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    1. This patient's brother (3 years younger) was followed with the similar accelerated screening protocol of biannual visits with alternating US and plasma catecholamines from the age of 5. At 11 years, the brother had a normal abdominal US, but, 6 months after, he was found to have plasma norepinephrine at 51,506 pmol/L, a 36-fold increase compared to the preceding year. MRI revealed a 3.5 cm adrenal mass, which at retroperitoneoscopic surgery required total adrenalectomy for excision. Pathology confirmed a 2.9 cm pheochromocytoma without residual tumor at the margins. This patient is followed since with a second version of an accelerated regimen. The second iteration of an accelerated regimen consists of biannual plasma catecholamines and visits with annual US. The brother is currently well after 2 years and a half of surveillance.

      PatientID: N/A (younger son of index case)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 13Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient's mother was the index case in this VHL family, as she was diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytoma at age 23 and underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Genetic screening of the mother revealed the VHL variant, which prompted screening of family members. DNA sequencing from blood of consenting family members confirmed the presence of the VHL variant in seven family members (three generations from the maternal side) (see figure 1 for familial pedigree). This included the mother (index case), the patient, his brother, maternal grandmother, uncle and two cousins. The brother, who was 3 years older, was asymptomatic until age 7, where an abdominal ultrasound revealed a left adrenal mass. A total adrenalectomy was performed and at age 1 another mouse was found in the right adrenal gland, which was also removed. 6 years later he was asymptomatic. The uncle developed hemangioblastoma, multiple bilateral renal cell carcinomas, bilateral pheochromocytomas, and succumbed to his disease at age 45. The uncle's two daughters both had the mutation. One of which was found to have pheochromocytoma at age 15 due to routine screening. The other 8 year old daughter has not had any manifestations. No phenotype was noted for the grandmother.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Patient presented with an adrenal mass at 11Y0M, which required total adrenalectomy and remains well 2.5 years later.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V170G (c.509T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA351756196, https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.509T%3EG

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; tranversion

      CivicName: V170G (c.509T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. GroupID: 51

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      GroupSize: 4

      GroupNumberMales: N/A

      GroupNumberFemales: N/A

      GroupEthnicity: French

      GroupAgeRange: N/A

      GroupInfo: 4 members of this family were found to harbor the c.571delC germline variant of the VHL gene. Members 2127, 1184 and 1182 had unknown renal involvement. Member 1183 presented with severe renal disease (RCC). Families were recruited from the French VHL Registry. Enrolment in the study required identification of the germline VHL mutation (currently 85% of the families included in the French VHL Registry) and available data regarding renal phenotype. A total of 126 families fulfilled these criteria.

      GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (Renal cell carcinoma)

      GroupHPOFreeText: Severe renal disease (any solid lesion before 25 years of age, five or more solid lesions within one or two kidneys, or metastasis of renal cell carcinoma).

      GroupNotHPOs: N/A

      GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Paper states that this family is previously reported in PMID 12202531 and/or 9829912, where 1 and 1 individuals respectively with this mutation are reported. It is unclear if one or both of these previously reported groups are the same as the current family.

      SupplementalData: Phenotype and genotype information can be found in Supplementary Table S1.

      Variant: p.H191Tfs*11 (c.571del)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658795182, https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.571del

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: deletion; minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: H191Tfs*11 (c.571del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 53

      KindredID: 18

      Case: F, 11Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 51) has a father (patient 52) who passed away before he could be diagnosed/ genetically confirmed with this mutation. The father had renal cell carcinoma at 52. The proband's daughter (patient 53) was confirmed with the mutation and had retinal angioma at 11.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 31, and renal cell carcinoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 32.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584; HP:0010797; HP:0002666 (Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma, Hemangioblastoma, Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.P86S (c.256C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 178692; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/178692/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: P86S (c.256C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    2. PatientID: 115

      KindredID: 42

      Case: M, 12Y0M, Chinese

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 42) had four family members confirmed with the mutation: his son (CNS hemangioblastoma at 12, retinal angioma at 11); his sister 1 (patient 116) presented with multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 53; his niece (daughter of sister 2) was asymptomatic at the time of assessment, and his nephew (son of brother 2) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 12, and pheochromocytoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 18. The proband also had three family members who passed away before diagnosis/ before they could be confirmed with the mutation: his sister 2 (patient 117) had multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 46, his brother 1 presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 47, renal cell carcinoma at 59, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 59; and his brother 2 presented with a retinal capillary hemangioma at 43, and CNS hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 44.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 36, multiple pancreatic cysts and/or tumors at 40, and retinal angioma and renal cell carcinoma at 44.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 24581539) and Wang et al., 2014 (PMID: 29330336).

      SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.W117G (c.349T>G)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 862346; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/862346/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: W117G (c.349T>G)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 5 F/11 PCC VHL 3 c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln) Post-NGS Targeted NGS P Bilateral adrenal 2.0 Benign Yes Symptomatic Noradrenergic

      PatientID: 5

      KindredID: 5

      Case: F, 11Y0M, Korean

      DiseaseAssertion: Adrenal Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: No information provided.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748 (adrenal pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with adrenal pheochromocytoma (see table 3)

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET, NF1, MAX, SDHA/SDHAF2/SDHB/SDHC/SDHD

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R161Q (c.482G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 182983, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182983/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R161Q (c.482G>A)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 138 (Second cousin)

      KindredID: 18

      Case: M, 49Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: 11 members of this family tested positive for the c.712C>T/c.499C>T germline variant of the VHL gene. 14 members of this family were assumed to carry this variant due to family history/personal medical history. Members of this family range from asymptomatic to multi-organ involvement (pheochromocytoma, pancreatic and renal cysts/tumors and hemangioblastomas). The family was previously reported in PMID 3942913.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: This patient presented with pheochromocytoma (11Y). Age of diagnosis of retinal angioma is unknown.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0000077; HP:0001732; HP:0010797 (Renal cell carcinoma, Abnormality of the kidney, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 3942913 (some members of this family are previously reported (phenotypes only) but unable to match patients across papers with confidence)

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      LegacyVariant: c.712C>T

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

      VariantEvidence: A point mutation (c.712C>T) was found. Being that this variant is out of bound with respect to the NM_000551.3 reference sequence, it was concluded that this variant is noted in the Latif et al. (1993) reference and was translated to c.499C>T (NM_000551.3).

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. An 11-year-old female was admitted with complaints of episodes of headache, sweating, palpitation along with history of vomiting, and blurring vision; and examination revealed tachycardia, hypertension (230/130 mmHg). Subsequent evaluation revealed elevated NMN (2959 μg/ml). CECT revealed a right adrenal mass 3 × 3 cm and hence she was provisionally diagnosed as a case of right PCC with probability of MEN 2A or VHL in view of young age. However, there was no family history and no evidence of medullary thyroid cancer or HPT in her or her siblings. She underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy after adequate alpha blockade. HPE confirmed PCC without hyperplasia of normal adrenal tissue. She was subsequently followed up. She then presented 6 years later with history of paroxysms and one episode of hypertension. On examination her blood pressure was found to be 180/110 on standing and 150/110 on lying down. Her UNMN was 6,620 μg/ml at 24 h (0–600). PET CT revealed a 5.8 × 5.5 cm left adrenal PCC. She was then put on alpha blockade and underwent a left laparoscopic adrenalectomy under steroid cover. Postop period was uneventful and HPE revealed PCC without adrenal hyperplasia. Her postoperative UMN returned to normal levels. She was discharged on and is doing well in follow-up. It was also found that her cousin had undergone bilateral adrenalectomy with us (case 2) during her period of follow-up and he was found to be having a positive VHL gene mutation; hence she was also tested for VHL mutation and was found to be harboring VHL gene mutation also. ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"NM_000551.3","term_id":"319655736","term_text":"NM_000551.3"}}NM_000551.3 [VHL]:c.382C>Tin exon 2. Protein change: leucine to phenylalanine).

