94 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
  2. Mar 2024
  3. Jan 2024
    1. Instance methods Instances of Models are documents. Documents have many of their own built-in instance methods. We may also define our own custom document instance methods. // define a schema const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String }, { // Assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema through schema options. // By following this approach, there is no need to create a separate TS type to define the type of the instance functions. methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } }); // Or, assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); }; Now all of our animal instances have a findSimilarTypes method available to them. const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema); const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog' }); dog.findSimilarTypes((err, dogs) => { console.log(dogs); // woof }); Overwriting a default mongoose document method may lead to unpredictable results. See this for more details. The example above uses the Schema.methods object directly to save an instance method. You can also use the Schema.method() helper as described here. Do not declare methods using ES6 arrow functions (=>). Arrow functions explicitly prevent binding this, so your method will not have access to the document and the above examples will not work.

      Certainly! Let's break down the provided code snippets:

      1. What is it and why is it used?

      In Mongoose, a schema is a blueprint for defining the structure of documents within a collection. When you define a schema, you can also attach methods to it. These methods become instance methods, meaning they are available on the individual documents (instances) created from that schema.

      Instance methods are useful for encapsulating functionality related to a specific document or model instance. They allow you to define custom behavior that can be executed on a specific document. In the given example, the findSimilarTypes method is added to instances of the Animal model, making it easy to find other animals of the same type.

      2. Syntax:

      Using methods object directly in the schema options:

      javascript const animalSchema = new Schema( { name: String, type: String }, { methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } } );

      Using methods object directly in the schema:

      javascript animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };

      Using Schema.method() helper:

      javascript animalSchema.method('findSimilarTypes', function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); });

      3. Explanation in Simple Words with Examples:

      Why it's Used:

      Imagine you have a collection of animals in your database, and you want to find other animals of the same type. Instead of writing the same logic repeatedly, you can define a method that can be called on each animal instance to find similar types. This helps in keeping your code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) and makes it easier to maintain.

      Example:

      ```javascript const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const { Schema } = mongoose;

      // Define a schema with a custom instance method const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String });

      // Add a custom instance method to find similar types animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };

      // Create the Animal model using the schema const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);

      // Create an instance of Animal const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog', name: 'Buddy' });

      // Use the custom method to find similar types dog.findSimilarTypes((err, similarAnimals) => { console.log(similarAnimals); }); ```

      In this example, findSimilarTypes is a custom instance method added to the Animal schema. When you create an instance of the Animal model (e.g., a dog), you can then call findSimilarTypes on that instance to find other animals with the same type. The method uses the this.type property, which refers to the type of the current animal instance. This allows you to easily reuse the logic for finding similar types across different instances of the Animal model.

      Certainly! Let's go through each part and explain it in simple terms: ### 1. `this` in Mongoose: - **What is `this`?** In JavaScript, `this` refers to the current context or object. In Mongoose, particularly within methods and middleware functions, `this` represents the instance (document) the function is currently operating on. - **Why is it used?** `this` is used to access and modify the properties of the current document. For example, in a Mongoose method, `this` allows you to refer to the fields of the specific document the method is called on. ### 2. Example: Let's use the `userSchema.pre("save", ...)`, which is a Mongoose middleware, as an example: ```javascript userSchema.pre("save", async function (next) { if (!this.isModified("password")) { next(); } else { this.password = await bcrypt.hash(this.password, 10); next(); } }); ``` - **Explanation in Simple Words:** - Imagine you have a system where users can sign up and set their password. - Before saving a new user to the database, you want to ensure that the password is securely encrypted (hashed) using a library like `bcrypt`. - The `userSchema.pre("save", ...)` is a special function that runs automatically before saving a user to the database. - In this function: - `this.isModified("password")`: Checks if the password field of the current user has been changed. - If the password is not modified, it means the user is not updating their password, so it just moves on to the next operation (saving the user). - If the password is modified, it means a new password is set or the existing one is changed. In this case, it uses `bcrypt.hash` to encrypt (hash) the password before saving it to the database. - The use of `this` here is crucial because it allows you to refer to the specific user document that's being saved. It ensures that the correct password is hashed for the current user being processed. In summary, `this` in Mongoose is a way to refer to the current document or instance, and it's commonly used to access and modify the properties of that document, especially in middleware functions like the one demonstrated here for password encryption before saving to the database.

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  4. Jun 2023
    1. Learning heterogeneous graph embedding for Chinese legal document similarity

      The paper proposes L-HetGRL, an unsupervised approach using a legal heterogeneous graph and incorporating legal domain-specific knowledge, to improve Legal Document Similarity Measurement (LDSM) with superior performance compared to other methods.

