670 Matching Annotations
  1. Last 7 days
    1. To put it bluntly, Web3 and the crypto economy is still largely an ‘exit’ play for financial and coding elites, practicing the arbitrage of nation-states, but without much connections to local communities and resilient production; Similarly, local communities engaged in relocalized and regenerative production are not in sync with the mutual coordination capacities developed in the crypto/web3 context.

      for - quote - silos - web 3 and crypto silo - localization silo - desiloing can bring about significant empowerment to people everywhere - from Substack article - The Cosmo-Local Plan for our Next Civilization - Michel Bauwens - 2024, Dec 20 - adjacency - desilo web 3 / Blockchain and localisation - educate cud events such as - Tipping Point Festival - from Substack article - The Cosmo-Local Plan for our Next Civilization - Michel Bauwens - 2024, Dec 20

      quote - silos - web 3 and crypto silo - localization silo - desiloing can bring about significant empowerment to people everywhere - (see quote below) - To put it bluntly, Web3 and the crypto economy is still largely an ‘exit’ play for financial and coding elites, - practicing the arbitrage of nation-states, - but without much connections to local communities and resilient production; - Similarly, local communities engaged in relocalized and regenerative production - are not in sync with the mutual coordination capacities developed in the crypto/web3 context.

      // - We need to create opportunities such as events and workshops to bring these two spheres into dialogue - Tipping Point Festival, as a cosmolocal event can do this by - holding locally organized events hosted by - local community activists at their community level, and - in larger urban centers, at ward and district level - thec internet can be used to facilitate the emergence of trans-national alliances

    2. The idea here is a potential ‘entanglement’ between the local and the translocal level, which creates new levels of strength and capacity for the local.

      for - key insight - leverage point of the 99% - our numbers - from Substack article - The Cosmo-Local Plan for our Next Civilization - Michel Bauwens - 2024, Dec 20 - key insight - 6 levels of individual / collective gestalt - from Substack article - The Cosmo-Local Plan for our Next Civilization - Michel Bauwens - 2024, Dec 20

      key insight - 6 embedded levels of individual / collective gestalt, - first level is from individual quanta to collective atoms - second level is from individual atom to collective molecules - third is from individual molecule too collective living cells - fourth is from individual living cells too collective multicellular living organism - fifth is from individual multi-cellular organism to collective culture at local level - sixth is from individual local culture to to collective trans-national alliances - At each level except the first, a perspective shift occursc in which the collective is seen from a different lens as an individual

      key insight - leverage point of the 99% - our numbers - The trans-national companies power is in their capital - The trans-national alliances leverage point is our large numbers of people - Through our strength in numbers, we can mobilize trans-alliance resources such as human innovation resources, which most local actors are lacking in

    3. for - Substack article - The Cosmo-Local Plan for our Next Civilization - Michel Bauwens - 2024, Dec 20 - adjacency - web 3 and Blockchain / crypto technology - communities engaged in regeneration and relocalization - tinkering at the edge - missed opportunity - cosmolocal strategy as leverage point - safe and just cross scale translation of earth system boundaries - Tipping Point Festival - Web 4 - Indyweb

      Summary adjacency between - web 3 and crypto / Blockchain technology - communities engaged in regeneration and relocalization - tinkering at the edge - missed opportunity - cosmolocal lens and framework as a leverage point for synthesis - cosmolocal projects as leverage points - cross scale translated safe and just earth system boundaries as necessary cosmolocal accounting system - meme: sync global, act local - new relationship - This article explores the untapped potential and leverage point offered by recognising a new adjacency and concomitant synthesis of - globalising Web 3 and crypto/Blockchain technology - communities engaged in regenerative and relocation interventions - The fragmentation between these areas keeps activists working in each respective one - tinkering at the edge - severely constraining their potential impact - This is a case of the whole Berlin car greater than the sun of its parts - By joining forces in a global, strategic and systemic way, each can achieve fast more through their mutual support - A cosmolocal lens offers a perspective and framework that makes joining forces make sense<br /> - Projects that recognize that the adjacency between - the globalizing technologies of web 3 and Blockchains and - interventions at the local community level - offer a significant leverage point to bottom up efforts to drive a rapid transition are themselves a leverage point - In this regard, incorporation of an equitable accounting system such as safe and just earth system boundaries that can be cross scale translated to - bioregional, - city and - community, district and ward scale - are an important cosmolocal component of a system designed for rapid transition - Global bottom up community scale events such as the Tipping Point Festival can help rapidly advocate for a cosmolocal lens, framework and strategy - At the same time, Web 4 technology that's goes beyond decentralising into people-centered can contribute another dimension to humanizing technology

  2. Dec 2024
    1. Otto et al. (2019) point out that instead of focusing on the poorest, efforts aimed at reducing carbon emissions should target people at the top of the social scale, i.e., the wealthiest.

      for - climate crisis - leverage point - target the wealthiest - Ott et al. 2019

    1. I feel like sharing with you some of my observations as a frame analyst, as someone who analyzes semantic frames and how they structure a discourse to, in this case, to disempower us and keep us embedded within a conversation that is primarily about the actions of corporations and nation-states and that disengages us from direct grassroots action and taking power into our own hands

      for - adjacency / validation - for justifying Tipping Point Festival - TPF - bottom up, grassroots direct action Vs - top down, corporate, policy action - Joe Brewer - framing analysis - using cognitive linguistics

      adjacency / validation - between - ustifying Tipping Point Festival - TPF - - bottom up, grassroots direct action<br /> - top down, corporate, policy action<br /> - Joe Brewer - framing analysis - cognitive linguistics - adjacency relationship - We need both bottom up and top down section, but Joe's framing analysis provides an explanation why there isn't more bottom up direct action - It requires a lot of skill to find the leverage points as well as the weakness of people power is lack of money - To awaken the sleeping giant off the commons is the purpose of the Typing Point Festival (TPF)

    1. we're using post in the way postmodernists use post, which is it's informed by modernism, it's informed by capitalism without being able to transcend it necessarily because capitalism and it's the most recent incarnation of capitalism, which is neoliberalism, is like the oxygen that we breathe. It's all encompassing. It's totalitarian in its nature. And it's pervasive. And so in that sense, we say we have to be informed by the logic of the dominant system.

      for - key point - Post Capitalist - informed by the logic of the dominant system - but not necessarily try to transcend it because it is so ubiquitous - Post Capitalist Philanthropy - Alnoor Ladha - Lynn Murphy - 2023

      key point - Post Capitalist - informed by the logic of the dominant system - but not necessarily try to transcend it because it is so ubiquitous - Post Capitalist Philanthropy - Alnoor Ladha - Lynn Murphy - 2023 - It is so ubiquitous, like the air we breath - all encompassing - totalitarian - pervasive

  3. Nov 2024
    1. The potential political power of young people has been demonstrated

      for - climate crisis - leverage point - the youth - voting examples - Jim Hansen

    2. By thenscientists need to have improved their communication with the public, especially with youngpeople

      for - climate crisis - leverage point - the youth - Jim Hansen

    1. for - climate crisis - Youtube - climate Doomsday 6 years from now - Jerry Kroth - to - climate clock - adjacency - Tipping Point Festival - Indyweb / SRG complexity mapping tool - Integration of many fragmented bottom-up initiatives - The Great Weaving - Cosmolocal organization - Michel Bauwens - Peer-to-Peer Foundation - A third option - Islands of Coherency - Otto Scharmer Presencing Institute - U-labs - Love-based (sacred-based) mini-assemblies interventions to address growing fascism, populism and polarization - Roger Hallam - Ending the US / China Cold War - Yanis Varoufakis

      YouTube details - title: climate Doomsday 6 years from now - author: Jerry Kroth, pyschologist

      summary - Psychologist Jerry Kroth makes a claim that the 1.5 Deg C and 2.0 Deg C thresholds will be reached sooner than expected - due to acceleration of climate change impacts. - He backs up his argument with papers and recent talks of climate thought leaders using their youtube presentations. - This presentation succinctly summarized a lot of the climate news I've been following recently. - It reminded me of the urgency of climate change, my work trying to find a way to integrate the work of the Climate Clock project into other projects. - This work was still incomplete but now I have incentive to complete it.

      adjacency - between - Tipping Point Festival - Indyweb / SRG complexity mapping tool - Integration of many fragmented bottom-up initiatives - The Great Weaving - Cosmolocal organization - Michel Bauwens - Peer-to-Peer Foundation - Islands of Coherency - Otto Scharmer - Presencing Institute - U-labs - Love-based (sacred-based) mini-assemblies interventions to address growing fascism, populism and polarization - Roger Hallam - Ending the US / China Cold War - Yanis Varoufakis - and many others - adjacency relationship - I have been holding many fragmented projects in my mind and they are all orbiting around the Tipping Point Festival for the past decade. - When Indyweb Alpha is done, - especially with the new Wikinizer update - We can collectively weave all these ideas together into one coherent whole using Stop Reset Go complexity mapping as a plexmarked Mark-In notation - Then apply cascading social tipping point theory to invite each project to a form a global coherent, bottom-up commons-based movement for rapid whole system change - Currently, there are a lot of jigsaw puzzle pieces to put together! - I think this video served as a reminder of the urgency emerged of our situation and it emerged adjacencies and associations between recent ideas I've been annotating, specifically: - Yanis Varoufakis - Need to end the US-led cold war with China due to US felt threat of losing their US dollar reserve currency status - that Trump wants to escalate to the next stage with major tariffs - MIchel Bauwens - Cosmolocal organization as an alternative to current governance systems - Roger Hallam - love-based strategy intervention for mitigating fascism, polarization and the climate crisis - Otto Scharmer - Emerging a third option to democracy - small islands of coherency can unite nonlinearly to have a significant impact - Climate Clock - a visual means to show how much time we have left - It is noteworthy that: - Yanis Varoufakis and Roger Hallam are both articulating a higher Common Human Denominator - creating a drive to come together rather than separate - which requires looking past the differences and into the fundamental similarities that make us human - the Common Human Denominators (CHD) - In both of their respective articles, Yanis Varoufakis and Otto Scharmer both recognize the facade of the two party system - in the backend, it's only ruled by one party - the oligarchs, the party of the elites (see references below) - Once Indyweb is ready, and SRG complexity mapping and sense-making tool applied within Indyweb, we will already be curating all the most current information from all the fragmented projects together in one place regardless of whether any projects wants to use the Indyweb or not - The most current information from each project is already converged, associated and updated here - This makes it a valuable resource for them because it expands the reach of each and every project

      to - climate clock - https://hyp.is/R_kJHKGQEe28r-doGn-djg/climateclock.world/ - love-based intervention to address fascism, populism and polarization - Roger Hallam - https://hyp.is/wUDpaKsAEe-DM9fteMUtzw/www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiKWCHAcS7E - ending the US / China cold war - Yanis Varoufakis - https://hyp.is/Yy0juqmrEe-ERhtaafWWHw/www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BsAa_94dao - Cosmolocal coordination of the commons as an alternative to current governance and a leverage point to unite fragmented communities - Michel Bauwens - https://hyp.is/AvtJYqitEe-f_EtI6TJRVg/4thgenerationcivilization.substack.com/p/a-global-history-of-societal-regulation - A third option for democracy - Uniting small islands of coherency in a time of chaos - Otto Scharmer - https://hyp.is/JlLzuKusEe-xkG-YfcRoyg/medium.com/presencing-institute-blog/an-emerging-third-option-reclaiming-democracy-from-dark-money-dark-tech-3886bcd0469b - One party system - oligarchs - Yanis Varoufakis - https://hyp.is/CVXzAKnWEe-PBBcP5GE8TA/www.youtube.com/watch?v=8BsAa_94dao - What's missing is a third option (in the two party system) - Otto Scharmer - https://hyp.is/M3S6VKuxEe-pG-Myu6VW1A/medium.com/presencing-institute-blog/an-emerging-third-option-reclaiming-democracy-from-dark-money-dark-tech-3886bcd0469b

