"I’m going to slip into econ speak. So, apologies here. But, like, they’ve already kind of, like, maximized their utility subject to constraints. And I think that’s broadly true across people. Like, obviously, when you move away from the population studied in criminal justice and look at wealthier people or more advantaged people, you know, their constraints are different. Maybe they’re less, but they’ve already kind of maximized what they can given what they’re facing. And the remaining constraints in the world tend to be, they’re sticky, you know, they’re systemic. They’re things that change slowly over time, or maybe rapidly over time, given, you know, in the rare case of a real kind of moment of social revolution or technological revolution, I guess. But they’re not something that you can just do, like an NGO, can just implement a policy and, like, fix it or something."

Describes fits and afflictions of the children. Reflects the belief that witches could harm others through supernatural means. Their suffering increases suspicion and legitimizes the accusations.

Children accuse her directly. Fear and community pressure turn children into key witnesses, making denial almost impossible.

The children’s fits continue even when she is not near them, suggesting spectral influence.

Describes fits and afflictions of the children. Reflects belief in supernatural influence.

Tituba ends her testimony, emphasizing the subjective nature of spectral evidence. Much of her story is shaped by what she believes will protect her.

Shape-shifting apparitions reflect Puritan ideas of familiars and evil spirits. Suggests how imagination and fear were intertwined.

Burroughs supposedly appeared in spirit and made her sign a book. Demonstrates belief in invisible influence of the accused.

Spectral evidence: some witnesses claim Burroughs is linked to the dead through supernatural phenomena. They said that Burroughs’ dead wives appeared.

for - definition - anthropocene - rejection of the term - it was rejected on dogmatic grounds, not on the evidence provided

Method/evidence: Essayistic argument using experiential and anecdotal evidence (teaching tenure, professional roles, stories).

What this lets the author prove (and what it can’t): It shows practitioner perspective and patterns he’s observed, but not generalized causal proof from empirical studies.

What the example demonstrates: Informal dialect/features can undermine perceived professionalism and lead to lost business.

How I will connect it later: workplace expectations for tone/register (Jenkins) / critique of gatekeeping (Young).

What the example demonstrates: Multilingual students treat SAE as economic access and actively pursue it.

How I will connect it later: access via SAE (Jenkins) to/from identity/voice via code-meshing (Lysicott).

What this shows: Communicative function of Black English for safety/solidarity; opacity to dominant listeners.

How I’ll connect it later: purpose-driven language (Baldwin) / Young’s claim that “It’s ATTITUDES,” not dialect deficits.

What this shows: Specific historical sites (church/community) where Black English coalesced.

How I’ll connect it later: historical formation (Baldwin) / AAVE-as-agency in literature (Heller).

Method/evidence: Historical-cultural reasoning + sociolinguistic examples (France, Basque/Welsh, U.S. slavery/church).

What this shows / can’t show: Explains functional origins and politics of language; not a quantitative study.

What the example demonstrates: Audience/design analysis as part of language-architect work.

How I will connect it later: situational design (Alvarez/Wan/Lee) / Jenkins’s emphasis on audience expectations (contrast in aims).

What the example demonstrates: A concrete technique that surfaces authentic voice before later shaping.

How I will connect it later: practice-level support for translingual composing / Young’s classroom stance on descriptive teaching.

Method/evidence: Scholarly essay + strategy toolkit; blends research framing with concrete classroom practices.

What this lets the authors prove (and what it can’t): Shows actionable pedagogy and rationale; not a quantitative outcomes study.

What the example demonstrates: Journalistic prose mixing formal description with vernacular insertions—live code meshing in print.

How I will connect it later: identity/voice via vernacular (Young) / AAVE-as-agency (Heller).

What the example demonstrates: Public, professional communication already blends registers/abbreviations—evidence of code meshing beyond classrooms.

How I will connect it later: real-world register mixing (Young) / workplace register expectations (Jenkins).

Method/evidence: Essayistic argument using concrete contemporary examples (tweets, journalism, scholarship) to demonstrate widespread practice.

