488 Matching Annotations
  1. Dec 2023
    1. two tablespoons of crude oil contain as much free energy as would be expended by an adult male laborer in a day you every time you fill up your gas tank if you still have a gas tank uh 00:59:48 you're putting is you're putting two years of manual labor in that in that gas tank
      • for: fossil fuel energy density - example

      • example : energy density of fossil fuel

        • 2 tablespoons of fossil fuel containsv the energy equivalent of one full day of human
        • one full average gasoline tank is equivalent to 2 years of human labour
    2. it's mainly a problem of providing huge quantities of high power density zero carbon energy
      • for: modernity - high energy density

      • paraphrase

        • high density energy sources of a few thousand watts per square meter are required to operate high energy density infrastructure like transportation vehicles and large buildings that consume the same types of energy density
    1. Whatever one thinks of Sultan Al Jaber, one statement he’s made repeatedly makes perfect sense: “We cannot unplug the world from the current energy system before we build a new energy system.” The focus, then, has to shift.
      • for: quote - Sultan Al Jabber, quote - energy replacement instead of phase out, key point - focus on energy transition instead of just fossil fuel phase out

      • quote

        • Whatever one thinks of Sultan Al Jaber, one statement he’s made repeatedly makes perfect sense: “We cannot unplug the world from the current energy system before we build a new energy system.”
        • The focus, then, has to shift.
          • Instead of focusing on dismantling the incumbent system,
          • we need to focus on accelerating the deployment of the new system that will replace it
      • author: Nafeez Ahmed
      • date : Dec 6, 2023

      • key point

        • we must focus on the energy shift instead of just the phase out or down of the old energy system
  2. Nov 2023
    1. A productive debate about the oil and gas industry in transitions needs to avoid two common misconceptions. The first is that transitions can only be led by changes in demand.
      • for: double bind - oil and gas industry committing to clean energy, oil and gas industry - Mexican standoff - SIMPOL

      • comment

        • The oil and gas industry faces the dilemma of the first mover. Nobody wants to take the risk to commit
        • It's a Mexican standoff but maybe SIMPOL is the solution
      • reference

    2. For producers that choose to diversify and are looking to align with the aims of the Paris Agreement, our bottom-up analysis of cash flows in a 1.5 °C scenario suggests that a reasonable ambition is for 50% of capital expenditures to go towards clean energy projects by 2030, on top of the investment needed to reduce scope 1 and 2 emissions.
      • for: stats - oil and gas industry - required investments in clean energy

      • stats: oil and gas industry - required investments in clean energy

        • 50 % of capital expenditure by 2030 and reduction in scope 1 and 2 emissions
      • comment

        • Wow, is it really possible for the industry to spend 50 % of their budget on clean energy in 7 years? This would be unprecedented, given that greenwashing is all we've ever seen in the past.
    3. Some 30% of the energy consumed in a net zero energy system in 2050 comes from low-emissions fuels and technologies that could benefit from the skills and resources of the oil and gas industry.
      • for: stats - oil and gas industry - repurposing for clean energy

      • stats: oil and gas industry - repurposing for clean energy

        • only 30 % of the energy consumed in a clean energy future within 1.5 Deg C comes from low emission fuels and technologies that benefit from oil and gas industry resources
        • this leaves a huge deficit of 70 %.
      • question

        • How will the transition account for these human and technological resources?
    4. Oil and gas producers account for only 1% of total clean energy investment globally.
      • for: stats - oil and gas industry - clean energy investments

      • comment

        • Inclusive transformation
          • Clearly, transforming the dirty fossil fuel industry into clean energy industry requires migrating as much of those 12 million dirty energy jobs as possible. We can't alienate the fossil fuel industry.
          • the barometer to measure this paradigm shift in fossil fuel industry narrative is their investment into clean energy. Over the years, majors have acted like politicians, promising significant clean energy investment, then backsliding. There is no more time for that.
    1. Roger Hardy erklärt in diesem Artikel über die von ihm in Großbritannien gegründete Organisation Round our Way, dass Arbeiterklassen-Communities von der globalen Erhitzung und ihren Folgen besonders stark betroffen sind und das auch wissen. Nur eine Klimabewegung für "ordinary people" könne das Fundament für einen gesellschaftlichen Konsens über Klimaschutz herstellen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2023/nov/21/working-class-people-climate-crisis-policy

    1. Auf den Öl- und Gasfeldern der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, darunter vielen, die der staatlichen Gesellschaft Adnoc gehören, wurde in den vergangenen 20 Jahren in großem Umfang routinemäßig Gas abgefackelt, was zu hohen Methanemissionen führt. Die Emirate hatten sich verpflichtet, das Abfackeln schnell zu reduzieren. Die dieser Selbstverpflichtung krass widersprechende Praxis gilt bei NGO als weiterer Beleg dafür, dass Selbstverpflichtungen der Fossilindustrie nicht getraut werden kann. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/17/cop28-host-uae-breaking-its-own-ban-on-routine-gas-flaring-data-showsactor

    1. Der Critical Raw Materials Actt wird von Industrie-Lobbies benutzt, um Einschränkungen beim Zugang zu Rohmaterialien abzubauen, und zwar auch dann, wenn es nicht um die Energieversorgung geht. IT-, Rüstungs- und Raumfahrtindustrie versuchen von der Krisensituation bei den neuen Energien zu profitieren. Die Libéation berichtet über einen neuen Report von Lobbying-Warchdogs. Die Liste der kritischen Rohmaterialien wurde bereits von 15 auf 34 Stoffe erweitert. https://www.liberation.fr/international/europe/ue-le-critical-raw-materials-act-un-open-bar-pour-lindustrie-miniere-20231112_HZUR6376QJCZVBM5IGIUR6V2QE/

    1. In einem Brief wollen mehr als 100 britische Energieunternehmen Premierminister Rishi Sunak warnen von der aktuellen Dekarbonisierungspolitik abzugehen. Gerade erst hat ein Gutachten gezeigt, mit welchen Gefahren die zu große Abhängigkeit Großbritanniens von gaslieferungen verbunden ist. Für das net sirocil sind diesen Bericht zufolge 327 Milliarden Pfund Investitionen nötig Punkt bisher haben sich die Regierung aber nur zu gut 22,5 Milliarden Pfund verpflichtet. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/16/top-uk-energy-firms-to-warn-rishi-sunak-dont-back-off-green-agenda

      Net Zero-Bericht von Chris Skidmore: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-net-zero

      Report des Office for Budget Stability: https://obr.uk/frs/fiscal-risks-and-sustainability-july-2023/#:~:text=In%20this%2C%20our%20second%20FRS,on%20the%20UK's%20public%20debt.

