Neurons that were tuned for a specific correct response were 298 often tuned to prefer the same Simon/Ericksen distractor response

neurons did not encode the distractor response

significant 270 proportion of neurons were selective for the correct response

Furthermore, the population of cells whose responses were significantly 244 affected by Eriksen conflict was almost entirely non-overlapping with the population 245 significantly affected by Simon conflict (specifically, only one cell was significantly 246 modulated by both)

additive model was a better fit to the data than other, more 205 flexible models

(n=15/145) neurons had significantly different firing rates between Simon and no-196 (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The copyright holder for this preprintthis version posted March 15, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.14.991745doi: bioRxiv preprint

A small number of individual 187 neurons also had different activity levels on Eriksen conflict and no conflict trials (8.2%, 188 n=12/145 neurons, within-cell t-test)

activity was higher on Ericksen conflict 185 trials than on no conflict trials

4917.0 (1) 5826.5 (1)*

Subtracting this expectation from the observed pattern 723 of activity left the residual activity that could not be explained by the linear co-activation 724 of task and distractor conditions

As an engineer, it’s important to explore different technologies. It’s important to identify the tools available to tackle problems. And it’s important to expand your horizons because then you can look cool on your CV.

More information about the Commons

The web is an amazing tool in bringing us together. Yet some of the best and brightest minds of our generation are working on how to get more people to click on ads. Imagine what technology could be capable of if it focused all that energy on the problems in our communities instead.

Just as journalists should be able to write about anything they want, comedians should be able to do the same and tell jokes about anything they please

A well-formatted and descriptive commit message is very helpful to others for understanding why the change was made, so please take the time to write it.

can we please stop jumping onto political bandwagons?

Some large tech behemoths could hypothetically shoulder the enormous financial burden of handling hundreds of new lawsuits if they suddenly became responsible for the random things their users say, but it would not be possible for a small nonprofit like Signal to continue to operate within the United States. Tech companies and organizations may be forced to relocate, and new startups may choose to begin in other countries instead.

e present a protocol for secure online com-munication, called “off-the-record messaging”, which hasproperties better-suited for casual conversation than do sys-tems like PGP or S/MIME.

"Off-the-Record Communication, or, Why Not To Use PGP"

In 2013, the Signal Protocol was introduced, which is based on OTR Messaging and the Silent Circle Instant Messaging Protocol (SCIMP). It brought about support for asynchronous communication ("offline messages") as its major new feature, as well as better resilience with distorted order of messages and simpler support for conversations with multiple participants.[11] OMEMO, introduced in an Android XMPP client called Conversations in 2015, integrates the Double Ratchet Algorithm used in Signal into the instant messaging protocol XMPP ("Jabber") and also enables encryption of file transfers. In the autumn of 2015 it was submitted to the XMPP Standards Foundation for standardisation.

the OTR protocol also reveals used MAC keys as part of the next message, after they have already been used to authenticate previously received messages, and will not be re-used

The answer, of course, is end-to-end encryption. The way this works is to remove any “man-in-the-middle” vulnerabilities by encrypting messages from endpoint to endpoint, with only the sender and recipient holding the decryption key. This level of messaging security was pushed into the mass-market by WhatsApp, and has now become a standard feature of every other decent platform.

The issue, though—and it’s a big one, is that the SMS infrastructure is inherently insecure, lending itself to so-called “man-in-the-middle attacks.” Messages run through network data centres, everything can be seen—security is basic at best, and you are vulnerable to local carrier interception when travelling.

When you make a call using Signal, it will generate a two-word secret code on both the profiles. You will speak the first word and the recipient will check it. Then he will speak the second word and you can check it on your end. If both the words match, the call has not been intercepted and connected to the correct profile

OK, so what about regular messages? Turns out they are not encrypted after all. Where Signal implements the security and privacy protocols right from the start, Telegram separates the two and offers an additional option. The problem is that not everyone is aware of the Secret Chat option and first-time users may send sensitive information in the regular chat window unknowingly.

And that’s where the real problem may lie—not with student semi-literacy but with that of their teachers.

