Prof. Christina Pagel. (2022, January 31). Update on growth of Omicron subvariant BA.2 in England from Wellcome Sanger data. Growing in all regions. The main Omicron variant we’ve had so far is BA.1. There is then its child BA.1.1 with an extra mutation and its brother BA.2 which is pretty different to BA.1. 1/2 https://t.co/iVxrf01P4o [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1488127760291799041

Mallapaty, Smriti. ‘Where Did Omicron Come from? Three Key Theories’. Nature 602, no. 7895 (28 January 2022): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00215-2.

Berger, Eric. ‘As Omicron Peaks, the US Healthcare System Is Left “Broken beyond Repair”’. The Guardian, 4 February 2022, sec. Society. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/feb/03/us-coronavirus-healthcare-system-providers.

Omicron’s sister variant spreads faster. So why did the one we call Omicron hit first? (2022, February 2). STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/02/02/omicron-sister-variant-ba2-spreads-faster/

Hall, V. G., Ferreira, V. H., Wood, H., Ierullo, M., Majchrzak-Kita, B., Manguiat, K., Robinson, A., Kulasingam, V., Humar, A., & Kumar, D. (2022). Delayed-interval BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination enhances humoral immunity and induces robust T cell responses. Nature Immunology, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-01126-6

COVID: Reinfection risk from Omicron 16 times higher than Delta, ONS data indicates. (n.d.). Sky News. Retrieved February 4, 2022, from https://news.sky.com/story/reinfection-risk-from-omicron-16-times-higher-than-delta-ons-data-indicates-12519881

Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://twitter.com/ashishkjha/status/1487868684412628996

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2022, January 26). here is BA.2 growth in Denmark. Https://t.co/stake8vHvq [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1486300603735330816

Adam, D. (2022). Will Omicron end the pandemic? Here’s what experts say. Nature, 602(7895), 20–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00210-7

Tayag, Y. (2022, January 31). What causes long Covid? Scientists are zeroing in on the answer. Vox. https://www.vox.com/22906853/omicron-long-covid-vaccinated-symptoms-cause

Scribner, H. (2022, January 29). A new COVID-19 variant surge ‘will happen again,’ experts say. Deseret News. https://www.deseret.com/coronavirus/2022/1/29/22904290/new-covid-19-variant-surge-next-major-coronavirus-mutation

Tom Wenseleers. (2022, January 30). Seems that the second Omicron subvariant BA.2 may soon be about to cause cases to start rising again in South Africa... Or at least to stop the decline in new infections. Shows how fast immunity wanes & evolution can catch up. Https://t.co/3y4xqPgZ0L [Tweet]. @TWenseleers. https://twitter.com/TWenseleers/status/1487919837670219781

Pajon, R., Doria-Rose, N. A., Shen, X., Schmidt, S. D., O’Dell, S., McDanal, C., Feng, W., Tong, J., Eaton, A., Maglinao, M., Tang, H., Manning, K. E., Edara, V.-V., Lai, L., Ellis, M., Moore, K. M., Floyd, K., Foster, S. L., Posavad, C. M., … Montefiori, D. C. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2119912

Early data indicate vaccines still protect against Omicron’s sister variant, BA.2. (2022, January 28). STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/01/28/early-data-indicate-vaccines-still-protect-against-omicrons-sister-variant-ba-2/

Elliott, P., Eales, O., Bodinier, B., Tang, D., Wang, H., Jonnerby, J., Haw, D., Elliott, J., Whitaker, M., Walters, C., Atchison, C., Diggle, P., Page, A., Trotter, A., Ashby, D., Barclay, W., Taylor, G., Ward, H., Darzi, A., … Donnelly, C. (2022). Post-peak dynamics of a national Omicron SARS-CoV-2 epidemic during January 2022 [Working Paper]. http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/93887

Kozlov, M. (2022). How does Omicron spread so fast? A high viral load isn’t the answer. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00129-z

“Endemic” Covid? The pandemic will only be over when the world is jabbed. (2022, January 15). Inews.Co.Uk. https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/endemic-covid-the-pandemic-will-only-be-over-when-the-world-is-jabbed-1402691

Backed By Science: Here’s How We Can Eliminate COVID-19 - Health Policy Watch. (2022, January 23). https://healthpolicy-watch.news/93258-2/

