Zinn, S., & Gnambs, T. (2020, April 18). Analyzing nonresponse in longitudinal surveys using Bayesian additive regression trees: A nonparametric event history analysis. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/82c3w

Kojaku, S., Hébert-Dufresne, L., & Ahn, Y.-Y. (2020). The effectiveness of contact tracing in heterogeneous networks. ArXiv:2005.02362 [Physics, q-Bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.02362

Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Assessing change in students’ social networks and mental health during the COVID-19 crisis [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ua6tq

Shweta, F., Murugadoss, K., Awasthi, S., Venkatakrishnan, A., Puranik, A., Kang, M., Pickering, B. W., O’Horo, J. C., Bauer, P. R., Razonable, R. R., Vergidis, P., Temesgen, Z., Rizza, S., Mahmood, M., Wilson, W. R., Challener, D., Anand, P., Liebers, M., Doctor, Z., … Badley, A. D. (2020). Augmented Curation of Unstructured Clinical Notes from a Massive EHR System Reveals Specific Phenotypic Signature of Impending COVID-19 Diagnosis [Preprint]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.20067660

Dsouza, D. D., Quadros, S., Hyderabadwala, Z. J., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Aggregated COVID-19 suicide incidences in India: Fear of COVID-19 infection is the prominent causative factor [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7xa4b

Qian’s comments reflected Luckin’s obsessive drive to overtake Starbucks, one of the most successful U.S. companies in China. Starbucks opened its first coffee shop in the country in 1999 and now has 4,300 of them. By the time of its initial public offering, not even two years after its founding, Luckin was more than halfway to matching the market leader.

“We have done what most people do in 15 or 20 years,” Luckin Chief Financial Officer Reinout Schakel told CNBC on the morning of the Nasdaq debut.

China consumes nine times as much tea as coffee, but Qian saw that statistic as an opportunity. According to an account in Xinhua, the official state news service, she was drinking more and more coffee during long hours at her previous job and grew interested in why coffee hadn’t caught on in China as in other countries and why its cost was so high.

Until 2017, neither Qian nor Luckin’s chairman and largest shareholder, Charles Zhengyao Lu, had much to do with coffee shops. Lu studied industrial electric automation at the University of Science and Technology in Beijing and worked for the government in the northern city of Shijiazhuang for three years before getting the business itch. He started and ran a string of companies in information technology, telecommunications and automobile services.

“Entrepreneurship is like a marathon without an end,” he said at an award ceremony for China’s biggest business names in 2016.

His most successful venture at the time was CAR Inc., a car-rental company that had U.S. financing from Hertz and Warburg Pincus, the private equity firm. It listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange in 2014, and within eight months, its stock value had nearly doubled. The boom was short-lived — the share price dropped below its initial offering price by the beginning of 2016 — but by then Lu, along with Hertz and Warburg Pincus, had sold the bulk of their stakes.

When Qian stepped up to the Nasdaq podium on May 17, 2019, Luckin had been in operation for just 20 months. Its $17 a share public offering raised another $645 million, and its underwriters included CICC, Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse.

On January 7, the company said it had more than 4,500 stores, enough to overtake Starbucks in China.

Howard Penney, an analyst for the online financial program Hedgeye Risk Management, summed up the optimism surrounding the company’s story line. On Jan. 15, he said that Starbucks would never be able to compete with Luckin in China, and might as well try to acquire it. Penney called Luckin “the most digitally savvy company in the world.”

Two days later, Luckin’s stock hit its all-time high, just above $51 a share, pushing its market value past $12 billion.

“China is to stock fraud,” he likes to say, “as Silicon Valley is to technology.”

The Climate Corporation is a digital agriculture company that examines weather, soil and field data to help farmers determine potential yield-limiting factors in their fields.