What this lets the author prove (and what it can’t): Shows real-world usage across domains; not a controlled empirical study.

What the example demonstrates: AAVE voice frames incisive social/economic questioning at the story’s climax.

How I will connect it later: AAVE questioning/critique (Heller) / Jenkins’s workplace-norms argument (contrast).

What the example demonstrates: Early lexical cue grounds narrator’s voice in AAVE and signals cultural stance.

How I will connect it later: AAVE as identity marker (Heller) / code-meshing/voice (Lysicott).

Literary linguistic analysis: close reading of phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax, supported by scholarship.

What this lets the author prove (and what it can’t): Demonstrates how form (AAVE features) builds theme/identity; not an empirical workplace or survey study.

Evidence: Group work mixing Bengali/English/Hindi leads to vocabulary growth and creative output (p. 8). Why it matters: Supports the research question about creativity/imagination.

Evidence: Teacher prompts L1 (Santali) first; student produces a complete sentence, then moves into English (p. 8). Why it matters: Concrete example of confidence + transfer (CUP) enabled by translanguaging.

We know that this is a high impact strategy (applying learning helps students get jobs that pay well) and learners say they want it. Yet only a third of us offer it.

for - paper - climate crisis - rebound effect - paper - title - Energy efficiency and economy-wide rebound effects: A review of the evidence and its implications - from - post - LinkedIn - rebound effect - https://hyp.is/yz4m_ldBEfC18Bfg0RPf2w/www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7346027213776953344/

evidence

for - paper - Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention - Centola et al., 2018

has imbedded links, however Rosenberg still references sources within the text.

Uses outside examples, in this case infant say care costs in other areas. Emphasizes the least expensive to show how high costs are generally

Uses imbedded links whenever making factual claims.

1:33:38 When there is new EVIDENCE, we CHANGE OUR MIND

A citizen science research institute.

https://forensic-architecture.org/

C'est une evidence contre le danger perçu du langage SMS

“Analysts need to be able to dissect exactly how the AI reached a particular conclusion or recommendation,” “Neo4j enables us to enforce robust information security by applying access controls at the subgraph level.” Chief Business Officer Eric Costantini.

History is the story of God... It serves as a narrative to describe what God has done.

Inferring based on the creation is secondary circumstantial evidence, the eyewitness account is that of God himself.

for - Climate change impacts - human extinction - don't think so - paleontological evidence shows that humans are a resilient species

Climate change impacts - human extinction - don't think so - paleontological evidence shows that humans are a resilient species - ice ages are really extreme events that humans have survived - Before entering the holocene interglacial period we have been in for the past 10,000 years, the exit from the previous Ice Age took approximately 10,000 years and - there was 400 feet of sea level rise - North America was covered with an Antarctica's equivalence of ice thickness - there was a quarter less vegetation a on the planet - it was dusty and miserable living conditions - There have been dozens of these natural climate oscillations over the past two and a half million years and humans are about 5 to 6 million years old, so have survived all of these - Sometimes in really particularly harsh climate swings,<br /> - speciations of new hominids will appear along with - new tools in the record or - evidence that there's been better control over fire - Humans are resilient and super adaptable - We've lived and adapted to the conditions on all the continents - We will make it through, but modern, industrialized, global society likely won't

Bei einer Hitzewelle in der Antarktis lag die Temperatur 38,5° über dem Durchschnittswert. Dieser enorm hohe Wert schockiert Forschende und ist bisher nicht erklärbar. Der Guardian stellt den Kontext ausführlich dar und hat dazu mehrere Fachleute befragt. Eine neue Publikation spricht von einem regime shift beim antarktischen Sommer-Meereis. Er gefährdet u.a. den Krill und die Kolonien der Kaiserpinguine. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/06/simply-mind-boggling-world-record-temperature-jump-in-antarctic-raises-fears-of-catastrophe

Studie: https://journals.ametsoc.org/configurable/content/journals$002fclim$002f37$002f7$002fJCLI-D-23-0479.1.xml?t:ac=journals%24002fclim%24002f37%24002f7%24002fJCLI-D-23-0479.1.xml

https://www.vaultofculture.com/nst

Given the potential real-world benefits, why have decision makers within governments, aid agencies, multilateral organizations, and NGOs not yet fully harnessed the value of evidence—including from impact evaluations—for better public policies?