    2. China's increasing digitization of legal documents has led to a focus on using information technology to extract valuable information efficiently. Legal Document Similarity Measurement (LDSM) plays a vital role in legal assistant systems by identifying similar legal documents. Early approaches relied on text content or statistical measures, but recent advances include neural network-based methods and pre-trained language models like BERT. However, these approaches require labeled data, which is expensive and challenging to obtain for legal documents. To address this, the authors propose an unsupervised approach called L-HetGRL, which utilizes a legal heterogeneous graph constructed from encyclopedia knowledge. L-HetGRL integrates heterogeneous content, document structure, and legal domain-specific knowledge. Extensive experiments show the superiority of L-HetGRL over unsupervised and even supervised methods, providing promising results for legal document analysis.

  5. May 2023
  6. Mar 2023
    1. Google Books .pdf document equivalence problem #7884

      I've noticed on a couple of .pdf documents from Google books that their fingerprints, lack thereof, or some other glitch in creating document equivalency all seem to clash creating orphans.

      Example, the downloadable .pdf of Geyer's Stationer 1904 found at https://www.google.com/books/edition/Geyer_s_Stationer/L507AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 currently has 109 orphaned annotations caused by this issue.

      See also a specific annotation on this document: https://hypothes.is/a/vNmUHMB3Ee2VKgt4yhjofg

  7. Jan 2023
    1. Did you see the rest of my post too? If you are reading the replies only in email, don't. Visit the forum and open the thread. Because when we edit a post, you don't receive the modification by email, only the initial post. I added few things to my last one...
    1. Recommandation 21.Prévoir la signature d’une lettre individuelle par le chef d’établissement et par l’intervenant extérieur recruté, qui précise les modalités de l’intervention (préparation en amont, présence d’un référent, établissement d’un bilan commun, etc.) dans le respect des valeurs portées par l’École de la République
    2. Recommandation 24. Systématiser les bilans annuels à tous les niveaux, local, départemental, académique.
    3. Recommandation 23. Établir, dans chaque établissement, un tableau récapitulant les actions menées surl’éducation à la sexualité en interne et avec les intervenants extérieurs, leur durée, leur financement, et levolume horaire consacré
    4. Recommandation 20. Développer les documents-cadres précisant les conditions d’organisation des séancesd’éducation à la sexualité (notamment les objectifs, les cibles, le financement, les réseaux d’intervenants, lesoffres d’interventions et de formations, le suivi) entre les différents partenaires institutionnels et associatifsdépartementaux et/ou régionaux, sur lesquels peuvent s’appuyer les établissements
    5. Recommandation 14. Élaborer des documents de sensibilisation destinés aux parents sur les interventionsmenées conjointement par l’éducation nationale et les collectivités et/ou les associations afin de donner unéclairage sur les modalités et les objectifs de l’éducation à la sexualité
  8. Nov 2022
    1. I work primarily on Windows, but I support my kids who primarily use Mac for their college education. I have used DT on Mac, IPOS, IOS for about a year. On Windows, I have been using Kinook’s UltraRecall (UR) for the past 15 years. It is both a knowledge outliner and document manager. Built on top of a sql lite database. You can use just life DT and way way more. Of course, there is no mobile companion for UR. The MS Windows echo system in this regard is at least 12 years behind.

      Reference for UltraRecall (UR) being the most DEVONthink like Windows alternative. No mobile companion for UR. Look into this being paired with Obsidian

  9. Jul 2022
  10. Jan 2022
  11. Oct 2021
    1. social annotation

      Had I known about Hypothesis at the time of my collaboration with Ilaria Forte, I likely would have suggested this as a tool for documenting the stream of consciousness, collecting stories in the context of the media that people are experiencing on the web.

  12. Jun 2021
    1. DID infrastructure can be thought of as a global key-value database in which the database is all DID-compatible blockchains, distributed ledgers, or decentralized networks. In this virtual database, the key is a DID, and the value is a DID document. The purpose of the DID document is to describe the public keys, authentication protocols, and service endpoints necessary to bootstrap cryptographically-verifiable interactions with the identified entity.

      DID infrastructure can be thought of as a key-value database.

      The database is a virtual database consisting of various different blockchains.

      The key is the DID and the value is the DID document.

      The purpose of the DID document is to hold public keys, authentication protocols and service endpoints necessary to bootstrap cryptographically-verifiable interactions with the identified entity.

  13. May 2021
    1. we must shed our outdated concept of a document. We need to think in terms of flexible jumping and viewing options. The objects assembled into a document should be dealt with explicitly as representaions of kernel concepts in the authors' minds, and explicit structuring options have to be utilized to provide a much enhanced mapping of the source concept structures.

      This seems like the original concept that Microsoft's Fluid document framework is based on. And Apple's earlier OpenDoc project.