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: F, 11Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Her cousin (case 2) underwent a bilateral adrenalectomy and had the same VHL mutation.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748, HP:0002865 (Adrenal pheochromocytoma, Medullary thyroid carcinoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584, HP:0010797 (renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.L128F (c.382C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 496060 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/496060/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: L128F (c.382C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Due to recurrent hemangioblastomas, a29-year-old patient without familial history of VHL disease was diagnosed to be at risk for the disease. Histopathological examination of a small renal mass identified a clear cell tumor with a G1 grading. Genetic characterization of the germline and of the renal tumor was performed. Polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR/SSCP) analysis with primers from the VHL gene identified a deletion of a single nucleotide in exon 2 in the patient's germline and in the tumor, but not in the DNA of his parents. This deletion therefore must be a de novo mutation. Comparative genome hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the G1 tumor with differentially labelled yeast artifical chromosome (YAC) clones showed loss of 3p and of the 3p26 signals, respectively. In conclusion, we identified a de novo germline mutation in the VHL gene of a young patient and a somatic chromosome 3p loss at the homologous chromosome 3 in his renal tumor. Our results suggest a recessive mode of inactivation of the VHL gene, providing solid evidence for its tumor-suppressor gene characteristics. Our data show the diagnostic potential of genetic testing, especially in patients without VHL family history. Furthermore, the findings of homozygous inactivation of the VHL gene in a G1 tumor support the notion that the inactivation of the VHL gene is an early event in tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma.

      PatientID: Proband

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 29Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: No other family members presented with any signs of VHL disease. The patient’s aunt died from breast cancer at 46Y, the grandfather died of leukemia at 56Y.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009713; HP:0006770; HP:0001737; HP:0005562 (Spinal hemangioblastoma, Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic cysts, Multiple renal cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Presented with recurrent spinal hemangioblastomas. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed pancreatic and renal cysts and a renal mass. Histology after surgery to resent the renal tumor showed clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.F148Lfs*11 (c.444del)

      LegacyVariant: c.653del

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223212, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223212/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Sequencing revealed one nucleotide was deleted from the pentameric thymidines nucleotides 653–657 of exon 2 of the VHL gene, predicted to result in a stop codon, in both constitutional blood and tumor samples. All other family members tested, including his 34-year-old sister, did not show any alteration of the gene, either by SSCP analysis or by sequencing. Based on the description of the pentameric thimidines at 653-657, it was concluded that the authors reported the variant according to legacy nomenclature (AF010238.1). This was mapped to p.Phe148Leufs*11 (c.444del) according to the reference sequence NM_000551.3. Homozygous inactivation of the VHL gene in a G1 tumor support the notion that the inactivation of the VHL gene is an early event in tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinoma.

      MutationType: deletion; minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: F148Lfs*11 (c.444del)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. R238W

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 386

      Case: M, 11Y0M, Polish

      DiseaseAssertion: Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: One of the patient’s brothers carried the mutation and presented with unilateral pheochromocytoma at 15Y. The patient’s mother also carried the mutation and presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma at 41Y.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma at 11Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W(c.499C>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.R238W(c.712C>T)

      ClinVarID: 2218, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218

      gnomAD: 3:10191506 C / T, http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167W(c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare tumors in the pediatric population that arise from neural crest cells. Prompt recognition and treatment are necessary to limit morbidity. Compared to adults, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children are more likely to be associated with an underlying genetic syndrome, and genetic testing should be pursued. These tumors can produce catecholamines and present with symptoms such as sweating, nausea, emesis, hypertension, or diarrhea, or they can be nonfunctional and present with symptoms related to mass effect. Evaluation is initiated with measurement of urine and plasma metanephrines and diagnosis confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive treatment occurs via surgical excision. A multidisciplinary team specifically trained in the management of pediatric PHEO and PGL is necessary for optimal patient care.

      PatientID: 1 (case)

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 17Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: The patient’s father and paternal aunt both had a history of pheochromocytoma. No genetic testing for them was described.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006748; HP:0002668 (adrenal pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Presented at 11Y with a 2-week history of nausea. He was noted to have tachycardia and a heart murmur, so an echocardiogram was obtained revealing moderate concentric hypertrophy and mildly decreased left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. An MRI of the abdomen revealed a 4.6 × 4.1 × 5.7 cm mass in the right adrenal gland and a 3.3 × 2.9 × 3.2 cm rounded lesion in the left adrenal gland. MIBG scan showed MIBG localization in bilateral retroperitoneal masses, compatible with bilateral pheochromocytoma. Patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Two years later (13Y), imaging revealed a right paraspinal paraganglioma which was subsequently resected.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: An ophthalmology examination was notable only for hypertensive retinopathy.

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V84M (c.250G>A)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 428813, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428813/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000004376, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183781-G-A

      VariantEvidence: At the time of publication, the mutation had not been previously characterized however was clinically consistent with a diagnosis of VHL.

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: None

      KindredID: 2

      Case: M, 11Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Familial/syndromic (FS) association

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0030405 (Pheochromocytoma; pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Benign bilateral pheochromocytoma and PNET at age 11

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: SDHB,SDHC, SDHD, and exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of RET proto-oncogene

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. The white correction part is dry white correction material on film. It's supposed to be that way. The black is the part that ought to be wet with ink. I don't think that anyone makes the older bichrome correction ribbon anymore. There's still NOS out there, but I generally don't recommend it as, though it may work, it throws flecks of white into your segment and onto your typebars. It makes a heck of a mess and is a pain to clean up.

      If you need it, you can find old correction tabs out there or correction tape which is far easier (and cleaner) to use.

      Better ribbon can be found here: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-faq.html#q1

      Reply to u/OalBlunkont at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1xkpg95/ribbon_for_brother_charger_11c/

    1. Housbondes at chirche dore I have had fyve --                 I have had five husbands at the church door -- 7       If I so ofte myghte have ywedded bee --                 If I so often might have been wedded -- 8       And alle were worthy men in hir degree.                 And all were worthy men in their way.

      I never imagined that people in the past were so more open-minded than people today.

  2. Oct 2026
    1. V155L

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: A

      Case: M, 11Y0M, Welsh

      DiseaseAssertion: Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: The patient had a sister that presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma at 17Y. The patient also had an asymptomatic parent.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with bilateral pheochromocytoma at 11Y.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: RET

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V84L(c.250G>T)

      LegacyVariant: p.V155L(c.463G>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: bandshift in exon 1 and genomic sequencing indicated a G>T transversion at nucleotide 463, substituting a valine for leucine at codon 155 (V155L). Leading to NM_000551.3:p.V84L(c.250G>T)

      ClinVarID: 2236, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2236

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

      CivicName: V84L(c.250G>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Twelve (75%) of 16 gene carriers were found to have ocular hemangioblastomas(Figure 1 and Figure 2), and 7 of these had bilateral disease (Table 1). The mean number of angiomas was 3.3. However, 1 individual had 22 angiomas, most of which were in an area of previous exudative retinal detachment (see the "Comment" section) (Table 2). Exclusion of this individual resulted in a mean number of angiomas of 2.1. Six eyes had optic disc angiomas (Figure 2). Six of the 19 eyes with ocular hemangioblastomas had visual acuity less than 20/40. Two patients had no light perception in one or both eyes. The average age at diagnosis of ocular angiomatosis was 37 years.