20% der Schneemasse auf der Nordhalbkugel bedecken Gebiete, die im Winter meist wärmer sind als 8°. In diesen Gebieten hat die Schneedecke in den letzten Jahrzehnten bereits deutlich abgenommen. Für ihre Zukunft ist jedes Zehntelgrad mehr oder weniger Erhitzung entscheidend. Der Verlust der Schneedecke führt zu Problemen bei der Wasserversorgung etwa der Donau und des Mississippi. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/y-aura-t-il-encore-de-la-neige-en-2050-20240117_UPOQVWROIZEBVDQRD5JBRA4EH4/

Mehr zur selben Studie: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22Evidence%20of%20human%20influence%20on%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20snow%20loss%22

Die Schneedecken sind in einigen Regionen bder Nordhalbkugel wir den Alpen zwischen 1981 und 2020 pro Jahrzehnt um 10 bis 20% zurückgegangen. Eine Studie Leistung zum ersten Mal nach, dass dieser Prozess, auf die anthropogene globale Erhitzung zurückzuführen ist. Der Prozess wird sich fortsetzen und möglicherweise inGegenden, in denen die Flüsse bisher in großem Ausmaß von Schnee gespeist wurden, zu Trockenheit führen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000202524/fehlender-schnee-geht-auf-menschengemachten-klimawandel-zurueck

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06794-y

Bailey provides evidence on Tokyo but doesn't mention other cities that were destroyed.

Good evidence of the impact US subs had on the Japanese merchant marine.

I wonder if this might be too simple of a generalization for Latin American history during this period. I wonder if more recent scholarship addresses this.

This makes it seem like US intentions were purely selfless. If this was the case, couldn't the US have done more to prevent the Nazis from committing genocide or to prevent Japanese atrocities against the Chinese?

"Japanese fanatics" and "American giant" shows Bailey's way of contrasting the 2 countries.

Shows FDR's ability to appeal to Americans to get them to support the war effort.

Good evidence for Bailey's argument.

Aus einer Nature-Studie geht hervor, dass sich die von Menschen bewohnten flutgefährdeten Flächen in den letzten 40 Jahren verdoppelt haben. Mehr als die Hälfte dieser Zunahme fand in China und Vietnam statt. Auch weitere südasiatische Länder spielen für sie eine große Rolle. In reichen Industrieländern ging die Besiedlung von flutgefährdeten Flächen dagegen zurück. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/climate/global-flood-risks.html

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06468-9.epdf?sharing_token=lpLSX0c_H2RI-pKt6iP_i9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0N5PpHI13vjZwm42632-yUOKAmeWVVA09hCWJsOuBg5RtJFsHbrapKlxrvx0359W4uRPwef-npfYwNwSGVyxJ-YlZI11HzNuhfqUjPscjX71YbnF6RwtayHuYSFb5gtw8LBW5Ei0mZFLroD_yNuU52xf2peUhGEIsOyYLmDDX6jpKDD-Ce3ulRLxi6O-57ohGU%3D&tracking_referrer=www.nytimes.com

Some experiments which involve conscious perception of external stimuli with reports/tasks have shown activation of prefrontal areas, but this activation may have been related to the reports/tasks rather than the conscious experiences (not indicative of content-specific NCC). Other experiments which involve conscious perception of external stimuli without reports/tasks showed more posterior activation than anterior activation (indicative of content-specific NCC).

Within-state paradigms comparing conscious individuals to unconscious or minimally conscious individuals have revealed posterior area activity to show the most difference between consciousness and unconsciousness or minimal consciousness (there is a "posterior hot zone" which may be indicative of the NCC).

Compared with case studies (lesions) and electrical stimulation studies, neuroimaging studies are less accurate in determining the exact brain regions that contribute to consciousness. Neuroimaging often covers multiple brain areas, some of which may not be directly involved in modulating content-specific NCC.

bottom-horizontal fMRI images of someone wo experienced anoxic lesions to their posterior corpus callosum, resulting in permanent coma following head trauma.