"That first year, in 2011, the Climate Corporation generated $60 million in sales, just from selling weather insurance to farmers. Three years later they were insuring 150 million acres of American farmland—the bulk of the Corn Belt—and teaching the farmers how to farm them more efficiently. Six years after venture capitalists valued David Friedberg’s new company at $6 million, Monsanto bought it for $1.1 billion." The Fifth Risk

Frey, R. (2020, April 26). Psychological drivers of inter- and intraindividual differences in risk perception: A systematic case study on 5G. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7a3kg

Bernheim, A., Mei, X., Huang, M., Yang, Y., Fayad, Z. A., Zhang, N., Diao, K., Lin, B., Zhu, X., Li, K., Li, S., Shan, H., Jacobi, A., & Chung, M. (2020). Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection. Radiology, 200463. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200463

Adams, E. R., Anand, R., Andersson, M. I., Auckland, K., Baillie, J. K., Barnes, E., Bell, J., Berry, T., Bibi, S., Carroll, M., Chinnakannan, S., Clutterbuck, E., Cornall, R. J., Crook, D. W., Silva, T. D., Dejnirattisai, W., Dingle, K. E., Dold, C., Eyre, D. W., … Sanchez, V. (2020). Evaluation of antibody testing for SARS-Cov-2 using ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays. MedRxiv, 2020.04.15.20066407. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.20066407

Beitner, J., Brod, G., Gagl, B., Kraft, D., & Schultze, M. (2020, April 23). Offene Wissenschaft in der Zeit von Covid-19 – Eine Blaupause für die psychologische Forschung?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sh8xg

r/BehSciResearch—Social Licensing of Privacy-Encroaching Policies to Address COVID. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved April 27, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/fq0rvm/social_licensing_of_privacyencroaching_policies/

Cowling, B. J., Ali, S. T., Ng, T. W. Y., Tsang, T. K., Li, J. C. M., Fong, M. W., Liao, Q., Kwan, M. Y., Lee, S. L., Chiu, S. S., Wu, J. T., Wu, P., & Leung, G. M. (2020). Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: An observational study. The Lancet Public Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30090-6

Richardson, S., Hirsch, J. S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J. M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K. W., Barnaby, D. P., Becker, L. B., Chelico, J. D., Cohen, S. L., Cookingham, J., Coppa, K., Diefenbach, M. A., Dominello, A. J., Duer-Hefele, J., Falzon, L., Gitlin, J., Hajizadeh, N., Harvin, T. G., … Zanos, T. P. (2020). Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775

Live map of COVID-19 evidence. (n.d.). Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Retrieved April 23, 2020, from https://www.fhi.no/en/qk/systematic-reviews-hta/map/

Why do viruses jump from animals to humans? Clues to the COVID-19 pandemic | Publishing blog | Royal Society. (n.d.). Retrieved April 23, 2020, from https://blogs.royalsociety.org/publishing/why-do-viruses-jump-from-animals-to-humans-covid/

Abu-Akel, A., Spitz, A., & West, R. (2020, April 9). Who is listening? Spokesperson Effect on Communicating Social and Physical Distancing Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bmzve

Bailey, A., Knobe, J., & Newman, G. (2020). Value-based Essentialism: Essentialist Beliefs About Non-biological Social Groups [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m2eby

r/BehSciResearch - Planned study: The world post COVID-19. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/ftkavp/planned_study_the_world_post_covid19/

Everett, J. A. C., Colombatto, C., Chituc, V., Brady, W. J., & Crockett, M. (2020). The effectiveness of moral messages on public health behavioral intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9yqs8

Online consultations for mental healthcare—Survey. (n.d.). Retrieved April 8, 2020, from https://thomasmore.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9YSaGo4ocyxNjud

Ramelli, S., & Wagner, A. F. (2020). Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19 (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3550274). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550274

Tomova, L., Wang, K., Thompson, T., Matthews, G., Takahashi, A., Tye, K., & Saxe, R. (2020). The need to connect: Acute social isolation causes neural craving responses similar to hunger. BioRxiv, 2020.03.25.006643. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.25.006643

Editor, A. (2020, March 31). UCLA Researchers Use Big Data Expertise to Create a News Media Resource on the COVID-19 Crisis. LA Social Science. https://lasocialscience.ucla.edu/2020/03/31/ucla-researchers-use-big-data-expertise-to-create-a-news-media-resource-on-the-covid-19-crisis/

r/BehSciResearch - Planned study: Inoculating against COVID-19 misinformation. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved April 17, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/futkvx/planned_study_inoculating_against_covid19/