    1. Ein Kommentar in der New York Times weist daraufhin, dass einer der Hauptgründe für das für die geringe Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien die veralteten stromübertragungsnetze sind. In den USA scheitert ihre Erneuerung an den Kosten bzw der mangelnden Bereitschaft, für Sie die Allgemeinheit aufkommen zu lassen Punkt der Artikel erwähnt ähnliche Probleme in Deutschland wo Strom von windkraftwerken im Norden mangelsleitungen nicht nach Süddeutschland transportiert werden kann

    1. Die europäischen Produzenten von Windturbinen machen enorme Verluste. Die Hauptgründe sind Kostensteigerungen und logistische Probleme. Hinzu kommen Investitionen für neue, stärkere Modelle und chinesische Konkurrenz. Ein zusätzliches Risiko könnte die Förderung der US-Turbinen-Industrie durch die Biden-Administration darstellen. Die europäischen Produzenten erwarten mehr Unterstützung durch die Regierungen, um Kompetenzen in Europa zu halten.

    1. Der dänische Konzern Ørsted hat zwei große Offshore-Windenergie-Projekte in den USA gestoppt. Ørsted ist der weltweit größte Entwickler von Windenergie-Anlage. Ursache sind Kostensteigerungen. Die Windenergiebranche befindet sich gerade insgesamt in einer Krise, wobe in China sehr schnell zusätzliche Produktionskapazitäten aufgebaut werden. https://taz.de/Erneuerbare-Energien-in-der-Krise/!5967100/

    1. RWE hat seine Klage gegen den niederländischen Staat bei einem Weltbank-Schiedsgericht zurückgezogen. RWE hatte unter Berufung auf den Energiecharta-Vertrag gegen das Verbot der Nutzung von Kohle zur Stromproduktion ab 2030 geklagt. Ausschlaggebend war ein Urteil des Bundesgerichtshofs. Die NGO Powershift soricht von einem "riesigen Erfolg für die Klimabewegung". https://taz.de/RWE-gegen-Niederlande/!5967101/

  3. Oct 2023
    1. Die Europäische Kommission hat am Dienstag einen Aktionsplan zum Ausbau der Windenergie vorgelegt. Trotz schnell gestiegener Investitionen ist die EU weit von den für 2030 angestrebten 37 Gigawatt Leistung durch Windenergie entfernt. Die Vorschläge sind allerdings Waage und beziehen sich zu einem großen Teil auf Beschleunigungen der Verfahren, nicht auf eine bessere Finanzierung.https://taz.de/Ausbauplaene-der-EU/!5965373/

    1. Die Internationale Energieagentur IEA hält eine Begrenzung der globalen Erhitzung aufgrund des schnellen Wachstums bei den erneuerbaren Energien für sehr schwierig, aber noch möglich. In ihrem Jahresbericht kommt sie zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Höhepunkt der Nachfrage nach Kohle, Gas und Öl bis 2030 erreicht werden wird. Die Energiepolitik der wichtigen Staaten ist aber bei der Umstellung auf Erneuerbare bei weitem nicht so ehrgeizig, als es nötig ist. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/grace-aux-energies-bas-carbone-limiter-le-rechauffement-climatique-reste-possible-affirme-lagence-internationale-de-lenergie-20231024_YF7ZJA7WBFACRFIVCBRONJPKAA/

      World Energy Outlook 2023: https://origin.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023

      Mehr zum World Energy Outlook 2023: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22report%3A%20World%20Energy%20Outlook%202023%22

    1. Angesichts der Temperaturrekorde im September fasst Adam Morton im Guardian die Kernaussagen des Net Zero Road-Berichts der IEA zusammen. Die Erhitzung kann danach noch gestoppt werden, wenn die Investitionen in Erneuerbare weiter schnell gesteigert werden und wenn nicht mehr in die Entwicklung fossiler Energien investiert wird. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2023/oct/05/global-heating-weather-temperatures-climate-impact

    1. Einer Studie des Thinktanks Ember zufolge könnten die durch die Stromerzeugung verursachten Treibhausgasemissionen in diesem Jahr ihren Höhepunkt erreichen. Die Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien wachsen so schnell, dass die Verdreifachung der Kapazitäten bis 2030 nicht unrealistisch ist. Sie wird von vielen Experten für eine Voraussetzung gehalten, dass 1,5°-Ziel doch noch zu erreichen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/05/global-carbon-emissions-electricity-peak-thinktank-report

      Ember-Studie: https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/global-electricity-mid-year-insights-2023/

    1. Die OPEC und Russland könnten sich bei einem Treffen am Wochenende in Wien dafür entscheiden, die ölproduktion zu kürzen, um auf die sinkenden Ölpreise zu reagieren. Für den Verfall der Preise sind vor allem Konjunkturerwartungen verantwortlich. Die International Energy Agency hat gerade ihre Prognose für den ölbedarf im laufenden Jahr um 10% nach oben gesetzt. Wegen der europäischen Sanktionen verkauft Russland höhere Mengen Öl an Indien zu ermäßigten Preisen, was sich dort negativ auf den Verkauf arabischen Öls auswirkt. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/02/business/oil-prices-opec-plus.html

    1. when building on unenclosable P2P systems like Holochain, it’s actually possible to have it both ways: clean-energy projects that have the resources for large-scale impact and are not at risk of becoming corrupt in protection of proprietary business interests.
      • for: competitive advantage, competitive advantage - unencloseable carriers in energy systems
      • competitive advantage: unencloseable carriers
        • when building on unenclosable P2P systems like Holochain,
        • it’s actually possible to have it both ways:
          • clean-energy projects that have the resources for large-scale impact and
          • are not at risk of becoming corrupt in protection of proprietary business interests.
  4. Sep 2023
    1. Spending too much energy on analytically deciding whether the content is worth keeping takes away your energy for being creative. When you spend all your energy on that decision, you have less energy left for valuable steps like making connections, imagining possibilities, formulating theories, and creating new ideas.
    1. Another concern is that these emerging economies could be simply trapping themselves in more debt with these agreements.
      • for: debt trap, economic colonialism, progress trap, JETP, UETP, Invesitgate, investigate - JETP
      • progress trap
        • in building out renewable infrastructure, these loans and grants may further increase debt to disenfranchised countries
        • then it is no longer Just energy transition but becomes Unjust Energy Transition Partnerships (UETP)
        • if not done right, JETP can turn into UETP
        • This definitely requires further investigation!
      • investigate
        • whether JETP are REALLY JUST!
    2. he agreements aren’t perfect. For example, they may not rule out oil and gas as bridging fuels between coal and renewables
      • for: bridging fuels, energy transitions
      • comment
        • fossil fuel bridging fuels can be very problematic
          • the carbon budget is shrinking fast
          • instead of rich nations and peoples transferring the remaining carbon budget to those in need of development, it is simply being wasted on high carbon lifestyles of the rich and famous and to a lesser degree, the middle class
          • we are making a tradeoff between high carbon lifestyle choices and transferring that carbon to those in developmental need
          • this is where the "bridging fossil fuels" come into play, to compensate for the high carbon life style
          • If the transfer from the elites to the energy disenfranchised actually happened, perhaps we would not even need those bridging fossil fuels!
    3. Ramalope says they also don’t go far enough. “I think the weakness of JETPs is that they’re not encouraging 1.5 [degrees] Celsius,”
      • for: 1.5 Deg target, JETP, JETP ambitions
      • comment
        • the JETPs do not go far enough. This is dangerous as it still allows significant amounts of fossil fuel emissions that will breach 1.5 Deg C and increase chances of breaching severe planetary tipping points
    4. Just Energy Transition Partnerships, or JETPs, an attempt to catalyze global finance for emerging economies looking to shift energy reliance away from fossil fuels in a way that doesn’t leave certain people and communities behind.
      • for: Just transition, Just Energy Transition, Just Energy Transition partnerships, JETP
      • Question

        • How does JETP fit into the global transition in terms of:

          • speed
          • climate justice
          • decolonialism
        • Is net zero enough?

