Schafer, B. (2021, October 5). RT Deutsch Finds a Home with Anti-Vaccination Skeptics in Germany. Alliance For Securing Democracy. https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/rt-deutsch-youtube-antivaccination-germany/

Warner, E. L., Barbati, J. L., Duncan, K. L., Yan, K., & Rains, S. A. (2022). Vaccine misinformation types and properties in Russian troll tweets. Vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.040

Laurent, C. de S., Murphy, G., Hegarty, K., & Greene, C. (2021). Measuring the effects of misinformation exposure on behavioural intentions. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2xngy

Bevan, R. (2022, February 27). Discord Bans Covid-19 And Vaccine Misinformation. The Gamer. https://www.thegamer.com/discord-anti-vax-covid-19-misinformation-ban-community-guidelines/

Caulfield, T. (2017, October 24). The Vaccination Picture by Timothy Caulfield. Penguin Random House Canada. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/565776/the-vaccination-picture-by-timothy-caulfield/9780735234994

Notion – The all-in-one workspace for your notes, tasks, wikis, and databases. (n.d.). Notion. Retrieved 14 February 2022, from https://www.notion.so

With Only 26% of Pregnant People in the United States Vaccinated Against COVID-19, New Survey Sheds Light on the Reasons Why. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2021, from https://www.mavenclinic.com/post/covid-19-vaccine-survey-pregnant-people?utm_content=185156625&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&hss_channel=tw-2236392565

De Block Golding, D. (2021, April 7). Viral video contains several false pandemic claims. Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/health/viral-video-contains-several-false-pandemic-claims/

Johnson, S. (2021, June 7). Spat at, abused, attacked: Healthcare staff face rising violence during Covid. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/jun/07/spat-at-abused-attacked-healthcare-staff-face-rising-violence-during-covid

DemTech | COVID-19 Misinformation Newsletter 24 August 2021. (2021, August 24). https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/covid-19-misinformation-newsletter-24-august-2021/#continue

Cubbon, S. (2021, March 17). Fringe communities feed on RT coverage to undermine Covid-19 vaccinations. First Draft. https://firstdraftnews.org:443/articles/rt-fringe-undermine-covid-vaccinations/

Zaig, G. (n.d.). 20% of Americans believe microchips are inside COVID-19 vaccines—Study. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.Com. Retrieved July 21, 2021, from https://www.jpost.com/omg/20-percent-of-americans-believe-microchips-are-inside-covid-19-vaccine-study-674272

Borger, J. (2021, October 29). Covid bioweapon claims ‘scientifically invalid’, US intelligence reports. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/29/us-intelligence-report-covid-origins

How to report misinformation. (n.d.). Retrieved August 27, 2021, from https://www.who.int/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/how-to-report-misinformation-online

Epstein, Z., Berinsky, A., Cole, R., Gully, A., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2021). Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sjfbn

Karan, A. (2022). We cannot afford to repeat these four pandemic mistakes. BMJ, 376, o631. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o631

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 3). masking is not an “unevidenced intervention” and, at this point, it is outright disinformation to claim so. Sad coming from an academic at a respectable institution [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478003733518819334

Meet the media startups making big money on vaccine conspiracies. (n.d.). Fortune. Retrieved December 23, 2021, from https://fortune.com/2021/05/14/disinformation-media-vaccine-covid19/

Petersen, M. B., Rasmussen, M. S., Lindholt, M. F., & Jørgensen, F. J. (2021). Pandemic Fatigue and Populism: The Development of Pandemic Fatigue during the COVID-19 Pandemic and How It Fuels Political Discontent across Eight Western Democracies. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y6wm4

Five biggest myths about the COVID-19 vaccines, debunked. (n.d.). Fortune. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from https://fortune.com/2021/10/02/five-biggest-myths-covid-19-vaccines/

Kolina Koltai, PhD [@KolinaKoltai]. (2021, September 27). When you search ‘Covid-19’ on Amazon, the number 1 product is from known antivaxxer Dr. Mercola. 4 out of the top 8 items are either vaccine opposed/linked to conspiratorial narratives about covid. Amazon continues to be a venue for vaccine misinformation. Https://t.co/rWHhZS8nPl [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/KolinaKoltai/status/1442545052954202121