Sagittal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (feeling of intention to move) following electrical stimulation of the temporoparietal cortex.

Mid-sagittal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (intrusive thoughts) following electrical stimulation of the ACC.

Bottom-horizontal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (inability to perceive faces) following electrical stimulation of the fusiform gyrus.

Many studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the posterior cortex induces discrete changes in the content-specific NCC more reliably than electrical stimulation of the anterior cortex. Hence, most evidence suggests that posterior regions of the brain contribute more to the content-specific NCC than do anterior regions of the brain.

For the most part, electrical and TMS stimulation of the frontal cortex does not elicit content-specific changes in experience. Stimulation of the ACC and MCC (posterior areas), however, does elicit some content-specific changes in experience, suggesting that posterior area stimulation is more likely to excite content-specific NCC than frontal area stimulation.

Several studies have shown that electrical stimulation and EEG activation of posterior cortical areas is effective at restoring consciousness in subjects where it is impaired, demonstrating that the excitability of the full NCC can be modulated through arousal systems.

A technique that detects how water travels along the white matter tracts in the brain.

anatomical images depicting clinical evidence for the full (A, B, C) and content-specific (D, E, F) NCC.

Patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry.

mid-sagittal fMRI image of someone who experienced anoxic lesions to their posterior corpus callosum, resulting in permanent VS following head trauma.

traumatic lesions to the posterior corpus callosum appear to permanently cause states of VS (coma, or impeded consciousness), whereas traumatic lesions to the frontal lobe do not seem to do this.

Behavioral state similar to coma.

Bilateral view of the left and right frontal lobes of someone who experienced extensive prefrontal lobe damage without a noticeable change in consciousness, with certain anatomical regions labeled (top). Lateral view of the left and right hemispheres of that same individual, with certain anatomical regions labeled (bottom).

There are many examples of people who have experienced bilateral lesions to the frontal lobe and still retained most, if not all aspects of consciousness. These instances lend credence to the idea that the anterior cortex may not account for the full NCC. Even when such damage causes deficits in cognition, perception, or executive function, consciousness does not appear to be significantly altered and effected individuals still seem capable of living normal lives.

adj & n. ''Of evidence or proof: derived from the nature or content of that which is being discussed, rather than from external circumstances or considerations."

adj & n. "Arising or acting from without, originating from something outside. external evidence n. evidence derived from circumstances or considerations."

https://pressbooks.pub/illuminated/

A booklet prepared for teachers that introduces key concepts from the Science of Learning (i.e. cognitive neuroscience). The digital booklet is the result of a European project. Its content have been compiled from continuing professional development workshops for teachers and features evidence-based teaching practices that align with our knowledge of the Science of Learning.

u/ittspelledsindi

I'm definitely not the only one to notice this pattern of productivity porn in the bullet journal space.

The modern day culture of the Betsimisaraka which displays both egalitarian and stubborn people who refuse the authority of any overlords is some of the evidence that their culture through pirate stories into Europe were the beginnings of the Enlightenment.

Example of someone getting the crap and worries out so that their writing can begin apace. Its sort of like writers' therapy and closely akin to those who talk about morning pages.

Also similar to teachers of young children who encourage their students to get their "wiggles out" so that they can focus on the classwork at hand.

Sometimes collecting some sorts of data in one's notes (even, and particularly in digital notes) is not a useful practice as one eventually realizes that they remain unsearched and unused.

One thing which may not come under this heading is the difference in what others say versus what you write yourself, especially as it relates to plagiarism.

https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/109r830/who_else_is_pretty_much_avoiding_the_digital_zk/

movie tickets as stores of memory

**Use Page Notes to add annotation guidance.

INSTRUCTIONS - Make 5 new annotations using the prompts below and respond to 3 others. Use text, hashtags, emojis, and G-rated language. Be respectful always.

