Finding that the TH-IR neuron counts are reversible upon application of opposite photoperiod treatment is further evidence that sensory stimuli can induce neuroplastic changes in the already mature brain.

BrdU labeling did not result in significant amounts of active poliferating cells; this is an initial indication that inverse SST and dopamine expression is not due to neurogenesis.

In order for the dopamine alterations to be induced by changes in light exposure duration, the dopaminergic neurons must be able to receive retinal input, as is the case with the dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalmic nuclei, innervated by the retino-hypothalmic projection. If the neurotransmitter respecificaiton is indeed due to the photoperiod treatment, dopamine production at an adjacent dopamine source, which does not receive retinal input via the SCN, should be unaffected.

Within the three photoperiods, 19L:5D, 5L:19D, and 12L:12D, the number of TH-IR neurons are similar. Because there is a consensus within each photoperiod, this is indicating that circadian fluctuations are not contributing to neurotransmitter respecificaiton.

In panel C, before KCl depolarization, there is observable fluorescent signals from FFN511, indicating dopamine uptake. Upon KCl depolarization, the fluorescence is diminished; this is indicative of dopamine release. The results of panel C are consistent with panel A and B in that during the long day light condition (19 hours light, 5 hours darkness), the fluorescence signal is the lowest, which means less dopamine being taken up.

Panel B: The fact that in all three photoperiod conditions, dopamine is colocalized with TH validates the use of TH as a marker of dopamine synthesis.

The researchers found that neurotransmitters are not actually fixed upon maturation, but are, in actuality, dynamic and can be affected by sensory stimuli such as longer or shorter photoperiods. Changes in transmitter expression result in behavioral changes as well. Thus, follow up research can explore what other sensory stimuli can change transmitter expression and also examine the corresponding behaviors that are regulated by those transmitters.

Shortening the length of daylight the rats are exposed to induced the formation of new dopaminergic neurons and thereby restored the rats' previous (normal) behaviors, i.e., the rats no longer displayed anxious and depressed behaviors.

Using drugs to prevent dopamine production resulted in anxious and depressed behaviors by the rats; these same behaviors were also observed following extended day length exposure.

When more of the neurotransmitter dopamine is produced, there is also an increase in the postsynaptic dopamine receptor. Likewise, when less dopamine is produced, it follows that there is a decreased expression of dopamine receptors. However, for somatostatin, this was not the case. Regardless of whether somatostatin production is increased or decreased, the somatostatin receptor expression is unchanged.

the website i used had over forty examples of grammatical errors. here are the ones i chose.

1. "first come, first serve." this sentence sounds right when i say it, but the website says that the word is actually supposed to be "served" and not "serve." the lack of the d making it past tense makes the sentence "lose its meaning." this is obviously just verbs losing their endings, which is a sign of language change.

2. using "me" to start a sentence. grammatically, the website says, we are supposed to list ourselves second and the other noun first. the author of this website obviously has very strict views on subject pronouns and object pronouns (blech). i think this is language becoming less formal. i think (in my world at least) language is much less written and much more frequently spoken. starting a sentence with me just makes sense to me verbally.

3. overuse of apostrophes. the website states that the only times we are to use apostrophes are when there are missing letters or we are showing possession. in this case, "the johnson's" would be wrong, because it is neither showing possession nor is it making up for missing letters. however, again, i believe it just makes sense to a lot of us to add an apostrophe.

my website didnt talk about this, but it felt wrong to not include the idea of subject-verb agreement a great many people i know feel much more comfortable being referred to as "they," but they should not lose their personage just because they do not want to use he/she pronouns. gendered pronouns are truly a thing of the past and "they" is just as singular as he or she.

Don’t sit to close to the television. The old way of thinking and now to much screen time can have an effect on your mental health.

