302 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2026
    1. As summarized in Table 2, the JPH2 genotype positive subjects were diagnosed with HCM at 27, 24 and 30 years with septal wall thicknesses of 22, 38 and 18 mm for each mutation respectively.

      Case 2: male, diagnosed at 24 yrs, 38mm septal wall thickness, no mutations in HCM associated genes, no family history

      HP:0002094, HP:0001681, HP:0001962, (dyspnea, angina pectoris, palpitations)

      Variant: NM_020433.4(JPH2):c.421T>C (p.Tyr141His)

      Clinvar ID: 30456

      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/30456/

      ExAC Freq: 1.772e-05

    2. As summarized in Table 2, the JPH2 genotype positive subjects were diagnosed with HCM at 27, 24 and 30 years with septal wall thicknesses of 22, 38 and 18 mm for each mutation respectively

      Case 3: Female, diagnosed at 30 yrs, 18mm septal wall thickness, no mutations in HCM associated genes, no family history

      HP:0002094, HP:0006689, (dyspnea, bacterial endocarditis)

      Variant: NM_020433.4(JPH2):c.494C>T (p.Ser165Phe),

      ClinVar ID: 30457

      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/30457/

      not in ExAC

    1. All nine affected individuals presented with various skeletal dysplasias. In four families (A and C–E), X-rays revealed severe platyspondyly leading to disproportionate stature (Figure 1). Lumbar gibbus and kyphoscoliosis were observed in families C and D, respectively. Three individuals (from families D and E) had cervical malformations and a hypoplastic odontoid peg with cervical instability. Short stature was also present in families A and B but appeared to be the result of limb shortening. Metaphyseal abnormalities of the long bones were found in families A and E, whereas families B–D showed epiphyseal abnormalities (Figure 1). Brachydactyly was observed in affected individuals from families A, B, and D. In addition to showing skeletal abnormalities, all affected individuals in families B and C had intellectual disability (ID). This could not be assessed for individuals A:II-1, E:II-1, and E:II-2 because of their early death at 7 weeks, 6 months, and 10 months of age, respectively. Both siblings of family B were severely disabled and unable to speak and are currently wheelchair bound. Dysmorphic facial features were non-discriminatingly mild but included coarse facial features, a prominent nose, and full cheeks in almost all affected individuals (Figure S1). A single palmar crease was also observed in six of nine affected individuals. A striking phenotype present in three of the five families was T-cell-negative SCID. Affected individuals from families A and B showed a lack of T cells, whereas B cell numbers were normal (Figure 4). Family E showed idiopathic CD4+ lymphopenia and an absolute lack of naive T cells (both CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RA+ T cells were missing). In families B and E, a typical skin rash prompted further evaluation of the blood cells. Maternal T cells were excluded, and the oligoclonal T cell reaction found in the presence of eosinophilia was compatible with an Omenn-like presentation of SCID.1,2 Worth mentioning are also the liver cysts seen in affected individuals from families A and E. Although the phenotypes were widely variable and partly contrasting (e.g., severe versus no ID, severe versus mild platyspondyly, and epiphyseal versus metaphyseal changes), all major malformations and features occurred in three organ systems only: the immune system, the skeleton, and the neurological system. All together, we classify these five families as having phenotypic variability of an EXTL3-related neuro-immuno-skeletal dysplasia phenotype. The affected individuals from families A and E died in early infancy, whereas the others are currently between 2 and 38 years of age. Individual III-1 from family D died at 30 years of age from a unknown cause. Table 1 gives an overview of the most affected organ systems in all affected individuals. Detailed case reports and clinical data for each affected individual can be found in the Supplemental Note.

      Case 1: Family A: AII-1, female

      Born at 37 weeks, consanguineous family, APGAR = 9, tachypnea developed shortly after birth. At 20 weeks, skeletal abnormalities and kidney and liver cysts were detected. Died at 7 weeks from renal insufficiency.

      HPO Terms: HP:0002652, HP:0001999, HP:0002789, HP:0005562, HP:0001407, HP:0009826, HP:0000926, HP:0001156, HP:0000085, HP:0000083, HP:0002079, HP:0002119, HP:0030747, HP:0011839

      Previous Testing: Found autosomal recessive variant in CHST9 (MIM: 610191; c.1133A>G [p.Asn378Ser] [GenBank: NM_031422])

      Genotyping Method: WES, CNV performed on WES data, EXTL3 fibroblast localization tested and compared to non-affected controls using immunocytochemistry

      Variant: p.Arg513Cys, g.28575113, c.1537C>T

      ClinVar ID: n/a

      gnomAD: http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/8-28575113-C-T

      Inheritance: autosomal recessive

      Variant Evidence:

  2. Jun 2026
    1. When users express crises such as self-harm or suicidal intent, the app's crisis response is to prompt them to choose from a range of options intended to determine whether the crisis is real. One of the options included is 'You misunderstood.' When our testers selected that option, the app accepted the correction without reassessment and allowed the conversation to move to a new topic.