Mrigank Shail, MD. (2022, January 11). Update on Omicron by Dr @mvankerkhove from @WHO’s Q&A https://t.co/NqCOvs59Tl [Tweet]. @mrigankshail. https://twitter.com/mrigankshail/status/1481006646826577925

Davis, N., & correspondent, N. D. S. (2022, January 21). Covid reinfection: How likely are you to catch virus multiple times? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/21/covid-reinfection-how-likely-are-you-to-catch-virus-multiple-times

Tom Peacock. (2022, January 19). As its been getting increasing attention recently, I’m going to write a short thread on what we currently know about BA.2. -What is BA.2? -What is BA.2 doing currently? -Should we be concerned about it? [Tweet]. @PeacockFlu. https://twitter.com/PeacockFlu/status/1483768659420094464

Edwards, E. (n.d.). Nearly 1 million pediatric Covid cases reported last week. Retrieved January 21, 2022, from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/nearly-1-million-pediatric-covid-cases-reported-last-week-rcna12631

How Long Are You Actually Immune for After Recovering From COVID-19? (2022, January 19). Lifehacker Australia. https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2022/01/covid-19-immunity-explained/

Halliday, J., & correspondent, J. H. N. of E. (2022, January 17). ‘Christmas was awful’: On the Omicron frontline at the Royal Preston hospital. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/17/christmas-was-awful-on-the-omicron-frontline-at-the-royal-preston-hospital

Scientists try to pinpoint why rapid Covid tests are missing some cases. (2022, January 6). STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/01/06/scientists-try-to-pinpoint-why-rapid-covid-tests-are-missing-cases/

Kirby, J. (2021, December 23). Omicron collides with a struggling global vaccination campaign. Vox. https://www.vox.com/22846774/omicron-global-vaccines-covronavirus-covid-19

HKUMed finds Omicron SARS-CoV-2 can infect faster and better than Delta in human bronchus but with less severe infection in lung. (n.d.). Retrieved January 16, 2022, from https://www.med.hku.hk/en/news/press/20211215-omicron-sars-cov-2-infection?utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=press_release

TheDenmarkPost. (2022, January 1). Corona In Denmark: Where Omikron’s Wall Is Already There | News Headlines Denmark | The Denmark Post. https://thedenmarkpost.com/corona-in-denmark-where-omikrons-wall-is-already-there-news-headlines-denmark/

Yong, E. (2021, December 16). America Is Not Ready for Omicron. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/12/america-omicron-variant-surge-booster/621027/

Tom Peacock. (2022, January 3). Lots of chat about B.1.640.2 in the last few days—Just a few points to keep in mind: - B.1.640.2 actually predates Omicron—In all that time there are exactly... 20 sequences (compared to the >120k Omis in less time) Def not one worth worrying about too much at the mo... [Tweet]. @PeacockFlu. https://twitter.com/PeacockFlu/status/1478118173903839237

Covid’s evolution: ‘With each passing wave, we’ve seen greater transmissibility.’ (n.d.). MSN. Retrieved January 15, 2022, from https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/covid-s-evolution-with-each-passing-wave-we-ve-seen-greater-transmissibility/vi-AARYwCn

Natalie E. Dean, PhD. (2022, January 2). Interesting. From this afternoon in @nytimes: Https://nytimes.com/2022/01/01/us/omicron-covid-holidays-surge-testing.html https://t.co/qCCkjXKS2K [Tweet]. @nataliexdean. https://twitter.com/nataliexdean/status/1477487783992254464

Devlin, H., Davis, N., & correspondents, N. D. S. (2022, January 14). Expect another Omicron wave in early summer, Sage says. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/14/expect-another-covid-omicron-wave-in-early-summer-sage-says

O’donnell, C., & Aboulenein, A. (2021, December 30). COVID-19 hospitalization surge among U.S. children spurs new Omicron concerns. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/covid-19-hospitalization-surge-among-us-children-spurs-new-omicron-concerns-2021-12-30/

Helen Branswell. (2022, January 11). 1. #Omicron’s takeover was stunningly rapid and is now nearly complete, at least in the U.S. The latest “Nowcast” from @CDCgov (which uses recent data to model what’s happen now) suggests most of what is circulating here now is omicron. Https://t.co/6w3e8Ut5NW [Tweet]. @HelenBranswell. https://twitter.com/HelenBranswell/status/1480970453313277954