  4. Oct 2024
    1. Fortunately, we do not have to agree on everything. Linked Data enables layered agreements, in which a few rules need to be adopted by many, and sets of additional rules are agreed upon by smaller groups as required.
      • we do not have to agree on everything
      • sets of additional rules are agreed upon by smaller groups as required.
    2. Freedom of course always comes at a cost: what constitutes a victory for personal rights and freedom of speech also facilitates the spread of illegal messages, since decentralized networks make it harder to control what information is exchanged. Legality is of course a tricky matter, as some countries instate laws that prevent their citizens from voicing opinions that would be legal elsewhere.
    1. Meeting Purpose Explore the potential of Fair Shares Commons and strategize on implementation in Kansas/Missouri region.

      Thank you so much for creating the meeting and for holding space It is not intended that any one person ought to be a central point of contact We are to become autocatalytic - energies arise and fall and all that is is and all that is not is not Some people will not show up Some people will show up all the time We are all equally included We are all One

    1. for - system change - social gatherings - adjacency - Deep Humanity - Tipping Point Festival - social gathering insights - community conherence

      article details - title: Convenings, Cohorts + Communities: Notes on so-called "impact" gatherings - author: Renee Lertzman - publication: substack - date: 2024, Sept 24

    1. she says again, her voice now tinny

      Yet another viewpoint of the fierce Aunt

    2. Aunt Lydia stands up, smooths down her skirt with both hands, and stepsforward to the mike. "Good afternoon, ladies," she says, and there is aninstant and earsplitting feedback whine from the PA system. From among us,incredibly, there is laughter.

      She's presented also pathetically in front of the wives, diminished of dignity and/or power, and yet she creates such a menacing aura in Offred's eyes so much that she shivers.

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  5. Sep 2024
    1. opology has reached the point where a mathematician engagedin topological research is not only justified in calling himself a topologist,but he must specify whether he is a point set topologist, differentialtopologist, algebraic topologist, or some other topological specialist.

      sub-branches of topology: - point-set topology<br /> - differential topology<br /> - algebraic topology

    1. Rufus-scheduler (out of the box) is an in-process, in-memory scheduler. It uses threads. It does not persist your schedules. When the process is gone and the scheduler instance with it, the schedules are gone.
  6. Aug 2024
    1. often I get the question, what should we do? And they expect  me to talk about um, mobility and, um how to reduce flying and  all forms of consumer choices. And they get surprised when I say  that the number one issue is talk to your friends.

      for - planetary emergency - Johan Rockstrom - advice - top leverage point - talk to people about the emergency - quote - planetary emergency - Johan Rockstrom - top advice - top leverage point - talk about it

      quote - planetary emergency - Johan Rockstrom - top advice - top leverage point - talk about it - (see below)

      • The advice I give to all my students, they are, often I get the question, what should we do?
      • And they expect me to talk about
        • mobility
        • how to reduce flying and
        • all forms of consumer choices.
      • And they get surprised when I say that
        • the number one issue is talk to your friends.
      • Talk to your friends. Get the dialogue going.
        • Speak to your, parents,
        • your friends anytime you have a chance.
        • Talk about the planet,
      • Talk about 1. 5.
      • If you go out to the street here in Potsdam, nobody will know what you're talking about if you say 1.5 is the most important number we have in the world today.
      • So I think it's really important to keep the buzz going. We need a momentum here.
  7. Jul 2024
    1. Adjustment screw for the Olympia SM3 on feet shift set up is just to the side of the ribbon spool/cup. Gerren indicates that he's never been able to do this adjustment properly with the typewriter body on, so it's much easier to do with it off.

      The bottom adjustment point (through the side of the frame) allows one to set the base line for the on foot for the lower case letters while the top one sets the upper case.


      Gerren credits Phoenix Typewriter for most of the material he's learned in terms of fixing typewriters.

      Bill at Philly Typewriter has an apprentice program, but there aren't many shops that do this. (Gerren makes a joke that it's free (child) labor.)


      Trip point adjustments

      The trip point is the point at which the typebar trips the movement of the escapement.

      The adjustment point for it is reachable by removing the small protecting plate on the bottom at the back of the machine. The escapement trigger is just underneath it.

      The lower one (top if the machine is upside down) is for the lower case; the top one is for the upper case.

      Screwing the screw in will cause the trip to occur sooner.


      Spacebar adjustment mechanisms [13:00]

      There are two, one set in the front of the bottom of the typewriter and two screws in the back, right near the escapement.

      If the spacebar is hit too many times while cleaning and repairing, the spacebar won't work properly and will need some minor adjustment when the body is put back on.


      He shows at the end how to remove the keytops of the individual keys.


      The final check is the shift lock mechanism to make sure its aligned properly.

    1. if you could get everyone on the planet to do one thing what would it be and she said stay exactly where you are and figure out 00:33:30 what it is that you can do in your local

      for - cosmolocal movement - validation - Jay Griffith - leverage point - cosmolocal - validation - TPF - validation - Living Cities Earth

    1. for - social tipping point - 2023 paper - paper details

      paper details - title: The Pareto effect in tipping social networks: from minority to majority - author - Jordan Everall - Jonathan. F Donges - Ilona. M. Otto - Preprint date - 20 Nov 2023 - Publication - EGUsphere Preprint Repository

      summary - This is a recent 2023 paper that summarizes social tipping point research for fields of interest to me, such as climate change. - I'm reading, looking for any real world experimental validation of social tipping point in climate change - I didn't find any but still interesting

      from - search - google - research on complex contagion refutes the 25% social tipping point threshold - https://www.google.com/search?q=research+on+complex+contagion+refutes+the+25%25+social+tipping+point+threshold&oq=research+on+complex+contagion+refutes+the+25%25+social+tipping+point+threshold&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQRRhA0gEJMjAyOTRqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 - search results returned of interest - The Pareto effect in tipping social networks: from minority to ... - https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2023/egusphere-2023-2241/

    1. I’ll pull out a few key points as to why I think this approach is far too simplistic to be meaningful

      for - social tipping point - critique

      social tipping point - critique - This is a good critique of the social tipping point 25% threshold applied to complex contagion, as claimed by Centola - Does Centola et al . have any experimental evidence applied to real complex contagion?

  8. Jun 2024
    1. Who says it's not a word? Not a word, simply because lexicographers have not recognized it? When a lexicographer recognizes it, it has already been in use! Even Mr. Fiske says it is a word, although he obviously disprefers it.

      by the time a lexicographer recognizes it, it has already been in use

    2. I believe it is possible to disprefer something while either 1. not disliking it, or 2. liking it but not intensely enough to be the preference. As in, "I like tart apples, but I sometimes disprefer them as an ingredient on a green salad." It doesn't and hasn't, meant I would refuse to eat a salad with this ingredient included, but there are times when my preference would have been to have a salad without them.
    3. I think you linguists worry too much. It's a simple enough formation using a very common prefix, and while it is not clear whether "I disprefer" means "I do not prefer" or "I prefer something other than" or "I prefer the opposite of" or "I stop preferring", either it'll settle down to one meaning or it'll carry a range. So what? This is the first time I've heard the word but I don't find it particularly puzzling.
    4. If you said anti-prefer, I'd have a better idea of what the word meant.
    5. Amy: It's a real word. I use it all the time (of course, I'm a linguist, and I allow the possibility that I picked it up from my linguist chums, though it doesn't seem particularly jargony to me). For me, "disprefer X" means something like "not choose X when other options are available". This is subtly different from "prefer anything over X", quite different from "not prefer X", and totally distinct from "dislike X" or "object to X".
    1. the model Waits are just a large files of numbers on a server and these can be easily stolen all it takes is an adversary to match your trillions 00:41:14 of dollars and your smartest minds of Decades of work just to steal this file

      for - AI - security risk - model weight files - are a key leverage point

      AI - security risk - model weight files - are a key leverage point for bad actors - These files are critical national security data that represent huge amounts of investment in time and research and they are just a file so can be easily stolen.

