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• Greg Autry
• Greg Autry | USC Marshall
• Greg Autry Biography | National Space Society

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My sketchnotes here: https://photos.app.goo.gl/Dj47SHE2ehzdEMM17

Plus, the measurement is based on journal articles from commercial databases (eg: Scopus). Those databases index have language bias. On the other hand, we are lacking of national level scientific database that provide dataset for those rankings to process.

All rankings measure the following components, which all of them contain level of bias:

• Teaching (the learning environment): international students vs large amount of internal high school graduates
• Research (volume, income and reputation): high profile research vs "low level" research to solve internal national problem
• Citations (research influence): only based on commercial database with language bias
• International outlook (staff, students and research): lack of national data (eg: tracer study) to share with those ranking, international vs national issues
• Industry income (knowledge transfer): this is mostly controlled by economical situation, which the universities have no control.

and not to mention it drives external economical-social setting eg: labour market, top university labeling in the mind of parents, etc.

For less economically stable countries (eg Indonesia), many indicators are very much controlled by national level situations (regulations, funding), geographical settings, and the large sum of high school graduates to enter undergraduate degree. On the contrary, all rankings only relevant for graduate research.

University of Amsterdam scientists launch website that seeks ideal COVID-19 exit strategy. (2020 April 21) Science|Business. https://sciencebusiness.net/network-updates/university-amsterdam-scientists-launch-website-seeks-ideal-covid-19-exit-strategy

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Kleinman, M. (2020 April 16). Innovation agency Nesta backs UK edtech start-up BibliU. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/innovation-agency-nesta-backs-uk-edtech-start-up-bibliu-11974089

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