Jarvis, C. I., Zandvoort, K. V., Gimma, A., Prem, K., Group, C. C.-19 working, Klepac, P., Rubin, G. J., & Edmunds, W. J. (2020). Quantifying the impact of physical distance measures on the transmission of COVID-19 in the UK. MedRxiv, 2020.03.31.20049023. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20049023

Webster, R. K., Brooks, S. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). How to improve adherence with quarantine: Rapid review of the evidence. Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.007

Thunstrom, L., Newbold, S., Finnoff, D., Ashworth, M., & Shogren, J. F. (2020). The Benefits and Costs of Using Social Distancing to Flatten the Curve for COVID-19 (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3561934). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561934

Callaway, E. (2020). Should scientists infect healthy people with the coronavirus to test vaccines? Nature, 580(7801), 17–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00927-3

Great strategic investments + avoiding taxes + stiffing supplies with a longer payment cycle = cheaper capital + huge and growing FCF

Free cash flow (yellow line) is a bit like profit, except it doesn’t assume that Amazon has to pay for everything in the same time frame it sells it. And thanks to how Amazon’s payment cycle works, it usually gets money for selling an item long before it has to pay for that item. Last quarter, for example, it took Walmart on average two days to receive payment for goods after it paid its suppliers, while Amazon on average received payment 20 days before it paid its suppliers, according to cash conversion cycle data from the financial research platform Sentieo.

Amazon keeps profit and free cash flows artificially low by investing money right back into its business in the form of capital expenses, like building data centers, upgrading distribution networks, and creating wind and solar farms. It can do so without having to borrow money, which means it won’t incur interest costs.

Quite long but plenty of amazing advice in here from the founders of Looker (acquired by Google)

“My biggest piece of advice to early-stage founders on fundraising is don't try to raise money too early,” says Tabb. “I see so many founders out there trying to raise with just an idea on a slide. We waited almost a year to raise money, until we knew it was a venture business — not every startup is, and you don’t want to get locked in. We were cranking along with customers and revenue. And it wasn’t all nailed down, but we had figured out enough of how go-to-market might work to know that it was workable. That made our seed raise in the summer of 2012 so much easier. If you build value, it takes the fundraising process from how good you are at pitching yourself to a place where you can simply say ‘Ask the people who are using us for their opinion about it.’”

As the investor on the receiving end of that fundraising tactic, Trenchard agrees that it was effective. “When we were deciding whether or not to invest in their seed round, Lloyd sent me a list of 10 customer references — many of them were First Round-backed companies. I talked to each and every one during diligence, and I was blown away. The love they had for the products was off the charts, they would have been very disappointed without it,” says Trenchard.

Learning a new language. “I created LookML to serve as the basis of our platform. It’s an abstraction layer, the sequel to SQL. My thought was that if we could simplify the problems with SQL and evolve the data language, it would be easier to use,” says Tabb. But banking on data analysts learning a new language was anything but a surefire move. “This was a scary one,” says Porterfield. “I remember those early existential questions: ‘Can analysts learn this language? Will they want to?’ Looking back now, it seems more obvious that developer-style tooling and workflows would be embraced. These days, there’s a lot of discussion that any time you can provide tools that increase someone’s leverage, they will adopt them. But that wasn’t clear at the time.”

“For most companies in the data space, pre-sales folks are like plumbers, they're just hooking stuff together. We tried to take a different approach at Looker by asking prospects for a dataset and then putting economics or math majors to work. In the early days, they wore all the hats: They were pre-sales, post-sales, customer support. Eventually, those became separate roles as we scaled,” says Bien.

“In the early days, Margaret had a habit of saying ‘We'll be successful when we have 1,000 true fans.’ That was our driving force — figuring out how to build a fanbase in enterprise software,” says Tabb. “If you make a product that customers love, your customers will love you back. It may seem cheesy, but it was really about love — that’s the emotion we wanted to evoke in our customers. We call customer success our ‘Department of Customer Love.’ We made ‘Love Looker Love’ one of our values. I had early customers tell me that life at their company was now divided into two eras: ‘Before Looker’ and ‘After Looker.’ That’s the reaction we were always chasing,” he says.