    1. en réalité l'efficacité ce qui ce qui me paraît surtout intéressant à voir c'est que l'efficacité même du redoublement ne signifie pas la même 00:34:56 chose pour les chercheurs et pour les enseign plutôt que de se demander qui a raison et bien sûr les chercheurs ont leur logique propre et encore une fois il s'agit de de faire un raisonnement quasi expérimental on peut comprendre mais ça 00:35:09 veut dire que la question des finalités du redoublement est posée différemment par les enseignants et par les chercheurs et et en fait ce qu'il faut voir c'est que la manière dont les chercheurs évaluent l'efficacité d'un redoublement est beaucoup plus exigeante 00:35:22 que ce qu'on attendent les enseignants pourquoi parce que ce qu'on attend enseignant du redoublement c'est pas qu'un élève parvienne à à performer de sorte à aniler ces difficultés ù à ne 00:35:36 plus avoir de difficultés à long terme c'est surtout de le remettre en selle et donc c'est de chercher un effet de de boost un effet à court terme et donc cet effet c'est typiquement des choses qu'on constate dans les études cet effet il 00:35:49 est il est là mais les chercheurs vont dire bah oui mais l'effet se maintient pas à long terme bon et donc en quelque sorte ils attendent du redoublement quelque chose que les acteurs de terrain n'en attendent pas donc ils sont plus 00:36:00 exigeants ce qui veut dire qu'au fond la manière même de mesurer l'efficacité elle est pas vraiment elle est pas vraiment neutre en quelque sorte elle elle est porteuse d'une certaine conception d'une certaine valeur et ben 00:36:14 une autre manière de de percevoir à quel point la la méthodologie est porteuse d'un certain nombre de de conceptions de la de la finalité c'est que au fond dans 00:36:27 les études seul le redoublement est considéré comme le traitement hein donc on est dans une dans un paradigme où au fond on on regarde ce qui se passe lorsque les certains élèves se voient appliquer le traitement du redoublement 00:36:39 et implicitement on considère que la promotion automatique ne serait pas un traitement la promotion automatique n'aurait pas à être considérée comme un traitement c'est comme si 00:36:50 euh au fond euh il était enfin voilà en fait euh si on réfléchit dans un système où euh bah l'avancement dans la scolarité est conditionné par l'évaluation par l'acquisition des 00:37:05 apprentissage et la et le fait de démontrer qu'on a acquis les apprentissages ben imposer du jour au lendemain une promotion automatique ça n'a rien de neutre ça n'a rien de neutre du tout c'est quand même euh quelque chose qui pourrait même paraître assez 00:37:16 aberrent donc ici euh au fond dans dans les études on se pose pas du tout euh ce genre de question
    2. c'est pas juste un problème de de conception enfin de réception parce que on se dit bah la réforme a été bien 00:48:16 conçue le problème c'est une fois qu'on essaie de l'appliquer non le problème c'est qu'elle a été conçu aussi d'une manière qui me semble-t-il est problématique et donc la conception est bien en cause et ça ça plaide aussi pour 00:48:28 mieux intervenir enfin mieux comprendre les contextes avant d'intervenir sur les contextes pour éviter justement que ces contextes en quelque sorte se retournent contre la politique et c'est un enjeu 00:48:39 d'efficacité mais c'est aussi un enjeu me semble-t-il démocratique à l'air aujourd'hui où les preuves chiffrées sont de plus en plus preignantes et de plus en plus valorisées mais aussi où elles sont de plus en plus fragiles au 00:48:53 sens où il y a une forme de scepticisme croissant dans l'opinion à de l'objectivité quantitative et donc voilà c'est des choses qu'on peut pas totalement ignorer me semble-t-il si on veut en tout cas être dans une 00:49:05 perspective pragmatique de se dire comment est-ce qu'on peut améliorer au fond les le système à l'aide des connaissances produ produites par la
    1. la littérature elle pointe certaines limites des dispositifs participatifs quand ils sont initiés par d'autres acteurs que la population elle-même et notamment par les pouvoirs publics euh avec par exemple des auteurs qui montrent que dans dans certaines politiques la la poli la participation peut devenir une injonction avec des formes de participation à libi donc c'està-dire avec une certaine instrumentalisation de cette participation en vue de légitimer l'action publique donc ça c'est c'est un peu des des travaux critiques et qui qui montrent des logiques plutôt descendantes
    2. il existe aussi des travaux qui montrent que ce sont souvent les les catégories sociales les plus favorisés qui ont le plus facilement accès au dispositifs et aux instances participatives donc finalement des dispositifs qui vont un petit peu reproduire des inégalités sociales alors que la participation est censée les réduire
    1. what's the point what am i g to get out of this it's the same question actually

      for - question - How to respond when asked what's the point or what's in it for me? - adjacency - what's the point? - what's in it for me? - human attention - progress traps

      question - How to respond when asked what's the point or what's in it for me? - When these questions pop up, - it can be a good opportunity to engage the other in deeper dialogue to reveal deeper complexity

      adjacency - between - questions - what's in it for me? - what's the point? - human attention - progress trap - complexity - emptiness - adjacency relationship - These questions come up a lot - and they indicate a normative human tendency: - When we focus attention on what we consider salient in our dynamic, constructed salience landscape - at the same time it defocuses our attention from the rest of the field the salient feature occurs within - In this sense, overemphasize on these questions could reveal a dependency on oversimplification - of the complexity inherent all every life situation - Remember that emptiness, with its pillars of - intertwingledness and - change - pervades everything, everywhere and everytime - and such continuous oversimplification is tantamount to - ignoring the empty nature of reality and - leads to progress traps

  9. May 2024
    1. l'idée n'est pas évidemment dans le cadre du 00:03:23 développement des compétences psychosociales d'aller jusqu'à un lissage une neutralisation de des comportements mais plutôt de permettre que ces expressions d'émotion se 00:03:37 produisent dans un dans un cadre qui permette justement que ces émotions soit entendue et puissent être prises en compte dans le milieu
    2. si on développe des compétences chez les enfants les adolescents ou les adultes des compétences a exprimé des besoins à porter des revendications à aller interpeller des niveaux de décision et 00:01:51 bien encore faut-il que le système permettent à la fois l'expression de ses compétences mais aussi que lorsque ces revendications sont portés à un niveau décisionnel et bien on leur claque pas la porte au nez
    3. développer les compétences psychosociales des enfants ou des adolescents en milieu scolaire pose la question de la prise en compte du 00:01:13 système scolaire dans lequel il évolue au sens large est par exemple on peut bien imaginer que développer les compétences psychosociales des enfants et des adolescents dans un établissement scolaire où règne un climat scolaire 00:01:27 épouvantable n'a pas beaucoup de sens
    1. l'intervention de lecture parentale que je vous ai présenté s revéé inefficace pour les familles àopon c'est la suggè 01:01:30 peut-être que il est important de travailler à des interventions qui lève les barrières linguistiques pour les parents concernés
    2. ces interventions doivent être évidemment complété par d'autres types d'action de nature plus structurelle par exemple dans le cas des inégalités d'accès aux crèches que je viens de mentionner il est nécessaire aussi 01:01:17 d'intervenir sur les critères d'éligibilité sur la répartition territoriale de l'offre
    3. lorsqu'on retrouve des impacts positifs il se concentre principalement sur des on retrouve des 00:37:11 impacts positifs principalement lorsque ces études ne ciblent pas des familles socialement défavorisées par contre quand on cible des familles socialement défavoriser les impacts sont bien moins 00:37:25 importants
    1. The cell phone providers usually call them "mobile" phones which is more precise since "cell" refers to a kind of technology.

      Exactly!

    2. However, it is increasingly becoming just a "phone", as landlines continue to disappear from households.
    1. I wouldn't focus too much on "posted only after human review" - it's worth noting that's that's worth nothing. We literally just saw a case of obviously riduculous AI images in a scientific paper breezing through peer review with noone caring, so quality will necessarily go down because Brandolini's law combined with AI is the death sentence for communities like SE and I doubt they'll employ people to review content from the money they'll make
  10. Apr 2024
    1. I got no actual help from my long Verizon Support chat session and I kept asking if there is a block list they use that they could check (or a whitelist I could be added to...but fat chance) my IP for, since that is clearly what the error is calling out, but they never acknowledged that particular part of my questions, just ignored it.
    1. si je peux me permettre juste de revenir sur cette question de 00:08:58 rajeunissement ce qui est sûr c'est que il est plus visible ce rajeunissement puisque avant on ne faisait pas d'enquête dans l'école primaire donc ces chiffres sont tout nouveau en fait donc ça donne l'impression qu'il y a énormément de violence
    1. To prevent accidental unsubscriptions, senders return landing pages with a confirmation step to finish the unsubscribe request. A live user would recognize and act on this confirmation step, but an automated system would not. That makes the unsubscription process more complex than a single click.
  11. Mar 2024
    1. doit différencier résultats, travail et attitude
    2. le jugement ne doit en aucun cas porter sur la personne
    3. le conseil doit proposer des pistes à l’élève pour progresser

      Le "manque de travail" sans que l'élève ne comprenne comment faire c'est un vrai problème de culture scolaire

    4. ensemble du bulletin est rouge et orange
    5. Par ailleurs, elle met au même niveau des compétences qui peuvent être variées et non compensables
    6. Lorsque la note est absente, si les bulletins ne présentent que des commentaires, les échanges portent alors sur l’interprétation de ces commentaires. Cela oblige les enseignants à être plus explicites. En revanche, cette lecture prend du temps et l’interprétation des commentaires dépend largement de l’acculturation du lecteur au milieu scolaire.
    7. il faut penser à la clause de confidentialité, cela suppose de rappeler ce principe et de demander un engagement des participants

      Il y quand même le droit de rendre compte

    1. I find it ridiculous that we spend energy on debating whether an alternate spelling is "correct" - real people, not English professors and dictionary authorities, are the authorities on English-as-used, and will ultimately make the distinction irrelevant.

      Point: there is no "authority" on which spelling is correct, because normal people using the language are the ones who decide

  12. Feb 2024
    1. The title of the question is what triggered the process of finding this Q/A for material that aided development of the above to solve a real life problem described by the title. The OP declared that base64 decode was not the "real" problem; pedantic constraint of answers to a particular "example" seems less helpful. When this question and its answers were key to helping solve real problems, alternate answers can be gifts to the community in recognition of the fact that many more people will use this Q/A to solve problems. Since the answer is on-topic per the title, I feel it is "game on".
    1. Gérald qui demande lorsque le collaborateur s'en va comment fait-on pour récupérer les flux d'automatisation problématique qui paraît doit se présenter régulièrement 01:16:23 en amont ce sujet là et donc aujourd'hui l'idée c'est que ces outils là soient utilisés et là tout à l'heure clairement Erwan a dit à me connecter j'ai pas mon 01:16:37 outil de mot de passe clairement nous chez nos codes forgots on utilise un outil qui nous permet de sauvegarder les mots de passe pour que l'ensemble des membres y est axé pour se connecter aux outils qu'on a décidé d'utiliser pour 01:16:48 pour le fonctionnement de la plateforme et du reste et donc en gros si moi je suis absent ou pour X raisons la Saône n'est pas bloquée parce que les mots de passe sont dans ce coffre-fort qui est 01:16:59 qui est protégé et commun à quelques-uns d'entre nous
    1. Regardless of what your arguments are, the personal reasons of the developer are what matters for what platforms this game is provided on. You can choose to pay for the game, or not. Paying for the game supports the developer, and allows them to develop more. It is not reasonable to argue that someone should have put in additional unpaid effort to do something for unknown future benefit, or that they should charge less for a game because it's only available on one platform; that's their choice, and their decision.For context, development of Taiji was started in mid 2015; it took seven years to finish. That's with the Commercial Game Engine, and even with that, there were platform-based bugs that needed to be worked around (issues that won't be present on other platforms, or will have different presentations); here's just one of those, involving an issue around mouse sluggishness:https://taiji-game.com/2020/07/13/68-in-the-mountains-of-madness-win32-wrangling...If the developer is not already familiar with Linux, then there's a small mountain of language barriers around using Linux that needs to be overcome first, before being able to get to the game development phase. It's rare for game development to work on different platforms when it can't be tested on those different platforms. While it might be easy to cross-compile on a Windows system (e.g. via IL2CPP), that's only if everything works perfectly (which is unlikely to be the case). 
  13. Jan 2024
    1. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, portrayed her country as a sick child in need of her care during her campaign five years ago.

      interesting how she still felt the need to lean into "maternal" stereotypes in order to run? possible discussion question: whether or not women are truly in power if they're still seen as mother figures?

    2. Feminists of the era did not take kindly to Ericsson and his Marlboro Man veneer. To them, the lab cowboy and his sperminator portended a dystopia of mass-produced boys

      not an unreasonable worry! especially in the 1970s, male prevalence/power was much higher--- women were only barely able (if even?) to get credit cards.