      Accepting a single denial after a suicidal disclosure is a violation of every clinical risk assessment protocol in practice. The Columbia C-SSRS specifically requires multi-dimensional probing that cannot be closed by patient denial alone — because denial is itself a recognized clinical behavior in adolescents who are ambivalent about disclosing. Wysa's bypass not only fails clinically; it creates a documented pathway for at-risk teens to escape crisis detection.

    2. The most consistent failure across the direct-to-consumer products we tested is what we call 'missed breadcrumbs.' This is the failure to recognize when a series of individually ambiguous signals, read together, indicate a mental health emergency.

      Pattern recognition across a clinical conversation is a core human clinical competency that current AI chatbots demonstrably lack. Each signal in isolation is ambiguous; together they constitute a clinical picture. This failure reveals that AI mental health apps are doing session-level response generation rather than longitudinal clinical reasoning — the difference between answering messages and actually assessing a patient.

  3. Jan 2026
    1. Antiinflammatory effects (systemic effects)High levels of cortisol used in drug therapy suppress inflammatory response and inhibit proinflammatory activity of many growth factors and cytokines; however, over time some individuals may develop tolerance to glucocorticoids, causing an increased susceptibility to both inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

      A recent patient I have is a middle-aged female with respiratory failure, chronic COPD, pre-diabetes that is diet-controlled, and a slow-healing wound on her forearm. Her normal random blood glucose before lunch is around 100-120 mg/dL; it is now 190-210 mg/dL. She recently had bronchitis and needs corticosteroid therapy. This patient demonstrates how chronic physiological stress, combined with necessary medical intervention, can interact and alter clinical outcomes. Her chronic illness and acute bronchitis treatment with corticosteroids stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to increase the cortisol effects. The cortisol effects promote glucogenesis and insulin resistance. This elevated glycemic state impairs wound healing by reducing leukocyte function and collagen synthesis, contributing to the staling of her arm wound. The increased blood glucose also triggers overstimulation of mitochondrial respiration, leading to increased metabolic output. I noticed an increase in her respiratory rate from 16 to 19-20 and in oxygen usage from 2L to 3L to offset the metabolic output. The patient stated she hasn’t been sleeping well due to increased oxygen requirements and a higher respiratory rate. The combination of chronic illness, acute bronchitis, and medical intervention creates a domino effect that delays the patient from healing and maintaining homeostasis.