  5. Aug 2023
    1. According to the International   Hydropower Association, or IHA, a  facility with two reservoirs roughly   the size of two Olympic swimming pools, and  a 500-metre height difference between them,   would have an energy capacity of about three and  a half megawatt hours. And they last for decades,
      • for: pumped hydro storage capacity, pumped hydro, PSH
      • paraphrase
        • According to the International Hydropower Association, or IHA,
          • a facility with:
            • two reservoirs roughly the size of two Olympic swimming pools,
            • a 500-metre height difference between them,
          • would have
            • an energy capacity of about three and a half megawatt hours and
            • they last for decades,
    1. Standard-Artikel über die Schwierigkeiten, in Österreich Großprojekte zur Energiewende administrativ und gegen den Widerstand lokaler Initiativen durchzusetzen. Die drei ausgewählten Beispiele zeigen, dass die Probleme und die Motive für den Widerstand sehr unterschiedlich sind. Die EU will mit dem Net Zero Industry Act die Zeit bis zur Umsetzung von Projekten auf maximal anderthalb Jahre verkürzen. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000182417/ueberforderte-behoerden-und-protestierende-buerger-bremsen-die-energiewende-aus

    1. We might view human social organization in general in this lens: social organization exists to maximize the extraction of energy from the environment to the group and individual (X), and the efficiency of the conversion of extracted energy into offspring (E). This is identical to the claim that social organization exists to maximize the fitness of the group (Wilson and Sober 1994) and/or the individuals which compose the group (Nowak et al. 2010), given an energetic definition of fitness.
      • for: social organization - evolutionary purpose,
      • paraphrase
        • human social organization exists to maximize
          • the extraction of energy from the environment to the group and individual (X), and
          • the efficiency of the conversion of extracted energy into offspring (E). -This is identical to the claim that
          • social organization exists to maximize the fitness of the group (Wilson and Sober 1994) and/or the individuals which compose the group (Nowak et al. 2010),
        • given an energetic definition of fitness.
    2. Ricklefs and Wikelski 2002)]. In this context, Pianka (1970) argued that, “…natural selection will usually act to maximize the amounts of matter and energy gathered per unit time.” Brown et al. (1993) likewise offered an energetic definition in which fitness is “reproductive power, or the rate of conversion of energy into offspring.” This reproductive power was taken to be a function of both the rate of assimilation of energy from the environment and the rate of conversion of energy to offspring (but see (Kozlowski 1996)).
      • for: energy offspring, natural selection energy
      • paraphrase
        • Pianka (1970) argued that, “…natural selection will usually act to maximize the amounts of matter and energy gathered per unit time.”
        • Brown et al. (1993) likewise offered an energetic definition in which fitness is “reproductive power, or the rate of conversion of energy into offspring.”
        • This reproductive power was taken to be a function of both
          • the rate of assimilation of energy from the environment and
          • the rate of conversion of energy to offspring (but see (Kozlowski 1996)).
    3. Thus, we seek to build a conceptual evolutionary model of the human socio-ecological system that is consistent with these insights from agricultural systems but is more evolutionary and more general and incorporates extra-somatic energy, defined as energy that is used by humans but not used in direct human metabolism (Price 1995).
      • definition
        • extra-somatic energy
          • energy that is used by humans but not used in direct human metabolism
    1. Der Guardian hat Fachleute zu Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) befragt. Die britische Regierung legitimiert neue Öl- und Gasbohrlizenzen mit gleichzeitigen CCS-Projekten. Einige Experten sind nach ersten Erfahrungen sehr skeptisch, was die grundsätzliche Realisierbarkeit von CCS an vielen Stellen der Erde angeht. CCS werde vor allem zur Dekarbonisierung von Industrien gebraucht werden, die bisher nicht CO<sub>2</sub>-frei betrieben werden können, es sei aber keine Rechtfertigung für neue fossile Entwicklungsprojekte. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/01/is-carbon-capture-and-storage-really-a-silver-bullet-for-the-climate-crisis

    1. fertiliser, the challenge is more real, but there is still an important and obvious first step – eat less meat. A large part of the world’s agricultural system is dedicated to growing crops and vegetables to feed animals, which we then eat. Reduce the last part of this equation (i.e. eat less meat), and the huge inefficiencies in the system mean far less fertiliser is required.
      • for: energy diet, energy fast, degrowth, agriculture emissions, food system emissions
  6. Jul 2023
    1. Erneruerbare Energien wachsen weltweit deutlich schneller als von vielen erwartet. Ein neuer Bericht der Internatiionale Energiebehörde IEA stellt fest, dass die Erzeugungskapazität inzwischen bei 340 Gigawatt liegt. 2022 wurden 1.600Millionen Dollar in Erneuerbare investiert. Der Marktanteil von Elektroautos stieg auf 15%. berichte von anderen Institutionen bestätigen diese Trends. https://taz.de/Klimaneutralitaet-2050-technisch-moeglich/!5948817/

      IEA-Bericht: https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023

      Bericht des Rocky Montains Institute zur Energiewende: https://rmi.org/insight/x-change-electricity/

      Studie des World Resources Institute zu den 8 Ländern mit dem schnellsten Wachstum von Erneuerbaren: https://www.wri.org/insights/countries-scaling-renewable-energy-fastest

    1. Die EU hat eine Liste von 34 Rohstoffen formuliert, die von kritischer Bedeutung für die Industrie sind, vor allem für die Energiewende. Ab 2030 soll keiner dieser Rohstoffe zu mehr als 65% aus demselben Land stammen. Einige dieser Rohstoffe stammen im Augenblick zu einem wesentlich höheren Teil aus China. Grund für die Verlagerung sind die niedrigen Kosten für die Förderung bzw die Verarbeitung https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000179305/warum-kritische-rohstoffe-trotz-europaeischen-potenzials-anderswo-abgebaut-werden

    1. Professor Büchs said
      • quote
        • "Policymakers need to win public support for energy demand reduction mechanisms. -The reality is decarbonisation on the supply side, where energy is generated and distributed, will not be enough to deliver the emission reductions that are needed. -So, energy demand will have to be reduced. That is the inescapable reality."
      • Author
        • Milena Buchs
      • Experts on the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate that
        • reducing energy demand could produce between 40% and 70% of the emissions reductions that need to be found by 2050.