    1. It’s a shift in mindset where the question changes from "were we busy doing the tasks?" to "did we move the needle for our organization to thrive?"
    1. I'm not sure that isolating design is something I'd prefer. I'd rather have an issue tagged (labeled) as such, and then attach design artifacts. I start a design in the same way I start frontend, with a list of requirements and acceptance criteria in mind, the design is just an artifact, a deliverable, an asset.
    2. Why should this conversation be separate from other conversations about the work to be done? Design is one consideration alongside frontend and backend considerations, which often all intersect and require the same participants. Shifting this discussion to a separate work item can result in disjointed conversations and difficulty finding where a decision was made.
    3. but from previous experiences like this, the feature set has to be robust at the start or I think adoption will suffer.
    4. I don't know how much impact the "Design management" widget vs. "Design" object decision will have, except for the extremely small number of teams that work exactly like we do.
  14. Dec 2023
      • for: James Hansen - 2023 paper, key insight - James Hansen, leverage point - emergence of new 3rd political party, leverage point - youth in politics, climate change - politics, climate crisis - politics

      • Key insight: James Hansen

        • The key insight James Hansen conveys is that
          • the key to rapid system change is
            • WHAT? the rapid emergence of a new, third political party that does not take money from special interest lobbys.
            • WHY? Hit the Achilles heel of the Fossil Fuel industry
            • HOW? widespread citizen / youth campaign to elect new youth leaders across the US and around the globe
            • WHEN? Timing is critical. In the US,
              • Don't spoil the vote for the two party system in 2024 elections. Better to have a democracy than a dictatorship.
              • Realistically, likely have to wait to be a contender in the 2028 election.
      • reference

    1. Washington is a swamp it we throw out one party the other one comes in they take money from special interests and we don't have a government that's serving the interests 01:25:09 of the public that's what I think we have to fix and I don't see how we do that unless we have a party that takes no money from special interests
      • for: key insight- polycrisis - climate crisis - political crisis, climate crisis - requires a new political party, money in politics, climate crisis - fossil fuel lobbyists, climate change - politics, climate crisis - politics, James Hansen - key insight - political action - 3rd party

      • key insight

        • Both democrats and conservatives are captured by fossil fuel lobbyist interests
        • A new third political party that does not take money from special interests is required
        • The nature of the polycrisis is that crisis are entangled . This is a case in point. The climate crisis cannot be solved unless the political crisis of money influencing politics is resolved
        • The system needs to be rapidly reformed to kick money of special interest groups out of politics.
      • question

        • Given the short timescale, the earliest we can achieve this is 2028 in the US Election cycle
        • Meanwhile what can we do in between?
        • How much impact can alternative forms of local governance like https://sonec.org/ have?
        • In particular, could citizens form local alternative forms of governance and implement incentives to drive sustainable behavior?
    2. I think that what we have to 01:23:24 do is have the revolution that Benjamin Franklin said we need if because if we don't solve the problem in the United States I don't see us solving the global 01:23:39 problem
      • for: quote - James Hansen, quote Benjamin Franklin, climate crisis - leverage point - political revolution

      • quote

        • If we don't solve the problem in the United States, I don't see us solving the global problem
      • author: James Hansen
      • date: Dec 2023

      • comment

        • Tipping Point network
    3. I 01:22:57 think now what is more important is to affect the political system
      • climate crisis - leverage points - young people - politics

      • comment

        • Hansen considers politics to be the key leverage point for young people now, not protesting and raising awareness
    1. elected officials understand the benefits for the city or town from the work and projects implemented bymore active citizens and neighbourhood initiatives
      • for: leverage point - active citizen groups

      • leverage point

        • active citizen groups can get a variety of support from elected officials including
          • free suitable spaces
          • paid support staff
          • funding
          • simplification and support for any city permits
          • free marketing
    1. if 00:36:19 you really want to make a change you cannot do it as an isolated individual the superpower of our spe is not individual genius it's the 00:36:30 ability to cooperate in large numbers so if you want to really change something join an organization or start an organization but 50 people who cooperate as part of a community of an 00:36:44 organization of a team they can make a much much bigger change than 500 isolated individuals
      • for: leverage point - collaboration, human superpower - collaboration, quote - collaboration, quote - cooperation

      • quote the superpower of our species is not individual genius, it's the ability to cooperate in large numbers.

      • author: Yval Noah Harari
      • date: 2023
    1. I think there are opportunities for for 01:13:03 um reaching people in new ways emotionally powerful ways across those three emotional temperaments that we haven't exploited and I think people like James Cameron have an intuition for that they haven't either hadn't exploited yet
      • for: adjacency art - leverage point - idling resource

      -: adjacency between - art - leverage point - idling resource - adjacency statement - art is a powerful leverage point that is, unfortunately still an idling resource

    2. hope is a very 00:22:57 critical leverage point in addressing the challenges we face

      -for: polycrisis - leverage point - hope, quote - leverage point - hope

    1. The problem with this pile of questions is that, instead of helping the OP get out of the X Y problem, people stay focussed on Y, mark the question as a duplicate of Y in a matter of minutes and X is never properly addressed.

      sticking too much to policy/habit instead of addressing the specific needs of individuals? too much eagerness to close / mark as duplicate?

    1. What is needed is a breakaway group of nations willing to get serious about the climate emergency. Who would join it? Most of the world’s countries, potentially.
      • for: key point: alternative COP - breakaway group of nations, quote - alternative COP

      • quote

        • What is needed is a breakaway group of nations willing to get serious about the climate emergency. Who would join it? Most of the world’s countries, potentially.
      • author: Rupert Read
      • date: Dec 4, 2021

      • comment

      • suggestion
        • This could very well work. By applying social tipping point theory, a coalition of the willing could potentially accomplish a lot more than a coalition mired in friction.
        • There is enough capacity between 100 nation states willing to take far more aggressive measures than what a few petrostates of the COP convention continuously veto that it could bring about a social tipping point.
    1. Rupert Read has the best idea I have heard re international climate negotiations: countries that are serious should have their own conference where they collaborate on strong targets, plans, etc. Part of which should be recognising the dangers of remaining reliant on the petrostates, planning to transcend that reliance and sanctioning them
      • for: good idea - COP alternative, COP alternative - coalition of the willing, COP alternative - social tipping point, Rupert Read - alternative to COP

      • good idea: COP alternative

        • This could work based on the principle of social tipping points
        • The current COP pits the powerful incumbents of the old system delaying as long as possible rapid system change, these are the conservatives
          • This puts the liberals at distinct disadvantage from the conservatives because in a consensus reached agreement, the conservatives can veto any strong and binding language that represents rapid system change
        • In an alternative conference where the 100+ nation states are already in agreement, action in this smaller coalition OF THE WILLING, will lead to rapid action.
        • This could lead to breaking the threshold of system change via reaching the 25% social tipping point threshold
      • question: alternative COP

        • If an alternative COP was held, is the nation state the best level to approach?
        • What about a city level COP?
      • reference

    1. Whatever one thinks of Sultan Al Jaber, one statement he’s made repeatedly makes perfect sense: “We cannot unplug the world from the current energy system before we build a new energy system.” The focus, then, has to shift.
      • for: quote - Sultan Al Jabber, quote - energy replacement instead of phase out, key point - focus on energy transition instead of just fossil fuel phase out

      • quote

        • Whatever one thinks of Sultan Al Jaber, one statement he’s made repeatedly makes perfect sense: “We cannot unplug the world from the current energy system before we build a new energy system.”
        • The focus, then, has to shift.
          • Instead of focusing on dismantling the incumbent system,
          • we need to focus on accelerating the deployment of the new system that will replace it
      • author: Nafeez Ahmed
      • date : Dec 6, 2023

      • key point

        • we must focus on the energy shift instead of just the phase out or down of the old energy system
    1. the overwhelming majority of people support are not on the political agenda which is why this whole the idea that there is a center in politics is a complete fiction
      • for: quote - there is no center, it's a fiction, quote - James Schneider - Progressive International

      • quote

      • key point
        • the things that the overwhelming majority of people support are not on the political agenda
          • which is why this whole the idea that there is a center in politics is a complete fiction
        • Elite consensus opinion is almost always massively in the minority
          • and so you have to work very hard to prevent things which are massively in the majority from getting political expression
        • Polling between 2/3 and 3/4 of people support (including generally speaking the majority of people who voted in the last election support) things like
          • public ownership of
            • energy
            • water
            • rail
            • mail, etc
          • a 15 pound an hour minimum wage
          • a wealth tax
      • All of these things considered way way on the left are not on the left, that's actually the center if you're talking about where is the mainstream British public opinion - and it's such strong public opinion because no one ever says it in the public sphere and when they do they are ridiculed
      • author: James Schneider, Progressive International
      • date: Dec, 2023
      • for: social tipping point, STP, social tipping point - misapplication, social tipping points - 4 application errors

      • title: Social tipping points everywhere?—Patterns and risks of overuse

      • author: Manjana Miikoreit
      • date: Nov 17, 2022

      • abstract

        • The last few years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the concept of social tipping points (STPs),
          • understood as nonlinear processes of transformative change in social systems.
        • A growing body of interdisciplinary scholarship has been focusing in particular on social tipping related to climate change.
        • In contrast with tipping point studies in the natural sciences–for example
          • climate tipping points and
          • ecological regime shifts–
        • STPs are often conceptualized as desirable, offering potential solutions to pressing problems.
        • Drawing on
          • a well-established definition for tipping points, and
          • a qualitative review of articles that explicitly treat social tipping points as potential solutions to climate change,
        • this article identifies four deleterious patterns in the application of the STP concept in this recent wave of research on nonlinear social change:
          • (i) premature labeling,
          • (ii) not defining system boundaries and scales of analysis,
          • (iii) not providing evidence for all characteristics of tipping processes, and
          • (iv) not making use of existing social theories of change.
        • Jointly, these patterns create a trend of overusing the concept.
        • Recognizing and avoiding these patterns of “seeing the world through tipping point glasses” is important for
          • the quality of scientific knowledge generated in this young field of inquiry and for
          • future science-policy interactions related to climate change.
        • Future research should seek to
          • identify empirical evidence for STPs while remaining open to the possibility that
            • many social change processes are not instances of tipping, or that
            • certain systems might not be prone to nonlinear change.
      • for: system justification theory, status quo bias

      • summary

        • Supporting their hypotheses, the authors identify a general trend that social marginalization is associated with less system-justification.
        • Those benefitting from the status quo (e.g., healthier, wealthier, less lonely) were more likely to hold system-justifying beliefs.
        • However, some groups who are disadvantaged within the existing system reported higher system-justification—suggesting that
          • system oppression may be a key moderator of the effect of social position on system justification.
        • This is a very important finding and could be used to develop more effective social tipping point strategies
    1. A personalized button gives users a quick indication of the session status, both on Google's side and on your website, before they click the button. This is especially helpful to end users who visit your website only occasionally. They may forget whether an account has been created or not, and in which way. A personalized button reminds them that Sign In With Google has been used before. Thus, it helps to prevent unnecessary duplicate account creation on your website.

      first sighting: sign-in: problem: forgetting whether an account has been created or not, and in which way

    1. Warning: Do not accept plain user IDs, such as those you can get with the GoogleUser.getId() method, on your backend server. A modified client application can send arbitrary user IDs to your server to impersonate users, so you must instead use verifiable ID tokens to securely get the user IDs of signed-in users on the server side.
  15. Nov 2023
    1. If I wanted to integrate this with an existing login system, “signing out” would mean signing out of my own application (and not out of my Google account).
    1. And so, in colonialcircumstances, the bard could become symptomatic and symbolic of theeducation of Africans and Caribbeans into a passive, subservient rela-tionship to dominant colonial culture

      Point C

    2. The pressing horrors of the Madagascan crisis prompted Mannonito find a new significance for The Tempest, encouraging him to weave areading of Shakespeare's poetic drama through his reading of the incipientdrama of decolonization

      Point A and C, Point A in that it is understood differently by someone; Point C in that it highlights the relevancy of the decolonial reading of The Tempest to the world today.