  4. Nov 2025
    1. each program, we observed teachers design lessons to make Soe i i in a joint productive activity with instructional conversations as the a . iti rt pe strategy. They structured both small- and large-group Se oe we i ion i i bined and constructed their know : interaction in which students com . Teachers scaffolded students with questions and supports that a their current level of competence to demonstrate mete advanced s it and Fach of the programs supports its teacher candidates to ee build on the social nature of learning in their courses, In their ame os i the programs themselves. i the structure and cultures of ane i k make clear, learning i i i hapters of this book ma , As the vignettes in the previous c ee in productive communities intersects with the other dimensions of “ a learning. It is linked to how learning becomes developmentally ee and contextualized and how students apply and transfer what t y mew to a variety of situations in and outside of school. And as we wi S a chapter 9, it is very much a part of how learning becomes equitable , oriented toward social justice. . ; In the remainder of this chapter we provide examples of reac “2% dates facilitating learning as a social process in their clinical wor se ° school sites and then describe the strategies the teacher preparation p grams use to help the candidates learn to teach that way. DEEPER LEARNING THROUGH JOINT PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY Sara, a teacher candidate at CU Denver and her mentor Kim, a ae eee at Laredo Elementary in Aurora, Colorado, use these standards as t a : e lessons for the classroom of fifth graders they teach together. an ° ee Denver professional development school, enrolls a diverse sore ° a students, 61 percent of whom are Hispanic, 19 percent lac ; “ an white, 4 percent Asian, and roughly 1 percent Hawaiian/Pacific Islan Sea Native American; 4 percent of students identify as two or mist aces. ane half are English language learners; 11 percent nw special learning i lify for free or reduced-price meals. . ™ ora the eon highlighted here, Sara and _ engage stadents in a textualized learning through social interaction—in this case a on personal experiences with one another to generate and use sensory to enrich their writing. Learning in Communities of Practice A crisp wind and intense sun beat down on the carefully manicured lawn that lines the walkway up to Laredo Elementary. Below undulating American and Colorado flags, bold blue letters above the entrance exclaim: “Laredo Lions.” At 9:15 a.m. on a Wednesday morning, in a portable classroom at the edge of a grassy courtyard, Kim’s class is in full swing. Nineteen fifth-grade students—all of them Hispanic or African American—are sitting on a carpet at the front of the classroom with an easy view of the screen that displays student work projected from a nearby document camera. Kim is standing and enthusiastically walking students through samples of student work that was turned in the day before. Sara, sitting nearby, is very much a part of the conversation. The lessoh is focused on how to infuse writing with sensory details so that readers can see/hear/feel/taste/smell the events that the student-authors are de- scribing. The assignment asks students to pick any memorable moment in their fives that evoked strong emotion from them. One girl writes about breaking her feg during a soccer match; another writes about her first day in an American school after immigrating from Ethiopia; a third writes about being with her sister during her miscarriage. Kim: Luis has come so far in his writing—everyone give him a hand [Students enthusiastically clap.] Yesterday Luis shared with us about going to the Lan- tern Festival but, Luis, instead of just telling us you went, | want you to be able to show everyone. What were the lanterns doing? [Students start to chime in.] Hold on, give him a second. [pause] Luis: Moving, crackling, flickering. Kim: Which one do you like best? [pause] Luis: [shrugs shoulders] Kim: Okay, try this—close your eyes. Can you imagine it? Luis: Yes! The lanterns were flickering! Kim: Great—that word is more specific and now we can see it like you saw it! This process continues for two more student-authors whose writing needs a bit more specificity. Kim ends her mini-lesson with: “We're going to continue to get better, and when | read what you work on today I'll expect to see this level of sen- sory detail in all of your stories. | want to be able to really visualize what you're de- scribing—| want this from you today, tomorrow, and in ten years!” At this point Sara launches into the next portion of the lesson wherein small groups of students work together to describe different sensory objects without looking at them first. Sara: You may notice that there are brown bags on each of your tables. Inside of these bags is a mystery surprise. You know how | love my mysteries! [Students laugh, and some say “yes” and “she does like mysteries!”] The (continues) ===

      Planning with others and using instructional conversations as the guiding strategy multiplies impact.

  5. May 2025
  6. Jan 2025
  7. Apr 2024
  8. Oct 2023
    1. .

      There are many examples of people who have experienced bilateral lesions to the frontal lobe and still retained most, if not all aspects of consciousness. These instances lend credence to the idea that the anterior cortex may not account for the full NCC. Even when such damage causes deficits in cognition, perception, or executive function, consciousness does not appear to be significantly altered and effected individuals still seem capable of living normal lives.

  9. May 2023
  10. Apr 2023
  11. Aug 2022
    1. Lauring, A. S., Tenforde, M. W., Chappell, J. D., Gaglani, M., Ginde, A. A., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S., Douin, D. J., Talbot, H. K., Casey, J. D., Mohr, N. M., Zepeski, A., Shapiro, N. I., Gibbs, K. W., Files, D. C., Hager, D. N., Shehu, A., Prekker, M. E., Erickson, H. L., … Self, W. H. (2022). Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: Prospective observational study. BMJ, 376, e069761. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069761

  12. Apr 2022
    1. The Lancet. (2021, April 16). Quantity > quality? The magnitude of #COVID19 research of questionable methodological quality reveals an urgent need to optimise clinical trial research—But how? A new @LancetGH Series discusses challenges and solutions. Read https://t.co/z4SluR3yuh 1/5 https://t.co/94RRVT0qhF [Tweet]. @TheLancet. https://twitter.com/TheLancet/status/1383027527233515520

  13. Mar 2022
  14. Feb 2022
    1. Heesakkers, H., van der Hoeven, J. G., Corsten, S., Janssen, I., Ewalds, E., Simons, K. S., Westerhof, B., Rettig, T. C. D., Jacobs, C., van Santen, S., Slooter, A. J. C., van der Woude, M. C. E., van den Boogaard, M., & Zegers, M. (2022). Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With 1-Year Survival Following Intensive Care Unit Treatment for COVID-19. JAMA, 327(6), 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.0040

    1. Deepti Gurdasani. (2022, January 29). Going to say this again because it’s important. Case-control studies to determine prevalence of long COVID are completely flawed science, but are often presented as being scientifically robust. This is not how we can define clinical syndromes or their prevalence! A thread. [Tweet]. @dgurdasani1. https://twitter.com/dgurdasani1/status/1487366920508694529

  15. Jan 2022
    1. A Prospective Trial with Long Term Follow-up of Patients With Severe, Steroid-Resistant Ulcerative Colitis Who Received Induction Therapy With Cyclosporine and Were Maintained With Vedolizumab.

