- Sep 2024
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github.com github.com
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Such gems like Memoist override methods. So, if you want to memoize a method in a child class with the same named memoized method in a parent class — you have to use something like awkward identifier: argument. This gem allows you to just memoize methods when you want to.
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- Jun 2024
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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Résumé de la vidéo [00:00:00][^1^][1] - [00:27:18][^2^][2]:
Cette vidéo présente une conférence sur l'éducation et l'évaluation des performances en mathématiques, en se concentrant sur les Olympiades de mathématiques et l'impact de la participation à ces compétitions sur les carrières scientifiques futures. Les intervenants discutent de la sélection et de la préparation des participants, ainsi que des disparités sociales et de genre dans l'accès à ces compétitions.
Points forts: + [00:00:30][^3^][3] Introduction de la conférence * Présentation des intervenants et du sujet * Importance des réactions suscitées par les interventions précédentes * Annonce du thème des Olympiades de mathématiques + [00:01:10][^4^][4] Parcours académique et recherche * Présentation du parcours académique de Colomb Sayar * Objectifs de sa thèse sur l'éducation en mathématiques * Rôle des concours périscolaires dans la démocratisation de la discipline + [00:03:01][^5^][5] Les Olympiades internationales de mathématiques * Présentation des Olympiades et de leur fonctionnement * Discussion sur la sous-représentation des filles dans les compétitions * Impact de la participation sur la formation et le choix de carrière en mathématiques + [00:09:01][^6^][6] Histoire et évolution des Olympiades * Croissance du nombre de participants et de pays au fil des années * Analyse des trajectoires de réussite de différentes équipes nationales * Stratégies de recrutement et de préparation des participants + [00:15:59][^7^][7] Ancienneté et réutilisation des candidats * Étude de l'ancienneté des participants et de leur réutilisation par les équipes nationales * Analyse des gains individuels liés à la participation multiple * Absence de corrélation entre la réutilisation des candidats et le succès de l'équipe + [00:26:55][^8^][8] Le cas spécifique de la France * Histoire des procédures de sélection et de préparation de l'équipe française * Transition d'un modèle de détection de talent à un modèle de développement de potentiel * Rôle des enseignants dans l'accès à la participation aux Olympiades
Résumé de la vidéo [00:27:21][^1^][1] - [00:43:36][^2^][2] : Cette vidéo présente une analyse détaillée des méthodes de sélection et de préparation des participants français aux Olympiades internationales de mathématiques. Elle examine l'évolution des pratiques depuis les années 90, soulignant l'importance de l'équité et de l'efficacité dans le recrutement et la formation des candidats. L'intervenant discute également du rôle des enseignants et des changements institutionnels qui ont influencé les performances de la France dans ces compétitions.
Points saillants: + [00:27:21][^3^][3] Les débuts de la sélection * Sélection initiale très individualisée et peu formalisée * Recrutement restreint à des élèves spécifiques du lycée Louis Legrand * Préparation rudimentaire pour les Olympiades + [00:29:39][^4^][4] Chute des performances * Diminution significative des scores moyens des participants français dans les années 90 * Changement des critères de sélection et d'envoi des participants + [00:32:00][^5^][5] Création de l'association Animath * Réponse à la baisse des performances et mobilisation de la communauté mathématique * Formalisation et institutionnalisation des procédures de sélection et de préparation + [00:37:01][^6^][6] Impact de la préparation sur la scolarité * Recrutement de plus en plus précoce des participants potentiels * Interaction entre la préparation aux Olympiades et la scolarité des élèves + [00:39:46][^7^][7] Disparités dans le recrutement * Disparités observées dès les premières étapes de la Coupe Animath * Importance de l'information et de la préparation par les enseignants + [00:42:24][^8^][8] Amélioration des procédures * Nécessité de mieux doter les enseignants en ressources pour préparer les élèves * Questionnement sur l'évolution de l'association Animath pour une meilleure efficacité et équité
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- Dec 2023
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willruddick.substack.com willruddick.substack.com
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we as a society do…. Stuff to get money
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for: money - enabling transaction with strangers, adjacency - money - othering
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adjacency between
- money
- othering
- competition
- sacred
- adjacency statement
- in exchange for MY labour, I have access to the fruits of others
- how much money your can get used how much resource produced by others you can get
- we accumulate money for ourselves and don't share much with others
- othering is built into the use of money ,- the artificial scarcity of money puts us all in competition with each other for a scarce resource
- competition is othering
- by default, the economic game is about grabbing the most resources for self
- hence it is facing a direction AWAY from the sacred
- it intrinsically does not treat all others a equally sacred
- it promotes an every-person-for themselves attitude
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- Nov 2023
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Many producers say they will be the ones to keep producing throughout transitions and beyond. They cannot all be right.
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for: stats - oil and gas industry - fight for survival
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stats: oil and gas industry - fight for survival
- competing oil producers will have to reach an agreement on who has the right to produce the remaining carbon budget
- 24 million barrels a day are still produced in a 1.5 Deg C scenario but are largely uncombusted
- 75 % of that will be used in petrochemical and other industry
- 920 billion cubic meters of natural gas
- 50% of this for hydrogen production
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- Jun 2023
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twitter.com twitter.com
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The question is Do you know what your superpower is? The combination of skills and abilities that's unique to you
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Basically, you must be unique. You can't compete when you learn exactly the same as everyone else. The education system sets up to fail and makes you a modern slave.
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- Apr 2023
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beiner.substack.com beiner.substack.com
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If there’s a force that’s driving us toward greater complexity, there seems to be an opposing force, a force of destruction that uses competition for ill. The way I see it, Moloch is the god of unhealthy competition, of negative sum games.
Quotation - If there's a force that's driving us toward greater complexity - there seems to be an opposing force, - a force of destruction that uses competition for ill. - The way I see it, - Moloch is the god of unhealthy competition, of negative sum games
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theodora.com theodora.com
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Why do we devalue education? Is it such a commodity now that its transmission value is worth pennies on the dollar?
Is Government requirement and support for education part of what causes the devaluation of the "educational market"? If so, how would one decouple this process to increase the wages of educators? Is a capitalistic version the best way to go, or is it better to socialize it further and inject more money into it versus other choices?
Major nationwide strike forming minimum wage with variances for local consumer indices and city/state costs of living? Something which would drive competition for child care and teaching spaces? Wages that would push up the social value of education? Create a market for competition for teachers at the local level as well as between areas?
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- Jan 2023
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thebaffler.com thebaffler.com
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Spencer, in turn, was struck by how much the forces driving natural selection in On the Origin of Species jibed with his own laissez-faire economic theories. Competition over resources, rational calculation of advantage, and the gradual extinction of the weak were taken to be the prime directives of the universe.
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- Dec 2022
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postmarkapp.com postmarkapp.com
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With Mailgun, you'll need to upgrade to a dedicated IP or "managed email service" and pay extra for "better deliverability." At Postmark, great deliverability isn't an up-charge. It's simply included, and we share live delivery data so you can judge for yourself.
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- Nov 2022
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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competition relies upon universal quantification and comparison. The result is that workers, job-seekers and public services of every kind are subject to a pettifogging, stifling regime of assessment and monitoring, designed to identify the winners and punish the losers.
This cultural entrenchment infects may other areas of activity, including education practice, where a gospel of competeition undermines the core ethos of practice to turn a core function of human culture and civilization into a winnowing process assuring maintainence of privilege.
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github.com github.com
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As simple as Puppeteer, though even simpler.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>3/ Champion your competition’s work<br><br>With his reading list email, on podcasts, in his bookstore, Ryan promotes other books more than his own.<br><br>When asked, he’ll say:<br><br>“Authors think they’re competing with other authors. They’re not. They’re competing with people not reading.”