    3. When the man-monster, brutalised by long continued torture, be-gins, 'This island's mine, by Sycorax my mother, which thou takestfrom me', we have the whole case of the aboriginal against aggressivecivilisation dramatised before us. I confess I felt a sting of con-science-vicariously suffered for my Rhodesian friends, notablyDr. Jameson-when Caliban proceeded to unfold a similar caseto that of the Matebele

      "it services decolonialism by possibly enganging within the reader a sense of empathy for caliban"

    4. Ironically, it was Beerbohm Tree's unabashedly jingoistic productionof The Tempest in 1904 that elicited the first recorded response to thplay in anti-imperial terms, as one member of the audience assimilatethe action to events surrounding the Matabele uprising in

      This has been happening for a long time (seeing the play through colonialist lens). This was picked up by an audience member, which is evidence that it isn't a forced narrative of the play, it's a natural point of understanding.

    Tags

    Annotators

    1. It is important that these are not reloadable, because edits would not be reflected in those cached stale objects.
    2. This is key for classes and modules that are cached in places that survive reloads, like the Rails framework itself.
    1. One more example of a simple approach to this that might help a lot too is add a PORO generator. It could be incredibly basic - rails g poro MyClass yields class MyClass end But by doing that and landing the file in the app/models directory, it would make it clear that was the intended location instead of lib.
    2. lib/ is intended to be for non-app specific library code that just happens to live in the app for now (usually pending extraction into open source or whatever).
    3. Everything has a place so do better and find it. There is a certain belief that everything within app should be organized into functionally-named directories and any files placed in app/lib actually belongs in app/services or app/interactors or app/models or someplace if the developers just tried harder. The implication is that developers are bad developers if they don’t yet know what kind of constant they have and where its forever home should be. I reject this. Over the lifespan of an application, there will be constants that have not yet found their functional kin, if those kin ever come to exist at all; sometimes you simply need some code and a place to put it. app/lib can be the convention for where those constants can live temporarily or as long as necessary. Autoloading is really nice, let’s treat them to it.
    4. It is confusing that app/lib is named similarly to lib . I agree, but it is not uncommon to have directories with the same name and similar function nested under different contexts. I believe developers can handle this complexity. Most similarly, Linux has lib and usr/lib . Within a new Rails app, there are many such directories that are manageable: app/assets and lib/assets (sometimes even vendor/assets too) app/javascript and vendor/javascript storage and tmp/storage config and app/assets/config app/controllers and app/javascript/controllers
      • for: conflict resolution - Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Toda Peace Institute, Lisa Schirch, 5 point peace plan

      • title: 5-Point Peace Plan to Protect Civilians, Address Trauma, Invest in Democracy, and Dismantle Hamas and the Israeli Occupation

      • author: Lisa Schirch
      • date: Nov 2023

      • Abstract

        • There is no military solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
        • A just political solution is essential.
        • This article expands the narratives of what is necessary at this moment when too many simply say “there is no other way” or “ceasefire” which both leave many questions unanswered.
        • This 5-point peace plan identifies a range of strategic principles and bridgebuilding processes to protect the safety and ensure the democratic freedoms of both Israelis and Palestinians.
        • It emphasises the shared humanity and traumas of both Palestinians and Jewish Israelis.
        • A sustainable peace will require that journalists and political leaders use their power to focus on
          • protecting civilians,
          • dismantling Hamas,
          • ending occupation,
          • addressing trauma, and
          • investing in democracy.
    1. Quelles sont les personnesqui ne peuvent pas se présenteraux élections des représentantsdes parents d’élèves ?

      attention, les beau parents dans les familles recomposées tentent parfois de se présenter sans avoir l'autorité parentale, se qui pose problème

    2. Examen des conditions d’organisation du dialogueavec les parents lors de la première réunion du conseild’école
    1. . une personne citée surinternet bénéficie-t-eLLed’un droit de réponse ?
    2. . qu’est-ce que L’injure ?A la différence de la diffamation, l’injure ne renfermel’imputation d’aucun fait précis. Elle est définie parl’article 29 de la loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la liberté dela presse
    3. La bonne foi permet-eLLed’éviter La condamnationpour diffamation ?Oui, mais la reconnaissance de la bonne foi est sou-mise à plusieurs conditions cumulatives.
    4. qu’est-ce que La diffamation ?Tout propos désagréable n’est pas une diffamation.L’article 29 de la loi du 29 juillet 1881 sur la libertéde la presse
    5. queLLes sont Les précautionsà prendre en termesd’iLLustrationdes pubLications ?
  16. Oct 2023
      • for: climate science - for policymakers, climate science - for citizens, leverage point, leverage point - climate science, missed opportunity - citizen movement

      • comment

        • has anyone thought about the idea of writing a science report - FOR THE CITIZEN? It seems that there is a potentially large missed opportunity by NOT seriously engaging the public with climate science and thinking that the policymakers are the only ones who can make the system change.
        • question
          • what if
            • climate science reports and studies can ALSO be written for THE GENERAL PUBLIC?
    1. Des enfants en situation de précarité privés d’école La Défenseure des droits tient à rappeler l'illégalité de tout refus de scolarisation opposé aux enfants de familles de voyageurs, aux enfants hébergés en hôtel social ou encore aux enfants vivant dans des habitations précaires, y compris en cas d’occupation illicite d’un terrain ou d’impossibilité de fournir un justificatif de domicile. La Défenseure des droits alerte en outre sur les données inquiétantes relatives au décrochage scolaire des enfants de familles de voyageurs et souhaite que ce phénomène soit précisément évalué, afin que soient adoptées des mesures permettant d’y remédier définitivement.
    2. Des lycéens qui seront sans lycée au jour de la rentrée scolaire Dans une décision rendue publique le 6 juillet dernier, la Défenseure des droits alertait les services académiques et le Ministère de l’éducation nationale sur la situation des élèves qui n’avaient pas pu effectuer leur rentrée au lycée en septembre 2022, en raison d’une absence ou d’un retard d’affectation. Un défaut d’anticipation dans la prévision des effectifs et l’affectation de moyens adéquats a laissé près de 18 000 élèves sans affectation à la rentrée dernière, plongeant les jeunes concernés et leurs familles dans un grand désarroi durant de nombreuses semaines. L’institution du Défenseur des droits a déjà été alertée sur la situation de plusieurs élèves encore en attente d’une affectation dans la semaine précédant la rentrée scolaire 2023 et reste vigilante sur la résolution rapide de ces situations, ainsi que sur la mise en œuvre des recommandations portées dans sa décision du 6 juillet.
    3. Des enfants en situation de handicap privés de leurs droits Alors que l’institution avait émis des recommandations dans un rapport publié en août 2022 visant à instaurer une école réellement inclusive et sans discrimination, elle est toujours saisie de situations révélant une réelle carence dans l’accueil à l’école des élèves en situation de handicap. Le comité des droits de l’enfant de l’ONU, a par ailleurs demandé expressément en juin dernier à la France de prendre toutes mesures permettant d’améliorer significativement l’inclusion scolaire des enfants en situation de handicap. Diminution du temps de présence scolaire voire déscolarisation, défaut d’accompagnement humain en classe ou à la cantine, absence de mise en œuvre des aménagements pédagogiques nécessaires, manque de formation des personnels… autant de difficultés qui ne peuvent garantir le droit à l’éducation de tous ces enfants. La Défenseure des droits constate que les établissements scolaires, faisant face à un nombre d’élèves par classe souvent très élevé, et très sollicités pour la mise en œuvre de l’école inclusive, ne se voient pas allouer les moyens nécessaires pour permettre une inclusion respectueuse des droits et de l’intérêt supérieur des enfants concernés. Elle réitère ainsi ses recommandations et appelle urgemment les pouvoirs publics à mobiliser les moyens indispensables pour garantir l’école inclusive.
    1. And as others have pointed out, there is potential for ambiguity: if A is dependent on B, then a dependence or dependency (relationship) exists; but referring to either A or B as the dependency demands context.

      "demands context" :)

    2. There are certainly cases where you can use dependency and cannot use dependence: for example "The UK's overseas dependencies", or "This software releases has dependencies on Unix and Java". So if the dependent things are discrete and countable, it should definitely be "dependency".
    1. to the bottom of the next image, about a fifth of a second later, like that. And they're getting faster and faster each time, and if I stack these guys up, then we see the differences; the increase in the speed is constant. And they say, "Oh, yeah. Constant acceleration. And how shall we

      For anyone interested in this I would also recommend anything regarding etoys https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prIwpKL57dMhttp://www.squeakland.org/

  17. Sep 2023
      • for: climate change - false binary, jobs vs environment, example, example climate change - false binary, climate departure, leverage point