      PatientID: 1

      KindredID: 1

      Case: Sex Unknown, 22Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Significant family history. Pedigree follows 8 generations (see Figure 3). Family immigrated to Iowa, US, from Baden-Baden, Germany, in 1832; Likely sharing a common ancestor to the traced lineage of the Black Forest region of Germany.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (pheochromocytoma; retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: 11Y at first pheochromocytoma and ocular angioma (retinal capillary hemangioma). Total of 4 ocular angiomas.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

      LegacyVariant: p.Y98H (c.505T>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVar: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PMID: 20567917

      PatientID: 2

      KindredID: 2

      Case: F, 29Y0M, Brazilian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: VHL type 1. Genetic testing has been performed in her parents and brother with negative results. Her only child has not undergone predictive testing yet.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030393; HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0000107; HP:0001737; HP:0001407 (endolymphatic sac tumor; retinal capillary hemangioma; hemangioblastoma; renal cysts; pancreatic cysts; hepatic cysts)

      CaseHPOFreeText: endolymphatic sac tumor diagnosed at 11Y, retinal angiomas at 16Y; hemangioblastoma, renal, pancreatic, and hepatic cysts at 29Y

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: p.Q73* (c.217C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 223164 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223164/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: stop_gained

      CivicName: Q73* (c.217C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. 14 c.497T>C p.Val166Ala p.V166A Bilateral Pheo

      PatientID: None

      KindredID: 14

      Case: 15Y0M, F, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: The patient has no family history of VHL disease. Genetic testing reveals no mutation in patient's parents indicating that the mutation in patient is sporadic. This was further said to have occurred de novo.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: bilateral pheochromocytoma diagnosed at age 11 years. She was said to have single-organ involvement and did not fulfill diagnostic criteria of VHL. 

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0010797; HP:0000107; HP:0001737 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, renal cyst, pancreatic cysts)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: Previously reported, HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database: http://uwcmml1s.uwcm.ac.uk/uwcm/mg/search/120488.html)

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.V166A (c.497T>C)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 43605 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43605/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: V166A (c.497T>C)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. #10PCC(11)15c.340+682T>CNANoc.482G>A p.R161QPosDecreaseIncreasePathogenic

      PatientID: 10

      KindredID: 10

      Case: Sex Unknown, 26Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Pheochromocytoma

      FamilyInfo: N/A - not stated

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: A pheochromocytoma (PCC) diagnosed first at 11Y was found, with follow up of a 15 year duration.

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: Yes

      Variant: c.340+682T>C

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 964770 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/964770

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Tumor analysis was performed since there was a paraffin embedded sample. Patient 10 did not have loss of heterozygosity, but was found to have a somatic variant in the exon 3 of VHL (c.482G>A; p.Arg161Gln). This was the only patient observed to have a cluster of tumor cells with a positive membranous CA9 immunostaining, this can be seen in VHL-related PPGL. CA9 is a protein reported to influence regulation cell proliferation and tumor progression and is known to be expressed at the membrane of tumour cells in the case of VHL inactivation can be seen in VHL-related PPGL. Subsequently as expected, the PPGL of patient 10 had a significantly low expression of VHL E1-E1' mRNA VHL and PNMT mRNA compared to VHL-tumours used as controls. This suggests that the two VHL variants change the VHL mRNA splicing.

      MutationType: splice_site_variant

      CivicName: Splice Site (c.340+682T>C); intron_variant

      MultipleGeneVariants: Somatic, VHL, c.482G>A (p.Arg161Gln)

    1. PatientID: 28

      KindredID: 18

      Case: M, 11Y0M, Indian

      DiseaseAssertion: VHL

      FamilyInfo: Relevant family history but details are not made available.

      CohortInfo: This retrospective study was conducted at Department of Endocrinology of a tertiary care health centre in Western India. Patients presented to our institute between 2008 and 2016 were included in the study. During the study period a total of 33 patients were suspected to have VHL syndrome based on clinical features among whom 31 patients were found to have mutation in VHL gene. All patients are of Asian Indian descent.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Bilateral pheochromocytoma.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797; HP:0002668; HP:0030405; HP:0001737 (Renal cell carcinoma, Hemangioblastoma, Paraganglioma, Pancreatic endocrine tumor, Pancreatic cysts)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant;transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: 128 (Second cousin)

      KindredID: 18

      Case: M, 52Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: 11 members of this family tested positive for the c.712C>T/c.499C>T germline variant of the VHL gene. 14 members of this family were assumed to carry this variant due to family history/personal medical history. Members of this family range from asymptomatic to multi-organ involvement (pheochromocytoma, pancreatic and renal cysts/tumors and hemangioblastomas). The family was previously reported in PMID 3942913.

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: This patient presented with pheochromocytoma (11Y). Age of diagnosis for retinal angioma is unknown.

      CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0000077; HP:0001732; HP:0010797 (Renal cell carcinoma, Abnormality of the kidney, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma)

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: 3942913 (some members of this family are previously reported (phenotypes only) but unable to match patients across papers with confidence)

      SupplementalData: Supplementary Table 1.

      Variant: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: Authors state that the c.712C>T germline familial variant of the VHL gene in this patient is “inferred from the family”. No genetic testing was done on this patient to confirm this. Being that this familial variant is out of bound with respect to the NM_000551.3 reference sequence, it was concluded that this variant is noted in the Latif et al. (1993) reference and was translated to c.499C>T (NM_000551.3).

      MutationType: N/A

      CivicName: N/A

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. PatientID: None

      KindredID: 1

      Case: M, 11Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

      FamilyInfo: Familial/syndromic (FS) association

      CasePresentingHPOs:HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pheochromocytoma; retinal capillary hemangioma)

      CaseHPOFreeText: Benign bilateral pheochromocytoma and retinal angioma at age 11

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: SDHB,SDHC, SDHD, and exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16 of RET proto-oncogene

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: 2218 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

      CAID: N/A

      gnomAD: 0.000007954 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: missense_variant; transition

      CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

    1. Eighteen VHL patients who underwent pancreatectomy for one or several endocrine tumors at Beaujon hospital from 1997 to 2008 were retrieved from the file of VHL patients (Table 1).

      PatientID: 9

      KindredID: 9

      Case: M, 51Y0M, Ethnicity unknown

      DiseaseAssertion: pancreatic endocrine tumor

      FamilyInfo: None

      CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumor)

      CaseHPOFreeText: See Table 1 for more information

      CaseNotHPOs: N/A

      CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

      CasePreviousTesting: N/A

      PreviouslyPublished: N/A

      SupplementalData: N/A

      Variant: p.H191Tfs*11 (c.571delC)

      CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

      LegacyVariant: N/A

      ClinVarID: N/A

      CAID: CA658795182 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.571delC

      gnomAD: N/A

      VariantEvidence: N/A

      MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

      CivicName: H191Tfs*11 (c.571delC)

      MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

  3. Sep 2026
    1. they are strongly attracted to the "deshielded proton" of another hydrogen and create a hydrogen bond. It should also be noted that the small size of the hydrogen allows it to move in real close, resulting is a strong bonding interaction.

      so hydrogen bonds are attracted to lone pairs?