      "Our research is indicating that public support for energy demand reduction is possible if the public see the schemes as being fair and deliver climate justice."

    2. One option is to cap the top 20% of energy users while allowing those people who use little energy and have poverty-level incomes to be able to increase their consumption levels and improve their quality of life.
      • One energy demand reduction strategy
        • Cap the top 20% of energy users
        • while allowing those people
          • who use little energy and
          • have poverty-level incomes
        • to be able to
          • increase their consumption levels and
          • improve their quality of life.
    3. Cap top 20% of energy users to reduce carbon emissions
      • Title
        • Cap top 20% of energy users to reduce carbon emissions
      • Publication

      • Summary -Consumers in the richer, developed nations will have to accept restrictions on their energy use

        • if international climate change targets are to be met, warn researchers.
        • The big challenge is to identify the fairest and most equitable way
        • that governments can curtail energy use,
          • a process known as energy demand reduction. -The research team analyzed several scenarios to identify a potential solution.
    1. Der Kommentar des Guadian gibt einen Überblick über die Ergebnisse des Green Deal in Europa sowie über die wachsende Opposition dagegen. Angesichts der ökonomischen Vorteile der Energiewende drohen vor allem anderen Komponenten des Green Deal an dieser Opposition zu scheitern, etwa die Renaturierung.

      https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jul/12/progress-climate-european-greenlash-populist-right

  7. Jun 2023
    1. Die britische Energy Transition Commission hat errechnet, dass jährlich 130 Milliarden Dollar nötig sind, um die Abholzung der am meisten bedrohten Regenwälder wirksam zu stoppen - zusätzlich zu wirksamen Verboten. Zur Zeit werden aber nur 2-3 Milliarden Dollar dazu ausgegeben. Das Geld ist vor allem für wirtschaftliche Alternativen nötig und konkrete z.T durch CO2-Steuern aufgebracht werden. Auf Dauer würde ein wirksamer Waldschutz, der nötig ist, um die Erhitzung der Erde zu stoppen, eher eine Billion Dollar erfordern. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/apr/19/dont-fool-yourself-billions-more-needed-to-protect-tropical-forests-warns-new-report-aoe

    1. Im ersten Jahr nach der Invasion der Ukraine im Februar 2022 hat Großbritannien für 19,3 Milliarden Pfund Öl und Gas aus anderen autoritären Petrostaaten als Russland bezogen. Eine Analyse von Desmog ergibt, dass Großbritannien in diesem Jahr für 125,7 Milliarden Pfund fossile Brennstoffe importiert und damit zum ersten Mal die 100-Milliarden-Grenze überschritten hat, obwohl eine Reduktion des Verbrauchs von Öl und Gas dringend nötig ist. Trotz des Embargos verkaufte auch Russland eine Rekordmenge an Öl in diesem Jahr. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/09/193bn-of-fossil-fuels-imported-by-uk-from-authoritarian-states-in-year-since-ukraine-war

    1. Der deutsche Wirtschaftsminister Habeck plant, den Umstieg deutscher Industriebetriebe auf erneuerbare Energien zu fördern, damit diese dadurch keine Mehrkosten haben. Ulrike Herrmann beurteilt diesen Plan in der Pfalz positiv, schränkt aber ein Komma dass Angaben über die gesamtstrommenge, die erneuerbar produziert werden kann, fehlen. In Deutschland können nicht genug Strom für Industrie Heizung und Verkehr zusammen produziert werden. Er müsste deswegen entweder z.b über ammoniak-porte aus Namibia eingeführt werden oder – ein Verstoß gegen Tabus der Industriepolitik – energieintensive Industrien müssten in Länder mit mehr sonnen und Windenergie ausgelagert werden. https://taz.de/Klimasubventionen-fuer-Unternehmen/!5936015/

  8. May 2023
    1. Der Inflation Reduction Act hat in den USA deutlich mehr Investitionen in Erneuerbare und in Elektromobilität ausgelöst als vorausgesehen. Einer der Architekten des Gesetzes, das u.a. Investionen in bisher von fossilen Energien abhängien Gebieten fördert, zieht in der New York Times eine frühe Erfolgsbilanz. Er weist aber auch auf fehlende Regelungen bei der Infrastrukturplanung, Investionsanreizen und Abkommen mit Partnerländern hin. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/30/opinion/climate-clean-energy-investment.html

    1. Die taz analysiert ausführlich den letzten Ember-Bericht über den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien an der Stromproduktion. Insgesamt wächst dieser Anteil sehr schnell. Allerdings steigt der Verbrauch fossiler Energien wegen des wachsenden Strombedarfs weltweit trotzdem. In Bezug auf einzelne Länder zeigt die Analyse, dass unter ganz unterschiedlichen Bedingungen eine Energiewende möglich ist, wenn sie politisch gewollt ist .https://taz.de/Globale-Energiewende/!5935675/

    1. Österreich konnte demnach seine Abhängigkeit zwar verringern, liege aber noch immer weit über dem EU-Durchschnitt. Positiv hob die EU-Kommission hervor, dass der Anteil des russischen Gases in Österreich an den gesamten Importen 2022 rund 57 Prozent betrug - waren es im Jahr davor noch 80 Prozent

      Die EU-Kommission hat gemengelt, dass Österreich keinen klaren Plan hat, um sich von russischem Erdgasunabhängig zu machen. Unter anderem wird Österreich aufgefordert, schneller auf erneuerbare Energien umzusteigen.

    1. Der jährliche Energiebedarf für Bitcoin ist zur Zeit etwa doppelt so hoch wie der österreichische Stromverbrauch. Der Artikel im Standard führt (unkritisch) gleich eine ganze Reihe der manipulativen Argumentationen auf, die von den Crypto Bros verwendet werden, um diese tatsache zu verstecken oder zu rechtfertigen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000146147512/der-klimasuender-bitcoin-in-zahlen-und-wie-er-dieses-image

      Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI): https://ccaf.io/cbnsi/cbeci

  9. Apr 2023
    1. Bericht von Bloomberg Green über grüne Investitionen von Venture-Kapitalisten. Im Vordergrund stehen - oft mit öffentlicher Beteiligung - nicht mehr die schon eingeführten Technologien zur Energieerzeugung sondern Elektrifizierung neuer Bereiche und auch das Speichern von CO2. 2022 würden ca. 70 Milliarden USD venture Capital und insgesamt 652 Milliarden in Climate Tech investiert. Der International Renewable Energy Agency zufolge müssen sich die Investitionen jährlich vervierfachen. https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2023-climate-tech-startups-where-to-invest/?srnd=green&leadSource=uverify%20wall

    1. "The transition to renewable energy, it is based on a longstanding ideology. And the longstanding ideology is that human ingenuity can solve our problems." Lisi Krall explains the downsides of renenwable energy, arguing that it isn't the answer to our problems.