      • example: false environmental binary

        • activists need to better communicate the false binary that climate denialists keep using to pull the wool over people's eyes.
        • jobs vs environment ignores the short term threat of environmental degradation
        • this is where participatory climate departure can show the threat in a visceral, concrete way that is far more compelling you the average person than any intellectual attempt to explain the differences example - climate change - false binary
    1. I think we need more societal engagement among scientists.
      • for: scientist activism, idling resources - scientist activism, leverage point - scientist activism
      • comment
        • Both Johan and Kevin provide personal stories of how few scientists are out there doing societal engagement.
        • Hence, this is truly a idling resource that needs a space that will attract them to engage in impactful ways.
        • This is where citizens and communities can provide the support that scientists need to take on their societal responsibilities at this time
    1. Social tipping points and physical tipping points are interrelated. With environmental stress, the former could arrive before the latter, and then cascades develop. Hamburg Climate Futures Outlook 2023: https://www.cliccs.uni-hamburg.de/results/hamburg-climate-futures-outlook.html
      • for: TPF
      • comment
        • Hamburg climate futures outlook 2023 report supports need for something on the scale of the planned TPF
    1. For me, I don't have an issue, but there was one syntax situation I found awkward: I need to sometimes know whether it is a class or a module that I am modifying. So I may have code: module Foo module Bar class Baz versus: class Foo::Bar::Baz It's not a huge issue, but ruby would yield an error if I specify a class or module incorrectly (which can happen if you spread code out into different .rb files, so I understand why there is an error message shown, to avoid accidents). But I then also wondered why I have to care whether it is a module or class, if my primary goal is to modify something, such as by adding a method. If I want to add a method: def foobar; end then I really should never be required to have to know whether I am modifying a class or a module.
    1. “On one hand, if it’s only 12% accounting for half the beef consumption, you could make some big gains if you get those 12% on board,” Rose says. “On the other hand, those 12% may be most resistant to change.”
      • for: quote, quote - meat eating, climate impact - meat eating, leverage point - meat eating, leverage demographic

      • quote

        • On one hand, if it’s only 12% accounting for half the beef consumption,
          • you could make some big gains if you get those 12% on board
        • On the other hand,
          • those 12% may be most resistant to change
      • author Donald Rose
      • reference: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/17/3795
    1. Root directories are recommended not to be nested; however, Zeitwerk provides support for nested root directories since in frameworks like Rails, both app/models and app/models/concerns belong to the autoload paths. Zeitwerk identifies nested root directories and treats them as independent roots. In the given example, concerns is not considered a namespace within app/models. For instance, consider the following file: app/models/concerns/geolocatable.rb should define Geolocatable, not Concerns::Geolocatable.
  18. Aug 2023
    1. the systemwide optimum population cohort for the climate action interventions is a community (P4) of 10 000 persons
      • for: cross-scale translation of earth system boundaries, downscaled planetary boundaries, leverage point

      • stats

        • 10000 to 1 million is optimum size
      • question: investigate rationale
    2. We suggest that prioritizing the analyzed climate actions between community and urban scales, where global and local converge, can help catalyze and enhance individual, household and local practices, and support national and international policies and finances for rapid sustainability transformations.
      • for: cross-scale translation of earth system boundaries, downscaled planetary boundaries, leverage point
      • key finding
        • suitable cohorts and cohort ranges for rapidly deploying climate and sustainability actions between a single individual and the globally projected ∼ 10 billion persons by 2050 is:
        • community scale between 10k and 100k
      • for: cross-scale translation of earth system boundaries, downscaled planetary boundaries, leverage point
      • title: Powers of 10: seeking 'sweet spots' for rapid climate and sustainability actions between individual and global scales
    1. Demographic and Socioeconomic Correlates of Disproportionate Beef Consumption among US Adults in an Age of Global Warming
      • for: climate change impacts - dietary, climate change impacts - meat eating, carbon footprint - meat, leverage point - meat eating
      • title: Demographic and Socioeconomic Correlates of Disproportionate Beef Consumption among US Adults in an Age of Global Warming
      • author: Donald Rose
      • date: Aug. 30, 2023

      • stats

        • study based on NHANES study of 10, 248 U.S. adults between 2015 and 2018 indicated that 12% accounted for all beef consumed
    1. The point of acts_as_paranoid is keeping old versions around, not really destroying them, so you can look at past state, or roll back to past version. Do you consider the attached file part of the state you should be able to look at? If you roll back to past version, should it have it's attachment there too, in the restored version?
    1. Without a solid spiritual foundation, humanity may well continue on its path toward self-destruction, whether it be through environmental collapse, nuclear war or Artificial Intelligence gone haywire. On the other hand, if we evolve our culture to value inner work as much as we value outer work, then our individual and collective spiritual wisdom might just catch up with our rapidly advancing technology.
    1. there is a critical tipping threshold of 35% of the population, for plausible distributions of risk/conformity preferences and expectations.
      • for: social tipping point, STP, social norms, 35% threshold, 25% threshold, TPF
      • question
        • is this result contradicting Centola's 25% threshold finding?
    2. Can policy promote beneficial norm change? The model suggests that effective interventions lower the tipping threshold.
      • for: social tipping point, STP, TPF, social norms, complex contagion, lowering threshold
      • policy changes can lower tipping point thresholds
    3. Two factors consistently helped hasten beneficial change in our study.
      • for: social tipping point, STP, tipping point, social norm, complex contagion
      • study findings
        • Two factors can help hasten beneficial change
          • common understanding of the benefits from change due to:
            • events that attract attention
            • opinion polls that aggregate information
            • finding an angle on an issue that appeals to a broad demographics
          • perserverence
            • leaders who persevere even at great cost
      • for: social tipping point, STP, 25% threshold, 35% threshold, social norms, complex contagion, TPF
      • title
        • Social tipping points and forecasting norm change
      • authors
        • Nikos Nikiforakis
        • Simon Siegenthaler James Andreoni
      • for: social tipping points, STP, social tipping point, leverage point, Sirkku Juhola

      • title

        • Social tipping points and adaptation limits in the context of systemic risk: Concepts, models and governance
      • authors
        • Sirkku Juhola
        • Tatiana Filatova
        • Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler
        • Reinhard Mechler
        • Jurgen Scheffran
        • Pia-Johanna Schweizer
      • date
        • Sept 21, 2022
      • abstract

        • Physical tipping points have gained a lot of attention in global and climate change research to understand the conditions for system transitions when it comes to the atmosphere and the biosphere.
        • Social tipping points have been framed as mechanisms in socio-environmental systems, where a small change in the underlying elements or behavior of actors triggers a large non-linear response in the social system.
        • With climate change becoming more acute, it is important to know whether and how societies can adapt.
        • While social tipping points related to climate change have been associated with positive or negative outcomes,
          • overstepping adaptation limits has been linked to adverse outcomes where actors' values and objectives are strongly compromised.
        • Currently, the evidence base is limited, and most of the discussion on social tipping points in climate change adaptation and risk research is conceptual or anecdotal.
        • This paper brings together three strands of literature -
          • social tipping points,
          • climate adaptation limits and
          • systemic risks,
        • which so far have been separate.
        • Furthermore, we discuss
          • methods and
          • models
        • used to illustrate the dynamics of
          • social and
          • adaptation tipping points
        • in the context of cascading risks at different scales beyond adaptation limits.
        • We end with suggesting that further evidence is needed to identify tipping points in social systems,
          • which is crucial for developing appropriate governance approaches.
      • reference

    1. But it's so essential that we go to this place that our brain gave us a solution. Evolution gave us a solution. And it's possibly one of the most profound perceptual experiences. And it's the experience of awe.

      -for: awe, wonder, Deep Humanity, inner transformation, transition, inner/outer transformation, social tipping point, individual tipping point - Awe / wonder (getting in touch with the sacred) is evolutions solution to helping us transition into the unknown - This is in alignment with the essence of the open source Deep Humanity praxis - helping individuals to rediscover the sacred, to transform life back into a living experience of awe and wonder - Deep Humanity's purpose is to rekindle awe so that - we may bring about an individual tipping point, and collectively, - collective tipping point in global society to accelerate the transition out of the polycrisis

      ...moving from the scared back to the sacred

  19. Jul 2023
    1. In addition to their high GHG emissions from consumption, high-SES people have disproportionate climate influence through at least four non-consumer roles: as investors, as role models within their social networks and for others who observe their choices, as participants in organizations and as citizens seeking to influence public policies or corporate behaviour
      • for: high-SES, 1%, W2W, inequality, carbon inequality, elites, billionaires, millionaires, leverage point
      • five high carbon emission areas of high-SES, HNWI, VHNWI
        • consumption
        • investor
        • role model within social networks
        • participants in organizations
        • citizens seeking to influence public policies or corporate behavior
    2. We focus on individuals and households with high socioeconomic status (SES; henceforth, high-SES people) because they have generated many of the problems of fossil fuel dependence that affect the rest of humanity.
      • for: high-SES, 1%, W2W, inequality, carbon inequality, elites, billionaires, millionaires, leverage point
      • definition
        • high-SES
          • high socioeconomic status
          • equivalent to high net worth individual (HNWI) or
          • very high net worth individual (VHNWI)
      • for: carbon inequality, w2w, leverage point - climate change, 1%, inequality, wealth tax
      • title
        • The role of high-socioeconomic-status people in locking in or rapidly reducing energy-driven greenhouse gas emissions
      • authors
        • Kristian S. Nielsen
        • Kimberly A. Nicholas
        • Felix Creutzig
        • Thomas Dietz
        • Paul C. Stern
      • date
      • abstract
        • People with high socioeconomic status disproportionally affect energy-driven greenhouse gas emissions directly
          • through their consumption and
          • indirectly through their financial and social resources.
        • However, few climate change mitigation initiatives have targeted this population segment,
          • and the potential of such initiatives remains insufficiently researched.
        • In this Perspective, we analyse key characteristics of high-socioeconomic-status people and explore five roles through which they have a disproportionate impact on energy-driven greenhouse gas emissions and potentially on climate change mitigation, namely as:
          • consumers,
          • investors,
          • role models,
          • organizational participants and
          • citizens.
        • We examine what is known about their disproportionate impact via consumption and
          • explore their potential influence on greenhouse gas emissions through all five roles.
        • We suggest that future research should focus on strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by high-socioeconomic-status people and to align their
          • investments,
          • organizational choices and
          • actions as social and political change agents
        • with climate change mitigation goals.
    1. theology managed to change right from from the medieval theology
      • for: system change, social tipping point
        • if theology can change so radically, so too can economics
    1. "In the paper we sketch five different roles
      • for: carbon inequality, W2W, leverage point