Commissioner, O. of the. (2021, August 16). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Additional Vaccine Dose for Certain Immunocompromised Individuals. FDA. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-additional-vaccine-dose-certain-immunocompromised

https://hapgood.us/2016/02/25/the-tragedy-of-the-stream/

Hannah Davis 🌈 on Twitter: “New CDC study finds that 36% of COVID patients never seroconvert, meaning they NEVER make antibodies! #LongCovid This is a huge finding which we need to amplify broadly! Please retweet & send to providers, patients, support groups, #MedTwitter, etc. Https://t.co/gEne4dE0TQ 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://twitter.com/ahandvanish/status/1432411002688184320?s=20

Derek Thompson on Twitter: “um, https://t.co/bW1iItRtag” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://twitter.com/DKThomp/status/1432708125971333125

To assemble 512 bytes? We can do better than that.

The title of the article immediately made me think of the world we are living in now. For example it is becoming more and more evident that the country has mixed opinions on the vaccine. The government, state agencies and other public entities are requiring proof of a vaccine to even enter the premises. Some companies are offering incentives across the country to incentivize the vaccine by offering free products and discounts. To an extent from a medical perspective you want everyone as healthy as possible, but from a freedom perspective it is on the verge of violating an individual's freedom of choice through forced compliance.

Altering the amount of time that a rat is exposed to light in a day leads to changes in the type of neurotransmitters being expressed by a set interneurons located in the hypothalamus. When the rat's daily light exposure is restricted to a shorter time frame, those interneurons favor dopamine expression. In contrast, longer daily periods of light exposure results in those same interneurons favoring somatostatin expression.

good point on the people-pleaser mindset, also worth considering with ADHD/ASD employees - try and foster more curiosity than chaos

Of all seeds found on bird poops, 93% are of introduced plant species

Hmm? Again, it makes some sense in context. Yet it could lead to quite a bit of confusion. I honestly thought it was going to be about actual tonality. Yet it’s about mode, calling it tonality. Disconnecting mode and mood. It’s nice to use simple language. This isn’t that. It’s using jargon and shifting it. The technical term for that might be… obfuscation. Strange

Emerging signs COVID-19 vaccines may not stop Delta variant transmission, England says—The Globe and Mail. (n.d.). Retrieved August 12, 2021, from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-emerging-signs-covid-19-vaccines-may-not-stop-delta-variant-england/?utm_medium=Referrer:+Social+Network+/+Media&utm_campaign=Shared+Web+Article+Links

Breakthrough cases aren’t the cause of the US Covid-19 surge—Vox. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2021, from https://www.vox.com/22602039/breakthrough-cases-covid-19-delta-variant-masks-vaccines

remove spaces before commas

"The map is not the territory" is there as a basic sentiment long before General Semantics

Mandavilli, A. (2021, August 6). New data suggest J. & J. vaccine works against Delta and recipients don’t need a booster shot. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/06/science/johnson-delta-vaccine-booster.html

Céline Gounder, MD, ScM, FIDSA. (2021, May 7). 6/ Many young Americans want to ‘wait & see.’ But they also want to do what their friends are doing. If you’re a teen or 20-something (or really anyone), be a role model! Take that selfie pic/video when you get vaccinated and post it online. Https://t.co/rB2zPmm4aK [Tweet]. @celinegounder. https://twitter.com/celinegounder/status/1390786119374184452

Available here and here:

• https://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html
• https://cds.cern.ch/record/1405411/files/ARCH-WWW-4-010.pdf

Indonesia overtakes India to become Asia’s COVID epicenter. (n.d.). Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 19 July 2021, from https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Indonesia-overtakes-India-to-become-Asia-s-COVID-epicenter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_and_Reality

Apparently this book is the one that contains his quote about western intellectual endeavors being footnotes to Plato.

This story of find and replace has chilling future potential. What if a dictatorial government doesn't like your content. It can be all to easy to remove the digital versions and replace them whole hog for "approved" ones.

Where does democracy live in such a world? Consider similar instances when the Trump administration forced the disappearance of government websites and data.

Delta variant said to be far more widespread than federal estimates—POLITICO. (n.d.). Retrieved July 8, 2021, from https://www.politico.com/news/2021/07/08/delta-coronavirus-variant-widespread-498787?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

Watching the corpse flower bloom at the Huntington for a minute or two.

Revisiting this essay to review it in the framing of digital gardens.