Brian Wasik. (2022, January 13). A week later and NY State data still showing an extremely high hospitalization VE in the face of Omicron. Https://t.co/6tWPqyamoZ [Tweet]. @BrianRWasik. https://twitter.com/BrianRWasik/status/1481697336019537921

Active epidemiological investigation on SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by Omicron variant (Pango lineage B.1.1.529) in Japan: Preliminary report on infectious period. (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2022, from https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/en/2019-ncov-e/10884-covid19-66-en.html

Dolgin, E. (2022). Omicron thwarts some of the world’s most-used COVID vaccines. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00079-6

Zuo, F., Abolhassani, H., Du, L., Piralla, A., Bertoglio, F., Campos-Mata, L. de, Wan, H., Schubert, M., Wang, Y., Sun, R., Cassaniti, I., Vlachiotis, S., Kumagai-Braesch, M., Andréll, J., Zhang, Z., Xue, Y., Wenzel, E. V., Calzolai, L., Varani, L., … Pan-Hammarström, Q. (2022). Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA booster elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (p. 2022.01.04.22268755). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.04.22268755

•. (n.d.). NYC ER Doc Breaks Down How Omicron Affects the Boosted, Vaxxed and Unvaccinated. NBC New York. Retrieved January 13, 2022, from https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/nyc-er-doc-breaks-down-how-omicron-affects-the-boosted-vaxxed-and-unvaccinated/3468742/

Geddes, L., & correspondent, L. G. S. (2022, January 11). Will Covid-19 become less dangerous as it evolves? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/11/will-covid-19-become-less-dangerous-as-it-evolves

Prof. Christina Pagel. (2022, January 10). I agree with pretty much all of this @FT article https://ft.com/content/e200156f-2e5a-4165-8aa2-28c24fe3c036 https://t.co/zhqPpqdyn7 [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1480568139947692041

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘T cell immunologist getting very upset at people arguing that high levels of transmission are a good thing’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 January 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1481178244678402048

The Spread of the Omicron Variant and Vaccine Effectiveness—January 11, 2022. (2022, January 11). Leger. https://leger360.com/surveys/legers-north-american-tracker-january-11-2022/

U.S. breaks record with more than 145,000 covid-19 hospitalizations. (n.d.). Washington Post. Retrieved January 12, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/01/10/covid-hospitalized-omicron/

Omicron largely evades immunity from past infection or two vaccine doses | Imperial News | Imperial College London. (n.d.). Imperial News. Retrieved January 12, 2022, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/232698/omicron-largely-evades-immunity-from-past/

Tseng, H. F., Ackerson, B. K., Luo, Y., Sy, L. S., Talarico, C., Tian, Y., Bruxvoort, K., Tupert, J. E., Florea, A., Ku, J. H., Lee, G. S., Choi, S. K., Takhar, H. S., Aragones, M., & Qian, L. (2022). Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 omicron and delta variants (p. 2022.01.07.22268919). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.07.22268919

Sidik, S. M. (2022). Immunity against Omicron from breakthrough infection could be a matter of timing. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00004-x

Blackall, M. (2021, May 8). Outgoing vaccine chief claims Covid will not be circulating in UK by August. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/08/clive-dix-claims-covid-not-in-uk-by-august-vaccine

CDC studies confirm mask-wearing in schools reduces spread of COVID-19. (2021, September 27). New Atlas. https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/cdc-mask-mandate-children-schools-coronavirus-effective/

Yonker, L. M., Boucau, J., Regan, J., Choudhary, M. C., Burns, M. D., Young, N., Farkas, E. J., Davis, J. P., Moschovis, P. P., Bernard Kinane, T., Fasano, A., Neilan, A. M., Li, J. Z., & Barczak, A. K. (2021). Virologic Features of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Children. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(11), 1821–1829. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab509

Augustin, E. (2022, January 5). Cuba’s vaccine success story sails past mark set by rich world’s Covid efforts. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/05/cuba-coronavirus-covid-vaccines-success-story

How do death rates from COVID-19 differ between people who are vaccinated and those who are not? (n.d.). Our World in Data. Retrieved January 8, 2022, from https://ourworldindata.org/covid-deaths-by-vaccination