“Back in my college days, I was really into the ideas of Robert Greenleaf, who kicked off the concept of servant leadership. Today, as a CEO, that philosophy carries forward — I view myself as a steward,” says Bien. “My role is to remove obstacles for other people and remove ownership for myself.”

They built the brand initially by using targeted Google search ads and marketing on Facebook; they eschewed television adverts, which they could not afford anyway. But the most important channel for building the brand was Instagram, the photo-sharing app. Halo Top gave free samples to thousands of “influencers” — athletes, gym trainers and healthy-living gurus — with a critical mass of followers the company thought might like the product. “We were constantly reaching out to people to try to get the word out about Halo Top,” explains Bouton.

A viral news story in early 2016 was a catalyst for the brand: a science journalist for GQ magazine ate nothing but Halo Top for 10 days and lost more than 4kg. Sales took off.

An online-only sportswear retailer that targets younger customers, it doubled annual sales this year and last, taking its turnover to about £200m.

PwC will be its strategic adviser to help bring in external funding, which could include either the sale of an equity stake or debt.

The company was founded in 2012 but now employs more than 400 people. It sells to 180 countries from its headquarters in Solihull, competing with brands like Nike and Under Armour.

It has no high street presence and does not use traditional marketing, promoting the brand instead through events and a network of social media health and fitness “influencers” with large numbers of followers.

The company is aiming to raise more than £100m, according to those familiar with the process, but will work with PwC over the next few months to decide what it needs. Until now, the business has funded its expansion from cash flow and has no debt on its balance sheet.

Ben Francis, who founded the company as a student in Birmingham to sell the sort of affordable gym wear he was looking to buy, said it generated about half its sales in the US. He wants to keep the focus on North America for the next stage of its growth.

Brilliant study. Astonishingly, ~500 mcg thyroxine only increased FT3 about 20% in depressed patients. In controls, it nearly doubled FT3 (about 80# increase), Thyroxine doubled total T4 and total T3 in both depressed and controls. That lines up with the FT3 rise in controls, but is still much lower than I'd expect from this dose.

Note that the depressed patients had equal thyroid symptoms before taking thyroxine, so experienced no increase. The pre-treatment depressed patients, treated depressed patients, and treated controls all had an equal number of thyroid symptoms. Thus, only the pre-treatment healthy patients lacked hyperthyroid symptoms. This is interesting because the treatment was 500 mcg thyroxine (average 484 mcg), which you'd expect to cause more symptoms.

This could mean either that the depressed patients had as many symptoms alleviated as they had caused by thyroxine, or that depressed patients simply had lower thyroidergic activity. The latter is supported by the fact that free T3 and free T4 rose 2 or 3 times less in treated depressed patients compared to treated controls (from full text).

It's also possible that the pre-existence of symptoms masked their appearance (in which case increased severity might be expected). I doubt that this is the case. A few symptoms trended toward improvement.

The individual change in REE to a given change in dose varied radically. The dose change was only 50 mcg, which seemed to change TSH about half what they've calculated for 15% REE change. That is to say, it looks like a 50 mcg dose reduction will only raise TSH from 1.0 to 5.0, not to 10.0. This is my personal guesstimate, and will need to be properly calculated from other studies. My point is merely that 50 mcg will not cause the full 15% REE increase. Additionally, the response to 50 mcg may depend on initial TSH.

It looks like TSH changes that remained hyperthyroid (i.e. bellow 1.0) had little effect on REE. This might be because the body is maintaining thyroid status, or that REE is more like an on/off switch. However, this only covers relatively small changes in thyroxine dose.

It is unclear how supraphysiological doses effect REE. It seems likely that the ten times greater dose (500 mcg) used for depression would significantly increase REE.

Note that this was a two week study. It's hard to guess whether greater benefit would occur over longer periods.

This is the same dosage that another study found to be indiscernible from placebo. I suspect a couple things are at play.

The first is that these are treatment-resistant patients, meaning that we already know they are not susceptible to placebo; given that we are effectively comparing combination therapy to SSRIs alone, this means that the SSRI only stage is not experiencing placebo, thus making the therapeutic effect visible by comparison (retrospective comparison, given that there is no control group).