SmartDevelopmentFund [@SmartDevFund]. (2021, November 2). A kit that enables users to disable misinformation: The #DigitalEnquirerKit empowers #journalists, civil society #activists and human rights defenders at the #COVID19 information front-line. Find out more: Http://sdf.d4dhub.eu #smartdevelopmentfund #innovation #Infopowered https://t.co/YZVooirtU9 [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SmartDevFund/status/1455549507949801472

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “RT @CaulfieldTim: Incredible how ‘natural immunity’ topic continually misrepresented by #antivaxx community. The usual suspects (e.g., th…” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1474060743217754115

Katherine Ognyanova. (2022, February 15). Americans who believe COVID vaccine misinformation tend to be more vaccine-resistant. They are also more likely to distrust the government, media, science, and medicine. That pattern is reversed with regard to trust in Fox News and Donald Trump. Https://osf.io/9ua2x/ (5/7) https://t.co/f6jTRWhmdF [Tweet]. @Ognyanova. https://twitter.com/Ognyanova/status/1493596109926768645

Nerd, G. M.-K. H. (2021, December 22). Of Course Unvaccinated People Should Get Medical Care. Medium. https://gidmk.medium.com/of-course-unvaccinated-people-should-get-medical-care-34b26ae7eaa4

Dr. Jonathan N. Stea. (2021, January 25). Covid-19 misinformation? We’re over it. Pseudoscience? Over it. Conspiracies? Over it. Want to do your part to amplify scientific expertise and evidence-based health information? Join us. 🇨🇦 Follow us @ScienceUpFirst. #ScienceUpFirst https://t.co/81iPxXXn4q. Https://t.co/mIcyJEsPXe [Tweet]. @jonathanstea. https://twitter.com/jonathanstea/status/1353705111671869440

Kit Yates. (2021, September 27). This is absolutely despicable. This bogus “consent form” is being sent to schools and some are unquestioningly sending it out with the real consent form when arranging for vaccination their pupils. Please spread the message and warn other parents to ignore this disinformation. Https://t.co/lHUvraA6Ez [Tweet]. @Kit_Yates_Maths. https://twitter.com/Kit_Yates_Maths/status/1442571448112013319

John West 🕯💙. (2021, February 5). Today is a good day In terms of one less source of misinformation https://t.co/VGUvcqkMWV [Tweet]. @JohnWest_JAWS. https://twitter.com/JohnWest_JAWS/status/1357814722482089985

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 17). The global infodemic has driven trust in all news sources to record lows with social media (35%) and owned media (41% the least trusted; traditional media (53%) saw largest drop in trust at 8 points globally. Https://t.co/C86chd3bb4 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362022502743105541

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 17). The Covid-19 pandemic has accelerated the erosion of trust around the world: Significant drop in trust in the two largest economies: The U.S. (40%) and Chinese (30%) governments are deeply distrusted by respondents from the 26 other markets surveyed. 1/2 https://t.co/C86chd3bb4 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362021569476894726

A_thankless_task. (2021, September 27). @judysimpson222 @KatyMcconkey @beverleyturner Just for anyone interested in why this is a piece of crap. Https://t.co/2XmuuImYzy [Tweet]. @AThankless. https://twitter.com/AThankless/status/1442586893502140417

(20) James 💙 Neill—😷 🇪🇺🇮🇪🇬🇧🔶 on Twitter: “The domain sending that fake NHS vaccine consent hoax form to schools has been suspended. Excellent work by @martincampbell2 and fast co-operation by @kualo 👍 FYI @fascinatorfun @Kit_Yates_Maths @dgurdasani1 @AThankless https://t.co/pbAgNfkbEs” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2021, from https://twitter.com/jneill/status/1442784873014566913

ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 10). Now #scibeh2020: Presentation and Q&A with Martha Scherzer, senior risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) Consultant at the World Health Organization https://t.co/Gsr66BRGcJ [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1326148149870809089

Matthew Hodson. (2021, February 14). Doctors @vanessa_apea and @crageshri busting myths about COVID-19 vaccination. #aidsmapLIVE https://t.co/AgJemVJXWV [Tweet]. @Matthew_Hodson. https://twitter.com/Matthew_Hodson/status/1360856207242768384

Amy Maxmen, PhD. (2020, August 26). 🙄The CDC’s only substantial communication with the public in the pandemic is through its MMW Reports. But the irrelevant & erroneous 1st line of this latest report suggests political meddling to me. (The WHO doesn’t declare pandemics. They declare PHEICs, which they did Jan 30) https://t.co/Y1NlHbQIYQ [Tweet]. @amymaxmen. https://twitter.com/amymaxmen/status/1298660729080356864