In a "gardens and streams" version of this metaphor, the stream is flow and the garden is stock.

This also fits into a knowledge capture, growth, and innovation framing. The stream are small atomic ideas flowing by which may create new atomic ideas. These then need to be collected (in a garden) where they can be nurtured and grow into new things.

Clippings of these new growth can be placed back into the stream to move on to other gardeners. Clever gardeners will also occasionally browse through the gardens of others to see bigger picture versions of how their gardens might become.

Proper commonplacing is about both stock and flow. The unwritten rule is that one needs to link together ideas and expand them in places either within the commonplace or external to it: essays, papers, articles, books, or other larger structures which then become stock for others.

While some creators appear to be about all stock in the modern era, it's just not true. They're consuming streams (flow) from other (perhaps richer) sources (like articles, books, television rather than social media) and building up their own stock in more private (or at least not public) places. Then they release that article, book, film, television show which becomes content stream for others.

While we can choose to create public streams, but spending our time in other less information dense steams is less useful. Better is to keep a reasonably curated stream to see which other gardens to go visit.

Currently is the online media space we have structures like microblogs and blogs (and most social media in general) which are reasonably good at creating streams (flow) and blogs, static sites, and wikis which are good for creating gardens (stock).

What we're missing is a structure with the appropriate and attendant UI that can help us create both a garden and a stream simultaneously. It would be nice to have a wiki with a steam-like feed out for the smaller attendant ideas, but still allow the evolutionary building of bigger structures, which could also be placed into the stream at occasional times.

I can imagine something like a MediaWiki with UI for placing small note-like ideas into other streams like Twitter, but which supports Webmention so that ideas that come back from Twitter or other consumers of one's stream can be placed into one's garden. Perhaps in a Zettelkasten like way, one could collect atomic notes into their wiki and then transclude those ideas into larger paragraphs and essays within the same wiki on other pages which might then become articles, books, videos, audio, etc.

Obsidian, Roam Research do a somewhat reasonable job on the private side and have some facility for collecting data, but have no UI for sharing out into streams.

Where does this idea fit into the historical concept of the commonplace book?

Griffin, S. (2021). Covid-19: Millions could be offered booster vaccinations from September. BMJ, 374, n1686. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1686

Kaplan, J., Vaccaro, A., Henning, M., & Christov-Moore, L. (2021). Moral reframing of messages about mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gfa5r

Markowitz, D. M., Song, H. (Jin), & Taylor, S. H. (2021). Tracing the Adoption and Effects of Open Science in Communication Research. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dsf67

Inasaridze, K. (2021). Psychological health and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/f7wzd

Alan Jacobs seems to be delving into the area of thought spaces provided by blogs and blogging.

In my view, they come out of a cultural tradition of commonplace books becoming digital and more social in the the modern era. Jacobs is obviously aware of the idea of Zettelkasten, but possibly hasn't come across the Sonke Ahrens' book on smart notes or the conceptualization of the "digital garden" stemming from Mike Caulfield's work.

He's also acquainted with Robin Sloane, though it's unclear if he's aware of the idea of Stock and Flow.

I've mentioned before that the era we're currently living in is incredibly different from the era of just 10–15 years ago. I've called the era of yesterdecade (where the author of this piece appeared on Colbert a ~week or so after Firefox 3 was released and implored the audience to go download it and start using it) the "Shirky era", since Shirky's Here Comes Everybody really captures the spirit of the times.

The current era of Twitter-and-GitHub has a distinct feel. At least, I can certainly feel it, as someone who's opted to remain an outsider to the T and G spheres. There's some evidence that those who haven't aren't really able to see the distinction, being too close to the problem. Young people, of course, who don't really have any memories of the era to draw upon, probably aren't able to perceive the distinction as a rule.

