i like this definition a lot

humor as a coping mechanism on uncontrollable situations would be hedonistic disengagement because we have no control over the situation nor can we anticipate what's gonna happen next

hedonistic disengagement - avoidance and composure?

humor is an independent coping strategy

interesting. would humor then work on situations that are predictable or congruous?

"Developmentally, laughter is one of the first social vocalizations (after crying) emitted by human infants (McGhee, 1979)."

pg.2

"Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind." - Elwin B. White (A Subtreasury of American Humor)

pg.2

"Infants begin to laugh in response to the actions of other people in about 4 months of age, and cases of gelastic (i.e., laughter-producing) epilepsy in newborns indicate that the brain mechanisms for laughter are already present at birth (Sher & Brown, 1976)."

laughter is essentially a response

pg.2

"Humor is a broad, multifaceted term that represents anything that people say or do that others perceive as funny and tends to make them laugh, as well as the mental processes that go into both creating and perceiving such an amusing stimulus, and also the emotional response of mirth involved in the enjoyment of it."

pg.2

"It is important to recognize that humor is fundamentally a social phenomenon; other people provide the context in which we experience humor...humor occurs in nearly every type of interpersonal relationship. We laugh and joke much more frequently when we are with other people than when we are by ourselves (R. A. Martin & Kuiper, 1999); Provine & Fischer, 1989). People do occassionally laugh when they are alone, such as while watching a comedy show on televion, reading a humorous book, or remembering a funny personal experience. However, these instances of laughter are still "social" in that they involve the imagined or implied presence of other people (Allport, 1954). One is still responding to people as characters in the television program or the book, or reliving in memory an event that involved other people. Humor essentially is a way for people to interact in a playful manner."

pg.2

"humor is play...Therefore, no definition of humor, no theory of wit, no explanation of comic laughter, will ever stand up, which is not based upon the distinction between playful and serious." (p.15; Max Eastman (1936).

pg.3

"humor involves an idea, image, text or event that is in some sense incongruous, odd, unusual, unexpected, surprising, or out-of-the-ordinary. In addition, the humor stimulus must be accompanied by cues that signal us to appraise the stimulus in a playful, nonserious, nonliteral frame of mind in which people temporarily abandon rules of logic and expectations of common sense and congruity (e.g. Apter, 1982, Berlyne, 1972; Cohen, 1999; Cundall, 2007; McGhee, 192; Morreall, 1987; Mulkay, 1988).

pg.4

"...the ability to enjoy humor and express it through laughter seems to be an essential part of human experience."

problem-focused approach is the most beneficial coping mechanism

interesting

people with humor as coping mechanism seem to by emotion focused

reactive coping - focused on the reaction of a specific stressor; better in variable environment proactive coping - focused on neutralizing future stressors; less reactive to stressors

do people with humor as coping mechanism reactive or proactive?

our coping styles are consistent from a set of consistent or stable traits

coping - conscious and voluntary defense - subconscious or unconscious adaptive

• for: transition - emotional pain of, degrowth - emotional pain of, Kristina Bogner

• title: Coping with transition pain: An emotions perspective on phase-outs in sustainability transitions

• author
  • Kristina Bogner
  • Barbara Kump
  • Mayte Beekman
  • Julia Wittmayer

• date

• HIGHLIGHTS

  • introduce the idea of transition pain in transition-in-the-making
  • explain how emotions in transitions are
    • process-dependent,
    • culturally and socially embedded and
    • political
  • suggest a 'coping with transition pain' perspective for more integrated engagements with phase-outs

• ABSTRACT

  • With this perspective paper, we aim to raise awareness of and offer starting points for studying the role of emotions and associated behavioural responses to losses in relation to phase-outs.
  • We start from a psychological perspective and explain how
    • losses due to phasing out dominant
      • practices,
      • structures, and
      • cultures
    • may threaten core psychological needs and lead to - what we introduce as - ‘transition pain’.
  • We borrow insights from the psychological coping literature to explain that different forms of transition pain may elicit characteristic coping responses (e.g.
    • opposition,
    • escape,
    • negotiation),
  • shaping
    • individual meaning-making and
    • behaviour
  • in ongoing sustainability transitions.
  • We then expand this psychological lens and present three additional perspectives, namely, that transition pain is
    • (1) dynamic and process-dependent,
    • (2) collectively shared and socially conditioned, and
    • (3) political.
  • We discuss how a ‘coping with transition pain’ lens can contribute to a better understanding of
    • individual and collective meaning-making,
    • behaviour and agency in transitions as well as
    • a more emotion-sensitive governance of phase-outs.

• SUMMARY

  • It's good to have knowledge about the emotional aspects of transition as these challenging emotions constitute obstacles to transition.
  • It is really a letting go process. High density fossil fuels has created a high energy lifestyle that we have become use to. When we no longer have access to high energy density fossil fuels, our life has to change quite radically.
  • We are like a spoiled child that must now contend with the loss of what we took for granted. The politics of libertariansim is based on protecting our right to a high energy density lifestyle.
  • We need to now how to deal with this loss, as it is very profound

!- applies to : climate change - many are adopting and trying to take a coping strategy instead of one of fundamental change - if coping is the only strategy, it becomes a failing one when whole system change is required

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he studied middle-aged individuals who on average were about 45 years of age. He brought them to the lab six months after their partner had died in their lives.