  4. Aug 2026
    1. ClusterMAX™ currently has approximately 90% coverage of the entire GPU market by GPU volume

      承担了最多权威性、却最不可核的一句。

      分母是什么(全球 GPU 装机量?租赁市场?仅 NVIDIA?)、如何统计、数据来自哪里——全文均未说明。

      与本文其余部分形成对照:评估维度逐项公开、评估流程写得很细、五档成员全部列出(含 Bronze 与 UnderPerform,未回避)。流程公开,但两个关键函数不公开:这个 90% 的口径,以及十项维度如何加权成最终档位。

      后者意味着最终档位不可由第三方复算。

    2. We will re-evaluate and update our GPU Cloud ClusterMAX™ Tier list every 3-6 months

      公开承诺,追踪到期:部分兑现。

      | 应到期 | 实际 | 判定 | |---|---|---| | 2025-06 ~ 2025-09 | 2025-11(ClusterMAX 2.0) | 逾期约 2–5 个月 | | 2026-02 ~ 2026-05 | 2026-04(ClusterMAX 2.1) | 在窗口内 |

      首次更新超出自设窗口,第二次回到节奏内。

      相较本流水线追踪的其他承诺(Anthropic 的恶意 PyPI 转录本至今未见、Google 的 Gemini 3.5 Pro 三次滑期),这是目前队列中兑现情况最好的一条。

    3. we view being on the “AMD Alliance Instinct Cloud Partners” list as not a good predictor of tiering well in ClusterMAX™.

      方向相反的证据,必须一并记录,而且它相当有力。

      公开点名一家主要芯片厂商的合作伙伴计划并给出负面判断,不是被捕获的分析师会写的东西。

      评级结果本身同样是反证:CoreWeave 唯一 Platinum,而 Azure/Oracle 为 Gold、AWS 为 Silver、Google Cloud 为 Bronze——三大超大规模云全部排在一家 neocloud 之下。若评级可购买,预算最大的买家不会是这个位置。

      因此结论是有分寸的:独立性的行为证据强,独立性的披露文本弱。 两者不能互相替代——前者靠读者自己推断,后者才是可审计的。

    4. there is only one GPU cloud, CoreWeave, that provides services at this tier

      时间关系值得记录:本文 2025-03-26 发布,CoreWeave 于 2025-03-28 在纳斯达克上市(CRWV,定价 $40,募资约 15 亿美元)——两天后。

      本文自述筹备了 12 个月,IPO 时间表也是公开的,时间接近不必然意味着任何不当。

      但这是一个应当出现在披露段落、而实际没有出现的事实。本条只记录日期,不作动机推断。

      17 个月后的后续:CoreWeave 连续两次评级保持唯一 Platinum,并为此发布商业新闻稿、开设专门落地页 coreweave.com/semianalysis。评级已成为被评方的营销资产。

    5. No part of SemiAnalysis’s compensation by our clients was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific tiering, ratings or comments expressed.

      这句回答的问题,和读者需要知道的问题,不是同一个。

      这是美国 Reg AC 分析师认证的标准句式,设计目的是覆盖挂钩(报酬 ↔ 评级),而非覆盖关系存在(被评公司是否为本司客户)。

      全文词频:disclosure 0 | conflict 0 | sponsor 0 | client 1 | consulting 1。那唯一一次 client 就在这句里。全文没有任何地方说明 SemiAnalysis 与任何被评级公司是否存在业务关系。

      对一份面向潜在采购方的供应商分级榜,读者需要的是后者。本条不指控利益输送——只指出声明的覆盖范围窄于它给人的印象。

    1. Models are typically rewarded solely for correct outcomes, not penalized for incorrect reasoning, enabling them to achieve accuracy through flawed logic.

      全文传播度最高的一段,恰是证据最薄的一段。

      这是「为什么 o3 会幻觉」的机制解释,被转载最多。但它在文中的全部支撑是一个类比——模型可能在不理解规则的情况下赢下一局棋。

      没有消融实验、没有实验室数据、没有第三方研究引用。它是一个看起来很有解释力的假说,与本文那些有一手文档可核的部分(如 Claude 3.7 系统卡对照)不是同一等级。

      读者极易把两者混为一谈——这正是本条标注的理由。

    2. In the Claude 4 release, Anthropic significantly reduced reward hacking by improving environments, clarifying reward signals, and implementing proactive monitoring.

      结果属实,因果无来源。

      「显著减少」有系统卡数据支撑(hard-coding 行为下降约 67%/69%)。但把它归因于「改进环境、澄清奖励信号、主动监控」这三项——本文没有给出任何来源。

      系统卡本身还记载了一条本文未提的机制:简单提示词即可大幅抑制 Claude 4 的该行为,而对 3.7 往往无效。这条指向的是模型自身的可引导性,不是环境工程。

    3. Claude 3.7 Sonnet exhibited reward hacking by altering test cases rather than improving its code to pass original tests.

      属实,但主次形态被调换。

      核对 Anthropic 自家 Claude 3.7 系统卡:确有其事,且 Anthropic 自陈已在发布前刻画该行为并实施部分缓解——与本文说法一致。

      偏差:系统卡称最常见形态是直接返回测试期望值(hard-coding),修改测试文件是次要形态。本文把次要形态写成了主形态。方向不受影响。

      另有本文未提的两项:Claude Opus 4 / Sonnet 4 的 hard-coding 行为较 3.7 分别下降约 67% / 69%;且简单提示词即可大幅抑制 Claude 4 的该行为,而对 3.7 往往无效。

    4. Reliable, scalable, easy to implement environments will be in extreme demand and we expect this to be a growing area for startups to operate in.

      一个可判分的预测,14 个月后兑现。

      • 2025-08-27(+11 周)Prime Intellect 上线 RL 环境中心
      • 2025-09-21(+3.5 月)TechCrunch《硅谷押注 environments》;报道称 Anthropic 内部讨论过未来一年投入逾 10 亿美元于 RL 环境,Mechanize 以 50 万美元年薪招环境工程师
      • 2026(+12 月)Prime Intellect Series A 1.3 亿美元,报道称 ARR 逾 1 亿、6000 客户

      本文早于其中最主要的市场事件。限定:逾 10 亿美元一项为媒体转述的内部讨论,非官方确认。

    5. Solving reward hacking is of top importance to all of the labs and will draw on many ideas from the safety-oriented teams.

      同一层基础设施,两种归口。

      本文把「环境配置不当 → reward hacking」视为同一个问题,并归口安全团队。Anthropic 事故文则把 harness/环境层与模型对齐层拆开,把事故判给前者——这正是使事故不必计入对齐失败的那一刀。

      词频对照很说明问题:本文全篇 harness 0 次、sandbox 0 次。它描述同一层时用的词是 environment,而在本文框架里 environment 是决定模型行为的东西,不是模型外面的托管壳。

      用哪个词,就已经决定了责任落在哪一侧。本条不主张 Anthropic 的切分是错的,只主张:它不是行业默认,因此需要论证。

    6. There is an entire security infrastructure that needs to underpin this as well, so the model is protected from external penetration or from trying to escape the environment.