      Where there is a problem to be solved, there is a focus of attention Where there is a focus of attention, there is simplification of a complex system Where there is simplification of a complex system, there is a vast amount of knowledge relationships that is ignored Where this is a vast amount of ignored knowledge relationships, there is the potential for a progress trap

      The systemic problem is the way our form of progress formulates problems and the inherent (over) simplification that comes with.that.

    1. Informationsreicher Artikel des Guardian über eine neue Anlage von #ExxonMobil zum chemischen Recycling von Plastik im texanischen Baytown-Komplex. Viele Basis-Informationen zu dieser umweltschädlichen Technik und ihrer Verwendung durch die Ölindustrie, um von der wachsenden Produktion von Single Use-Plastik abzulenken. Anlagen zum chemischen Recycling werden vor allem in räumlicher Nähe von Communities, die bereits extrem und der Verschmutzung durch Plastik und Abgase leiden Chemisches Recycling gehört auch zu den Geschäftsfeldern der #OMV-Tochter #Borealis. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/apr/10/exxon-advanced-recycling-plastic-environment

  10. Mar 2023
    1. Title: Unintended Consequences: Unknowable and Unavoidable, or Knowable and Unforgivable?

      Abstract - Paraphrase - there are multiple environmental limits within which humanity can safely operate, - potential negative outcomes of seemingly positive actions need to accounted for. - “nexus” research is consistent with the above - it recognizes the integrated and interactive nature of water, energy and food systems, - and aims to understand the broader implications of developments in any one of these systems. - This article presents a novel framework for categorizing such detrimental unintended consequences, based upon: - how much is known about the system in question - and the scope for avoiding any such unintended consequences. - The framework comprises four categories: - Knowable and Avoidable - Knowable and Unavoidable - Unknowable and Avoidable - Unknowable and Unavoidable - The categories are explored with reference to examples in both: - the water-energy-food nexus and - planetary boundary frameworks. - The examples: - highlight the potential for the unexpected to happen and - explore dynamic nature of the situations that give rise to the unexpected. - The article concludes with guidance on how the framework can be used - to increase confidence that best efforts have been made to navigate our way toward - secure and sustainable water, energy and food systems, - avoiding and/or managing unintended consequences along the way.

      // - This paper is principally about - progress traps, - how they emerge, - their characteristics - as they morph through the knowability / avoidability matrix - and how we might predict and mitigate them in the future

    2. This example illustrates the potential for an unintended consequence to move between categories and demonstrates that there are times when it is necessary to review and reflect. What is considered known and knowable changes over time: has the state of knowledge developed or an unintended consequence been identified?

      // - This is the critical question - Looking at history, can we see predictive patterns - when it makes sense to stop and take questions of the unknown seriously - rather than steaming ahead into uncharted territory? - We might find that society did not follow science's call - for applying the precautionary principle - because profits were just too great - the profit bias at play - profit overrides safety, health and wellbeing

  11. Feb 2023
    1. Water-Food-Energy Nexus in Global Cities: Addressing Complex Urban Interdependencies
      • Title = Water-Food-Energy Nexus i
      • n Global Cities:
      • Addressing Complex Urban Interdependencies

      • Abstract

        • Understanding how water, food, and energy interact in the form of the water-food-energy (WFE) nexus is essential for sustainable development which advocates enhancing human well-being and poverty reduction.

        • The application of the WFE nexus has seen diverse approaches to its implementation in cities across the globe.

        • There is a need to share knowledge in order to improve urban information exchange which focuses on the WFE nexus’ application and impacts on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals.
        • In this study,
          • Natural Language Processing (NLP) and
          • Affinity Propagation Algorithm (APA)
        • are employed to explore and assess the application of the WFE nexus:
          • first on a regional basis
          • second on the city level
        • The results show that after the exhaustive search of a database containing:
          • 32,736 case studies focusing on
          • 2,233 cities,
        • African and Latin American cities:
        • have the most potential to encounter resource shortages (i.e., WFE limitation)
          • are systematically underrepresented in literature
          • Southern hemisphere cities can benefit from knowledge transfer because of their limited urban intelligence programmes.
        • Hence, with regional and topic bias,
        • there is a potential for more mutual learning links
        • between cities that can increase WFE nexus policy exchange
        • between the Northern and Southern hemispheres
        • through the bottom-up case-study knowledge.
    1. Among the most deplorable habits of greenwashers is the procurement of unbundled Renewable Energy Credits (RECs). In places like Texas, favorable economics encourage renewable energy deployment, but neither the state energy office nor the grid operator particularly care if the generated electrons are renewable or not. As a result, RECs from these projects are sold separately to offtakers looking to burnish their green credentials.

      This is presumably because there is no RPS for this, and the generation is commercially viable anyway?

  12. Jan 2023
    1. But that’s just one way to get batteries into low-income customers’ homes. Sunrun also acts as a third-party owner of solar and battery systems that Grid Alternatives installs for customers that can’t or don’t want to borrow money to finance it. Third-party owners can monetize the value of federal tax credits for low-income households that don’t pay a large enough federal tax bill to take advantage of the credits themselves. 

      This feels like the project partner thing from before - income households can't access the support themselves, so you need an intermediary to arrange someone with a tax bill to recude, and presumably take a cut in the process.

    2. Participants will get zero-interest loans to finance the equipment and installation costs, plus monthly credits in exchange for allowing MCE to tap that equipment to reduce its need to buy high-priced energy during the peak hours of 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. The program is open to households that currently lack rooftop solar as well as households that have already had solar installed by Grid Alternatives and want to take advantage of that self-generated power to heat their homes or charge their cars, said Alexandra McGee, MCE’s manager of strategic initiatives.

      If it's cheaper to deploy batteries in low income communities than build peakers, then the flipside is that they have to accept less reliable power. At this way communities are compensated, though I guess?

    1. Expansion is led by focus. By taking time to edit, carve up, and refactor our notes, we put focus on ideas. This starts the Great Wheel of Positive Feedback. All hail to the Great Wheel of Positive Feedback.

      How can we better thing of card indexes as positive feedback mechanisms? Will describes it as the "Great Wheel of Positive Feedback" which reminds me a bit of flywheels for storing energy for later use.

    1. The latest electricity demand, generation, capacity and CO2 data for as many countries and regions as possible, available freely and easily to help others speed up the electricity transition.

      (Global) Electricity Data Explorer

  13. Dec 2022
    1. Ca 4% des Ökostroms in Deutschland gehen im Augenblick verloren, weil die Netzinfrastruktur unzureichend ist. Am stärksten betroffen ist offshore-Windkraft. Drei Viertel der fehlenden Kapazitäten entfallen auf die Übertragungs-, ein Viertel auf die Verteilungsnetze. Produktionsverzicht und überflüssige Produktion führen zu Kosten von fast anderthalb Milliarden Euro im Quartal.