— Billy Oppenheimer (@bpoppenheimer) August 24, 2022
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Tini differentiates with:
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Finally, do note that there are alternatives to Tini (like Phusion's base image).
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- Oct 2022
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@route @twalpole as a community I think we're super grateful for your work on a CDP alternative to chromedriver/selenium, poltergeist etc. I do think collaboration could be very valuable though, although it would likely mean abandoning one of the projects and teaming up on the other, you both obviously have very deep knowledge of CDP and therefore would get a load more done than any of us "end users" trying to wade in there. The status for us on our Rails project is that Apparition fails with a ton of errors, they all seem related to handling timing events (accept_prompt doesn't work, opening new windows seems problematic etc etc etc) whereas Cuprite only rails with a cookie gem we're using (easy fixed) and doesn't support drag_to yet. So to me Cuprite seems more complete, but I don't know much about the internals.
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As both projects are written by 2 different people independently there's huge difference in the code. I don't think I have time or wish to merge them because it's huge amount of work. The common thing between them is only CDP that's all. Though Cuprite is already stable and supports all features that Capybara requires, we run tests and do many cools things with it in production.
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As a history mark, when back then I asked Thomas if he started to work on CDP, he said yes but never finished it, so I started this project from scratch which by now feels completed. After releasing it I only yesterday realized that he open-sourced his project and keeps working on it. I think it just feels hard to throw everything you have written to trash, but I wasn't proposed at the beginning to work together on common project and this is the reason Cuprite had began. Though since this project is completed I see no sense to work on something else especially for me, the only difference would be in Ruby implementation which is boring as you can do things in a different manner and CDP has issues too so the difference could be only how we workaround them.
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And yeah, you two should probably gang up :)
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what is the difference? and why do you write it from scratch?
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Haven't really looked through your code, so not sure what the difference is - I would guess not too much. I told you about my version when we were discussing the issues you were having on cuprite -- It was 70+ percent done so I released it and finished up most of the rest. I guess one difference is that you appear to be aiming at bleeding edge Chromium, whereas I'm more focused on things working on Chrome release since I think that's more important for people to test with (no customer is going to be running Chromium alpha).
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I also was surprised to see 2 "kind of similar" new drivers both targeting CDP I wonder if joining forces ultimately would be a good idea?
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- Sep 2022
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Local file Local file
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As the financial system went global [in the 1980s], so competitionbetween financial centres – chiefly London and New York – took itscoercive toll . . . if the regulatory regime in London was less strict thanthat of the US, then the branches [of international banks] in the City ofLondon got the business rather than Wall Street. As lucrative businessnaturally flowed to wherever the regulatory regime was laxest, so thepolitical pressure on the regulators to look the other way mounted.3
!- example : DGC - 2008 financial crisis included competition between London and New York
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The vicious circle of Destructive Global Competition (DGC) had gotgoing to such a point that it became self-sustaining. Once multinationalcorporations and global investors gained the ability to move capital andthousands of jobs seamlessly across national borders, the genie was outof the bottle and the vicious circle was set in train. Without realizing itgovernments were then caught in the endless pursuit of their ‘internationalcompetitiveness’ – caught in the game of forever outcompeting each otherat cutting taxes and regulations in a bid to retain jobs and inward invest-ment. From then on DGC drew politicians and governments into itsdestructive vortex, and it is now running beyond anyone’s control.
!- description : destructive global competition
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Fail to stay competitive and you will lose out in ‘the global race’.9And the threat works. Competition and competitiveness have becomeas unquestionable in the modern world as God, His angels and the Devilwere in the medieval. Fear of damnation in the future is ubiquitous. Todaygovernment leaders universally see it as their duty to pursue their nation’sinternational competiveness as unrelentingly as the defence of the realmand far more enthusiastically than regulating business or collecting taxes.But if competition is really so beneficial, why do global problems seemto be getting worse rather than better? If the markets in which we’re allembedded are competitions, and if competition only produces benefits, asneoliberal ideology insists, you’d have thought that its ‘staggering powerto make things better’ would, by now, have caused many of our problemsto disappear.Clearly, something doesn’t quite stack up.
!- relationship : competition and fear of the other - the other is unknown but is in competition with you - everyone is driven by the same fear of the other
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tighter regulations and highercorporate taxes increase costs and make firms and nations less competitive.
!- tragedy of the commons : DSG example - A Deep Humanity analysis can add insight to unpack the problem - When I read this sentence, it triggers the following words to emerge from my salience landscape: - self / other dualism - different levels of othering - at each level, the self is competing to maximize sales - the other is alien, nebulous, unknown and this helps reinforce competition and not caring for the other, dominating the other - in ALL cases, each self-centered business entity views regulations as reducing competitive price advantage - this view is myopic because it does not consider the bigger picture of how the production is impacting nature and people - the normal view is habitually NOT a circular WEconomy view - manufacturing products that create environmental externalities present in the manufacturing process, in its usage and end of life is based on an assumption of negligible impact on nature. Total net impacts were far from planetary boundaries. - however, due to the exponential increase in the scale of production due to population pressures, this assumption has become obsolete a long time ago - Producers of products that continue environmental damage are enabled by current policies so will not change on their own because they all need the short term benefits the jobs provide - as an example, the fossil fuel industry and its millions of direct employees are knowingly destroying the life support system of the planet - when externalization exists, it is a policy reflecting collective disconnection from nature because it we are deeply connected to nature and externalization on this scale destroys our life support system - regulations are constraints that are needed for our own good. Instead of seeing it as anti-competition, the bigger picture is that it is pro-civilization - when each business looks out for itself for its own wellbeing and competing against others within an externalizing economic system, a tragedy of the commons occurs
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This blindness, we explain, isbecause society as a whole only sees competition’s constructive side, whilewe expose its hidden destructive side.
!- example : progress trap - Destructive Global Competition is the unintended consequence of Constructive Global Competition
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rbspy.github.io rbspy.github.io
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So when should you use rbspy, and when should you use stackprof? The two tools are actually used in pretty different ways! rbspy is a command line tool (rbspy record --pid YOUR_PID), and StackProf is a library that you can include in your Ruby program and use to profile a given section of code.
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kids-in-mind.com kids-in-mind.com
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Right now without your help, without support from loyal readers, we will not be able to continue publishing. Since Google has decided to dominate online advertising and destroyed small ad agencies, ad rates for independent sites have diminished to a trickle. Please ask yourself: Have we helped you choose movies that are appropriate for your family? Then make sure we continue publishing by becoming a sustaining member for as little as $1 a month -- that's the price of a small coffee, only once a month. It's up to you.
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- Aug 2022
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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Dixon, B. C., Fischer, R. S. B., Zhao, H., O’Neal, C. S., Clugston, J. R., & Gibbs, S. G. (2021). Contact and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among College Football Athletes in the Southeastern Conference During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open, 4(10), e2135566. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35566
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In the mercantile world, the energy- and time consuming note book process has been replacedwith a file card system because competition forces them to save time and energy.
note the evolution here based on competition from practices in another field (accounting)
What was his experience within accounting and these traditions?
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competes with them all but it actually does all the things the petals do in one tool
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tomtunguz.com tomtunguz.com
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While the petal diagram is a great way of describing an ecosystem or a go-to-market strategy, I don’t think it’s a great way to show a competitive landscape because petal diagrams don’t communicate the startup’s unique way of competing in the market
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.venturekit.com www.venturekit.com
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a petal competition slide, pioneered by Steve Blank. It’s intended for companies creating a new market.
