonic techniques are, as you have likely realized, an example of elaborative encoding in action, connecting the things we want to memorize (say, our shopping list) to something which already has meaning for us (say, our memory palace). By contrast, when an expert learns new information in their field, they don’t make up artificial connections to their memory palace. Instead, they find meaningful connections to what they already know.

In logic, functions or relations A and B are considered dual if A(¬x) = ¬B(x), where ¬ is logical negation. The basic duality of this type is the duality of the ∃ and ∀ quantifiers in classical logic. These are dual because ∃x.¬P(x) and ¬∀x.P(x) are equivalent for all predicates P in classical logic

However, all the machinery of propositional logic is included in first-order logic and higher-order logics. In this sense, propositional logic is the foundation of first-order logic and higher-order logic.

Willard Van Orman Quine insisted on classical, first-order logic as the true logic, saying higher-order logic was "set theory in disguise".

For instance, cor does not distribute over cand: compare (A cand B) cor C with (A cor C) cand (B cor C); in the case ¬A ∧ C , the second expression requires B to be defined, the first one does not

In the context of first-order logic, a distinction is maintained between logical validities, sentences that are true in every model, and tautologies, which are a proper subset of the first-order logical validities.

内涵：某一词项的含义，即该词项所指对象共同具有的特有属性。外延：某一词项所指的对象。

the security risk argument doesn't make sense. Numerous social media and forum sites support HTML and they don't seem particularly prone to security issues.