    1. how would the energy systems be different in the new system under your Maslow hierarchy framing? 00:43:15 Simon Michaux: I've been giving some thought about what energy actually is and how does it serve us. At the moment, energy is used for transport a lot. So our energy systems will have to empower transport somehow differently. And so this is the whole electric vehicles and buses. So I think the electric system will happen, but at least substantially smaller. 00:43:42 Excuse me. So for example, we would see more buses, more communal transport, and less individual cars. We might have the idea of car sharing where instead of owning a car, we might book a car in. This is the idea of the self-driving car. That might happen in a small scale. It won't be enough to replace our existing systems. 00:44:05 So the form of energy comes when it comes. It will be different to what we have now. And everything around it, including our technology, will have to evolve. And part of that I can see for example, instead of one big giant seamless power grid that delivers sinusoidally pure power all the time, and our electronics cannot cope with anything else, I can see a situation where we will evolve an engineering electronics that can 00:44:29 cope with variable power. So if a power grid goes up or down, if we get power blackouts, it doesn't cook the electronics. So instead of seamless, we now have a non-linear production of power and its outcomes. So that means- Nate Hagens: There would be no demand for such a product now. Simon Michaux: No, no. Because no one thinks it's necessary. So if instead of one big grid, we had lots of micro grids that are connected together. 00:44:54 And they sometimes transfer power between them. And sometimes when things get difficult, they could shut down one or all of them without actually damaging themselves and they could start up at any time. And each of those micro power grids will be around an industrial activity of value. For example, a power grid will be around a hospital. And that hospital will then also be surrounded by a community of people who operate that 00:45:18 hospital. And the food systems for that hospital, but all comes off that one power grid. It's reason to be is that hospital. And we might attach schools to it, that sort of thing. And so our energy will be organized very differently. And so it may well be things like solar panels, wind turbines. But we should also consider unconventional stuff, like some of the really weird ones, like the kinetic kites are an unusual energy system. 00:45:43 I don't know if they're viable in the current environment. But if things get more difficult, we might try such things. All unconventional and unorthodox ideas must be looked at and taken seriously, and the alternative is we go without. That's how I sort of see energy going.

      !- Futures Thinking : Maslow's Hierarchy framing of Energy - substantially lower energy than currently available - many autonomous, mesh-networked micro-grids around which appropriate human functions will be simultaneously served by

    2. But 80% of the sector is already off fossil fuels. Our entire transport sector is fossil fuels. And that's actually the main challenge. But we've got a lot of heavy industry here like smelters and factories, and they're all 00:03:52 running on non fossils fuel energy. And so we can actually run an industrial sector without fossil fuels right now, which is amazing.

      Finland renewable energy stats: 80% is renewable transport sector is still dependent on fossil fuels heavy industry such as smelters and factories all run on renewables

    3. today what I'd like to do, if you're willing, is start to construct a framework for how we start to prepare for what's ahead. What is the hard work that's going to make need to be done? And what are the buckets that people and governments need to focus on?

      !- objective : interview - direction we must move in if we are not to be energy and mineral blind

    1. In Deutschland scheitert der Ausbau der Windkraft nach wie vor an Vorschriften und an mangelndem Engagement von Landes-, aber auch Bundesbehörden. Die taz dokumentiert die aktuelle Lage ausführlich, unter anderem mit einer interaktiven Karte, die zeigt, wo Windkraftanlagen möglich wären. Sie hat dazu Claudia Kemfert und Thorsten Lenk von Agora Energiewende befragt.

  14. Nov 2022
    1. Der österreichische Energieverbrauch beträgt zirka 404 TWh (1 Terawattstunde = 1012 Wattstunden) und steigt jährlich um mehr als 2 %. Etwa 25 % davon stammen aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen. Eine grobe Betrachtung zeigt, dass etwa je ein Drittel des Energieverbrauchs auf Verkehr, Industrie und andere Verbraucher entfällt. Ein Anteil von etwa 60 TWh wird in der Form von elektrischer Energie verbraucht. Durch die günstigen natürlichen Gegebenheiten in Österreich können etwa 60 % davon aus Wasserkraft gewonnen werden. Auf Grund des stetig steigenden Verbrauchs und in geringerem Ausmaß wegen der Liberalisierung der Strommärkte erzeugt Österreich seit dem Ende der 90-er Jahre auch bei der Elektrizität nicht mehr selbst seinen Eigenbedarf. Im europäischen Vergleich hat Österreich - vor allem auf Grund der Wasserkraft - einen hohen Anteil an erneuerbarer Energie. In Europa erfolgt die Stromgewinnung zu etwa 85 % aus fossilen Rohstoffen sowie Kernenergie und zu 15 % aus erneuerbaren Quellen. Es ist also derzeit in allen Bereichen eine überwiegende Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern gegeben.
    1. Bei seinem Besuch in Amerika wird Emmanuel macron vor allem über die Konsequenzen des Inflation reduction act für die europäische Wirtschaft sprechen. Die US-Regierung wird den Übergang zu sauberen Energien so subventionieren, dass die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette in den USA bleibt. Macron behandelt das einerseits als ein unfreundlichen Akt und setzt sich andererseits für entsprechende Subventionen in Europa ein. Der Artikel in der Libération erwähnt auch die geopolitische Dimension dieses interessenkonflikts, weil Europa auf das amerikanische Engagement für die Ukraine angewiesen ist

    1. The novelist and screenwriter Raymond Chandler said he avoided reading books written by someone who didn’t “take the pains” to write out the words. (It used to be common for writers to dictate into a recorder then have an assistant transcribe those words.) “You have to have that mechanical resistance,” Chandler wrote in a 1949 letter to actor/writer Alex Barris. “When you have to use your energy to put those words down, you are more apt to make them count.”
  15. Oct 2022
  16. Sep 2022
    1. Dit gaat waarschijnlijk gelden voor een gemiddeld verbruik tot 1.200 kubieke meter gas en 2.400 kilowattuur stroom. Voor al het verbruik boven deze grenzen betaal je de hogere marktprijs. Het kabinet schat dat huishoudens hierdoor 190 euro korting per maand krijgen.

      Hoe is dit berekend? Ik zit op een gemiddeld verbruik qua gas, en kennelijk 1000 kWh bovengemiddeld qua stroom (gem 2400kWh) / jr. Maar ik betaal, ondanks flexibel contract, niet zoveel dat 190 korting per maand zelfs maar mogelijk is. Er is 100 in de maand bijgekomen in de loop van het jaar. Zijn de verschillen zo groot tussen leveranciers dan? (Wellicht die tussenhandelaren die geen eigen productie hebben? Altijd een een leverancier kiezen die zelf productie heeft zou ik zeggen). Of zijn de bedragen het gemiddelde bespaarde tijdens het stookseizoen en de verbruiksgetallen op jaarbasis?