      这句的价值在于它的日期。

      2025-06-08 写下时,它只是「环境工程要求清单」里的一项,与延迟、容错、检查点并列——不是预言,是常识。

      约 10 个月后(2026-04)发生了 Anthropic 公开的最早一起评测环境失控;14 个月后(2026-07-29)的披露把它定性为「harness 与运维失败,而非模型对齐失败」。

      本条不主张有人提前警告而被忽视——SemiAnalysis 未点名任何实验室,也不掌握内部信息。它主张的是更弱但仍有后果的一点:这个风险类别在事故前一年已属公开常识,因此不能被当作只能事后发现的运维意外。

    1. The Trump administration needs to solve this failure from the Biden administration immediately

      这是本文的政策诉求,不是分析——11 个月后仍未兑现。

      至 2026-08:五角大楼已把 CXMT 列入涉军企业名单,跨部门已放行进入 Entity List,但该步骤尚未生效;BIS 草案中 CXMT 位列拟增名单之首。

      同一期间,CXMT 完成了估值约 850 亿美元的 IPO,成为中国最大规模芯片上市。

      本文的政策立场是公开表明的(「By no means should HBM be allowed to be shipped into China」),这比藏着好;但也意味着「出口管制正在起效」这个结论,与作者所倡导的政策方向是同向的。

    2. DeepSeek has ambitions to release a multimodal model in V4, but scarce compute is slowing progress.

      这条几乎逐字兑现。

      V4 预览于 2026-04-24 发布,仍是纯语言模型;据报道推迟多模态训练的主因正是算力与资金约束。训练依然依赖 Nvidia 最先进 GPU——与本文「他们主要用 Nvidia 训练,短期不会变」也一致。

      本文对因果机制的判断(算力约束 → 多模态推迟),比它对绝对产量数字的判断可靠得多。

    3. The argument Blackwell needs to be sold into China is a false narrative

      这条兑现了。

      至 2026-08:B30A 未获批,Trump 政府明确表态不出口 Blackwell 级芯片。

      但门槛以另一种方式上移了——2026-01 批准 H200 对华销售,美国政府抽取 25% 分成。本文主张「只有当中国能大量供应与 H20E 相当的产品时才应提高档次」;实际发生的是提高了档次、同时加了财政抽成,这个组合本文没有设想过。

    4. 805k this year, 653k of those being 910C

      同一个量,两个来源差 2.2 倍。

      SemiAnalysis:2025 年 910C 为 653k。 Bloomberg(三周后):2025 年 910C 约 300k。

      更值得注意的是本文在别处预先驳斥了更低的公开数字——「we believe the reported number of 200k Ascend chips to be significantly off the mark」。而 Bloomberg 的约 300k,离那个被驳斥的量级更近,离本文的 653k 更远。

      本文未披露该数字的来源与方法。

    5. Assuming no smuggling, China will be able to make less Ascends next year, not more.

      全文最大胆的一句,也是最该回看的一句。

      本文发布三周后(2025-09-29),Bloomberg 报道华为计划 2026 年 910C 产量约 60 万、总 die 约 160 万,为 2025 年的两倍——方向完全相反。

      但判定为 待核验 而非 不成立,理由有二:① 本句带前提「若无走私」;② 企业计划不等于实绩,2026 年的独立实绩数据目前拿不到。

      可确认的只是:截至 2026-08,Ascend 950PR 已于 Q1 按期上市,SMIC N+3 被报道为足以支撑旗舰产品——收缩的迹象没有出现。

  5. Jan 2026
  6. Dec 2025
    1. l. The frat boy who made special trips to Abercrombie & Fitch “waspiecing together a theory about the world,” while the righteous Hsu, who had also started writingfor Asian American newspapers, assumed that whenever he and Ken would make a list of the fewAsian characters on sitcoms, they “were just goofing off and passing time.” But some of Ken’s“theory” seemed to leave its mark on Hsu — even if, like anything whose influence is so profoundit’s subterranean, it manifested less as a doctrine than as a disposi

      Ken’s influence didn’t appear as direct teaching, but changed the way he sees the world.

    2. About the only thing they had in common was that they were both Asian American, but even thatjust obscured the gulf between their backgrounds: Hsu’s parents had immigrated from Taiwan,whereas Ken’s Japanese American family had lived in the United States for genera

      Being classified together as both Asian Americans will hide the real differences in their lives and experiences.

  7. Nov 2025
  8. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. She knew this coffee-drinking guy wanted tohave sex with her, and she was considering it, but he wasn't improv-ing his chances by making her feel stupid.

      he uses knowledge to make her feel inferior, rather than treating her as an equal.

    2. Maybehe deserved her contempt, but Corliss realized that very few youngmen read poetry at Washington State University.

      I’m surprised that even though she dislikes him, she still respects that he reads poetry, which changes how she sees him.

    3. Yes. So I started crying, and I kept crying, and I couldn't stop cry,ing no matter how hard I tried. They tell me I cried for two weeksstraight, but all I remember is that first day. I took a leave of absencefrom school, sold my house, and spent my money in a year, and nowI'm here, relying, as they say, on the kindness of strangers.''"I am kind because you are kind. Thank you for sharing your story.'

      She has the thoughts that she wants to give up but has the world is holding her.

    4. She sat at a Mac and logged on.Her user name was "CrazyIndian," and her password was "StillCrazy."

      Though this sentence is a little bit related to the book title, why her username is CrazyIndian? Is it indicates the scene, or is it a simple meaning?

    5. I kept shouting, 'I want some respect! I want some respect!' Ishouted it all day and all night. And nobody gave me any respect. Iwas asking directly for it, and people just kept walking around me.Avoiding me. Not even looking at me. Not even acknowledging m

      He keep asking for respect, but nobody listens to him. People ignore him and act like he doesn’t exist, which shows how lonely and powerless he feels.

    6. Corliss couldn't help herself. She loved her mother, but her motherwas a bipolar storyteller who told lies during her manic phases andheavily exaggerated during her depressed times. Those lies and ex~aggerations were often flattering to Corliss, so it was hard to com~pletely resent them

      Corliss loves her mother, but her mother often tells lies or exaggerates because of her bipolar disorder. Since these stories usually make Corliss look good, she can’t really hate them.

    7. Corliss had never once considered the fate of library books. She'dnever wondered how many books go unread. She loved books. Howcould she not worry about the unread? She felt like a disorganizedscholar, an inconsiderate lover, an abusive mother, and a cowardlysolider

      Corliss suddenly feels guilty when she realizes she has never thought about the forgotten books in the library.

    8. For her, each great book was

      This sentence illustrates how Corliss elevates literature to a near-religious status. It reveals her tendency to surrender critical judgment when she admires a writer. It also shows how her passion for reading can blur into blind devotion.

    9. I think you're going to find I'm writing themost authentic Indian poems that have ever been written

      This sentence shows how highly Harlan values his own work. It suggests a desire to prove his cultural legitimacy. It also hints that his idea of authenticity may be shaped more by ego than community tradition.

    10. We're still Indian.

      This passage is interesting because Corliss feels a deep emotional connection to the poet simply because she has shared the same physical landscape. The moment she calls her mother brings the scene back to everyday reality and contrasts her idealistic excitement with her mother’s practical view of identity.

  9. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. Much rich treasure he’s bringing back home from Troy 40out of the booty, while we, who went through the selfsameventure as he did, are returning empty-handed!

      It’s interesting how jealousy makes the crew completely forget Odysseus actually saved them.

    2. So she spoke. I drew the sharp sword from beside my thigh,and charged at Kirkē, as though with intent to kill her.She gave a loud scream, slipped under my charge, embracedmy knees, and, sobbing, addressed me with winged words, saying:‘Who are you? From where? What city? Who are your parents? 325I’m amazed that you drank my drug and were not bewitched!

      I think this passage though is terrifying, it makes it like the scene is right in front of my eyes.

  10. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. I began to know his men a little, those unsteady hearts that he hadspoken of, those leaky vessels. Polites was better-mannered than therest, Eurylochos stubborn and sulky. Thin-faced Elpenor had a laughlike a screechy owl. They reminded me of wolf pups, their griefsgone when their bellies were full. They looked down when I passed,as if to be sure their hands were still their ow

      Circe sees Odysseus’s men as weak and easily scared. They try to look tough, but they still afraid of her power.

    2. "I appreciated him,in his way. But he made a terrible soldier, however many men hecould bleed. He had a number of inconvenient ideas about loyaltyand honor

      This shows that he is not a good soldier because he follows his own ideas, not orders. His thoughts about loyalty and honor make him different, but also cause problems.