(1) ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @MDaware: But 3 people had URI symptoms in november https://t.co/JcAom73VzM’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 21 June 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1402049602015023106

Mills, M. C., & Sivelä, J. (2021). Should spreading anti-vaccine misinformation be criminalised? BMJ, 372, n272. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n272

Stefan Simanowitz. (2021, March 18). 1/. The PM claims that the govt “stuck to the science like glue” But this is not true At crucial times they ignored the science or concocted pseudo-scientific justifications for their actions & inaction This thread, & the embedded threads, set them out https://t.co/dhXqkSL1bz [Tweet]. @StefSimanowitz. https://twitter.com/StefSimanowitz/status/1372460227619135493

Adam Kucharski. (2020, December 13). I’ve turned down a lot of COVID-related interviews/events this year because topic was outside my main expertise and/or I thought there were others who were better placed to comment. Science communication isn’t just about what you take part in – it’s also about what you decline. [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1338079300097077250

The Troll Zoo. (2021, May 4). 3. As an example, this popular post amended the headline of a Guardian story, to say that Devi Sridhar had claimed that ‘coronavirus can infect camels’. Https://t.co/6lRPYNZgdQ [Tweet]. @TrollZoo. https://twitter.com/TrollZoo/status/1389547190863994882

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @MollyJongFast: One of the most powerful conservative celebrities is actively working against vaccinations https://t.co/Kz8hJuLQtK’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1389984427158110216

Youyang Gu. (2021, May 25). Is containing COVID-19 a requirement for preserving the economy? My analysis suggests: Probably not. In the US, there is no correlation between Covid deaths & changes in unemployment rates. However, blue states are much more likely to have higher increases in unemployment. 🧵 https://t.co/JrikBtawEb [Tweet]. @youyanggu. https://twitter.com/youyanggu/status/1397230156301930497

Dr. Syra Madad. (2021, February 7). What we hear most often “talk to your health care provider if you have any questions/concerns on COVID19 vaccines” Vs Where many are actually turning to for COVID19 vaccine info ⬇️ This is also why it’s so important for the media to report responsibly based on science/evidence [Tweet]. @syramadad. https://twitter.com/syramadad/status/1358509900398272517

EU DisinfoLab. (2021, March 9). 🗣️In this week’s #IWD2021 update: We highlight initiatives promoting gender equality and women safeguarding our digital information ecosystem. We also acknowledging the rise in online GBV and the threat of gendered disinformation. ▶️https://disinfo.eu/outreach/our-newsletter/disinfo-update-09-03-2021 #WomeninOSINT [Tweet]. @DisinfoEU. https://twitter.com/DisinfoEU/status/1369198151639441411

David Leonhardt. (2021, February 19). For weeks, the public messages about vaccines have been more negative than the facts warrant. Now we are seeing the cost: A large percentage of Americans wouldn’t take a vaccine if offered one. 🧵... [Tweet]. @DLeonhardt. https://twitter.com/DLeonhardt/status/1362767520764203011

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘@Holdmypint @ollysmithtravel @AllysonPollock Omicron might be changing things- the measure has to be evaluated relative to the situation in Austria at the time, not Ireland 3 months later with a different variant’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 25 March 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1487130621696741388

Carl T. Bergstrom. (2022, January 11). Curious if this what @Twitter meant when they talked about their commitment to combat covid disinformation. Https://t.co/sxrhNVTFW8 [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1480760362496446464

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2022, January 28). @ollysmithtravel @AllysonPollock that is a policy alternative one could consider- whether it’s more or less effective, more or less equitable, or even implementable in the current Austrian health care framework would need careful consideration.... None of that saves the argument in the initial tweet [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1487043954654818316

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, February 4). RT @CT_Bergstrom: An unusual degree of self-awareness from the twitter sidebar. Https://t.co/kqQBcscd4r [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1489492019928080386

Nerd, G. M.-K. H. (2022, March 2). Focused Protection From the Great Barrington Declaration Never Made Sense. Medium. https://gidmk.medium.com/focused-protection-from-the-great-barrington-declaration-never-made-sense-416b86ac5f06

Social Media Conversations in Support of Herd Immunity are Driven by Bots. (n.d.). Federation Of American Scientists. Retrieved March 31, 2022, from https://fas.org/blogs/fas/2020/10/social-media-conversations-in-support-of-herd-immunity-are-driven-by-bots/