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mediatech.ventures mediatech.ventures
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You're innovating, uncovering a different business model, or converging sectors that used to be distinct. Our traditional competition slides are fantastic ways to represent known and familiar considerations but they still lack a means of communicating how you might be doing something that crosses existing markets
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Gartner creates incredibly value reports (that you should look through related to what you're doing), but they're not likely ideal for startups
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www.storypitchdecks.com www.storypitchdecks.com
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Founders often over-estimate their startup’s value and downplay their competitors in the market
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www.dreamit.com www.dreamit.com
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when an investor sees a Magic Quadrant, they'll think:Can your company actually only differentiate its product on two axes? Does your product beat the competition on just two key benefits or strategies?If that's the case, and your product isn't much different from your competitors, why will people buy it or use it?
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cristianmunteanu.medium.com cristianmunteanu.medium.com
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this slide actually tells us more about the startup itself, rather than the competition
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theinformed.life theinformed.life
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increase their ability to excel, but also it would increase the quality of the commons
skill vs social practice leading to increase of the quality of the commons. Personal relative advancement in current sitrep and/or lifting the entire floor.
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- Jul 2022
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bafybeibbaxootewsjtggkv7vpuu5yluatzsk6l7x5yzmko6rivxzh6qna4.ipfs.dweb.link bafybeibbaxootewsjtggkv7vpuu5yluatzsk6l7x5yzmko6rivxzh6qna4.ipfs.dweb.link
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While Internet communities typically emphasize collaboration and sharing, there is another type ofmobilization system that emphasizes competition and rivalry: gaming environments. The gamesavailable on the web are nearly infinite in their variety, but they all share the objective of scoringpoints or winning, i.e. doing better than the others. This too is a powerful motivator, whichenhances focus, commitment and persistence. But games exhibit a variety of other motivators,given that by definition they have been designed for enjoyment, i.e. for providing stimuli thatpeople find intrinsically pleasurable, so that they seek to collect as many as possible. Since the earlydays of personal computers, gaming has become an increasingly popular pastime. This has ledprogrammers to create an ever-greater variety of ever more sophisticated games.
Designing system change games to be addictive would be antithetical to a regenerative philosophy.
If gamification is used along with collaboration within a rapid whole system change framework, how would that look? Different levels of organizations can be in both collaboration and competition.
The logical collaboration level that suggests itself are: 1. by participants living in the same local community 2. by virtual community groups associated with one common field of interest
Further, adding cosmolocal (https://clreader.net) framework can create massively collaborating teams. In a sense, even when there is competition within a pro-social, pro-ecological framework, it is ultimately collaboration.
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- Oct 2021
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gen.medium.com gen.medium.com
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Code: That which is technically possible or impossible.Law: That which is legally permitted or prohibited.Markets: That which is profitable or unprofitable.Norms: That which is socially acceptable or unacceptable.
[[Lawrence Lessig]]'s x4 forces parallel [[David Brin]]'s arenas.
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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Chu, J. S. G., & Evans, J. A. (2021). Slowed canonical progress in large fields of science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(41). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021636118
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- Sep 2021
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sakai.duke.edu sakai.duke.edu
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Why look ye, Rogues! D'ye think that this will do ? Your Neighbours thresh as much again as you
Eternal struggle of competition here. The workers (and the poet) admonish that one compares themselves against their neighbors (competitors) than simply themselves.
The fix for this is for the leadership/bosses to participate themselves to see if the yield isn't as good as it might otherwise be. So much could be fixed if the "boss" is involved in the actual work or physically on site at least some of the time to experience what is going on. Participation counts.
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news.slashdot.org news.slashdot.org
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(They blame Chrome's "feature" addition treadmill, where "they keep adding stupid kitchen sinks for the sole and only purpose to make others unable to keep up.")
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thoughtbot.com thoughtbot.com
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most recently the release of ActiveStorage in Rails 5.2
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- Aug 2021
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U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, Innovation, and the Internet, "Optimizing for Engagement: Understanding the Use of Persuasive Technology on Internet Platforms," 25 June 2019, www.commerce.senate.gov/2019/6/optimizing-for-engagement-understanding-the-use-of-persuasive-technology-on-internet-platforms.
Perhaps we need plurality in the areas for which social data are aggregated?
What if we didn't optimize for engagement, but optimized for privacy, security, or other axes in the space?
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First, how technologically feasible is it for competitors to remotely process massive quantities of platform data? Can newcomers really offer a level of service on par with incumbents?
Do they really need to process all the data?
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- Jul 2021
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www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org
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Woodford, L., & Bussey, L. (2021). Exploring the Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Social Distancing Measures on Athlete Wellbeing: A Qualitative Study Utilising Photo-Elicitation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 624023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624023
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- Jun 2021
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evilmartians.com evilmartians.com
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There were attempts to simplify this setup by building specific browsers (such as capybara-webkit and PhantomJS) providing such APIs out-of-box, but none of them survived the compatibility race with real browsers.
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- May 2021
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github.com github.com
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None of the existing repository filtering tools did what I wanted; they all came up short for my needs. No tool provided any of the first eight traits below I wanted, and all failed to provide at least one of the last four traits as well:
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- Apr 2021
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github.com github.com
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There is a similar feature in the standard library Logger class, but the implementation here is safe to use with multiple processes writing to the same log file.
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leonidtiokhin.medium.com leonidtiokhin.medium.com
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Tiokhin, L. (2021, April 21). Why indirect contributions matter for science and scientists. Medium. https://leonidtiokhin.medium.com/why-indirect-contributions-matter-for-science-and-scientists-6c9bf827bc7d
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But in all this incongruous abundance you'll certanly find the links to expect It's just what is wanted: the tool, which is traditionally used to communicate automatically with interactive programs. And as it always occurs, there is unfortunately a little fault in it: expect needs the programming language TCL to be present. Nevertheless if it doesn't discourage you to install and learn one more, though very powerful language, then you can stop your search, because expect and TCL with or without TK have everything and even more for you to write scripts.
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empty.sourceforge.net empty.sourceforge.net
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In some cases empty can be the simplest replacement for TCL/expect or other similar programming tools because empty:
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- Mar 2021
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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What Fukuyama and a team of thinkers at Stanford have proposed instead is a means of introducing competition into the system through “middleware,” software that allows people to choose an algorithm that, say, prioritizes content from news sites with high editorial standards.
This is the second reference I've seen recently (Jack Dorsey mentioning a version was the first) of there being a marketplace for algorithms.
Does this help introduce enough noise into the system to confound the drive to the extremes for the average person? What should we suppose from the perspective of probability theory?
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trailblazer.to trailblazer.to
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definitely less rough to work with than Devise
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s22.q4cdn.com s22.q4cdn.com
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+$1.9 billion vs. -$3.3 billion in 2019
This is quite a drop in CFs, one major reason is the increase in competition for streaming services.
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www.sitepoint.com www.sitepoint.com
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JavaScript needs to fly from its comfy nest, and learn to survive on its own, on equal terms with other languages and run-times. It’s time to grow up, kid.
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If JavaScript were detached from the client and server platforms, the pressure of being a monoculture would be lifted — the next iteration of the JavaScript language or run-time would no longer have to please every developer in the world, but instead could focus on pleasing a much smaller audience of developers who love JavaScript and thrive with it, while enabling others to move to alternative languages or run-times.
Tags
- competition in open-source software
- JavaScript: as a process VM
- programming languages: choosing the best language for the job
- level playing field
- avoid giving partiality/advantage/bias to any specific option
- neutral/unbiased/agnostic
- good idea
- runtime environment
- software freedom
- programming languages
- neutral ground
- separation of concerns
Annotators
URL
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ythakker.medium.com ythakker.medium.com
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The slightly more dangerous scenario where the market has a winner-take-all effect, where one firm or organization ends up controlling over 70% of the market.