The second is that this is combination therapy. It seems likely that thyroxine is more effective when combined with SSRIs.

Note that this study uses much lower doses than similar studies I've seen, yet had similar results in terms of efficacy rate (roughly 50% responders). I'm not currently certain how the magnitude of effects compares with those studies. Namely, comparing with Pfeiffer et al (350 mcg), Rudas et al (235 mcg) and Bauer et al (482 mcg), and also Bauer et al from 2016 (300 mcg)

This is consistent with the open label data. The dose is also similar. Combining this placebo-controlled trial with the three open-label supraphysiological thyroxine studies that I've seen, that is sufficient for me to conclude efficacy. Namely, combining with Pfeiffer et al (350 mcg), Rudas et al (235 mcg) and Bauer et al (482 mcg)

I would like to see if this study mentions nonresponders. Those three other studies found roughly a 50% response rate. Thus, the effect size in responders may be twice as significant.

This is another study consistent with the 50% remission figure. The dose is also similar: between 235 mcg (Rudas et al) and 482 mcg (Bauer et al).

The first two sentences briefly summarise the scenario; the last sentence of the paragraph highlights the problem -- the topic to be elaborated in the subsequent section.

Thyroxine working in about 50% of patients was also found in Bauer et al. This dose was not quite as high as Bauer, but 235 mcg is still above a full replacement dose.

I'd like to see results on minor depression. However, such studies are unlikely.

This is the highest dose of levothyroxine that I've seen administered. Even treatment for thyroid cancer rarely goes beyond 300 mcg (or even 200 mcg, which is more common).

Note that the high dose was because they were increasing the dose based on symptoms. That is to say, as the thyroid gland produced less thyroid hormone, they increased liothyronine dose to compensate.

If this holds true, I'd expect rapid blood volume expansion from thyroid hormone. I'm also interested in whether thyroid hormone stimulates the production of albumin, given its anabolic properties.

Interesting that the diet group worked better. I'd like to see if it's statistically significantly better than the drug group. It's also worth asking whether sodium was the only important dietary change, or if avoiding sodium caused many other dietary improvements.

Fascinating. Neck circumference suggests that sodium intake may indeed be the significant dietary factor. The recommended diet wasn't even very restricted in sodium.

This implies that T4 and T3 are not identical, but I want to check the study further to see if half-life comes into play. The T3 group could theoretically have higher daily thyroidergic exposure, but maintain TSH because they experience a daily dip. Multiple dosing at least partly solves this issue. Controlled release tablets would be ideal.

The study does not provide enough information to determine whether this is meaningful. It appears to be meaningless. If they had used a crossover design, then this might be useful.

No control group? Being awake for 27 hours will do that. They need to use either no light and/or sleeping subjects as controls..So far I've only read the abstract, so it's possible that they address this further down.

That sounds incredibly high to me. 3000 mg is the absolute maximum intake that could ever be considered 'low' sodium. Under 1500 is usually considered ideal. Would, then, a diet aiming for half the sodium be twice as effective?

Step 1. Get comfortable. Get a pen.

Step 2. Four questions before you read and during. Goal to find answer.

2:26 Q1. What's the point? (Vad diskuteras?)

i.e.: What is the issue or question that drives this book? What area is it in? Why is being written?

2:30 Q2 Why did they bother? (Varför diskuteras det?)

i.e. Motivation. What do they want to you think or believe?

2:49 Q3 What are they trying to prove? (Vad försöker de övertyga dig om?)

i.e. Thesis. What they are trying to convince you to believe, what they are trying to get you to share.

2:55 Q4 How are they trying to prove it? (Hur försöker de övertyga dig om det?)

i.e. Evidence, arguments in favor

Step 3. Interrogate the text.

Detective looking for clues, find answer to the four questions

• Read blurb
• Read inside jacket copy or back cover
• First and last paragraph of the book
• First and last paragraph of each chapter
• First and last paragraph of the section working on for current day/week
• Review what you have found: What should you expect to find when you study this further?

Step 4. Fast read.

Overall movement and architecture of work.

Mark with pen. Draw horizontal line at break in text, e.g. when author says that "Now we are finished with this question."