    3. You are kind, but I think we both know it is not. soon as I wason board, the seas around me lifted wrathful heads. The sky dark-ened to iron. I tried to turn the fleet around, but it was too late. Herstorm spun us far off from Troy." He rubbed his knuckles as if theyached. "Now when I speak to her, she does not answer.

      Odysseus feels guilty and weak. Because he knows he can’t fight against a goddess’s anger.

    1. Hsu is a subtle writer, not a showy one; the joy of “Stay True” sneaks up on you, and the wry jokesare threaded seamlessly throughout. He recounts his relationship with his parents — how he feltextraordinarily close to them in some essential ways and distant from them in

      Hsu Hua’s quiet writing style makes the story feel sincere and let the reader easy to connect with.

  11. Oct 2025
  12. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. when gods don’t desire it, whocan witness their passage, either coming or going?”

      This line shows that the gods control human fate.Odysseus's journey home depends on their will - without it, no one can move or even be seen . It highlights the theme of divine power over mortal lives in The Odyssey.

    2. Eurylochos: he, suspecting a trap, hung back.She escorted them in, sat them down on chairs and benches,and offered them barley meal, cheese, and pale yellow honeymixed with Pramnian wine; but she added to this mixture 235baneful drugs to destroy their memory of their homeland.When she’d given it them and they’d swallowed it, then at onceshe struck them with her wand, and shut them away in sties:they now all had pigs’ heads, pigs’ voices, and pigs’ bristles,pigs’ bodies too; but their minds remained unchanged. 240So they were penned in, weeping; and Kirkē threw themoak nuts to eat, acorns, the fruit of the cornel tree—such food as swine that sleep on the ground will feed on.

      Eurylochos's escape shows the danger of temptation and the importance of self-control by not following. This line highlighted his awareness and circe's cunning.

    3. They wept aloud and shed thick-flowing tears,but all their lamenting accomplished nothing for them.

      From this line, we can tell that Odysseus seems somewhat narcissist ; even though his comrades were killed, he doesn't express much sadness or remorse.

    4. She at once summoned famous Antiphatēs, her husband,from assembly: he devised a miserable fate for them.

      Greek culture valued Xenia (hospitality); however, instead of welcoming odysseus, the king plotted something cruel, marking a turning point in Odysseus's journey.

  13. Jun 2025
  14. May 2025
    1. Eine Studie zeigt, dass das Kraftwerk Drax in North Yorkshire trotz Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) bis in die 2050er Jahre die CO₂-Emissionen erhöhen wird. Die intensive Waldnutzung zur Gewinnung von Holzpellets in den USA reduziert die Kohlenstoffspeicher in Wäldern für mindestens 25 Jahre. Selbst mit CCS-Technologie bleiben die Emissionen über Jahrzehnte hoch, was die Klimakrise verschärft. Kritiker bezweifeln Drax' Behauptung, "klimaneutral" zu sein, und fordern eine Neubewertung der staatlichen Unterstützung für Biomasse-Energie. [Zusammenfassung generiert mit Mistral] https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/nov/04/drax-will-keep-raising-carbon-emission-levels-until-2050s-study-says

  15. Apr 2025
    1. Die Erhitzung der Erde bewirkt, dass sich die Gesamtmenge des Wassers auf den Kontinenten verringert. Damit werden die Böden weltweit trockener.

      Durch die höheren Temperaturen verdunstet mehr Wasser als früher („Evapotranspiration“); wegen der größeren Oberfläche der Ozeane geht dort ein größerer Anteil dieses Wassers als Regen nieder als auf dem Festland. Der koreanische Wissenschaftler Ki-Wen Seo und sein Team haben Belege für diese Veränderungen des Wasserkrislaufs in Satellitendaten, u.a. in Daten zur Erdrotation gefunden. https://www.tagesschau.de/wissen/klima/trockene-boeden-100.html

    1. Of the 10,504 locations reviewed, providers should not have been listed at 33.14% (3,481) of thelocations (2,088 + 1,393, as shown in Table 5) either because the provider did not work at thelocation or because the provider did not accept the plan at the location. In 1,393 of theseinstances, the provider should not have been listed at any of the locations in the directory. Therewere 690 phone numbers that were wrong or disconnected and 364 incorrect addresses. Finally,there were 221 instances in which the provider was found not to be accepting new patients,although the directory indicated that the provider was accepting new patients. Table 5 provides abreakdown of deficiencies identified by CMS during the review process.

      This is a review of Medicare Advantage Plans provider directories. It details multiple failings in these provider directories. NPPES is not directly mentioned, but is likely the source of the various business address problems in the data.

    1. The 2024 Global Carbon Budget projects fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 37.4 billion tonnes, up 0.8% from 2023. Despite the urgent need to cut emissions to slow climate change, the researchers say there is still “no sign” that the world has reached a peak in fossil CO2 emissions. With projected emissions from land-use change (such as deforestation) of 4.2 billion tonnes, total CO2 emissions are projected to be 41.6 billion tonnes in 2024, up from 40.6 billion tonnes last year.
    1. "In Jobson's view, Africans came in multiple colors: tawny [brown-orange], black and 'perfectly black'. Not only were Africans not all one people, they were not yet all black." p. 11

      The collective idea of blackness and the one drop rule hadn't been established nor widely adopted around the world during the 17th and mid-18th century.

    2. "And, in Jobson's estimation, the lighter brown skin of some Africans enhanced their beauty." p. 11

      The pursuit of fairer skin, adjacency to whiteness and what would inevitably become colorism was already in effect as early as the 1600s.

  16. Mar 2025
    1. KoponewtPelicram ❤️ Slug Goblin 3 points4 points5 points 3 hours ago (3 children)Do you know what's the serial number on that? Some manufacturers had special models mostly for export purposes with extra keys. For example Royal 11 is a 10 with extra keys, Underwood No. 46 is a 5/3/6 with extra keys. Remington No. 9 is an 8 with extra keys.

      via https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1jgg4kh/royal_kmm_extra_column_of_keys/miyumvn/

  17. southtexascollege.blackboard.com southtexascollege.blackboard.com
  18. Feb 2025
    1. Überblick über die gegen Klimaschutz und Energiewende gerichteten Maßnahmen der Trump-Regierung (33 vor Mitte Februar). Anders als bei der ersten Amtsübernahme Trumps ist die Administration diesmal bereit, das Verwaltungsrecht zu brechen. Executive Orders betreffen u.a. die Bereitstellung von Land in Bundesbesitz für Öl- und Gasprojekte, Behinderungen von Windenergie-Projekten und einen Stop der Bereitstellung von Ladeinfrastruktur und der Auszahlung von Subventionen für Wärmepumpen und Fotovoltaik an Einkommensschwächere. Ein Tool zum Verfolgen der Maßnahmen ist der Climate Backtracker der Columbia University.

      https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-lede/the-second-trump-administration-takes-aim-at-the-climate

      Climate Backtracker: https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/climate-backtracker

    1. Die Taz zur Kritik deutscher umweltverbändet am gaslieferabkommen mit Katar. Hervorgehoben wird, das Gas bis 20 41 geliefert werden soll, obwohl angeblich schon ab 20 30 eine Umstellung auf grünen Wasserstoff geplant ist das Jahr 2041 steht im Widerspruch zum offiziellen Ziel der Bundesregierung, Deutschland bis 2045 zu dekarbonisieren. Die Bundesregierung verzichtet auf Stellungnahmen und beruft sich darauf dass es sich hier um privatwirtschaftliche Verträge handele.