    1. Renewable energy critics argue that wind and solar are not reliable sources because of their variability. Others argue that wind farms encroach on pristine environment and destroy a country’s natural habitat, as is the case with the installation of thousands of wind turbines on scores of Greek islands in the Aegean Sea. How would you respond to such concerns, and are there ways around them?
    1. here are those same numbers compared 00:41:21 against reported global reserves so there's the amount of metal we need and there is the global reserves this column is the proportion of metals required to 00:41:33 phase out fossil fuels as a percentage that is of all the copper we need to make one generation of units current global reserves will get us 19.23 00:41:45 of the way there we don't have enough copper for one generation

      !- for : metals for energy transition - only have 19% of metals required for the first generation of phase out

    2. we used to have 500 years ago a small human system a big pile of natural resources and a small pollution plume 00:46:47 an industrial ecosystem of unprecedented size and complexity that took more than a century to build with support of the highest calorifically dense source of cheap energy the world has ever known that would be oil 00:46:59 in abundant quantities with easily available credit and unlimited mineral resources and now we've got a system that's a human system that's really large 00:47:10 a depleted natural resources [Music] portfolio compared to what we had but we've now got a massive pollution stream so now we seek to build an even more complex system with very expensive 00:47:24 energy a fragile finance system saturated in debt not enough minerals with an unprecedented number of human population embedded in a deteriorating environment 00:47:35 so at this point i'm going to say this is probably not going to go as planned

      !- key finding : green growth is not likely to be feasible - Simple diagram that illustrates the problem

    3. it also is summed together so everything we need is summed together per metal and that gives us this column here total metal required to produce one generation of technology units to phase 00:40:15 out fossil fuels and so that the that we've got these numbers here the next column is global metal production as it was from mining in 2019 00:40:28 so this is all from the usgs and the bgo the final column is how many years of production at the 2019 rate um would be needed to hit the actual 00:40:42 volumes needed so 2019's the last year before covert is the last year of stable data that's why i've used it so you might notice some of these numbers are rather large 00:40:55 like we will need seven thousand one hundred and one years of production to produce the needed number of volume of vanadium that's your uh your redox batteries

      !- for : metals for energy transition - unfeasible numbers

    4. if we want to deliver a thousand terawatt hours a year using these systems you could use 142 00:29:07 coal-fired power stations or 30 000 solar pv arrays or 12 309 wind turbine arrays of average size 00:29:18 where each array is like 10 win windows this is this is where we're getting the extra numbers from so each of these sites will have to be built and constructed and maintained and then when they wear out they need to 00:29:30 be decommissioned so renewables have a much lower energy return on energy invested ratio than fossil fuels and they and the the truth is they may not be strong enough to power the next industrial era 00:29:45 so gas and hydro power generation has to balance with demand supply and demand has to balance otherwise the grid will age

      !- for : EROI, energy density - lower energy density = more plants

    5. let's put the electrical power systems together these electrical power 00:22:29 systems that this is actually on the low side because most industrial action happens with the consumption of coal and gas on site and then it's converted to energy on site this is what's just been drawn off the power grid 00:22:42 so there's a vast amount of energy associated with manufacturing that is not included here and that is actually a huge piece of work to include that so these numbers i'm showing you are very much on the low side 00:22:55 so we're going to put it all together we need 36 000 terawatt hours all there abouts that's a that's a very low estimate

      !- key insight : minimum power of energy transition, excluding the large amount of energy for industrial processes ! - for : energy transition, degrowth, green growth

  17. Aug 2022
    1. Results indicate that participants were more likely to interact with their smartphone the more fatigued or bored they were, but that they did not use it for longer when more fatigued or bored. Surprisingly, participants reported increased fatigue and boredom after having used the smartphone (more). While future research is necessary, our results (i) provide real-life evidence for the notion that fatigue and boredom are temporally associated with task disengagement, and (ii) suggest that taking a short break with the smartphone may have phenomenological costs.

      We grab our phones when tired or bored at work. But it seems to make us more tired and more bored. Does the same apply for internetbrowsing before mobile?

  18. Jul 2022
    1. The energy sector contains a large number of long‐lived and capital‐intensive assets. Urban infrastructure, pipelines, refineries, coal‐fired power plants, heavy industrial facilities, buildings and large hydro power plants can have technical and economic lifetimes of well over 50 years. If today’s energy infrastructure was to be operated until the end of the typical lifetime in a manner similar to the past, we estimate that this would lead to cumulative energy‐related and industrial process CO2 emissions between 2020 and 2050 of just under 650 Gt CO2. This is around 30% more than the remaining total CO2 budget consistent with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C with a 50% probability (see Chapter 2)

      Emissionen durch die Verfeuerung der vorhandenen Assets: 650 Gigatonnen

      Das bedeutet eine 30prozentige Überschreitung des CO2-Budgets für 50% Wahrscheinlichkeit des 1,5°-Ziels

    1. now we talk i talk about a few ideas good regulators requisite variety self-organized criticality and then the 01:35:04 free energy principle from active inference um and uh maybe i'll just try to briefly talk mention what's what those means for what those ideas mean for people who 01:35:15 aren't familiar so good regulator really came from the good regular theorem or whatever it's called really came from cybernetics ash ashby yeah a lot his law of requisite 01:35:33 variety and uh the it's the concept is that a organism or a you know a system must be must be a model of that which it but 01:35:47 that needs to control

      These are technical terms employed in this model: * Good regulators * Requisite variety * Self-organized criticality * Free energy principle

  19. Jun 2022
    1. In basic English, “it takes two coal workers, 169 solar workers and 1,100 wind workers to equal the work of one natural gas worker.”

      One has to compare all the factors. Fossil fuels are dense but are nonrenewable. Once installed, renewables continue generating as long as the infrastructure is intact. Extending the lifetime of the infrastructure increases the cost competitiveness further. What is the net energy produced by low energy density renewables over its lifetime and how does it then compare with high density fossil fuels?

    1. Energy efficiency has never been more crucial! The time to unleashing its massive potential has come

      Will this conference debate rebound effects of efficiency? If not, it will not have the desirable net effect.

      My linked In comments were:

      Alessandro Blasi, will this conference address the rebound effect? In particular, Brockway et al. have done a 2021 meta-analysis of 33 research papers on rebound effects of energy efficiency efforts and conclude:

      "...economy-wide rebound effects may erode more than half of the expected energy savings from improved energy efficiency. We also find that many of the mechanisms driving rebound effects are overlooked by integrated assessment and global energy models. We therefore conclude that global energy scenarios may underestimate the future rate of growth of global energy demand."

      https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121000769?via%3Dihub

      Unless psychological and sociological interventions are applied along with energy efficiency to mitigate rebound effects, you will likely and ironically lose huge efficiencies in the entire efficiency intervention itself.

      Also, as brought up by other commentators, there is a difference between efficiency and degrowth. Intelligent degrowth may work, especially applied to carbon intensive areas of the economy and can be offset by high growth in low carbon areas of the economy.