PROMPTS - Annotate the text for each of the following: 1. Main claim, and why you think so. 2. Evidence that supports the claim and what additional information would make the evidence stronger. 3. Reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim (or if it's missing). 4. Something new or surprising you learned from this paper. 5. What could be the researchers' next experiment?

Skills assertions and the importance of evidence to enhance trust

https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/zl2hwh/is_the_concept_of_personal_knowledge_management/

This essay seems to be more about shiny object syndrome. The writer doesn't seem to realize any problems they've created. Way too much digging into tools and processes. Note the switching and trying out dozens of applications. (Dear god, why??!!) Also looks like a lot of collecting digitally for no clear goal. As a result of this sort of process it appears that many of the usual affordances were completely blocked, unrealized, and thus useless.

No clear goal in mind for anything other than a nebulous being "better".

One goal was to "retain what I read", but nothing was actively used toward this stated goal. Notes can help a little, but one would need mnemonic methods and possibly spaced repetition neither of which was mentioned.

A list of specific building blocks within the methods and expected outcomes would have helped this person (and likely others), but to my knowledge this doesn't exist as a thing yet though bits and pieces are obviously floating around.<br /> TK: building blocks of note taking

Evidence here for what we'll call the "perfect system fallacy", an illness which often goes hand in hand with "shiny object syndrome".

Too many systems bound together will create so much immediate complexity that there isn't any chance for future complexity or emergence as the proximal system is doomed to failure. One should instead strive for immediate and excessive simplicity which might then build with time, use, and practice into something more rich and complex. This idea seems to be either completely missed or lost in the online literature and especially the blogosphere and social media.

people had come up with solutions Sadly, despite thousands of variations on some patterns, people don't seem to be able to settle on either "one solution" or their "own solution" and in trying to do everything all at once they become lost, set adrift, and lose focus on any particular thing they've got as their own goal.

In this particular instance, "retaining what they read" was totally ignored. Worse, they didn't seem to ever review over their notes of what they read.

I was pondering about different note types, fleeting, permanent, different organisational systems, hierarchical, non-hierarchical, you know the deal.

Why worry about all the types of notes?! This is the problem with these multi-various definitions and types. They end up confusing people without giving them clear cut use cases and methods by which to use them. They get lost in definitional overload and aren't connecting the names with actual use cases and affordances.

I often felt lost about what to takes notes on and what not to take notes on.

Why? Most sources seem to have reasonable guidance on this. Make notes on things that interest you, things which surprise you.

They seem to have gotten lost in all the other moving pieces. Perhaps advice on this should come first, again in the middle, and a third time at the end of these processes.

I'm curious how deeply they read sources and which sources they read to come to these conclusions? Did they read a lot of one page blog posts with summarizations or did they read book length works by Ahrens, Forte, Allosso, Scheper, et al? Or did they read all of these and watch lots of crazy videos as well. Doing it "all" will likely lead into the shiny object syndrome as well.

This seems to outline a list of specifically what not to do and how not to approach these systems and "popular" blog posts that are an inch deep and a mile wide rather than some which have more depth.

Worst of all, I spent so much time taking notes and figuring out a personal knowledge management system that I neglected the things I actually wanted to learn about. And even though I kind of always knew this, I kept falling into the same trap.

Definitely a symptom of shiny object syndrome!

via an anecdotal reply from /deltadeep

Many have frequently provided this advice, but they're missing a number of other affordances, one of the key one's being combinatorial creativity, and this often, because they're not consciously aware of it as a concept or a useful affordance or it's potential outcomes.

Historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and surely other researchers must often "read against the grain" which historian Keith Thomas defines as reading a text, not so much for what the author was explicitly trying to directly communicate to the reader, but for the small tidbits that the author through the text "incidentally or unintentionally reveals."

highlight from https://www.reddit.com/user/ManuelRodriguez331/ <br /> https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/zigwo3

Anecdotal evidence of how some might view zettelkasten note-taking practices, particularly when they have no end goal or needs in mind.

Form follows function

/comment/izs0u3b/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

https://emacs.ch/@thees/109474759959223870

Anecdotal evidence of time to usefulness.