  19. Jan 2025
    1. Nascimento wrote the music for a stage play by José Vicente de Paula entitled Os convalescentes (“The Convalescent Ones”) in which ‘”San Vicente’ was originally conceived for that play’s portrayal of an unidentified Latin American country under dictatorship, as a stand-in for Brazil during years of heavy censorship.”

      for - music - song - San Vicente - Milton Nascimento - inspiration for the song - stage play about Latin American country under a dictatorship - review Milton Nascimento. Lo Borges - Clube Da Esquina - Classic Music Review - San Vicente - altrochchick - 2021, April 11

    2. “Coração americano” (“American heart”). Those two little words—repeated at various points in the song—reflect not only Brant’s desire to link the darkness that fell over Brazil with the darkness that eventually smothered life in other Latin American countries but also expresses confidence that the Pan-American spirit is real and will survive the cataclysm.

      for - music - song - San Vicente - chorus - Corazon Americano - Milton Nascimento - inspiration for the song - stage play about Latin American country under a dictatorship - review Milton Nascimento. Lo Borges - Clube Da Esquina - Classic Music Review - San Vicente - altrochchick - 2021, April 11

    3. for - music - review Milton Nascimento. Lo Borges - Clube Da Esquina - Classic Music Review - San Vicente - altrochchick - 2021, April 11 - to article - Medium - The truth of San Vicente in the voice of Milton Nascimento Mosaic Institute - Eduardo Campos - 2017, Oct 27 - https://hyp.is/V6DIJMuaEe-hQ1OPLsWsTw/medium.com/instituto-mosaico/a-verdade-de-san-vicente-na-voz-de-milton-nascimento-3ca69d241c53 - from - youtube - music - San Vicente - Milton Nascimento - Live at Montreal Jazz Festival - moving performance - https://hyp.is/oElbPsucEe-nqit3PkZ2Bg/www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0BLHm7uyO0

    1. for - article - Medium - The truth of San Vicente in the voice of Milton Nascimento Mosaic Institute - Eduardo Campos - 2017, Oct 27 - from - music - review Milton Nascimento. Lo Borges - Clube Da Esquina - Classic Music Review - San Vicente - altrochchick - 2021, April 11 - https://hyp.is/krcU1suaEe-s5zcLEaXR3Q/altrockchick.com/2021/04/11/milton-nascimiento-lo-borges-clube-da-esquina-classic-music-review/ - from - youtube - music - San Vicente - Milton Nascimento - Live at Montreal Jazz Festival - moving performance - https://hyp.is/oElbPsucEe-nqit3PkZ2Bg/www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0BLHm7uyO0 - Investigate possibility - Deep Humanity BEing journey - San Vicente - Milton Nascimento

  20. Dec 2024
  21. Nov 2024
  22. drive.google.com drive.google.com
    1. I'm cold.cold?TC: Why don't you put on your shirt?RB: (Silence)TC: It's odd about tattoos. I've talked to several hundred men con'viof homicide-multiple homicide, in most cases. The only comdenominator I could find among them was tattoos. A good eighcent of them were heavily tattooed. Richard Speck. York and La...Smith and Hickock.RB: I'll put on my sweater

      It is interesting for Robert Beausoleil to put on his clothes after Truman Capote’s words.

    1. 2023 wurde mit 55,5 Milliarden Fass Öläquivalent so viel Öl und Gas gefördert wie nie zuvor. 578 Unternehmen arbeiten daran, durch zusätzliche Förderstätten weitere 240 Milliarden Fass zu produzieren, obwohl zur Einhaltung des 1,5 Grad-Ziels keine Förderkapazitäten mehr aufgebaut werden dürfen. Zu den Unternehmen mit den größten Expansionsplänen gehört die an der OMV beteiligte Adnoc. Die Zahlen sind - neben vielen weiteren z.B. zur LNG-Expansion - in der aktualisierten Global Oil & Gas Exit List (Gogel) der NGO Urgewald enthalten https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000244513/weltweite-oel-und-gasfoerderung-erreichte-2023-ein-allzeithoch

    1. Desmond, Matthew. Poverty, by America. 1st ed. New York: Crown, 2023. https://amzn.to/40Aqzlp

      Annotation URL: urn:x-pdf:eefd847a2a1723651d1d863de5153292

      Alternate annotation link: https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?user=chrisaldrich&max=100&exactTagSearch=true&expanded=true&url=urn%3Ax-pdf%3Aeefd847a2a1723651d1d863de5153292

    1. How to Spot Emerging Note Clusters Without Alphanumeric Note Numbering? by [[Ton Zijlstra]] in Interdependent Thoughts

      I recall Bob Doto had a video at some point in which he used the local graph to show relationships to find bunches of notes for potentially writing pieces or articles as indicated in Tons' article.

      One of the biggest issues with digital note taking tools is that they don't make it easy to see and identify chains of notes which might make for articles, chapters, or books.

      Surely there must be some way to calculate neighborhoods of notes from a topological perspective? Perhaps if one imposed a measure on the space to create relative distances of notes?

  23. Oct 2024
  24. Sep 2024
    1. the rest of the country had fully moved on to beating the drums for war and violence, using our city as their pretense. I grew increasingly protective and defensive about New York City, about what it means to those of us who live here, and to this day I have a white-hot resentment of how our town’s grief was used to justify hateful violence without our consent.

      I was at Penn when the news of the first strikes on Afghanistan rolled visibly through the main hall. People fell to their knees, people cried. I didn't know what caused that, until I saw a screen in a sports bar showing the news a minute later. Suddenly there were news crews all over too.

    2. Anyone who says they were here then, and doesn’t mention the smell… well, they’re flat out lying.

      Dash is right here. Smell, and in Enschede's case the shockwave too. The shockwave going through your body was the dividing line between those who were there that day and those who weren't. It was and is a clear tell 24 yrs on.

    3. That was the emotional context, but there was also the visceral, sensory experience of being around those days. The most pervasive part was the acrid, searing smell of electrical fire, from the smoldering rubble pile that would keep burning downtown for the better part of a year. It pervaded everything, and you could be almost anywhere in town and the wind would change and then suddenly the smell would catch you off guard and you’d be crying again.

      When I stood at ground zero a few weeks after, the smell is what made me cry then. It catapulted me suddenly back to the explosions in my home town a year before. That a smell could so abruptly and vividly surface those emotions took me by suprise.

    1. come back to a situation. View it from multiple perspectives. Allow yourself to see something that you wouldn't have seen originally. Ask people how they feel or view it. Get other thoughts and opinions to avoid concluding on one thing without looking at it through someone else's view.

  25. Jul 2024
  26. Jun 2024
    1. The first 9/11, unlike the second, did not change the world. It was “nothing of very great consequence,” Kissinger assured his boss a few days later. And judging by how it figures in conventional history, his words can hardly be faulted, though the survivors may see the matter differently. These events of little consequence were not limited to the military coup that destroyed Chilean democracy and set in motion the horror story that followed. As already discussed, the first 9/11 was just one act in the drama that began in 1962 when Kennedy shifted the mission of the Latin American militaries to “internal security.” The shattering aftermath is also of little consequence, the familiar pattern when history is guarded by responsible intellectuals.
  27. May 2024
    1. Die gesamte Branche der Erneuerbaren Energien befindet sind in einer Krise. Die Kurse der Aktien dieser Unternehmen und der damit verbunden Fonds sind gefallen, während die fossilen Konzerne ihre enormen Gewinne vor allem in die Öl- und Gas-Expansion investieren. Aufgrund der Gaza-Krise steigende Ölpreise könnten diese Trends noch verschlimmern. In der New York Times geht Jeff Sommer trotzdem davon aus, dass Aktienmärkte keine guten Indikatoren langfristiger Trends sind.

      https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/03/business/clean-energy-oil-stocks.html