I've also been listening to a lot of "old" podcasts—those of the Shirky era. If ever there were a question of whether the perceived distinction is real or imagined these podcasts—particularly shows Jon Udell was involved with, which I have been enjoying immensely—eliminate any doubts about its existence. There's an identifiable feel when I go back and listen to these shows or watch technical talks from the same time period. We're definitely experiencing a lowpoint in technical visions. As I alluded to earlier, I think this has to do with a technofetishistic focus on certain development practices and software stacks that are popular right now—"the way" that you do things. Wikis have largely fallen by the wayside, bugtrackers are disused, and people are pursuing busywork on GitHub and self-promoting on social media to the detriment of the things envisioned in the Shirky era.

Giving peers permission to engage in dialogue about race and holding a lofty expectation that they will stay engaged in these conversations throughout the semester or year is the first of the four agreements for courageous conversation. While initially, some participants may be eager to enter into these conversations, our experience indicates that the more personal and thus risky these topics get, the more difficult it is for participants to stay committed and engaged." Singleton and Hays

"Music education students enter universities from diverse backgrounds that include musical experiences in “subaltern” musical practices (rock bands, music theatre, hip hop, and other genres). After four years or so in the institutional environment, we send them out to the world somehow convinced that what they ought to be teaching is the Western canon."

"Many North American music education programs exclude in vast numbers students who do not embody Euroamerican ideals. One way to begin making music education programs more socially just is to make them more inclusive. For that to happen, we need to develop programs that actively take the standpoint of the least advantaged, and work toward a common good that seeks to undermine hierarchies of advantage and disadvantage. And that, inturn, requires the ability to discuss race directly and meaningfully. Such discussions afford valuable opportunities to confront and evaluate the practical consequences of our actions as music educators. It is only through such conversations, Connell argues, that we come to understand “the real relationships and processes that generate advantage and disadvantage”(p. 125). Unfortunately, these are also conversations many white educators find uncomfortable and prefer to avoid."

FDA to add warning about rare heart inflammation to Pfizer, Moderna vaccines | Reuters. (n.d.). Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/us-panel-review-heart-inflammation-cases-after-pfizer-moderna-vaccines-2021-06-23

Covid-status certificate scheme could be unlawful discrimination, says EHRC | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 18, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/14/covid-status-certificates-may-cause-unlawful-discrimination-warns-ehrc?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

I remember an interview with Jim in the late 1990s where he said the if you threw a brick into a Warner building, there'd be no risk of hitting someone who cares for music.

Rapid Covid tests used in mass UK programme get scathing US report | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/11/us-health-agency-gives-innova-lateral-flow-covid-tests-scathing-review

Wadman, M. (2021). Antivaccine activists use a government database on side effects to scare the public. Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj6981

The streamification of the web had already taken hold enough by this point. Anil Dash had an essay in 2012 entitled Stop Publishing Web Pages which underlined this point.

SIOP/CARMA Open Science Virtual Summer Series, May&June 2021! - YouTube. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_USXkE7ICJo

Ezgi. (n.d.). SIOP/CARMA Open Science Virtual Summer Series. Consortium for the Advancement of Research Methods and Analysis (CARMA). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from https://carmattu.com/siop-carma-open-science-virtual-summer-series/

Health Department-Reported Cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in the United States ​ | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/mis-c/cases/index.html

The 60-Year-Old Scientific Screwup That Helped Covid Kill | WIRED. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2021, from https://www.wired.com/story/the-teeny-tiny-scientific-screwup-that-helped-covid-kill/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=onsite-share&utm_brand=wired&utm_social-type=earned

(((Howard Forman))). (2021, April 23). Very useful slide from #JohnsonandJohnson/Jansen today at ACIP placing TTS/CVST as an adverse event with COVID vaccine against other common vaccines and their serious adverse events. Cc: @NateSilver538 https://t.co/BQsIf7Vp8m [Tweet]. @thehowie. https://twitter.com/thehowie/status/1385656051068964864

CNN Politics. (2021, May 17). President Biden announces the US will share doses of Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccines with other countries, in addition to 60 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine https://t.co/uVZo9LMH2Z https://t.co/z8YhMF3moP [Tweet]. @CNNPolitics. https://twitter.com/CNNPolitics/status/1394349919167827973

Our institutions are colonial systems, the ivory towers render the people leading and running them to become disconnected from the very public they are supposed to be representing, ending up only serving themselves. “Do we have to burn it down and start again? Do we have to completely recalibrate it from the inside?