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When markets are new and “hot”, they often follow that frenzy of dozens — if not hundreds — of entrants trying to grab market share from each other.
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Inevitably, most of these new entrants get wiped out over a decade or two and their market share goes down into the single digits (often zero). The end result is that the market often resembles one of two possible situations:
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github.com github.com
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markdown-it is the result of the decision of the authors who contributed to 99% of the Remarkable code to move to a project with the same authorship but new leadership (Vitaly and Alex). It's not a fork.
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- Feb 2021
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trailblazer.to trailblazer.to
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The new 2.1 version comes with a few necessary but reasonable changes in method signatures. As painful as that might sound to your Rails-spoiled ears, we preferred to fix design mistakes now before dragging them on forever.
Tags
- learn from your mistakes
- do it right/well the first time because it may be too hard to clean up/fix later if you don't
- pointing out gaps/downsides/cons in competition/alternatives
- fix design/API mistakes as early as you can (since it will be more difficult to correct it and make a breaking change later)
Annotators
URL
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github.com github.com
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@adisos if reform-rails will not match, I suggest to use: https://github.com/orgsync/active_interaction I've switched to it after reform-rails as it was not fully detached from the activerecord, code is a bit hacky and complex to modify, and in overall reform not so flexible as active_interaction. It has multiple params as well: https://github.com/orgsync/active_interaction/blob/master/spec/active_interaction/modules/input_processor_spec.rb#L41
I'm not sure what he meant by:
fully detached from the activerecord I didn't think it was tied to ActiveRecord.
But I definitely agree with:
code is a bit hacky and complex to modify
Tags
- evaluating software options
- flexibility
- active_interaction
- recommended option/alternative
- too complicated
- hard to understand
- recommended software
- reform (Ruby)
- pointing out gaps/downsides/cons in competition/alternatives
- switching/migrating to something different
- too coupled/dependent
- I agree
Annotators
URL
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but there is some things I don't like in reform
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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competition
Framing this as "competition" law is nonsensical. There is literally nothing about competition anywhere in this article, the proposed rules, or the underlying problem of tech platforms benefiting from newsroom efforts without paying for it.
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opensource.stackexchange.com opensource.stackexchange.com
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Selling proprietary software is difficult when there is so much gratis Open Source software around.
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- Jan 2021
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Unfortunately, this probably means a death knoll for this gem, at least I predict it will contribute to its slow trajectory towards insignificance/unknownness/lack-of-users.
Why? Because it is already the less popular option in this comparison: https://ruby.libhunt.com/compare-premailer-rails-vs-roadie-rails
and being actively maintained is an important factor in evaluating competing options.
So of course people will see that the premailer option is the option that is still actively maintained, is still continuing to be improved, and they'll see that this one has been relegated to dormancy/stagnancy/neglect/staleness, which will only amplify the degree/sense of abandonment it already has from its maintainer (only now it will be its users that start to abandon it, as I now have).
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experts.umn.edu experts.umn.edu
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Toff, B. J., Badrinathan, S., Mont’Alverne, C., Arguedas, A. R., Fletcher, R., & Nielsen, R. K. (2020). What we think we know and what we want to know: Perspectives on trust in news in a changing world. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/what-we-think-we-know-and-what-we-want-to-know-perspectives-on-tr
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github.com github.com
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Popper for Svelte with actions, no wrapper components or component bindings required! Other Popper libraries for Svelte (including the official @popperjs/svelte library) use a wrapper component that takes the required DOM elements as props. Not only does this require multiple bind:this, you also have to pollute your script tag with multiple DOM references. We can do better with Svelte actions!
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- Dec 2020
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github.com github.com
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I think the main difference between the two are the way API are served. Some smelte components need you to input big chunk of json as props, while i prefer keep props as primitive types and in the other hand give you different components tags to compose.
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- Nov 2020
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github.com github.com
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There are actually 3 other libraries that implements material in svelte, i hope this to become the community favorite because using MDC underneath it implements correctly Material guidelines.
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This sort of library probably should be communitized so there's really just a single library.
Tags
- fragmented community
- competition in open-source software
- comparing one's project/product with competition/alternatives
- better than the alternatives
- recommended option/alternative
- MDC
- pointing out gaps/downsides/cons in competition/alternatives
- community effort
- building upon other software projects
- healthy competition vs. having a single main option that everyone uses
Annotators
URL
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- Oct 2020
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medium.com medium.com
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I think Vue does a really good job comparing itself to other solutions out there.
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www.eff.org www.eff.org
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Today's Web giants want us to believe that they and they alone are suited to take us to wherever we end up next. Having used Adversarial Interoperability as a ladder to attain their rarefied heights, they now use laws to kick the ladder away and prevent the next Microcomputer Center or Tim Berners-Lee from doing to them what the Web did to Gopher, and what Gopher did to mainframes.
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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choice and competition improve schools
How can choice and competition improve schools? From a capitalistic perspective one needs to be much more mobile or have a tremendous number of nearby schools for this to happen. Much like the lack of true competition in local hospitals, most American families don't have any real choice in schools as their local school may be the only option. To have the greatest opportunity, one must be willing to move significant distances, and this causes issues with job availability for the parents as well as other potential social issues.
When it's the case that there is some amount of local selection, it's typically not much and then the disparity of people attending one school over another typically leads to much larger disparities in socio-economic attendance and thus leading to the worsening of the have and the have-nots.
Even schools in large cities like the Los Angeles area hare limited in capacity and often rely on either lottery systems or hefty tuition to cut down on demand. In the latter case, again, the haves and have-nots become a bigger problem than a solution.
I'll have to circle back around on these to add some statistics and expand the ideas...
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Facebook allows users to sign in, authenticate, and identify themselves on a range of Web sites, feeding our data to Facebook as we move across the Web.
If second and third tier services that are mono-tasking tools in the social space would allow for some of the IndieWeb building blocks, then this would not only help them significantly, but also help to break up the monopoly.
Here I'm thinking about things like SoundCloud, Flickr, et al that do one piece really well, but which don't have the market clout. Instagram might have been included in the collection prior to it's buyout by Facebook. Huffduffer is an audio service that does a bit of this IndieWeb sort of model.
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themargins.substack.com themargins.substack.com
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There is just so much money looking to do so many new, riskier things. And again, that's exactly how it's supposed to work. Cutting interest rates spurs demand and risk-taking. The changed denominators of a million financial models make every investment idea look more enticing. If an interest rate is the cost of money, ZIRP means capital is now free.
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www.wesjones.com www.wesjones.com
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In general, while I've been reading Stuart Kauffmann's At Home in the Universe, I can't help but thinking about the cascading extinctions he describes and wonder if political extinctions of ideas like Communism or other forms of government or even economies might follow the same types of outcomes described there?
Tags
Annotators
URL
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It's sort of unfortunate that the justification for existence comes from pointing at gaps.
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link.aps.org link.aps.org
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Burda, Z., Kotwica, M., & Malarz, K. (2020). Ageing of complex networks. Physical Review E, 102(4), 042302. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.102.042302
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- Sep 2020
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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JNOLive | Multiplicity of Randomized Clinical Trials for Coronavirus Disease 2019. (2020, July 14). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-MWPqgLUvA&feature=youtu.be
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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editor, S. B. H. (2020, August 30). Covid vaccine rush could make pandemic worse, say scientists. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/aug/30/covid-vaccine-rush-could-make-pandemic-worse-say-scientists
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- Aug 2020
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Local file Local file
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Two, deciding whether or not your image (and, by exten-sion—since many Instagrammers post images of themselves—your body) has worth. You can base this purely on how many likes it gets, but if you don’t see how many likes other images get, you can’t compare your number of likes to anyone else’s. You can only compete with yourself. As we’ll learn in Chapter 4 when we discuss contrast effect, we avoid making decisions in a vacuum, so if you show us other people’s likes, we’ll be tempted to use them to rate our own value. Removing likes is a step away from making a bad decision about what to compare your image to.