They face huge challenges,

This policy allows the test suite to stay green while letting individual teams decide when they would like to put in the effort to write more deterministic tests. They may choose to do so right away, or delay until they work on the feature again.

doing the wrong thing quickly is a good way to bankrupt us and our customers

The order is important.

there’s 3 steps to building software: Make it work Make it right Make it fast

“Make it work” means shipping something that doesn’t break. The code might be ugly and difficult to understand, but we’re delivering value to the customer and we have tests that give us confidence. Without tests, it’s hard to answer “Does this work?”

given the popularity and the fact that I'm not convinced we shouldn't have first-class support for this

Even given all that, I haven't decided to close the door on offering this support in the future. If it was my opinion that we were not going to accept this ever, I would have closed the issue.

In order to redecentralize the web, we need people to run some kind of own server.

The administration and its allies fear that the more people gravitate toward the successful, free-market self-insurance approach, the worse their government-engineered health “reform” will look. We’re already seeing the beginning of this trend.

Docker 19.03 does this automatically # by setting the DOCKER_HOST in # https://github.com/docker-library/docker/blob/d45051476babc297257df490d22cbd806f1b11e4/19.03/docker-entrypoint.sh#L23-L29

Use tools in preference to unskilled help to lighten a programming task, even if you have to detour to build the tools and expect to throw some of them out after you've finished using them.

By putting our data in the corporate cloud, we are that kid. We are giving corporations and governments a way to see where we are looking towards, and they can predict our future and decide whether and how to intervene or subvert.

From a game theoretic standpoint, we’ve already lost. Too many of our civil society adversaries have too much of our data, and we have so little of theirs.

The words that you have not spoken; you are their owner. The words you have spoken, they own you.

manically inventive figure—really brilliant in many ways—with no particular training in design, but an intense interest in how people work.

"At the company's headquarters they created the bureaucracy to process information and make decisions about things that were taking place thousands of miles away."

A United States government application

The Map is Not the Terrain

Hewson also identifies three properties of human beings that give rise to agency: intentionality, power, and rationality.

They also have differing amounts of abilities and resources resulting in some having greater agency (power) than others.

Moreover, common search practices miss information in the deep web—the parts of the web not indexed by standard commercial search engines

At Google, we believe that if we focus on the user, all else will follow.

The Rabbit Hole

idea hangers

What I think we're lacking is proper tooling, or at least the knowledge of it. I don't know what most people use to write Git commits, but concepts like interactive staging, rebasing, squashing, and fixup commits are very daunting with Git on the CLI, unless you know really well what you're doing. We should do a better job at learning people how to use tools like Git Tower (to give just one example) to rewrite Git history, and to produce nice Git commits.

If we can encourage people to create clean commits as they go, the example as you showed above should be far less common, because cleaning up such history as an after-math is most of the time almost impossible.

backstage Issues and merge request related to improvements like refactorings, tests, maintenance etc

This task disables two-factor authentication (2FA) for all users that have it enabled. This can be useful if GitLab’s config/secrets.yml file has been lost and users are unable to log in, for example.

The "'strict-dynamic'" source expression aims to make Content Security Policy simpler to deploy for existing applications who have a high degree of confidence in the scripts they load directly, but low confidence in their ability to provide a reasonable list of resources to load up front.

Eric Schmidt, former Google CEO and Chairman, famously said “Google’s policy on a lot of these things is to get right up to the creepy line, but not cross it.” But for most people, that line was crossed by Google, Facebook, and others long ago.

The GDPR permits data transfers of EU resident data outside of the European Economic Area (EEA) only when in compliance with set conditions.

they’ve contested its accuracy

Unscrupulous providers are incentivized to use inefficient or malicious means to increase break/fix work and thus increase their revenue.

This change was made because GitLab License Management is now renamed to GitLab License Compliance. After review with users and analysts, we determined that this new name better indicates what the feature is for, aligns with existing market terminology, and reduces confusion with GitLab subscription licensing features.

Welcome, continue to LINER

It’s important to note that where the GDPR applies, intended use factors into whether or not consent is required as even statistical data can fall under “profiling” or “monitoring” depending on how the data is being used.

The Microsoft Calculator program uses the former in its standard view and the latter in its scientific and programmer views.

In natural languages, some apparent tautologies may have non-tautological meanings in practice. In English, "it is what it is" is used to mean 'there is no way of changing it'.[1] In Tamil, vantaalum varuvaan literally means 'if he comes, he will come', but really means 'he just may come'.[2]

In the context of first-order logic, a distinction is maintained between logical validities, sentences that are true in every model, and tautologies, which are a proper subset of the first-order logical validities. In the context of propositional logic, these two terms coincide.

It even proclaims that "the processing of personal data should be designed to serve mankind."