      • five leverage points

        • consumer.
        • investors
        • lobbyist
        • influencer
        • citizen
    2. people who are wealthy contribute the most to causing climate change, they are unfortunately also in the most ideal position to help us mitigate climate change.
      • for: W2W, carbon inequality, leverage point
      • quote
        • "people who are wealthy contribute the most to causing climate change,
          • they are unfortunately also in the most ideal position to help us mitigate climate change"
      • author
    1. this is 30 years of ipcc Assessments from the third assessment in 2009 all the way to the 1.5 degrees Celsius 00:09:50 assessment a few years back this is the red Embers diagram of confidence in science and what you see for each column is the assessment of risk of irreversible changes and at what 00:10:03 temperature levels 20 years ago at the third assessment the risk was basically assessed as zero because it was set at six degrees Celsius nobody was suggesting we would end up at six degrees but look at the trend line the 00:10:16 more we learn about the planet the more we understand about the coupled interactive Earth system the lower is the temperature at which we put risks of irreversible changes and it's down in 00:10:29 the less than two degrees Celsius range now blinking red so that's where we are
      • for: planetary boundaries, tipping points, planetary tipping points
    2. the Breakthrough here is that for the first time we've been able to put temperature thresholds on the 00:08:44 likely temperatures when we cross the Tipping points that's the color schemes you see in the color coding these five are the ones we really need to be concerned with because they are the first ones on the line at 1.5 degrees 00:08:58 Celsius they're likely to cross their tipping points we're talking here about the green and ice sheet the West Antarctic ice sheet all the tropical coral reef systems home to over 500 million people's livelihood 00:09:11 the Boreal permafrost a breath throwing a permafrost and loss of the barren sea ice
      • for tipping point, planetary tipping point
      • likely temperature thresholds for breaching planetary tipping points at 1.5 Deg C
        • Greenland Ice sheet
        • West Antarctica ice sheet
        • tropical coral reef system
        • boreal permafrost
        • Berent sea ice
      • for: social tipping point, STP
      • title
        • Creating Change: How to Make Big Things Happen
      • guest
        • Damon Centola
      • description
        • a very clear exposition of how complex contagion works and what must be done to spread complex behavior change
      • comment
        • this is particularly important for rapid whole system change and mobilizing a bottom-up movement to deal with our current polycrisis
    1. The distinction doesn't refer to the files _contents_ but how to the file is _treated_ when it is being read or written. In "rb"/"wb" modes files are left how they are, in "r"/"w" modes Windows programmers get line ends "\r\n" translated into "\n" what disturbs file positions and string lengths.
    1. when the size of the committed minority reached~25% of the population, a tipping point wastriggered, and the minority group succeeded inchanging the established social convention.
      • Key finding
        • when the size of the committed minority reached ~25% of the population,
          • a tipping point was triggered, and the minority group succeeded in changing the established social convention.
      • Title
        • Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention
      • Authors
        • Damon Centola
        • Joshua Becker
        • Devon Brackbill
        • Andrea Baronchelli
      • Date
        • 2018
      • Source
        • Science 360, 1116-1119 (2018)
    1. Abstract
      • The Buddha taught that everything is
        • connected and
        • constantly changing.
      • These fundamental observations of the world are shared by
        • ecology and
        • evolution.
      • We are living in a time of unprecedented rates of extinction.
      • Science provides us with the information that we need to address this extinction crisis.
      • However, the problems underlying extinction generally do not result from a lack of scientific understanding,
        • but they rather result from an unwillingness to take the needed action.
      • I present mindfulness and meditative aspects of Zen practice that provide the deeper “knowing,” or awareness that we need to inspire action on these problems.

      • comment

        • emptiness is interdependency and change
        • in Deep Humanity praxis, it is equivalent to
          • human INTERbeing and
          • human INTERbeCOMing
    1. I understand Duo follows the spec and attempts to make life easier by giving users the full 30 seconds, but unfortunately service providers don’t honor that recommendation, which leads to lockouts and a bunch of calls to our 1st line teams. You can’t tell users to stop using {platform}, but we can tell them to switch TOTP providers.
    1. Nowhere is the P&V distortion so plain and disturbing as in their versions of Tolstoy.Critics sometimes say it is impossible to ruin Tolstoy because his diction is so straightforward. But it is actually quite easy to misrepresent him if one does not understand the language of novels. Since Jane Austen, novels have tended to trace a character’s thoughts in the third person. The choice of words, and the way one thought begets another, belongs to the character, and so we come to know her inner voice. At the same time, the character’s view may not comport with the author’s, and it is the art of the writer to make clear that what the character is seeing is deluded or self-serving or foolish. This “double-voicing” lies at the heart of the 19th-century novelistic enterprise. For Dickens and Trollope, “double-voicing” becomes the vehicle of satire, while George Eliot and Tolstoy use it for masterful psychological exploration. If one misses what is going on, the whole point of a passage can be lost.
    1. Making MoneySerializer reloadable would be confusing, because reloading an edited version would have no effect on that class object stored in Active Job.
    2. There, the module object stored in MyDecoration by the time the initializer runs becomes an ancestor of ActionController::Base, and reloading MyDecoration is pointless, it won't affect that ancestor chain.
  20. Jun 2023
    1. What I do care about, though, is that we might start to accept and adopt opinions like “that feature is bad”, or “this sucks”, without ever pausing to question them or explore the feature ourselves.
    2. If we hand most, if not all responsibility for that exploration to the relatively small number of people who talk at conferences, or have popular blogs, or who tweet a lot, or who maintain these very popular projects and frameworks, then that’s only a very limited perspective compared to the enormous size of the Ruby community.
    1. Have you ever: Been disappointed, surprised or hurt by a library etc. that had a bug that could have been fixed with inheritance and few lines of code, but due to private / final methods and classes were forced to wait for an official patch that might never come? I have. Wanted to use a library for a slightly different use case than was imagined by the authors but were unable to do so because of private / final methods and classes? I have.
    2. If it's dangerous, note it in the class/method Javadocs, don't just blindly slam the door shut.
    3. Been disappointed, surprised or hurt by a library etc. that was overly permissive in it's extensibility? I have not.
    1. Exposing properties gives you a way to hide the implementation. It also allows you to change the implementation without changing the code that uses it (e.g. if you decide to change the way data are stored in the class)
    2. Anything that isn't explicitly enforced by contract is vulnerable to misunderstandings. It's doing your teammates a great service, and reducing everyone's effort, by eliminating ambiguity and enforcing information flow by design.
    3. Far more preferable is to minimize data structure so that it tends to be normalized and not to have inconsistent states. Then, if a member of a class is changed, it is simply changed, rather than damaged.
    1. If I continue the conversation after I create a shared link, will the rest of my conversation appear in the shared link?No. Think of a shared link as a snapshot of a conversation up to the point at which you generate the shared link. Once a shared link is created for a specific conversation or message, it will not include any future messages added to the conversation after the link was generated. This means that if you continue the conversation after creating the shared link, those additional messages will not be visible through the shared link.
  21. May 2023
    1. while I'm not as strongly against the above example code as the others, specifically because you did call it out as pseudocode and it is for illustrative purposes only, perhaps all of the above comments could be addressed by replacing your query = ... lines with simple query = // Insert case-sensitive/insensitive search here comments as that keeps the conversation away from the SQL injection topic and focuses on what you're trying to show. In other words, keep it on the logic, not the implementation. It will silence the critics.
    2. I know this is an old question but I just want to comment here: To any extent email addresses ARE case sensitive, most users would be "very unwise" to actively use an email address that requires capitals. They would soon stop using the address because they'd be missing a lot of their mail. (Unless they have a specific reason to make things difficult, and they expect mail only from specific senders they know.) That's because imperfect humans as well as imperfect software exist, (Surprise!) which will assume all email is lowercase, and for this reason these humans and software will send messages using a "lower cased version" of the address regardless of how it was provided to them. If the recipient is unable to receive such messages, it won't be long before they notice they're missing a lot, and switch to a lowercase-only email address, or get their server set up to be case-insensitive.
    1. A flaw can become entrenched as a de facto standard. Any implementation of the protocol is required to replicate the aberrant behavior, or it is not interoperable. This is both a consequence of applying the robustness principle, and a product of a natural reluctance to avoid fatal error conditions. Ensuring interoperability in this environment is often referred to as aiming to be "bug for bug compatible".
    1. This doesn't make any sense, though. Once you recognize that the two may represent different addresses, you're arbitrarily choosing the first one in your system as the right one, when the second one is just as right. Just give up at that point and lowercase ’em.

      which one should be considered the correct one?

    2. Some say you should treat addresses as case-preserving as opposed to case-sensitive, meaning you don't change IStillUse@AOL.COM to istilluse@aol.com but you still consider it a dupe of iSTilLUSE@aol.com.
    1. GLOBIN

      Globin Gene Switching is a process of sequential activation and inactivation of globin genes during development. Here's how it works:

      1. Transcription factors along with epigenetic elements such as DNA methyltransferases and demethylases interact with enhancers "upstream" of the β-globin gene cluster that contact globin gene promoters.
      2. This process silences the embryonic and fetal genes.
      3. Activation of fetal globin gene repressors during development allows expression of the adult genes.
      4. Developmental factors such as RNA-binding factors and microRNAs also impact hemoglobin switching.

      β-Globin Gene Switching:

      1. An upstream super-enhancer called the β-globin locus control region (LCR) binds erythroid-specific and ubiquitous transcription factors.
      2. The LCR interacts directly with globin gene promoters.
      3. Transcription factors that silence and activate genes also interact with elements of the globin genes.
      4. Competition among the β-like genes for the LCR and autonomous silencing of the embryonic and fetal globin genes depends on transcription factors.
      5. Silencing, first of HBE and then of HBG2 and HBG1, favors the interaction of the LCR with HBB.
      6. When HBG2 or HBG1 is upregulated by rare point mutations in their promoters, expression of the linked HBB is downregulated.
      7. Deletions of the HBB promoter remove competition for the LCR, increasing the expression of HBG2, HBG1, and HBD.
      8. The transcription factors BCL11A and ZBTB7A silence the HbF genes.
      9. BCL11A binds to the HbF gene promoters, repressing them and silencing transcription; ZBTB7A binds upstream of BCL11A with similar repressive effects.
      10. Mutations in these binding sites abolish the normal silencing of the HbF genes, leading to hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH).
      11. Disruption of the BCL11A regulatory elements or the binding sites for BCL11A by gene editing is a prime therapeutic target for HbF induction.

      α-Globin Gene Switching:

      1. A less complex switch takes place in the α-globin gene cluster.
      2. A regulatory locus of four elements termed R1-R4 is present within introns of the gene NPRL3 that is upstream of HBA2.
      3. A developmental switch from embryonic ζ- to adult α-globin gene expression occurs at about 6 weeks’ gestation.