I like the thinking here and where it could subtly push us to.
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Bertoli, S., Guichard, L., & Marchetta, F. (2020). Turnout in the Municipal Elections of March 2020 and Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Epidemic in France. IZA Discussion Paper, 13335.
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Eichenbaum, M. S., Rebelo, S., & Trabandt, M. (2020). Epidemics in the Neoclassical and New Keynesian Models (Working Paper No. 27430; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27430
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- Jul 2020
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Younes, G. A., Ayoubi, C., Ballester, O., Cristelli, G., de Rassenfosse, G., Foray, D., Gaule, P., Pellegrino, G., van den Heuvel, M., Webster, B., & Zhou, L. (2020). COVID-19_Insights from Innovation Economists [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/b5zae
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Younes, G. A., Ayoubi, C., Ballester, O., Cristelli, G., de Rassenfosse, G., Foray, D., Gaule, P., van den Heuvel, M., Webster, B., & Zhou, L. (2020). COVID-19: Insights from Innovation Economists (with French executive summary) [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/65pgr
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www.workshop-efi.com www.workshop-efi.comWEFI1
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WEFI. (n.d.). WORKSHOP ON ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCE AND INNOVATION. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://sites.google.com/view/wefi2
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Webinar: The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Politics and International Institutions. (2020, May 21). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To2tTuDElfs
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www.marianne.net www.marianne.net
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M.S. : Jadis, le père avait plus de compétences que son fils pour réparer une Mobylette avec lui, activité commune et enrichissante. A présent, le rapport est inversé. L'adolescent est plus au point. Si les mères acceptent facilement que leur fils leur montre comment utiliser un objet, les pères souhaitent souvent garder le leadership. Mais faut-il s'accrocher à une autorité légitime ? Le «je suis ton père» ne suffit-il plus ? Les adolescents traitent leurs parents de «vieux cons». «Con» est accepté, mais pas «vieux» ! Il y a une forme de compétition intergénérationnelle. La possession du dernier gadget à la mode fait croire à une éternelle jeunesse...
Les parents sont peut-être dépassés quant à l'utilisation du numérique, cela peut avoir pour conséquence une inversion des rôles dans la famille mais seulement dans certaines situations bien précise. Même si la société est en constante évolution et que les adolescents ont des compétences supérieures dans certains domaines, le rôle des parents n’a pas changé. Il est toujours de fixer un cadre de vie, des limites et être un protecteur.
Delecourt, C. (2005). L'autorité dans la famille. Consulté en ligne https://www.cairn.info/revue-journal-du-droit-des-jeunes-2005-1-page-29.htm
L'utilisation du numérique peut en effet causer des conflits familiaux, mais c'est aussi un moyen d'échanger et de partager des savoirs.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Yang, G., Csikász-Nagy, A., Waites, W., Xiao, G., & Cavaliere, M. (2020). Information Cascades and the Collapse of Cooperation. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 8004. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64800-z
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- May 2020
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EU Datathon 2020—EU Datathon—Publications Office of the EU. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eudatathon
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Ball, P. (2020). Anti-vaccine movement could undermine efforts to end coronavirus pandemic, researchers warn. Nature, 581(7808), 251–251. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01423-4
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Johnson, N.F., Velásquez, N., Restrepo, N.J. et al. The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views. Nature (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Urbina, A. (2020, May 8). What do we know about University Academics’ Mental Health? A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/37jhr
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science-sciencemag-org.ezproxy.redlands.edu science-sciencemag-org.ezproxy.redlands.edu
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Aspesi, C., & Brand, A. (2020). In pursuit of open science, open access is not enough. Science, 368(6491), 574–577. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aba3763
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Prasad, S., Knight, E. L., Sarkar, A., Welker, K. M., Lassetter, B., & Mehta, P. (2020, May 6). Testosterone fluctuations in response to a democratic election predict partisan attitudes toward the elected leader. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w6rz9
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github.com github.com
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I would love for Mozilla to make this extension irrelevant by providing the functionality natively. Language translation is a standard and yet highly differentiating feature in Chrome and Edge.
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Thank you for letting me know about this move by Google. Definitely something to watch. While I agree with Google's position from an end user experience perspective, it unfortunately puts Firefox at a further disadvantage since Mozilla does not have its own language translation initiatives.
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- Apr 2020
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Phillips, N. D., Hertwig, R., Kareev, Y., & Avrahami, J. (2014). Rivals in the dark: How competition influences search in decisions under uncertainty. Cognition, 133(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.06.006
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www.apply-for-innovation-funding.service.gov.uk www.apply-for-innovation-funding.service.gov.uk
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Competition overview—Business-led innovation in response to global disruption (de minimis)—Innovation Funding Service. (n.d.). Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.apply-for-innovation-funding.service.gov.uk/covid19/overview.html#summary
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www.lorentzcenter.nl www.lorentzcenter.nl
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Center for Scientific Workshops in All Disciplines—Lorentz-eScience Competition. (n.d.). Retrieved April 16, 2020, from https://www.lorentzcenter.nl/lorentz-escience-competition.html
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ec.europa.eu ec.europa.eu
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EUvsVirus Hackathon to develop innovative solutions and overcome coronavirus-related challenges. (n.d.). [Text]. European Commission - European Commission. Retrieved April 17, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/euvsvirus-hackathon-develop-innovative-solutions-and-overcome-coronavirus-related-challenges-2020-apr-03_en
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royalsocietypublishing.org royalsocietypublishing.org
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Tiokhin, L., & Derex, M. (n.d.). Competition for novelty reduces information sampling in a research game—A registered report. Royal Society Open Science, 6(5), 180934. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180934
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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This victory for Hush-A-Phone was widely considered a watershed moment in the development of a secondary market for terminal equipment, in addition to contributing to the breakup of the Bell System.
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- Mar 2020
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cdbaby.com cdbaby.comCD Baby1
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- Feb 2020
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github.com github.com
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compared the speed of DeviceDetector with the two most popular user agent parsers in the Ruby community, Browser and UserAgent.
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github.com github.com
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Similar projects Here is a list of other projects found in the same design space.
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- Dec 2019
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github.com github.com
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If you need a tool to backup your documents and files please take a look at the excellent BackInTime application which is more configurable and provides options for saving user files.
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- Nov 2019
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www.maketecheasier.com www.maketecheasier.com
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Privacy and security could be more widely compromised if there’s an issue with Chromium.
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With Chromium taking so much market share, it’s easy to imagine competition slowing down and browser technology getting less diverse.
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testing-library.com testing-library.com
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This library is a replacement for Enzyme.
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www.valentinog.com www.valentinog.com
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Some time ago I asked on Reddit: “What’s the consensus among the React community for testing React components?” Shawn Wang replied: “testing is an enormously complicated and nuanced topic on which there isn’t a consensus anywhere in JS, much less in React.” I was not trying to find the best library for testing React. Mainly because there isn’t one.
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- Oct 2019
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www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk
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First, government did not always engage with the market early in running procurements or establish a sufficient understanding on both sides about the service that were being outsourced. This often led to problems over the lifetime of a contract, such as disputes and cost overruns.Second, an excessive focus on the lowest price and an insufficient assessment of quality in selecting bids undermined many contracts. While outsourcing can reduce costs, government must balance this against the minimum level of quality it needs in a service. Too often, it has outsourced services in pursuit of unrealistic savings and without a realistic expectation that companies would deliver efficiencies.Third, large contracts have failed when government has transferred risks that suppliers have no control over and cannot manage, rather than those which suppliers can price and manage better than government. Government should also not think that it has outsourced risks that will revert to it if a supplier fails – as the provision of public services will always do.