Explicit Form (where the purpose of the sign-up mechanism is unequivocal). So for example, in a scenario where your site has a pop-up window that invites users to sign up to your newsletter using a clear phrase such as: “Subscribe to our newsletter for access to discount vouchers and product updates!“, the affirmative action that the user performs by typing in their email address would be considered valid consent.

It’s always best practice to either simply follow the most robust legislations or to check the local anti-spam requirements specific to where your recipients are based.

the data subject has explicitly consented to the proposed transfer, after having been informed of the possible risks of such transfers for the data subject due to the absence of an adequacy decision and appropriate safeguards;

In the absence of an adequacy decision pursuant to Article 45(3), or of appropriate safeguards pursuant to Article 46, including binding corporate rules, a transfer or a set of transfers of personal data to a third country or an international organisation shall take place only on one of the following conditions:

EU law prohibits the personal data of EU citizens from being transferred outside the EU to countries which do not ensure an adequate level of protection for that data.

This framework serves the purpose of protecting Europeans’ personal data after the transfer to the US and correlates with GDPR requirements for Cross Boarder Data Transfers.

While this is illegal and can result in criminal and civil penalties, your cooperation may make you eligible for up to a US$50,000 reward.

Meet specific requirements if transferring data outside of the EAA. The GDPR permits data transfers of EU resident data outside of the European Economic Area (EEA) only when in compliance with set conditions.

the GDPR restricts transfers of personal data outside the EEA, or the protection of the GDPR, unless the rights of the individuals in respect of their personal data is protected in another way

The qualifier of ‘certain circumstances’ is important to highlight here, because it’s often the context in which information exists that determines whether it can identify someone.

it buys, receives, sells, or shares the personal information of 50,000 or more consumers annually for the business’ commercial purposes. Since IP addresses fall under what is considered personal data — and “commercial purposes” simply means to advance commercial or economic interests — it is likely that any website with at least 50k unique visits per year from California falls within this scope.

The only reason why your workaround isn't blocked as well is because it has additional steps that don't explicitly breach Mozilla's policies. But it certainly defeats the spirit of it.

What's terrible and dangerous is a faceless organization deciding to arbitrarily and silently control what I can and can not do with my browser on my computer. Orwell is screaming in his grave right now. This is no different than Mozilla deciding I don't get to visit Tulsi Gabbard's webpage because they don't like her politics, or I don't get to order car parts off amazon because they don't like hyundai, or I don't get to download mods for minecraft, or talk to certain people on facebook.

They don't have to host the extension on their website, but it's absolutely and utterly unacceptable for them to interfere with me choosing to come to github and install it.

I appreciate the vigilance, but it would be even better to actually publish a technical reasoning for why do you folks believe Firefox is above the device owner, and the root user, and why there should be no possibility through any means and configuration protections to enable users to run their own code in the release version of Firefox.

I appreciate the vigilance, but it would be even better to actually publish a technical reasoning for why do you folks believe Firefox is above the device owner, and the root user, and why there should be no possibility through any means and configuration protections to enable users to run their own code in the release version of Firefox.

If the add-on is a fork of another add-on, the name must clearly distinguish it from the original and provide a significant difference in functionality and/or code.

The notices were meant as a jumping-off point where people could begin the journey of understanding how each of their applications and the websites they visit use their data. But, they have probably had the opposite effect

If you're wearing the same shoes as I have so many times before where you're trying to make yourself heard and do what you ultimately believe is in the organisation's best interests

many organisations block torrents (for obvious reasons) and I know, for example, that either of these options would have posed insurmountable hurdles at my previous employment

Actually, I probably would have ended up just paying for it myself due to the procurement challenges of even a single-digit dollar amount, but let's not get me started on that

Many of them have made poor password choices stretching all the way back to registration, an event that potentially occurred many years ago.

One thing is certain when it comes to navigation trends, users and designers seem to be fed up with completely hidden styles and demand options that work in similar formats on desktops and mobile devices. This might be one of the reasons a vertical pattern is trending.

It’s true that there are two hard problems in computer science and one of them is naming things. Why? Because good names are important. A good name teaches about purpose and responsibility, so you have to spend some time thinking about it.

Why not have blogs take better advantage of the ways we already interact?

You don't "sanitize your output" you encode it for proper context within the application it is being presented. You encode the output for HTML, HTML Attribute, URL, JavaScript

I would call this output encoding instead of sanitization