    1. I like the idea in theory, however it doesn’t feel very robust – you are relying on the layout of the page in question. Many authors regularly revisit articles and add new sections and paragraphs. Now your #h2:3 link points to a previous section. (This is far less likely to happen with IDs.)
  14. Apr 2021
  15. Mar 2021
    1. Veränderbarkeit,

      Bereits hier vorne im Text sollte kurz betont werden, dass Veränderbarkeit ermöglicht werden kann, aber nicht muss bzw. dass Veränderlichkeit in ein festgelegtes Verhältnis zur dauerhaftigen Zitierfähigkeit tritt, z.B. durch Versionierung und damit neue Formen der Werksintegrität entstehen. Denn das ist nach wie vor einer der polemischen Anwürfe, dass die Zitierfähigkeit digitaler Publikationen nicht gegeben sei, weil sie ja unkontrolliert vreändert werden könnten. Das wird zwar später im Text genauer ausgeführt. Trotzdem sollte "Veränderbarkeit" präziser operationalisiert werden.

  16. Feb 2021
    1. Note: This question has been edited since it was asked. The original title was "Test whether a glob has any matches in bash". The specific shell, 'bash', was dropped from the question after I published my answer. The editing of the question's title makes my answer appear to be in error. I hope someone can amend or at least address this change.
    1. i2c, Inc.                  ATTN: Rob Seiler                  100 Redwood Shores Parkway                  Suite 100                  Redwood City, CA 94065
    2. courtorders@i2cinc.com
    1. Although one thing you want to avoid is using frames in such a manner that the content of the site is in the frame and a menu is outside of the frame. Although this may seem convienient, all of your pages become unbookmarkable.
    1. Iframes can have similar issues as frames and inconsiderate use of XMLHttpRequest: They break the one-document-per-URL paradigm, which is essential for the proper functioning of the web (think bookmarks, deep-links, search engines, ...).
    2. The most striking such issue is probably that of deep linking: It's true that iframes suffer from this to a lesser extent than frames, but if you allow your users to navigate between different pages in the iframe, it will be a problem.
  17. Dec 2020
  18. Oct 2020
    1. By wrapping a stateful ExternalModificationDetector component in a Field component, we can listen for changes to a field's value, and by knowing whether or not the field is active, deduce when a field's value changes due to external influences.

      Clever.

      By wrapping a stateful ExternalModificationDetector component in a Field component

      I think you mean wrapping a Field in a ExternalModificationDetector. Or wrapping a ExternalModificationDetector around a Field component.

    1. The Office of Police Oversight has some of the most viewed pages on Alpha. Since April 2020, the number of documents grew exponentially, requiring us to make some changes to the viewing structure. We added "collections" as a way to group like documents together, and have made the documents searchable. Keyword and date search will be available in October 2020.

      Official document use & style guide

  19. Sep 2020
  20. Aug 2020
    1. Equivalent to role="region". Content that needs extra context from its parent sectioning element to make sense. This is a generic sectioning element that is used whenever it doesn’t make sense to use the other more semantic ones.
    2. Content that is self-contained in that it makes sense on its own when taken out of context. That could mean a widget, a blog post or even a comment within a blog post.
  21. Jul 2020
    1. "that text has been removed from the official version on the Apache site." This itself is also not good. If you post "official" records but then quietly edit them over time, I have no choice but to assume bad faith in all the records I'm shown by you. Why should I believe anything Apache board members claim was "minuted" but which in fact it turns out they might have just edited into their records days, weeks or years later? One of the things I particularly watch for in modern news media (where no physical artefact captures whatever "mistakes" are published as once happened with newspapers) is whether when they inevitably correct a mistake they _acknowledge_ that or they instead just silently change things.
    1. Note that ONLYOFFICE Document Server does not contain any document management system. ONLYOFFICE online editors (Document Server) can be: integrated with various cloud storage platforms like Confluence, Alfresco, Nextcloud, ownCloud, Seafile, SharePoint, HumHub, Plone, etc.
    1. I crumpled up the letter in my pocket, and forgot it the moment after, in the all-absorbing interest of my coming interview with Rachel.

      Here is another document to keep track of. What would Mr. Candy want to say to Franklin?

  22. Jun 2020
    1. XML Topic Maps will be put online in that fashion, and thus, that book will become a living document.
    1. Documents in Cloud Firestore should be lightweight, and a chat room could contain a large number of messages
    2. documents support extra data types and are limited in size to 1 MB
    3. In Cloud Firestore, the unit of storage is the document. A document is a lightweight record that contains fields, which map to values. Each document is identified by a name.
  23. May 2020
  24. Apr 2020
  25. Dec 2019
  26. Sep 2019
    1. Documentality thus serves as a unifying concept to the inscription of acts

      ideas tied to materiality

    2. Maurizio Ferraris’ theory of documentality, which is centered on the document as an essential element of humanity

      document-centrism!

      homo-documentum!