      Modulation of HbF Level:

      1. Variations in three quantitative trait loci (QTL), BCL11A, MYB, and a locus linked to the HBB cluster, account for a major portion of HbF variation among normal individuals and patients with sickle cell anemia and β thalassemia.
      2. BCL11A, a zinc finger protein that represses HbF genes, binds TGACCA motifs, the most important at position –115 in the promoter of each γ-globin gene.
      3. ZBTB7A binds 85 nucleotides upstream of these BCL11A binding sites; its binding also represses γ-globin gene transcription.
      4. When binding of either BCL11A or ZBTB7A is disrupted, silencing of HBG2 and HBG1 is abrogated.
      5. The MYB gene is essential for hematopoiesis and erythroid differentiation.
      6. MYB inhibits HbF expression directly by activation of KLF1 and other repressors and indirectly through alteration
    1. therapeutic

      Here are the detailed points based on the given text:

      • A therapeutic trial can be highly cost-effective when a specific diagnosis is suggested on the initial physician encounter.
      • Examples of conditions that may warrant a therapeutic trial include chronic watery diarrhea, bloating and diarrhea after a mountain backpacking trip, and postprandial diarrhea following the resection of the terminal ileum.
      • Persistent symptoms require additional investigation.
      • Additional focused evaluations may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and characterize the severity or extent of disease so that treatment can be best guided.
      • Patients suspected of having irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should be initially evaluated with flexible sigmoidoscopy with colorectal biopsies to exclude inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or microscopic colitis.
      • Patients with normal findings might be reassured and treated empirically with antispasmodics, antidiarrheals, or antidepressants.
      • Any patient who presents with chronic diarrhea and hematochezia should be evaluated with stool microbiologic studies and colonoscopy.
      • In about two-thirds of cases, the cause for chronic diarrhea remains unclear after the initial encounter, and further testing is required.
      • Quantitative stool collection and analyses can yield important objective data that may establish a diagnosis or characterize the type of diarrhea as a triage for focused additional studies.
      • Additional stool analyses should be performed if stool weight is >200 g/d, which might include electrolyte concentration, pH, occult blood testing, leukocyte inspection (or leukocyte protein assay), fat quantitation, and laxative screens.
      • For secretory diarrheas (watery, normal osmotic gap), possible medication-related side effects or surreptitious laxative use should be reconsidered.
      • Microbiologic studies should be done, including fecal bacterial cultures (including media for Aeromonas and Plesiomonas), inspection for ova and parasites, and Giardia antigen assay (the most sensitive test for giardiasis).
      • Small-bowel bacterial overgrowth can be excluded by intestinal aspirates with quantitative cultures or with glucose or lactulose breath tests.
      • Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy with biopsies and small-bowel x-rays are helpful to rule out structural or occult inflammatory disease.
      • When suggested by history or other findings, screens for peptide hormones should be pursued.
      • Further evaluation of osmotic diarrhea should include tests for lactose intolerance and magnesium ingestion, the two most common causes.
      • Low fecal pH suggests carbohydrate malabsorption.
      • If fecal magnesium or laxative levels are elevated, inadvertent or surreptitious ingestion should be considered and psychiatric help should be sought.
      • For those with proven fatty diarrhea, endoscopy with small-bowel biopsy should be performed.
      • If small-bowel studies are negative or if pancreatic disease is suspected, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency should be excluded with direct tests.
      • Chronic inflammatory-type diarrheas should be suspected by the presence of blood or leukocytes in the stool.
      • Stool cultures, inspection for ova and parasites, C. difficile toxin assay, colonoscopy with biopsies, and small-bowel imaging studies may be warranted for such cases.
    2. APPROACH

      APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH CHRONIC DIARRHEA:

      1. Take a careful history: Include onset, duration, pattern, aggravating factors (especially diet), relieving factors, and stool characteristics. Ask about the presence or absence of fecal incontinence, fever, weight loss, pain, exposures (travel, medications, contacts with diarrhea), and common extraintestinal manifestations (skin changes, arthralgias, oral aphthous ulcers). A family history of IBD or celiac disease may also be noted.

      2. Perform a physical examination: Look for clues such as a thyroid mass, wheezing, heart murmurs, edema, hepatomegaly, abdominal masses, lymphadenopathy, mucocutaneous abnormalities, perianal fistulas, or anal sphincter laxity.

      3. Order routine blood studies: Evaluate fluid/electrolyte and nutritional status. Look for peripheral blood leukocytosis, elevated sedimentation rate, or C-reactive protein which suggests inflammation; anemia reflects blood loss or nutritional deficiencies; or eosinophilia may occur with parasitoses, neoplasia, collagen-vascular disease, allergy, or eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Blood chemistries may demonstrate electrolyte, hepatic, or other metabolic disturbances. Measuring IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies may help detect celiac disease.

      4. Perform simple triage tests: If initial evaluation is unrevealing, simple triage tests are often warranted to direct the choice of more complex investigations. For example, a screening blood test (serum C4 or FGF-19), measurement of fecal bile acids, or a therapeutic trial with a bile acid sequestrant (e.g., cholestyramine, colestipol or colesevelam) can help confirm or rule out bile acid diarrhea.

      5. Consider referral to a specialist: If the above evaluation is unrevealing or if there are additional concerning symptoms or signs, referral to a gastroenterologist may be appropriate for further evaluation and management.

    3. Secretory

      Sure, here's a summary of the causes of secretory diarrhea presented in the text:

      Causes of secretory diarrhea:

      1. Medications: Regular ingestion of drugs and toxins, including prescription and over-the-counter medications, may produce diarrhea. Stimulant laxatives and chronic ethanol consumption may also cause secretory-type diarrhea.

      2. Bowel resection, mucosal disease, or enterocolic fistula: These conditions may result in secretory-type diarrhea because of inadequate surface for reabsorption of secreted fluids and electrolytes.

      3. Partial bowel obstruction, ostomy stricture, or fecal impaction: These may paradoxically lead to increased fecal output due to fluid hypersecretion.

      4. Hormones: Secretory diarrhea may be caused by hormones, including those released by metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, gastrinomas, VIPomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and systemic mastocytosis.

      5. Bacterial infections: Certain bacterial infections may occasionally persist and be associated with a secretory-type diarrhea.

      6. Environmental toxins: Inadvertent ingestion of certain environmental toxins (e.g., arsenic) may lead to chronic rather than acute forms of diarrhea.

      7. Idiopathic bile acid malabsorption (BAM): Reduced negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in hepatocytes by fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF-19) produced by ileal enterocytes results in a degree of bile-acid synthesis that exceeds the normal capacity for ileal reabsorption, producing BAD. An alternative cause of BAD is a genetic variation in the receptor proteins (β-klotho and fibroblast growth factor 4) on the hepatocyte that normally mediate the effect of FGF-19.

      8. Colonic transit: Genetic variation in the bile acid receptor (TGR5) in the colon may result in accelerated colonic transit.

      It's worth noting that some of these causes may overlap or occur in conjunction with each other.

    4. The

      Points:

      The cornerstone of diagnosis in those suspected of severe acute infectious diarrhea is microbiologic analysis of the stool.

      Workup includes cultures for bacterial and viral pathogens; direct inspection for ova and parasites; and immunoassays for certain bacterial toxins (C. difficile), viral antigens (rotavirus), and protozoal antigens (Giardia, E. histolytica).

      Clinical and epidemiologic associations may assist in focusing the evaluation.

      If a particular pathogen or set of possible pathogens is implicated, either the whole panel of routine studies may not be necessary or, in some instances, special cultures may be appropriate.

      Molecular diagnosis of pathogens in stool can be made by identification of unique DNA sequences, and evolving microarray technologies have led to more rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective diagnosis.

      Persistent diarrhea is commonly due to Giardia, but additional causative organisms that should be considered include C. difficile, E. histolytica, Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, and others.

      Flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsies and upper endoscopy with duodenal aspirates and biopsies may be indicated if stool studies are unrevealing.

      Structural examination by sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning may be appropriate in patients with uncharacterized persistent diarrhea to exclude IBD or as an initial approach in patients with suspected noninfectious acute diarrhea.

      Fluid and electrolyte replacement are of central importance to all forms of acute diarrhea.

      Oral sugar-electrolyte solutions (iso-osmolar sport drinks or designed formulations) should be instituted promptly with severe diarrhea to limit dehydration, which is the major cause of death.

      Profoundly dehydrated patients, especially infants and the elderly, require IV rehydration.

      In moderately severe nonfebrile and nonbloody diarrhea, antimotility and antisecretory agents such as loperamide can be useful adjuncts to control symptoms.

      Such agents should be avoided with febrile dysentery, which may be prolonged by them, and should be used with caution with drugs that increase levels due to cardiotoxicity.

      Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea but should not be used to treat immunocompromised patients or those with renal impairment because of the risk of bismuth encephalopathy.

      Judicious use of antibiotics is appropriate in selected instances of acute diarrhea and may reduce its severity and duration.

      Many physicians treat moderately to severely ill patients with febrile dysentery empirically without diagnostic evaluation using a quinolone, such as ciprofloxacin (500 mg bid for 3–5 d).

      Empirical treatment can also be considered for suspected giardiasis with metronidazole (250 mg qid for 7 d).

      Selection of antibiotics and dosage regimens are otherwise dictated by specific pathogens, geographic patterns of resistance, and conditions found.

      Newer agents such as nitazoxanide may be required for Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections because of resistance to first-line treatments.

      Antibiotic coverage is indicated, whether or not a causative organism is discovered, in patients who are immunocompromised, have mechanical heart valves or recent vascular grafts, or are elderly.

      Bismuth subsalicylate may reduce the frequency of traveler’s diarrhea.

      Antibiotic prophylaxis is only indicated for certain patients traveling to high-risk countries in whom the likelihood or seriousness of acquired diarrhea would be especially high.

      Use of ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, or rifaximin may reduce bacterial diarrhea in such travelers by 90%, though rifaximin is not suitable for invasive disease but rather as treatment for uncomplicated traveler’s

    5. SMALL

      Small-Intestinal Motility: - During fasting, the small intestine exhibits cyclical motility called migrating motor complex (MMC) - MMC clears nondigestible residue from the small intestine and occurs every 60-90 minutes, lasting an average of 4 minutes - After food ingestion, the small intestine exhibits irregular mixing contractions of low amplitude, except in the distal ileum where more powerful contractions occur intermittently and empty the ileum by bolus transfers

      Ileocolonic Storage and Salvage: - The distal ileum acts as a reservoir, emptying intermittently by bolus movements to allow for salvage of fluids, electrolytes, and nutrients - Segmentation by haustra compartmentalizes the colon and facilitates mixing, retention of residue, and formation of solid stools - Intestinal flora in the colon is necessary for the digestion of unabsorbed carbohydrates, providing a vital source of nutrients to the mucosa and keeping pathogens at bay - Ascending and transverse regions of the colon function as reservoirs, while the descending colon acts as a conduit - The colon conserves sodium and water, which is particularly important in sodium-depleted patients, and alteration in colon function can result in diarrhea or constipation

      Colonic Motility and Tone: - The small-intestinal MMC rarely continues into the colon, but short duration or phasic contractions mix colonic contents - High-amplitude (>75 mmHg) propagated contractions (HAPCs) are sometimes associated with mass movements through the colon and normally occur approximately five times per day - Increased frequency of HAPCs may result in diarrhea or urgency - Colonic tone is important for capacitance and sensation

      Colonic Motility After Meal Ingestion: - After meal ingestion, colonic phasic and tonic contractility increase for approximately 2 hours - The initial phase is mediated by the vagus nerve in response to mechanical distention of the stomach, while the subsequent response requires caloric stimulation and is mediated, at least in part, by hormones (e.g., gastrin and serotonin)

      Defecation: - Tonic contraction of the puborectalis muscle maintains continence, while relaxation facilitates defecation - Distention of the rectum results in transient relaxation of the internal anal sphincter via intrinsic and reflex sympathetic innervation - Sigmoid and rectal contractions, as well as straining, increase pressure within the rectum, causing the rectosigmoid angle to open by >15° - Voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter permits evacuation of feces, while its contraction delays defecation.

  22. Apr 2023