I suspect that this example of Eleanor Konik's is incredibly common among note takers. They may have vast repositories of collected material which they can reference or use, but typically don't.

In digital contexts it's probably much more common that one will have a larger commonplace book-style collection of notes (either in folders or with tags), and a smaller subsection of more highly processed notes (a la Luhmann's practice perhaps) which are more tightly worked and interlinked.

To a great extent this mirrors much of my own practice as well.

PMID: 12889668<br /> Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 32172372 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 30858092 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 28971744 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 23026748 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

you may carry on the inquiry for a lifetime without discovering other events inconsistent with the hypothesis which has caught your eye. But you can never get beyond a circumstantial case. . . .<br /> "A Footnote to the Safety-Valve," August 15, 1940, Paxson Papers (University of California Library, Berkeley)

Note, n.d. (probably made during the 1920's), unsorted, Paxson File.

One can easily leave out bits of evidence or cherry pick evidence to arrive at a given a priori conclusion. The truest thinker or historian will use the fullest context of evidence available at the time to arrive at their conclusion.

Naturally, additional evidence and emergent effects as history unfolds may change some of these conclusions over time.

Stat

Fact?

fact

Fact

Stat? Fact?

Testimony? Fact

fact

Stat

stat

Stat

Fact

The knife found on Carey was Stevenson's pocket knife that he had on him

Cubbon, S. (2021, March 17). Fringe communities feed on RT coverage to undermine Covid-19 vaccinations. First Draft. https://firstdraftnews.org:443/articles/rt-fringe-undermine-covid-vaccinations/

McKee, M., Altmann, D., Costello, A., Friston, K., Haque, Z., Khunti, K., Michie, S., Oni, T., Pagel, C., Pillay, D., Reicher, S., Salisbury, H., Scally, G., Yates, K., Bauld, L., Bear, L., Drury, J., Parker, M., Phoenix, A., … West, R. (2022). Open science communication: The first year of the UK’s Independent Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies. Health Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.01.006

McDiarmid, A. D., Tullett, A. M., Whitt, C. M., Vazire, S., Smaldino, P. E., & Stephens, J. E. (2021). Psychologists update their beliefs about effect sizes after replication studies. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(12), 1663–1673. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01220-7

Karan, A. (2022). We cannot afford to repeat these four pandemic mistakes. BMJ, 376, o631. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o631

https://twitter.com/zeynep/status/1478766408691556353

https://www.buzzfeed.com/kristatorres/women-pigtails-tips

Anecdotal evidence that pigtails garner women in the service industry more tips, presumably because of the sexualization of little girls in society.

It would be interesting to do a larger study on this to go along with studies I've seen on restaurant music and giving guests extra mints as ways to nudge tips and experience.

It's nice to have some evidence of progress, but I know very few students who appreciated this sort of grading practice. I know I hated it as a kid, so it's particularly pernicious and almost triggering to see it in print going back to 1908, 1911, and subsequently up to 1931.

These look fascinating, but alas for another day.

Historical Hypermedia: An Alternative History of the Semantic Web and Web 2.0 and Implications for e-Research. .mp3. Berkeley School of Information Regents’ Lecture. UC Berkeley School of Information, 2010. https://archive.org/details/podcast_uc-berkeley-school-informat_historical-hypermedia-an-alte_1000088371512. archive.org.

https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/events/2010/historical-hypermedia-alternative-history-semantic-web-and-web-20-and-implications-e.

https://www.ischool.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/audio/2010-10-20-vandenheuvel_0.mp3

Interface as Thing - book on Paul Otlet (not released, though he said he was working on it)