    1. Ausführliche Berichte thematisieren die großen Hindernisse, die in Frankreich für die just transition zu einem nachhaltigen Leben bestehen. Die Klimakrise wird in allen Schichten als Bedrohung wahrgenommen, aber in den ärmeren Gruppen sieht man viel weniger Handlungsmöglichkeiten. https://www.liberation.fr/idees-et-debats/fin-du-monde-ou-fin-de-mois-quels-sont-les-freins-a-la-conversion-ecologique-des-classes-populaires-20231118_72LRGBQFONDVFJJY26JU5X2JQY/

      Bericht des Wirtschafts-, Sozial- und Umweltrates: https://www.lecese.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/Avis/2023/2023_24_RAEF.pdf

      Bericht des Wirtschaftsinstituts für das Klima: https://www.i4ce.org/publication/transition-est-elle-accessible-a-tous-les-menages-climat/

    1. Unmittelbar vor der COP28 wurde bekannt, dass die Adnoc, die staatliche Ölgesellschaft Abu Dhabis, ein Anbot vorbereitet, um für 11 Mrd. USD die deutsche Firma Wintershall Dea von der BASF zu übernehmen. Die Wintershall Dea hat eine Schlüsselrolle für das Gasgeschäft in Deutschland und Norwegen, u.a. wegen der neuen LNG-Infrastruktur. Chef der Adnoc ist Sultan Al Jaber, der Präsident der COP28. Zum HIntergrund der Nachricht gehören der gemeinsame Ausbau der Petrochemie-Sparte mit Borealis und das Engagement der Adnoc im zukünftigen Wasserstoff- und CCS-Geschäft https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/adnoc-german-oil-deal-has-bad-timing-good-logic-2023-11-28/

    1. 2023 Production Gap Report: Die USA, Russland und Saudi-Arabien planen wie die Mehrheit der 20 am meisten fossile Brennstoffe produzierenden Staaten, 2030 mehr Öl zu fördern als je zuvor. Indien will die Kohleproduktion bis 2030 verdoppeln, Kanada die Öl- und Gasförderung in 25 Jahren um 25% steigern. Brasilien will in 10 Jahren die Ölproduktion um 2/3, die Gasproduktion um 100% steigern. China, Deutschland, Großbritannien und Norwegen wollen die Produktion reduzieren. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/climate/coming-soon-more-oil-gas-and-coal.html

    1. Reclaim Finance zufolge ist 2022/23 die Finanzierung von 437 Öl- und Gasprojekte genehmigt worden. Beteiligt sind 200 Unternehmen in 58 Ländern. Die Projekte widersprechen der Roadmap der IEA zur Klimaneutralität von 2021, in der keine neuen fossilen Projekte vorgesehen sind. Eine Schlüsselrolle haben staatliche Firmen in Öl und Gas produzierenden Staaten. Bei der Zahl der Projekte liegen Russland und Norwegen vorne. Europäische Ölgesellschaften haben eine Reduzierung ihrer (unzureichenden) Dekarbonisierungsziele angekündigt. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/437-nouveaux-projets-petroliers-et-gaziers-quels-sont-les-pays-moteurs-des-energies-fossiles-en-2023-20231130_QRXDTQKM7NBIZGXWUNFQ7QRSWM/

    1. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die COP28 mit dem Emissions Peak für Treibhausgase zusammenfallen könnte. Um das 1,5°-Ziel zu erreichen, müssten allerdings die Emissionen bis 2030 um die Hälfte sinken. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2023/nov/29/cop28-what-could-climate-conference-achieve

    1. Die Pläne der Kohle-, Öl- und gasproduzierenden Staaten zur Ausweitung der Förderung würden 2030 zu 460% mehr Kohle, 83% mehr Gas und 29% mehr Ölproduktion führen, als mit dem Pariser Abkommen vereinbar ist. Der aktuelle Production Gap Report der Vereinten Nationen konzentriert sich auf die 20 stärksten Verschmutzer-Staaten, deren Pläne fast durchgängig in radikalem Widerspruch zum Pariser Abkommen stehen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/08/insanity-petrostates-planning-huge-expansion-of-fossil-fuels-says-un-report

      Report: https://productiongap.org/

    1. Neue Daten der "Global Oil and Gas Exit List" zeigen, dass die Adnoc, die Öl- und Gasgesellschaft der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, die weitreichendsten Expansionspläne aller Ölfirmen hat. Die rolle des Adnoc-Chefs Sultan Al Jaber als Präsident der #COP28 sei "lächerlich". Seit 2021 sind weltweit 140 Milliarden Dollar in die Exploration neuer Öl- und Gasfelder geflossen. 96% der 700 im Explorationsgeschäft tätigen Firmen explorieren weiter, 1000 Firmen arbeiten an neuen Pipelines, LNG Terminals und anderer Infrastruktur zur Distribution von Öl und Gas. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/15/cop28-host-uae-oil-plans-data

    1. ¹¹ For you al-ways have the poor with you, but you will notalways have me.

      Said in the context of his pending crucifixion, with respect to a woman who had poured expensive ointment on Jesus.

      This is an interesting proposition in this passage with respect to lots of what he'd said about the poor in the past. See also the Beatitudes

      relationship to the idea of "Waging war on poverty, but not on the poor"?

  28. Apr 2024
    1. Eine neue Studie beschäftigt sich mit der zunehmenden Frequenz der Aufeinanderfolge extremer Trockenheit und extremer Niederschläge in Pakistan und in vielen afrikanischen Ländern. Ähnliche Phänomene lassen sich in Norditalien feststellen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/nov/14/extreme-drought-in-northern-italy-mirrors-climate-in-ethiopia

      Studie: https://washmatters.wateraid.org/sites/g/files/jkxoof256/files/2022-10/WaterAid%20Africa%20Drought%20work%20Methods%20and%20Full%20Results_CONFIDENTIAL_26_10_22_final%20%281%29.pdf

    1. Aufgrund der Dürren und anderer Extrem-Ereignisse wird die Trinkwasser-Versorgung in vielen Communities im Einzugsgebiet des Mississippi prekär. Der Süden Louisianas wird von eindringendem Salzwasser bedroht, Dabei sind die Folgen der schweren Hurricanes der vergangenen Jahre noch nicht überwunden. Immer mehr Menschen wollen die Gegend verlassen. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/15/us/louisiana-saltwater-climate.html

  29. Mar 2024
    1. Die Europäische Umweltagentur hat ihren ersten Klimarisiko-Bericht veröffentlicht. Von 36 Risiken erfordern 21 sofortiges Handeln, acht mit besonderer Dringlichkeit. Insgesamt sei Europa bei weitem nicht ausreichend auf die Risiken der globalen Erhitzung vorbereitet, die in Südeuropa am bedrohlichsten seien. Europa ist der von der Erhitzung am stärksten betroffene Kontinent. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000211032/eu-muss-sich-auf-katastrophale-folgen-des-klimawandels-vorbereiten

      Bericht: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-climate-risk-assessment

  30. Feb 2024
    1. Interview mit dem OMV-Chef Alfred Stern. Die OMV hat von der Energiekrise durch den Ukraine-Krieg profitiert, setzt internatiional auf Petrochemie im Joint Venture mit der Adnoc und sieht keine Veranlassung, russische Gaslierferungen nach Österreich zu stoppen. (Das österreichische Ministerium für Klimaschutz und Energie hat wegen der Kontrolle der ÖBAG durch das Finanzministerium und der gemeisamen Kontrolle der OMV durch ÖBAG und Adnoc offenbar kaum Einfluss.) https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article248647270/OMV-Chef-Ist-auch-vernuenftig-russisches-Gas-weiterhin-abzunehmen.html