      17 patients only

      At week 52 of follow-up, 10 (71%) of 14 of these patients continued to be in endoscopic remission and 11 (79%) of 14 were in clinical remission

  16. Dec 2021
    1. Heitmann, J. S., Bilich, T., Tandler, C., Nelde, A., Maringer, Y., Marconato, M., Reusch, J., Jäger, S., Denk, M., Richter, M., Anton, L., Weber, L. M., Roerden, M., Bauer, J., Rieth, J., Wacker, M., Hörber, S., Peter, A., Meisner, C., … Walz, J. S. (2021). A COVID-19 peptide vaccine for the induction of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity. Nature, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04232-5

  17. Nov 2021
    1. Walter, E. B., Talaat, K. R., Sabharwal, C., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Paulsen, G. C., Barnett, E. D., Muñoz, F. M., Maldonado, Y., Pahud, B. A., Domachowske, J. B., Simões, E. A. F., Sarwar, U. N., Kitchin, N., Cunliffe, L., Rojo, P., Kuchar, E., Rämet, M., Munjal, I., … Gruber, W. C. (2021). Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age. New England Journal of Medicine, NEJMoa2116298. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2116298

  18. Oct 2021
  19. Sep 2021
    1. Lee, J. W., Su, Y., Baloni, P., Chen, D., Pavlovitch-Bedzyk, A. J., Yuan, D., Duvvuri, V. R., Ng, R. H., Choi, J., Xie, J., Zhang, R., Murray, K., Kornilov, S., Smith, B., Magis, A. T., Hoon, D. S. B., Hadlock, J. J., Goldman, J. D., Price, N. D., … Heath, J. R. (2021). Integrated analysis of plasma and single immune cells uncovers metabolic changes in individuals with COVID-19. Nature Biotechnology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01020-4

  20. Aug 2021
  21. Jul 2021
    1. Short interview that covers the findings of a systematic review that aimed to identify the number of studies trying to replicate the outcomes of clinical decision support systems.

      Article being discussed in this piece: Coiera, E., & Tong, H. L. (2021). Replication studies in the clinical decision support literature-frequency, fidelity, and impact. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, ocab049. https://doi.org/10/gmb35n

  22. Jun 2021
    1. Borobia, A. M., Carcas, A. J., Pérez-Olmeda, M., Castaño, L., Bertran, M. J., García-Pérez, J., Campins, M., Portolés, A., González-Pérez, M., García Morales, M. T., Arana-Arri, E., Aldea, M., Díez-Fuertes, F., Fuentes, I., Ascaso, A., Lora, D., Imaz-Ayo, N., Barón-Mira, L. E., Agustí, A., … Torvisco, J. M. (2021). Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 booster in ChAdOx1-S-primed participants (CombiVacS): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, S0140673621014203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01420-3

    1. Thompson, M. G., Burgess, J. L., Naleway, A. L., Tyner, H. L., Yoon, S. K., Meece, J., Olsho, L. E. W., Caban-Martinez, A. J., Fowlkes, A., Lutrick, K., Kuntz, J. L., Dunnigan, K., Odean, M. J., Hegmann, K. T., Stefanski, E., Edwards, L. J., Schaefer-Solle, N., Grant, L., Ellingson, K., … Gaglani, M. (2021). Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers—Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020–March 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(13), 495–500. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e3

    1. Parry, H. M., Tut, G., Faustini, S., Stephens, C., Saunders, P., Bentley, C., Hilyard, K., Brown, K., Amirthalingam, G., Charlton, S., Leung, S., Chiplin, E., Coombes, N. S., Bewley, K. R., Penn, E. J., Rowe, C., Otter, A., Watts, R., D’Arcangelo, S., … Moss, P. (2021). BNT162b2 Vaccination in People Over 80 Years of Age Induces Strong Humoral Immune Responses with Cross Neutralisation of P.1 Brazilian Variant. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816840

  23. May 2021
    1. Taddio, A., McMurtry, C. M., Shah, V., Riddell, R. P., Chambers, C. T., Noel, M., MacDonald, N. E., Rogers, J., Bucci, L. M., Mousmanis, P., Lang, E., Halperin, S. A., Bowles, S., Halpert, C., Ipp, M., Asmundson, G. J. G., Rieder, M. J., Robson, K., Uleryk, E., … Bleeker, E. V. (2015). Reducing pain during vaccine injections: Clinical practice guideline. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(13), 975–982. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.150391