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @VictimOfMaths: But looking at the wider UK context, Derry is currently looking at 4.5% of everyone in the entire county testing posit…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 7 January 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1479140302493466627

author.fullName}. (n.d.). 2022 preview: What will the coronavirus do next? New Scientist. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25233661-800-2022-preview-what-will-the-coronavirus-do-next/

Omicron peak could be “long and drawn out”, Sage scientists warn as pressure mounts on NHS. (2022, January 3). Inews.Co.Uk. https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/omicron-covid-variant-uk-peak-long-drawn-out-sage-scientists-warning-nhs-1380110

Crist, C. (n.d.). First Omicron Death in U.S. Was Reinfection. WebMD. Retrieved January 4, 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20211224/first-omicron-death-in-u-s-was-reinfection

Carreño, J. M., Alshammary, H., Tcheou, J., Singh, G., Raskin, A., Kawabata, H., Sominsky, L., Clark, J., Adelsberg, D. C., Bielak, D., Gonzalez-Reiche, A. S., Dambrauskas, N., Vigdorovich, V., Group, P. S., Srivastava, K., Sather, D. N., Sordillo, E. M., Bajic, G., van Bakel, H., … Krammer, F. (2021). Activity of convalescent and vaccine serum against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03846-z

Davis, N., & correspondent, N. D. S. (2021, December 31). What do we know about the Omicron Covid variant so far? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/31/what-do-we-know-about-the-omicron-covid-variant-so-far

Colson, P., Delerce, J., Burel, E., Dahan, J., Jouffret, A., Fenollar, F., Yahi, N., Fantini, J., La Scola, B., & Raoult, D. (2021). Emergence in Southern France of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant of probably Cameroonian origin harbouring both substitutions N501Y and E484K in the spike protein [Preprint]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.24.21268174

Keeling, M. J., Brooks-Pollock, E., Challen, R. J., Danon, L., Dyson, L., Gog, J. R., Guzman-Rincon, L., Hill, E. M., Pellis, L. M., Read, J. M., & Tildesley, M. (2021). Short-term Projections based on Early Omicron Variant Dynamics in England. (p. 2021.12.30.21268307). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.30.21268307

WIlliams, S. N., & Dienes, K. (2021). ‘Variant fatigue’? Public attitudes to COVID-19 18 months into the pandemic: A qualitative study. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vam4t

Omicron and children: Pediatric hospitals in parts of U.S. filling fast. (n.d.). Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/12/24/omicron-children-hospitalizations-us/

Murray, J. (2021, December 28). Omicron is ‘not the same disease’ as earlier Covid waves, says UK scientist. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/28/omicron-is-not-the-same-disease-as-earlier-covid-waves-says-uk-scientist

Viral Genome sequencing facility in India

• 38 labs

A Marm Kilpatrick. (2021, November 24). How do we get broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 that will protect against future variants? 2 studies (are there more?) suggest that vaccination followed by infection gives broader protection than infection followed by vaccination. @florian_krammer @profshanecrotty @GuptaR_lab https://t.co/rqdf6rE9ej [Tweet]. @DiseaseEcology. https://twitter.com/DiseaseEcology/status/1463391782742335491

Omicron largely evades immunity from past infection or two vaccine doses | Imperial News | Imperial College London. (n.d.). Imperial News. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/232698/modelling-suggests-rapid-spread-omicron-england/

Press, A. (2021, December 18). Court rules Biden’s vaccine mandate for large employers can take effect. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/18/court-rules-bidens-vaccine-mandate-for-large-employers-can-take-effect

Richterman, A., Scott, J., & Cevik, M. (2021). Covid-19 vaccines, immunity, and boosters. BMJ, 375, n3105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n3105

Reuters. (2021, December 20). Moderna says booster produces strong antibody response to Omicron. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/20/moderna-booster-strong-antibody-response-omicron-covid-vaccine-variant

Colin Davis. (2021, December 20). Update for 20th Dec. The trend line still reflects 1.8 day doubling (it’s 1.7 days if we look at just the last week). Today’s number is down, but I wouldn’t read too much into that at this point. Https://t.co/kOCjxhRbop [Tweet]. @ProfColinDavis. https://twitter.com/ProfColinDavis/status/1472969632705392640