      Vaclav Smil is pessimistic about a green energy revolution replacing fossil fuels https://www.ft.com/content/71072c77-53b3-4efd-92ae-c92dc02f09ad, which opens up the door to serious consideration of degrowth, not just efficiency improvements. Perhaps the answer is in a combination of all of the above, including targeted degrowth.

      Technology moves quickly and unexpectedly. At the time of Smil's book release, there was no low carbon cement. Now there is a promising breakthrough: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/28/carbon-free-cement-breakthrough-dcvc-put-55-million-into-brimstone.html

      As researchers around the globe work feverishly to make low carbon breakthroughs, there is obviously no guarantee of when they will occur. In that case then, with only a few years to peak, it would seem the lowest risk pathway would be to prioritize the precautionary principle over a gambling pathway (such as relying on Negative Emissions Technology breakthroughs) and perhaps consider along with rebound effect conditioned efficiency improvements also include a strategy of at least trialing a temporary, intentional degrowth of high carbon industries / growth of low carbon industries.

  20. May 2022
    1. The advantage of ocean currents is their stability. They flow with little fluctuation in speed and direction, giving them a capacity factor — a measure of how often the system is generating — of 50-70%, compared with around 29% for onshore wind and 15% for solar.

      Have other coastal countries other than Japan explored the capacity factor for tidal energy of the currents off their shoreline? Are other currents as promising as the Kuroshio current?

    1. One example of a siloed approach to critical infrastructure is the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection’s framework and action plan, which focuses on reducing vulnerability to terror attacks but does not consider integrating climate or environmental dimensions.39       Instead of approaching critical infrastructure protection as another systems maintenance task, the hyper-response takes advantage of ecoinnovation.40 Distributed and localized energy, food, water, and manufacturing solutions mean that the capacity to disrupt the arterials that keep society functioning is reduced. As an example, many citizens and communities rely on one centralized water supply. If these citizens and communities had water tanks and smaller-scale local water supply, this means that if a terror group or other malevolent actor decided to contaminate major national water supplies—or if the hyperthreat itself damaged major central systems—far fewer people would be at risk, and the overall disruption would be less significant. This offers a “security from the ground up” approach, and it applies to other dimensions such as health, food, and energy security.

      The transition of energy and other critical provisioning systems requires inclusive debate so that a harmonized trajectory can be selected that mitigates against stranded assets. The risk of non-inclusive debate is the possibility of many fragmented approaches competing against each other and wasting precious time and resources. Furthermore, system maintenance of antiquated hyperthreat supporting systems as pointed out in Boulton's other research. System maintenance is a good explanatory concept that can help make sense of much of the incumbent financial, energy and government actors to preserve the hyperthreat out of survival motives.

      A template for a compass for guiding energy trajectories is provided in Van Zyl-Bulitta et al. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333254683_A_compass_to_guide_through_the_myriad_of_sustainable_energy_transition_options_across_the_global_North_South_divide which can also be a model for other provisioning systems.

    1. Healthy, normal nutrition status, minimal illness severity: 20-25 kcal ABW/kg/day (84-105 kJ ABW/kg/day) ++ Illness, metabolic stress (BMI <30 kg/m2): 25-30 kcal ABW/kg/day (105-126 kJ ABW/kg/day) ++ Illness, metabolic stress (BMI ≥30 kg/m2): 11-14 kcal ABW/kg/day (46-59 kJ ABW/kg/day) or 22 to 25 kcal IBW/kg/day (92-105 kJ ABW/kg/day) ++ Major burn (≥50% total body surface area [TBSA]): 25 kcal/kg ABW (kg) + 40 kcal per % TBSA burned (adult) (which is equivalent to 105 kJ/kg ABW (kg) + 170 kJ per % TBSA burned [adult]) or 25-35 kcal/kg/day (105-146 kJ/kg/day) in nonobese patients and 21 kcal/kg/day (88 kJ/kg/day) in obese patients.

      Kcal/kg/day

  21. Apr 2022
  22. Mar 2022
  23. Jan 2022
    1. While heat pumps are the most cost effective way to use electricity to heat your home during the cooler months, leaving them running day and night is not economically efficient. According to Energywise, you should switch off your heat pump when you don’t need it. This is to avoid excessive energy waste.
  24. Dec 2021
  25. Nov 2021
    1. As the emerging field of energy humanities (168) is beginning to show, the traditions, cultures, and beliefs of contemporary, industrial societies are deeply entangled with fossil fuels in what have been called petrocultures and carbonscapes (169). Future visions are dominated by such constrained social imaginaries (170), and hence rarely offer a “radical departure from the past” (171, p. 138).

      Constructing social imaginaries that are alternatives to the petrocutultural, carbonscape ones is critical to shift the mindset.

      Carbon pollution cannot be disentangled from colonialism and social imaginaries must consist of stories that tell alternative futures narratives that address both simultaneously.

      Replace petroculture with ecoculture, doughnut economics, living within planetary boundaries and eco-civilization

  26. Oct 2021
  27. bafybeiery76ov25qa7hpadaiziuwhebaefhpxzzx6t6rchn7b37krzgroi.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeiery76ov25qa7hpadaiziuwhebaefhpxzzx6t6rchn7b37krzgroi.ipfs.dweb.link
    1. As the emerging field of energy humanities (168)is beginning to show, the traditions, cultures, and beliefs of contemporary, industrial societies aredeeply entangled with fossil fuels in what have been called petrocultures and carbonscapes (169).Future visions are dominated by such constrained social imaginaries (170), and hence rarely offera “radical departure from the past” (171, p. 138).

      Constructing social imaginaries that are alternatives to the petrocutultural, carbonscape ones is critical to shift the mindset.

      Carbon pollution cannot be disentangled from colonialism and social imaginaries must consist of stories that tell alternative futures narratives must address both simultaneously.

  28. Sep 2021
    1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ7CyM1Zrqc

      An interesting experiment to change one's schedule this way.

      I feel like I've seen a working schedule infographic of famous writers, artists, etc. and their sample work schedules before. This could certainly fit into that.

      One thing is certain thought, that the time of waking up is probably more a function of the individual person. How you spend your time is another consideration.

      “Without great solitude, no serious work is possible.” ― Picasso

      “Everybody has the same energy potential. The average person wastes his in a dozen little ways. I bring mine to bear on one thing only: my paintings, and everything else is sacrificed to it...myself included.” ― Picasso

      Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up. —Picasso

      see also: https://quoteinvestigator.com/2015/03/07/child-art/

  29. Aug 2021
  30. Feb 2021
  31. Jan 2021
    1. Good [open] scientific practice

      Would be interesting to look at adding a contribution from the Open Energy Modelling Community. Open Energy is concerned with bringing open science practices to the models for planning energy infrastructure. In effect this means how new energy generation and use will be brought online in our communities and cities for rapid decarbonisation. Since this effects peoples surroundings it is valuable for them to be brought into the decision making process - about how models work, options they throw up etc. In Germany this community has been developing in a very interesting way and in the US the first workshop was held in 2019.