Each wave surveys a fresh sample of respondents rather than tracking the same individuals, so the results reflect population-level changes rather than changes within the same people.
【局限】研究采用独立样本而非追踪同一组受访者，这意味着结果反映的是人群层面的变化而非个体变化。这种方法无法捕捉个人使用习惯的演变，也无法确定用户增长是来自新用户还是现有用户增加使用频率。
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Women’s Work, Housework and Childcare, before and during COVID-19. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13409/
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Poverty and COVID-19 in Developing Countries. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 29, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13297/
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Bulbulia, J., Barlow, F., Davis, D. E., Greaves, L., Highland, B., Houkamau, C., Milfont, T. L., Osborne, D., Piven, S., Shaver, J., Troughton, G., Wilson, M., Yogeeswaran, K., & Sibley, C. G. (2020). National Longitudinal Investigation of COVID-19 Lockdown Distress Clarifies Mechanisms of Mental Health Burden and Relief [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cswde
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Zinn, S., & Gnambs, T. (2020, April 18). Analyzing nonresponse in longitudinal surveys using Bayesian additive regression trees: A nonparametric event history analysis. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/82c3w
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Rosenfeld, D. L., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2020, April 22). Can a Pandemic Make People More Socially Conservative? Longitudinal Evidence from COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zg7s4