Three case study themes on why contracts failed or worked
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It must also understand why different outsourcing projects succeed or fail. The Institute for Government has previously showed that there are several conditions that make outsourcing more likely to succeed.2 Above all, these include: •the existence of a competitive market of high-quality suppliers•the ease of measuring the value added by the provider •the service not being so integral to the nature of government as to make outsourcing inappropriate.*
Outsourcing conditions
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- Sep 2019
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codeburst.io codeburst.io
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it is even highly questionable if there is anything to ‘win’ in OSS in the first place
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- Feb 2019
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Local file Local file
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“rethinking competition itself and the belief that people can succeed only if others fail” “my intent is to probe the underlying cluster of mostly undefended beliefs about what life is like (awful), what teaches resilience (experiences with failure), what motivates people to excel (rewards) and what produces excellence (competition).”
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- Jul 2018
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www.newspapers.com www.newspapers.com
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Cherokee Publishing Co.
owners of cherokee county herald sun turned into a shopper merged with herald -- sent to every household not receiving the herald paul w. dale editor
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www.newspapers.com www.newspapers.com
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The Herald, which costs 10 cents a paper, has a circulation of 5,700,
1984 - the herald has competitor (cherokee sun) which is free
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www.economist.com www.economist.com
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“When feedback data from large players is available to smaller competitors, then innovation…is not concentrated at the top,” he argues in “Reinventing Capitalism in the Age of Big Data”, a new book co-written with Thomas Ramge, a journalist.
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So big piles of data can become a barrier to competitors entering the market, says Maurice Stucke of the University of Tennessee.
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- May 2017
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boingboing.net boingboing.net
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Apple, CTA and Big Car are working in secret to kill New York's Right to Repair legislation
Didn't IBM enter a monster consent decree years ago for behaving like this?
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- Jul 2016
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www.menshealth.com www.menshealth.com
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. On the one hand, it’s every dad’s dream to watch your son or daughter play hard and not just enjoy the experience, but dominate the competition.
- this matters to me because it relate to how my dad feels about me wen I play soccer Aldo he want me to have fun I play to the level of competition.
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- Jun 2016
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books.google.ca books.google.ca
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Collectively, the results of our studies suggest that avoidance behavior is more common in schools and classrooms that emphasize performance goals, primarily by making ability differences between students and competition salient features of the learning environment. These results are intuitive. When students find themselves in learning environments that promote social comparison and make ability differences between students salient, it makes sense that they will be concerned with looking able compared to others. For those students who fear or expect that they may not compare favorably with their classmates, the adoption of strategies to avoid such negative social comparisons is to be expected."
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- Apr 2016
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deevybee.blogspot.com deevybee.blogspot.com
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it could be argued that we don’t just need an elite: we need a reasonable number of institutions in which there is a strong research environment, where more senior researchers feel valued and their graduate students and postdocs are encouraged to aim high. Our best strategy for retaining international competitiveness might be by fostering those who are doing well but have potential to do even better
capacity requires top and middle.
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Local file Local file
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If incentives play an important role in theproduction of novel ideas, this heroic story might be atypical. In this article, we provide empiricalevidence that nuanced features of incentive schemes embodied in the design of research contractsexert a profound influence on the subsequent development of breakthrough ideas.
Thesis of article.
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www.helga-nowotny.eu www.helga-nowotny.eu
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excellencetorecognizeexcellence
Excellence to recognise excellence quotation.
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we.vub.ac.be we.vub.ac.be
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. I consider that my job, as a philosopher, is to activate the possible, and not to describe the probable, that is, to think situations with and through their unknowns when I can feel them
The job of a philosopher is to "activate the possible, not describe the probable."
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- Mar 2016
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download.springer.com download.springer.com
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Pautasso, M. (2010). Worsening file-drawer problem in the abstracts of natural, medical and social sciencedatabases.Scientometrics, 85(1), 193–202
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Schmidt, S. (2009). Shall we really do it again? The powerful concept of replication is neglected in thesocial sciences.Review of General Psychology, 13(2), 90–100.
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Jeng, M. (2006). A selected history of expectation bias in physics.American Journal of Physics, 74(7),578–583
History of expectation bias in physics
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Song, F., Parekh, S., Hooper, L., Loke, Y. K., Ryder, J., Sutton, A. J., et al. (2010). Dissemination andpublication of research findings: An updated review of related biases.Health Technology Assessment,14(8), 1–193. doi
positive bias
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De Rond, M., & Miller, A. N. (2005). Publish or perish—Bane or boon of academic life?Journal ofManagement Inquiry, 14(4), 321–329. doi:
On how increased pressure to publish diminishes creativity.
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Several possible problems have been hypothesised, including: undue proliferation ofpublications and atomization of results (Gad-el-Hak2004; Statzner and Resh2010);impoverishment of research creativity, favouring ‘‘normal’’ science and predictable out-comes at the expense of pioneering, high-risk studies (De Rond and Miller2005); growingjournal rejection rates and bias against negative and non-significant results (because theyattract fewer readers and citations) (Statzner and Resh2010; Lortie1999); sensationalism,inflation and over-interpretation of results (Lortie1999; Atkin2002; Ioannidis2008b);increased prevalence of research bias and misconduct (Qiu2010). Indirect empiricalevidence supports at least some of these concerns. The per-capita paper output of scientistshas increased, whilst their career duration has decreased over the last 35 years in thephysical sciences (Fronczak et al.2007). Rejection rates of papers have increased in thehigh-tier journals (Larsen and von Ins2010; Lawrence2003). Negative sentences such as‘‘non-significant difference’’ have decreased in frequency in papers’ abstracts, while catchyexpressions such as ‘‘paradigm shift’’ have increased in the titles (Pautasso2010; Atkin2002). No study, however, has yet verified directly whether the scientific literature isenduring actual changes in conten
Good discussion (and bibliography) of problems involved in hyper competition
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Formann, A. K. (2008). Estimating the proportion of studies missing for meta-analysis due to publicationbias.Contemporary Clinical Trials, 29(5), 732–739. doi
estimate of positive bias in clinical trials.
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Fronczak, P., Fronczak, A., & Holyst, J. A. (2007). Analysis of scientific productivity using maximumentropy principle and fluctuation-dissipation theorem.Physical Review E, 75(2), 026103. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.75.026103.
On rising scientific productivity over shorter careers.
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Atkin, P. A. (2002). A paradigm shift in the medical literature.British Medical Journal, 325(7378),1450–1451
On the rise of sexy terms like "paradigm shift" in abstracts.
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Bonitz, M., & Scharnhorst, A. (2001). Competition in science and the Matthew core journals.Sciento-metrics, 51(1), 37–54
Matthew effect
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download.springer.com download.springer.com
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The results presented here suggest that competition among researchers haspronounced effects on the way science is done. It affects the progress of sciencethrough secrecy and sabotage and interferes with peer review and other universal-istic merit-review systems. It twists relationships within a field and can increase thelikelihood of a scientist engaging in misconduct. None of the focus-groupparticipants made reference to positive effects of competition on their work,despite the fact that the focus-group questions dealt in a general way with scientists’work and the norms of conduct that govern that work. If the protocol questions hadasked explicitly about competition, doubtless there would have been somediscussion about the positive aspects of science. In the context of the generalquestions, though, the scientists referred to competition as a constant and negativeforce that interferes with the way science is done. It is disconcerting to ponder theconsequences of competition, such as mistrust and defensive posturing, for acommunity that has long been committed—in principle—to shared ideas andcollegiality.