And to think of how I complain about how hard it is to excerpt notes from sources and get them into my own personal commonplace book?!

Makes me wonder who the inventor of the first cut and paste was?

Ben Wakana. (2021, April 14). NEW POLL: The J&J pause makes people more confident in vaccines, not less. M-O-R-E C-O-N-F-I-D-E-N-T https://t.co/bqe6bTBwiR [Tweet]. @benwakana46. https://twitter.com/benwakana46/status/1382436908689657867

Government to launch 40,000 person daily contact testing study. (n.d.). GOV.UK. Retrieved 13 May 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-to-launch-40000-person-daily-contact-testing-study

Maxmen, A. (2021). Will COVID force public health to confront America’s epic inequality?. Nature, 592(7856), 674-680.

Mentoring and Coaching are different, and being able to identify the differences between the two is important.

For managers, sometimes they need to wear a coaches hat, or a mentors hat - but these are roles that a manager can have but not their only job.

Considerations for L&D programs

• how can mentoring fit in with L&D?
• how can coaching fit in with L&D?

van de Werfhorst, H. G., Kessenich, E., & Geven, S. (2020). The Digital Divide in Online Education. Inequality in Digital Preparedness of Students and Schools before the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/58d6p

Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2020). Psychological distress and adaptation to the COVID-19 crisis in the United States [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/79f5v

Leblanc-Sirois, Y., Gagnon, M.-È., & Blanchette, I. (2020). Emotions, reasoning, and mental health as predictors of behavior during three phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2p39h

Anderson-Carpenter, K. D., & Neal, Z. (2020). Racial disparities in COVID-19 impacts in Michigan, USA [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v2jda

Masuyama, A., Shinkawa, H., & kubo, takahiro. (2020). Development and validation of the Japanese version Fear of COVID-19 Scale among adolescents. [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jkmut

Meyer, M., Gjorgjieva, T., & Rosica, D. (2020). Healthcare worker intentions to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and reasons for hesitancy: A survey of 16,158 health system employees on the eve of vaccine distribution. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ge6uh

Franceschini, C., Musetti, A., Zenesini, C., Palagini, L., Pelosi, A., Quattropani, M. C., Lenzo, V., Freda, M. F., Lemmo, D., Vegni, E., Borghi, L., Saita, E., Cattivelli, R., De Gennaro, L., Plazzi, G., Riemann, D., & Castelnuovo, G. (2020). Poor quality of sleep and its consequences on mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ah6j3

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Lee, S. J., Ward, K. P., Lee, J. Y., & Rodriguez, C. (2020). Parental Social Isolation and Child Maltreatment Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2wfgr

Angulo, M. T., Castaños, F., Velasco-Hernandez, J. X., & Moreno, J. A. (2020). A simple criterion to design optimal nonpharmaceutical interventions for epidemic outbreaks. MedRxiv, 2020.05.19.20107268. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.20107268

Adjiwanou, V., Alam, N., Alkema, L., Asiki, G., Bawah, A., Béguy, D., Cetorelli, V., Dube, A., Feehan, D., Fisker, A. B., Gage, A., Garcia, J., Gerland, P., Guillot, M., Gupta, A., Haider, M. M., Helleringer, S., Jasseh, M., Kabudula, C., … You, D. (2020). Measuring excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and lower-middle income countries: The need for mobile phone surveys [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4bu3q

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Betsch, C., Korn, L., Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., & Böhm, R. (2020). Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(36), 21851–21853. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011674117

Tutnjević, S., & Lakić, S. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/su3nv

Tuncgenc, B., El Zein, M., Sulik, J., Newson, M., Zhao, Y., Dezecache, G., & Deroy, O. (2020). We distance most when we believe our social circle does [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u74wc

Barrick, E., Thornton, M. A., & Tamir, D. (2020). Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yjfg3

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Fluharty, M., Paul, E., & Fancourt, D. (2020). Predictors and patterns of gambling behaviour across the COVID-19 lockdown: Findings from a UK cohort study. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8qthw