• W. Boyd Rayward 1994 expert on Otlet
• Otlet on annotation, visualization, of text
• TBL married internet and hypertext (ideas have sex)
• V. Bush As We May Think - crosslinks between microfilms, not in a computer context
• Ted Nelson 1965, hypermedia

t=540

• Michael Buckland book about machine developed by Emanuel Goldberg antecedent to memex
• Emanuel Goldberg and His Knowledge Machine: Information, Invention, and Political Forces (New Directions in Information Management) by Michael Buckland (Libraries Unlimited, (March 31, 2006)
• Otlet and Goldsmith were precursors as well

four figures in his research: - Patrick Gattis - biologist, architect, diagrams of knowledge, metaphorical use of architecture; classification - Paul Otlet, Brussels born - Wilhelm Ostwalt - nobel prize in chemistry - Otto Neurath, philosophher, designer of isotype

Paul Otlet

• wrote bibliography on law
• book: Something on Bibliography #wanttoread
• universal decimal classification system
• mundaneum
• Le Corbusier - architect worked with Otlet for building for Mundaneum; See: https://socks-studio.com/2019/05/05/the-shape-of-knowledge-the-mundaneum-by-paul-otlet-and-henri-la-fontaine/

Otlet was interested in both the physical as well as the intangible aspects of the Mundaneum including as an idea, an institution, method, body of work, building, and as a network.<br /> (#t=1020)

Early iPhone diagram?!?

(roughly) armchair to do the things in the web of life (Nelson quote) (get full quote and source for use) (circa 19:30)

compares Otlet to TBL

Michael Buckland 1991 <s>internet of things</s> coinage - did I hear this correctly? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things lists different coinages

Turns out it was "information as thing"<br /> See: https://hypothes.is/a/kXIjaBaOEe2MEi8Fav6QsA

sugane brierre and otlet<br /> "everything can be in a document"<br /> importance of evidence

The idea of evidence implies a passiveness. For evidence to be useful then, one has to actively do something with it, use it for comparison or analysis with other facts, knowledge, or evidence for it to become useful.

transformation of sound into writing<br /> movement of pieces at will to create a new combination of facts - combinatorial creativity idea here. (circa 27:30 and again at 29:00)<br /> not just efficiency but improvement and purification of humanity

put things on system cards and put them into new orders<br /> breaking things down into smaller pieces, whether books or index cards....

Otlet doesn't use the word interfaces, but makes these with language and annotations that existed at the time. (32:00)

Otlet created diagrams and images to expand his ideas

Otlet used octagonal index cards to create extra edges to connect them together by topic. This created more complex trees of knowledge beyond the four sides of standard index cards. (diagram referenced, but not contained in the lecture)

Otlet is interested in the "materialization of knowledge": how to transfer idea into an object. (How does this related to mnemonic devices for daily use? How does it relate to broader material culture?)

Otlet inspired by work of Herbert Spencer

space an time are forms of thought, I hold myself that they are forms of things. (get full quote and source) from spencer influence of Plato's forms here?

Otlet visualization of information (38:20)

S. R. Ranganathan may have had these ideas about visualization too

atomization of knowledge; atomist approach 19th century examples:S. R. Ranganathan, Wilson, Otlet, Richardson, (atomic notes are NOT new either...) (39:40)

Otlet creates interfaces to the world - time with cyclic representation - space - moving cube along time and space axes as well as levels of detail - comparison to Ted Nelson and zoomable screens even though Ted Nelson didn't have screens, but simulated them in paper - globes

Katie Berner - semantic web; claims that reporting a scholarly result won't be a paper, but a nugget of information that links to other portions of the network of knowledge.<br /> (so not just one's own system, but the global commons system)

Mention of Open Annotation (Consortium) Collaboration:<br /> - Jane Hunter, University of Australia Brisbane & Queensland<br /> - Tim Cole, University of Urbana Champaign<br /> - Herbert Van de Sompel, Los Alamos National Laboratory annotations of various media<br /> see:<br /> - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311366469_The_Open_Annotation_Collaboration_A_Data_Model_to_Support_Sharing_and_Interoperability_of_Scholarly_Annotations - http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/20130205/index.html - http://www.openannotation.org/PhaseIII_Team.html

trust must be put into the system for it to work

coloration of the provenance of links goes back to Otlet (~52:00)

Creativity is the friction of the attention space at the moments when the structural blocks are grinding against one another the hardest. —Randall Collins (1998) The sociology of philosophers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (p.76)