Conclusions on the negative results of competition
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Competition is also manifested in scientists’ pressured haste, leading tocarelessness, which can verge on questionable behavior. One discussant talkedabout scientists ‘‘cutting a little corner’’ in order to get a paper out before others orto get a larger grant, and another said that she once published a result that she gotthree times in one week but could not replicate the following week
How competitiveness also results in error.
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But there’s, I think there is a question of how you interpret the data, even ... ifthe experiments are very well designed. And, in terms of advice—not that I’mgoing to say that it’s shocking—but one of my mentors, whom I very muchrespect as a scientist—I think he’s extraordinarily good—advised me to alwaysput the most positive spin you can on your data. And if you try to present, like,present your data objectively, like in a job seminar, you’re guaranteed tonotgetthe job
Importance of "spinning" data
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You are. And you know what the problems are in doing the experiments. And ifyou, in your mind, think that there should be one more control—because youknow this stuff better than anybody else because you’re doing it, you know—you decided not to do that, not to bring up what the potential difficulties are, youhave a better chance of getting that paper published. But it’s—I don’t think it’sthe right thing to do.
deliberate positive bias
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dishonesty occursmore with the postdoc. Because they want to get the data—whereas if they don’tpublish, they don’t move on. And they, I think, are more likely to sort of fudge alittle bit here and there if they need to get the data done. Unless, like you say, youwatch them.
senior faculty over-estimate the likelihood of juniors committing misconduct.
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One mid-career scientist told a story of how he and others in his lab counteractedan abuse of power by his mentor, a senior scientist, while he was in training. Hismentor received a manuscript to review that was authored by a ‘‘quasi-competitor.’’It presented results of experiments similar to those that were going on in thementor’s lab. The scientist continued, ‘‘That paper ... basically would have beat usto the punch. They would have published these results before us, and they wouldhave gotten credit, and not us. And my mentor, God bless him, sat on the paper.’’The mentor not only delayed writing the review but asked someone working in thelab to write it (a move of questionable ethicality in itself). That lab person and ourrespondent decided, in response, to stall their own work, so that their lab would nothave an unfair advantage over the group who submitted the paper for review. In theend, the original group got credit for the findings, while the respondent’s lab wasalso able to publish their slightly different findings. He ended his story with,‘‘Sometimes you’re in an awkward position, and you try to do the best thing you canunder the circumstances, within your own internal ethical clock or whatever. Andsometimes it’s ugly and it’s imperfect, but it’s the only thing you can do. If we hadgone to the mentor and voiced this objection, our careers would have been over. Ifwe had approached the journal—God forbid, forget it.’’ The speaker qualified thisstory by saying that it made him sound much more ethical than he actually is.
peer review deliberately delayed in order to slow competitor
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The focus-group discussions showed, however, that scientists see peer review asaffording a unique, even protected opportunity for competitors to take advantage ofthem. In this sense, competition infects the peer review process, not only throughscientists’ competition with other applicants, but also through scientists’ distrust ofthe reviewers themselves, as competitors. The following exchange among mid-career discussants shows their sense of vulnerability
Evidence that peer-reviewers are competitors.
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By contrast, others use it in thepublication process solely to maintain their competitive bid for priority in a line ofresearch inquiry, as a way to sabotage others’ progress. A scientist in an early-career group acknowledged the need to make results reproducible by telling people‘‘the whole recipe of the whole method’’ if asked directly, but then she talkedabout the ‘‘little trick’’ of not including all the details in a publication orpresentation. Like the scientists in a different group quoted above, she mentionedothers’ practice of taking photographs of poster presentations in order then topublish the results first. She said that people, in defense, ‘‘omit tiny little details’’:‘‘But sometimes in the publication, people, just to protect themselves, will not giveall the details. It’s always right, but maybe it’s not totally complete—to protectthemselves. Because your ideas get stolen constantly, and it’s so competitive ifyou’re a small lab.
sabotaging reproducibility
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A more deliberate form of not sharing is the omission of critical details inpresentations, papers and grant proposals so that others will have difficultyreplicating and extending one’s own research.
Sabotaging reproducibility.
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I know a large number of people in that category, in my own experience, who ...opted out because they didn’t want to play. They didn’t want to play the kind ofgames that have to be played to be successful, and in bringing in money and gettingthe papers out. There’s so much more than just doing good science that comes intoit. There’s so much communication and there’s salesmanship that has to go on
On the negative impact competition has on career choice
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I really hate to admit this, but you do the same thing with your competitors asyou do with grant agencies. You sucker-punch them. You might have—when Isubmit a paper, I already have the next two or three papers’ worth of data. Imean, I know what I’m going to be publishing a year from now, mostly. But thepaper that comes out of my lab is Part A. Parts B and C are mostly on my desk.And I’ve put things in part A to basically entice my competitors into making anass out of themselves, or to second guess, or say, ‘‘Oh that must be wrongbecause of that, or something.’
Gaming referees.
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You submit the first grant, youpropose the novel thing. You know damn well any study section that’s evenmildly conservative is going give you, ‘‘Well, it sounds promising.’’ Theymight give you a good score, you hope for a good score, but it’s not going toget funded, because it’s too novel, it’s too risky, it’s too blah blah. But youalready have the damn data. You know on the second resubmit, you’re goingto say, ‘‘Good point! We took that to heart. Oh, what a wonderful suggestion!We will worry about this too. Guess what? Here’s the data!’’ Shove it downtheir throat. And then it’s funded. Because, wow, you flagged them, yousucker-punched them. They said, ‘‘This is really novel, blah, blah. Boy if youcould only do that, that would be a great grant.’’ Well, you alreadydiddo it,and that’s the point. And you basically sucker-punch the study section intogiving you the money by default. They have to at that point. They don’t havea choice.
On the need to have results before funding is given.
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Competition for funding, publications, scientific priority and overall career successleads scientists to describe their work in terms of strategies one might use in a game.Focus-group participants revealed that, like it or not, working within the scientificcommunity requires artful maneuvering and strategizing.
relationship of competition to explicit game-playing.
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In addition to that, the other thing that they focus on is science as celebrity.... Sothe standards are, ‘‘How much did it cost, and is it in the news?’’ And if it didn’tcost much and if it is not in the news, but it got a lot of behind-the-scenes talkwithin your discipline, they don’t know that, nor do they care
Importance of news-worthiness.
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You’ve got to have a billionpublications in my field. That is the bottom line. That’s the only thing that counts.You can fail to do everything else as long as you have lots and lots of papers
Importance of publications in science--overrules everything else.
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In short, there are many people (the oversupply factor) competing for prestigious,desirable and scarce rewards and resources (the funding factor), in a struggle thatbestows those rewards disproportionately on those of marginally greater achieve-ment (the tournament factor). This situation is supported to the detriment of that‘‘legion of the discontented’’ and to the benefit of senior investigators, because it‘‘generates good research by employing idealistic young graduate students andpostdoctoral fellows at low cost’’ [26]. In other words, the benefits accrue to fundingand employing institutions. This paper explores some of the costs that accompanythese benefits
Economic structure of competition at universities.
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Richard B. Freeman and colleagues [28] havecharacterized the problem as follows: ‘‘Research in the biosciences fits a tournamenteconomic structure. A tournament offers participants the chance of winning a bigprize—an independent research career, tenure, a named chair, scientific renown,awards—through competition.... It fosters intense competition by amplifying smalldifferences in productivity into large differences in recognition and reward. Well-structured tournaments stimulate competition. Because the differences in rewardsexceed the differences in output, there is a disproportionate incentive to ‘win’’’(p.2293). Research environments in which only small numbers of scientists have theopportunity to gain significant attention increase the competitive stakes: playing thegame may be a gamble, but the payoff for winning is significant [28,36]
The tournament structure of biosciences.