    3. Document-Instrument

      ontological fusion between the document and the instrument

    4. The Aims of Organized Documentation consist in being able to offer documented information on any order of fact and knowledge: 1° universal as to their purpose; 2° truthful; 3° complete; 4° fast; 5° up to date; 6° easy to obtain; 7° collected in advance and ready to be communicated; 8° made available to the greatest number of people (Otlet, 1934, p. 6).

      characteristics of a good document

  27. Jun 2019
    1. highScores.length

      you have not yet described any of the functions. you really should before you introduce them. Or at least give a comment. Put a link to where they can check these out. Especially critical when you get to 2d arrays..

  28. May 2019
    1. Virtually all BPMs have utilities for creating simple, data-gathering forms. And in many types of workflows, these simple forms may be adequate. However, in any workflow that includes complex document assembly (such as loan origination workflows), BPM forms are not likely to get the job done. Automating the assembly of complex documents requires ultra-sophisticated data-gathering forms, which can only be designed and created after the documents themselves have been automated. Put another way, you won't know which questions need to be asked to generate the document(s) until you've merged variables and business logic into the documents themselves. The variables you merge into the document serve as question fields in the data gathering forms. And here's the key point - since you have to use the document assembly platform to create interviews that are sophisticated enough to gather data for your complex documents, you might as well use the document assembly platform to generate all data-gathering forms in all of your workflows.
  29. Mar 2019
  30. Feb 2019
    1. savoirs et savoir-faire

      on ajoute parfois un troisième pan au triptyque des "savoirs" = les savoirs, le savoir-faire et le faire-savoir, qui rencontre un écho dans le graphique du chapitre suivant dans les trois dimensions du document. Les savoirs sont la dimension historique, le savoir-faire le juridique et enfin, et surtout, le faire-savoir, la dimension pédagogique

  31. Jan 2019
  32. dev01.inside-out-project.com dev01.inside-out-project.com
    |
    1
    1. An HTML element is an individual component of an HTML document or web page, once this has been parsed into the Document Object Model.

      Know the Document Object Model.

  33. Nov 2017
    1. if cross-format identifiers like DOIs are used, annotations made in one format (eg, EPUB) can be seen in the same document published in other formats (eg, HTML, PDF) and in other locations.

      Whaa..? This sounds seriously hard. But remarkably clever.

  34. Feb 2017
    1. By most contemporary standards the document is an object (physical or electronic) on which information is recorded. It would thus have two dimensions, the medium and the content. But this dual presentation is insufficient: it obscures the social function that lends the documentary function to both medium and contents. A good illustration of this ambiguity can be found in the legal framework for information technology of Quebec.4 Quebec law is interesting in this respect because, it tries to define a document beyond the medium it uses by paying attention to information. We can read in Article 3 of the 2001 law this definition: Information inscribed on a medium constitutes a document. The information is delimited and structured, according to the medium used, by tangible or logical features and is intelligible in the form of words, sounds or images. On the face of it, this passage defines a document only in terms of its medium and of its contents. These contents, moreover, are viewed as independent of the medium. But the appearance is deceptive. On the one hand, it is precisely because the document has a function-that of transmission of evidence-that we need a law to define it. We must, indeed, be sure that the object we are talking about will perform this function in the new digital environment. On the other hand, it is indeed because the content can pass from one medium to another that Quebec has tried to define in law the link between one and the other to ensure that the documentary function is preserved.

      very interesting contemporary legal view of what is a document

  35. Feb 2016
    1. How were human beings created? • Where did they obtain their knowledge, and how did they provide for themselves?

      1) Human beings were created by birth from mother and father.

      2) The father passed on his offspring and that his how they gained knowledge.

    2. What was the source of life? • What were the differences between Earth-mother and Sky-father? • Where did the moon and stars come from?

      1) The animals were taking care of humans that were in need of help.

      2) The difference was day and night. The mother and father both created the light and darkness in the day. Bringing the moon, sun and earth.

      3) The sky-father created the moon and stars for the night time.

    3. How did human beings arrive in the world? • How were animals helpful? • What did twins do to create the world?

      1) The humans fell from heaven and came into the world with animals. 2) Animals cared for the human when she was ill and gave her a place to stay until she was healed. 3) The twins traveled the world to create environments and climates that humans could live in. This lead to mountains, trees, lakes, forest, rivers, etc.

  36. Sep 2015
  37. Feb 2015
    1. There was a point many years ago now when the web looked like it would be for documents. It would be structured and organized, and everything could be linkable.

      ...and I want this Web back...