5:15 Step 5. Slow, careful read.

Go through text paragraph by paragraph, annotate with pen, trying to find answers to the four questions.

Annotate:

• Structural clues: introduction, thesis, outline of the argument
• Write numbers in the margins.
• Mark key passages. Write a descriptive word or two next to each paragraph for future reference. If unable write a question mark and go on.
• Question marks in margin when confused and point out what confuses you (e.g. by circling och underlining words).

7:14 Step 6. Write a short summary.

10 minutes after finished reading. Do not postpone.

In book or on sticky note.

There are two additional types of meals that will be needed to clarify this issue. That is, one with a high-fat high-fiber meal, and another with a low-fiber high-carbohydrate meal. Nonetheless, one could argue that, in practice, carbohydrates correlate with fiber.

In other words, it was isocaloric between the two groups, in that similar subjects were fed similar calories.

We’re excited to announce that The Francis Crick Institute have partnered with our portfolio companies Symplectic and Figshare to enable richer profiles for their researchers and to make it easier for them to publish their papers and data Open Access.

Hello! This article is about the relationship between firearm prevalence (the IV) and the rates of fatal police shootings (the DV). The authors hypothesize that the greater the prevalence of firearms, the grater the rates of fatal police shooting.

This article follows the classical structure of social science research -- abstract, introduction, literature review/theory, research design, findings, and conclusions.

The study suggests that people are willing to self-police to protect their communities and others.

the act of learning

Since my Action Research is based on building relationships with the families from Room 3, I was interested to see the impact of laboratory research vs. home environment research. According to this paragraph, it is hard to get a clear picture of parent-child relationship in either setting due to a number of factors. If I understand it correctly, however the laboratory environment is less optimal to infants, young children and families of lower socio-economic status. Increased anxiety was cited as a contributing factor. I believe that the Hawthorne Effect could contribute to the difference is how parents responded positively to their children in the laboratory versus at home. So far, of the homes I have visited this semester, there is not a significant amount of difference between how the children are interacted with at school, compared to how they are interacted with at home. It will be interesting to see, based on what I've read in this paper, if what I have experienced recently will be evident with all of the families. I also wonder, if age and familiarity are factors? I work with one-year-olds and they have all developed a secure relationship, over time, with me, unlike the people who conducted this research. Any thoughts from others, is greatly appreciated, regarding whether or not you too experience what the article says or what I have experienced.

This struck me as very interesting, as it frames the article as a rejection of accepted criticism of many respected voices in the field. Instead, the author conducts a potential use study of the space for future users, from the perspective of walkability. It is written not for other scholars of the field but for a general audience, New Yorkers in particular.

Concluding appeal and explanation of the author's call to action. Considering the lack of walkability and limited potential use, they suggest a new design that will maximize access. This also has the benefit of altering the public's sense of that the space is exclusive.

Framework for criticism

This is an excellent example of creation without context, particularly use by target populations. Walkability was so poor that it negatively affected the area.

Examples of why this space is not user-friendly and basically unwalkable. Those designing the space did not consider practicalities like access.

His argument is user-orientated, criticizing experts in the field who work separately to build components of a shared urban ecosystem. Each architect was chosen for their fame, not their ability to work as part of a team, and spare little consideration about those who will live, work, and move through the space. Most importantly, the question of fostering community is addressed.

Similar to scholars at the top of their field, these architects place little consideration towards the mass consumption of their work and its context.

Cites two examples of spaces in the city that fail to maximize walkability and reduces user satisfaction/use. Users require mixed-use spaces that promote diverse populations, keeping them from becoming too exclusive and barren during the off hours.

In this peer-reviewed study, two tenth-grade classes were analyzed as they used either a virtual or a real laboratory to accomplish learning tasks. The question raised was whether a real or a virtual laboratory was more conducive to constructivist learning. The study concluded that a real lab is better than a virtual one to trigger constructivist learning. This is of importance to me because I teach adults about software in both virtual and real laboratories, and when I develop content, I try to use the constructivist theory as much as possible as I find it works best for my audience, in addition to making novel content more relatable. Please note: I could not put the annotation on the text because the paper opened in a popup page that does not work with Hypothes.is. 7/10

Design-based research (DBR) tries to connect learning theory and practice. It puts theories to the test and is an important part of siting through which parts of theories work well, contradict each other, or contradict themselves. This page provides several of the characteristics of design-based studies, as well as the needs and issues important to studying learning. 7/10

H1 antihistamines enhance the opioid high in humans. Hospitals sometimes administer antihistamines in combination with opioids. It's not hard to find people online who are using this combination recreationally.