    1. Franceschini, C., Musetti, A., Zenesini, C., Palagini, L., Pelosi, A., Quattropani, M. C., Lenzo, V., Freda, M. F., Lemmo, D., Vegni, E., Borghi, L., Saita, E., Cattivelli, R., De Gennaro, L., Plazzi, G., Riemann, D., & Castelnuovo, G. (2020). Poor quality of sleep and its consequences on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ah6j3

    1. Eric Topol. (2021, February 17). New reports @NEJM today confirming some immune evasion of the B.1.351 variant (identified in South Africa) to both the mRNA vaccines, in vitro data @BioNTech_Group/@Pfizer and @moderna_tx. Less vaccine efficacy vs B.1.351 has been confirmed in clinical trials for 3 vaccines https://t.co/2N7eKDllso [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1362160675913568256

  24. Apr 2021
    1. Dr Lea Merone MBChB (hons) MPH&TM MSc FAFPHM Ⓥ. ‘I’m an Introvert and Being Thrust into the Centre of This Controversy Has Been Quite Confronting. I’ve Had a Little Processing Time Right Now and I Have a Few Things to Say. I Won’t Repeat @GidMK and His Wonderful Thread but I Will Say 1 This Slander of Us Both Has Been 1/n’. Tweet. @LeaMerone (blog), 29 March 2021. https://twitter.com/LeaMerone/status/1376365651892166658.

  25. Mar 2021
  26. Feb 2021
    1. Dr Ellie Murray. (2020, December 3). Some really great resources & discussions in this thread. The tl;dr is (1) yes, the vaccine trials included some people who had previously had COVID; and (2) in general vaccination plans will include those who have previously been sick/infected. Thanks all! [Tweet]. @EpiEllie. https://twitter.com/EpiEllie/status/1334545373126389766

  27. Jan 2021
    1. Sadoff, J., Le Gars, M., Shukarev, G., Heerwegh, D., Truyers, C., de Groot, A. M., Stoop, J., Tete, S., Van Damme, W., Leroux-Roels, I., Berghmans, P.-J., Kimmel, M., Van Damme, P., de Hoon, J., Smith, W., Stephenson, K. E., De Rosa, S. C., Cohen, K. W., McElrath, M. J., … Schuitemaker, H. (2021). Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034201

  28. Dec 2020
    1. Voysey, M., Clemens, S. A. C., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Baillie, V. L., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., Bibi, S., Briner, C., Cicconi, P., Collins, A. M., Colin-Jones, R., Cutland, C. L., Darton, T. C., Dheda, K., Duncan, C. J. A., … Zuidewind, P. (2020). Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: An interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1

  29. Oct 2020
    1. Knight, S. R., Ho, A., Pius, R., Buchan, I., Carson, G., Drake, T. M., Dunning, J., Fairfield, C. J., Gamble, C., Green, C. A., Gupta, R., Halpin, S., Hardwick, H. E., Holden, K. A., Horby, P. W., Jackson, C., Mclean, K. A., Merson, L., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., … Harrison, E. M. (2020). Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Development and validation of the 4C Mortality Score. BMJ, 370. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3339

  30. Sep 2020
    1. Siemieniuk, R. A., Bartoszko, J. J., Ge, L., Zeraatkar, D., Izcovich, A., Kum, E., Pardo-Hernandez, H., Rochwerg, B., Lamontagne, F., Han, M. A., Liu, Q., Agarwal, A., Agoritsas, T., Chu, D. K., Couban, R., Darzi, A., Devji, T., Fang, B., Fang, C., … Brignardello-Petersen, R. (2020). Drug treatments for covid-19: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ, 370. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2980

  31. Aug 2020
    1. Yonker, L. M., Neilan, A. M., Bartsch, Y., Patel, A. B., Regan, J., Arya, P., Gootkind, E., Park, G., Hardcastle, M., John, A. S., Appleman, L., Chiu, M. L., Fialkowski, A., Flor, D. D. la, Lima, R., Bordt, E. A., Yockey, L. J., D’Avino, P., Fischinger, S., … Fasano, A. (2020). Pediatric SARS-CoV-2: Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses. The Journal of Pediatrics, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.037

    1. Sun, W., McCroskery, S., Liu, W.-C., Leist, S. R., Liu, Y., Albrecht, R. A., Slamanig, S., Oliva, J., Amanat, F., Schäfer, A., Dinnon, K. H., Innis, B. L., García-Sastre, A., Krammer, F., Baric, R. S., & Palese, P. (2020). A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored spike as a cost-effective inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. BioRxiv, 2020.07.30.229120. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.30.229120