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Another perspective sees competition as a function not just of funding, but of thebalance between supply and demand of resources, particularly human resources. Inthe current competitive system, young scientists are pitted against one another forattractive career opportunities that are becoming increasingly scarce [28].Researchers, feeling the pressure to be first to present findings in their fields,employ armies of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows and strive to maketheir laboratory groups the smartest and the fastest. The result is a ‘‘postdocbottleneck’’ [29] where the supply for highly educated and trained researchers farexceeds the demand [30–33]. In concrete terms, Donald Kennedy and colleagues[34] have described the structural problem as a source of excess supply of humancapital: ‘‘We’ve arranged to produce more knowledge workers than we can employ,creating a labor-excess economy that keeps labor costs down and productivity high’’(p. 1105). The system produces, they claim, a ‘‘legion of the discontented’’ [34].They argue that institutional and policy decisions about training scientists should becoupled to placement histories of recent graduates, numbers of intellectual offspringof faculty, and job markets for scientists. Roger L. Geiger [35] has suggested thatthe imbalance between supply and demand is due in part to deficiencies in graduate
Role of lack of positions. Interestingly, this has been shown by Fang et al to be not reflected in misconduct stats: i.e. the vast majority of scientific fraud is conducted by senior (male) scientists, not job hungry post-docs or grad students.
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Analysts differ as to the reasons why competition has intensified. Some see thesituation in terms of money. Tempering the effects of competition is not a primeimpetus behind calls by the National Science Board [26] and by a recent coalition of140 college presidents and other leaders [27] for more federal funding for scientificresearch; however, some scientists see such advocacy movements in terms of easingcertain aspects of competition that are worsened by tight dollars. More money, morepositions, and overall expansion of the research enterprise would improve thesituation
role of funding
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here are indications, however, that the natureof competition has changed in recent years. Goodstein [25] argues that this shift islinked to negative outcomes:Throughout most of its history, science was constrained only by the limits ofits participants’ imagination and creativity. In the past few decades, however,that state of affairs has changed dramatically. Science is now held back mainlyby the number of research posts and the amount of research funds available.What had been a purely intellectual competition has become an intensestruggle for scarce resources. In the long run, this change, which is permanentand irreversible, will probably have an undesirable effect on ethical behavioramong scientists. Instances of scientific fraud will almost surely become morecommon, as will other forms of scientific misconduct (p. 31)
relationship of negative aspects of competition to change in funding model that promotes scarcity. See Goodstein, D. (2002). Scientific misconduct.Academe, 88, 28–31
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It is negatively correlated with subscription tonormative systems (either traditional or alternative) and sense of community
Scientific competition is is negatively correlated to eithical systems and sense of community.
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Melissa S.Anderson [20] furthermore found that a competitive departmental environment inscience is positively correlated with exposure to misconduct, fears of retaliation forwhistle-blowing, and conflic
More evidence of correlation between competition and "exposure to misconduct".
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Empirical findings show a strong, positive relationship between the level ofperceived competition in an academic department and the likelihood that depart-mental members will observe misconduct among their colleagues [19]
Higher the level of perceived competition in academic departments, the greater the liklihood that people will see misconduct among peers.
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David Blumenthal and colleagues [17] found that university geneticists and otherlife scientists who perceive higher levels of competition in their fields are morelikely to withhold data or results. Such withholding took the form of omittinginformation from a manuscript or delaying publication to protect one’s scientificlead, maintaining trade secrets, or delaying publication to protect commercial valueor meet a sponsor’s requirements. John P. Walsh and Wei Hong [18] have reportedsimilar finding
Evidence that competition causes scientists to withhold results and/or data
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ompetition in science has its bright side, which past analysts and commentatorstended to emphasize and current writers often affirm. It has been credited withensuring that ideas, work, proposals and qualifications of all interested parties areevaluated prior to the distribution of rewards, particularly funding and positions.From this perspective, competition promotes open examination and fair judgment.The norm of universalism [11] is supported when all qualified people have theopportunity to propose and defend their ideas and work in open competition [12].After all, absent competition, cronyism is likely to flouris
Positive value of competition in science.
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Increases in levels of competition in science are symptomatic of a moregeneral hypercompetitive shift in organizations
The general rise to hypercompetitiveness. (source: https://hypothes.is/a/AVO5uuxxH9ZO4OKSlamG)
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Because science is a cumulative, interconnected, andcompetitive enterprise, with tensions among the various societies in which researchis conducted, now more than ever researchers must balance collaboration andcollegiality with competition and secrecy
Institute of medicine's call to balance cooperativeness vs. collaboration.
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The scientific enterprise is characterized by competition for priority, influence,prestige, faculty positions, funding, publications, and students
Bok on how universities compete.
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Bok, D. (2003).Universities in the marketplace: The commercialization of higher education.Princeton: Princeton University Press
Sources of competition among universities
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Pfeffer, J. (1992).Managing with power: Politics and influence in organizations. Boston: HarvardBusiness School Press
On competition.
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Theirdiscussions suggest clearly that the downside of competition has been underesti-mated and that it may have more prominent effects now than in past years. Asreputation, respect and prestige are increasingly connected to resources and tosuccess in the competitions that distribute those resources, scientists find more oftheir work and careers caught up in competitive arenas. The six categories ofcompetition’s effects that emerged in our analyses suggest reason for concern aboutthe systemic incentives of the U.S. scientific enterprise and their implications forscientific integrity.
Implications of competition for scientific integrity.
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scienceWhen the actor Michael J. Fox was in the initial stages of creating his foundation forresearch on Parkinson’s Disease, he came to recognize the negative impact thatcompetition among scientific groups has on the overall progress of research on thedisease. The director of one group actually said to him, ‘‘Well, if you don’t help us,then, at least, don’t help them’’ [1, p. 236]. Such was his introduction to thecompetitive world of U.S. science.
Anecdote about how Michael J. Fox discovered scientific competition when he set up his foundation for Parkinson's disease.
Tags
- scientific integrity
- popular dissemination
- reproducibility
- gender
- game-playing
- leaky pipe
- tournament economic structure
- competition and competitiveness
- error
- management studies
- parkinson's disease
- excellence
- scientific funding
- strategy
- scientific competition
- positive bias
- peer review
- results decay
- dissemination
- scarcity
- universities
- anecdotes
- bibliography
- scientific misconduct
- michael j. fox
- replicability
- newsworthiness
- hypercompetitiveness
- competition
- bioscience
- scientific and scholarly communication
- economics
Annotators
URL
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- Sep 2015
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courses.edx.org courses.edx.org
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it suggests that maybe these prefrontal regionsthat are really important for decision making have to work a little bit harder when we decidenot to cooperate when we decide to compete or defect at the expense of the other person.
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- Feb 2014
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blogs.law.harvard.edu blogs.law.harvard.edu
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Alexander v. Haley, 460 F.Supp. 40 (S.D.N.Y. 1978)
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- Nov 2013
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caseyboyle.net caseyboyle.net
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Insofar as the individual wants to maintain himself against other individuals, he will under natural circumstances employ the intellect mainly for dissimulation.
Seeing the world as a hostile place, we defend with our power to deceive. Competition and survival based in theories of scarcity.
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- Oct 2013
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rhetoric.eserver.org rhetoric.eserver.org
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It is of advantage, therefore, for a boy to have schoolfellows whom he may first imitate and afterwards try to surpass. Thus will he gradually conceive hope of higher excellence.
competition is essential to success
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25
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