Please share your most important points from this chapter for our collaborative study notes.

Actors (human or otherwise) function together in systems (networks), and those systems must be observed and described rather than "explained": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor%E2%80%93network_theory

The notion that a system should be examined prior to bringing in theories and frameworks is also one held by the qualitative research approach called grounded theory (a theory grounded in observed data).

This is a study begun in the 1970s of African American, interracial, and other minority group children who had been adopted by White families in Minnesota. The 1976 results indicated large IQ boosts (about 12 points) for adopted African American children at age 6, compared to the average IQ for African Americans in general. However, the 1992 report shows that the advantage had faded to about 6 points when the children were aged 17 years. Generally, intelligence experts see this landmark study as supporting both "nature" and "nurture."

Bookmarked as a reminder to get these papers which could be helpful for the participatory design study.

1. negotiated meaning
2. task-based
3. new model. negotiated routines: trigger, indicator, response, and reaction-response SCMC negotiated interaction in lexical acquisition

The results of the paired-groups experimental study proves "are interpreted as being supportive for the interactionist perspective on SLA, especially the importance of attention". The study focuses on the acquisition of lexical meaning through negotiated interaction on NNS-NNS synchronous CMC. Check into Long's Interaction Hypothesis.

The benefits of CMA in language learning: interactionist perspective.

feature of technology with the pedagogy under SLA theory.

Chapelle CA (2006) focus on the theory of interactionist SLA theory

"Researchers have found that cognitive interactionist and sociocultural SLA theories offer a means of interpreting prior research on CALL and suggest a point of departure for designing future studies of CALL activities that are based on human–computer interaction and computer-mediated communication."

Chapelle. C. A 2007. theories expand from interactionist to cognitive interactionist and sociocultural theory cognitive interactionist: Human-computer interaction. sociocultural: CMC (Computer-Mediated Communication)

The Interaction Approach and CMC (Bryan Smith): The Interaction Approach(IA) in second language acquisition studies suggests that there is a link between interaction and learning. This approach focuses on three major components of interaction — exposure (input), production (output), and feedback. Many CALL researchers have adopted this theoretical perspective in exploring the relationship between CMC and instructed second language acquisition, exploiting many of the argued affordances offered by this medium in relation to the key tenets of the IA. This paper will provide a conceptual overview of the IA and explore specifically how CALL researchers have sought to study SLA from this theoretical perspective. We will discuss several methodological hurdles facing researchers engaged in this type of research and will offer some suggested strategies for conducting sound SLA/CALL research from an IA.

the interaction approach overlaps with psycholinguistic approach under the cognitive theory

can such a large study be done?

different brain impairments = different levels of anger?

good solution, but there's sOOO many factors to consider

Akan lebih baik bila dirinci kembali tahapannya, agar terbuka peluang lebih besar bagi pembaca untuk berkontribusi memperkaya artikel ini. Saat ini isu reproducibility merebak luas secara internasional.

Part of an enormous discourse on diets; this one attempting to discredit Campbell's book The China Study

This could be an important experiment to use as a case study.

This is how you study for an exam guys!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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This study shows that teens use drugs for three reasons: BOREDOM: meaning people use drugs because they are bored. EXPERIMENTATION: people use drugs to experiment about it. INSIGHT: it makes teens understand more.

I think this is important because when teens are bored some teens use drugs. I agree and this connects to me because marijuana does make me want to experiment more and actually make me understand or have a argument in things i do. although when boredom strikes it helps motivates more.

This is likely true for any study system. Then comes my question, how do I balance that flexibility with having some sort of overarching direction and plan? I need to be open to be guided by the Spirit (especially since I don't even have a mission president LOL).

Supplemental materials?