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, March 14). RT @jitsuvax: Https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/home Short update to the @jitsuvax and @SciBeh COVID-19 Communication Handbook. 🥪 Using the Fact-Sandwich… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1503641642129145857

🦇Amy Lasky, MD 🦇. (2021, October 8). If anyone likes anecdotes and has concerns about the covid vaccine and fertility—Let me tell you without question it does NOT cause infertility 👀 [Tweet]. @AmyLaskyMD. https://twitter.com/AmyLaskyMD/status/1446569443035914248

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘this really is now a disinformation account. I retweeted posts earlier in the pandemic as part of a balanced spread of opinion. But this will be the last one...’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 March 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478485258395951108

Eric Nelson. (2021, November 20). RFK jr’s book alleging Bill Gates funded fake negative hydroxycholoroquine studies to rob us of a Covid miracle cure is now #1 on Amazon. [Tweet]. @literaryeric. https://twitter.com/literaryeric/status/1462065394802429960

Prof. Christina Pagel 🇺🇦. (2021, December 7). This is what it feels like again https://xkcd.com/2278/ https://t.co/q6XyUTYiPe [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1468184343399084034

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 6). RT @GidMK: Perhaps unsurprisingly, this is an absolutely awful study filled with issues and numeric mistakes https://t.co/hvEv5gMMn2 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478987492552589314

Prof. Gavin Yamey MD MPH. (2021, December 29). Good things sometimes do happen One of the world’s worst peddlers of dangerous vaccine disinformation His supporters will scream “censorship!” but I for one am happy that his horrific nonsense about vaccines won’t feature on Twitter https://t.co/9DvateIuDG [Tweet]. @GYamey. https://twitter.com/GYamey/status/1476283673376956422

Prof Peter Hotez MD PhD. (2021, December 30). When the antivaccine disinformation crowd declares twisted martyrdom when bumped from social media or condemned publicly: They contributed to the tragic and needless loss of 200,000 unvaccinated Americans since June who believed their antiscience gibberish. They’re the aggressors [Tweet]. @PeterHotez. https://twitter.com/PeterHotez/status/1476393357006065670

Abdul-Jabbar, K. (2021, November 8). Aaron Rodgers Didn’t Just Lie [Substack newsletter]. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. https://kareem.substack.com/p/aaron-rodgers-didnt-just-lie

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 20). RT @CaulfieldTim: Timothy Caulfield: Misinformation – Vaccines, Vaccine Hesitancy & Media https://youtu.be/wQSIo1AmQMw via @CARPNews @Zoomer… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1472984068291764224

Myths about COVID-19 vaccination. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/misinfo_myths

John Bye. (2022, January 6). Despite repeatedly being proven wrong by subsequent events, covid disinformation groups like HART have constantly been given a platform on TV and radio throughout the pandemic. Even after #hartleaks revealed many of their members to be anti-vax conspiracy cranks. 🧵2: Broadcast https://t.co/I3unq04gij [Tweet]. @_johnbye. https://twitter.com/_johnbye/status/1479202308139409413

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @amymaxmen: Link to the meeting: Https://t.co/3UH1R8fblN’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 22 March 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1486268859741052930

Bad Vaccine Takes. (2022, January 26). This account is fake https://t.co/r5SXmzuPQj [Tweet]. @BadVaccineTakes. https://twitter.com/BadVaccineTakes/status/1486445924071129097

Quinn, E. K., Fenton, S., Ford-Sahibzada, C. A., Harper, A., Marcon, A. R., Caulfield, T., Fazel, S. S., & Peters, C. E. (2022). COVID-19 and Vitamin D Misinformation on YouTube: Content Analysis. JMIR Infodemiology, 2(1), e32452. https://doi.org/10.2196/32452

Kim Reynolds ending COVID disaster declaration, shutting down vaccination and case count websites. (n.d.). Des Moines Register. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2022/02/03/iowa-governor-kim-reynolds-end-covid-disaster-policies-vaccination-case-websites-omicron/6653655001/

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, February 15). RT @Ryanair: We’re not an airline but we do fly planes #Djokovic https://t.co/wivO3L2dTp [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1493901621578936324

University, G. W. (n.d.). Facebook’s vaccine misinformation policy reduces anti-vax information. Retrieved March 7, 2022, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-facebook-vaccine-misinformation-policy-anti-vax.html

The Family Soup Company. (2022, February 19). A lesson in how misinformation becomes fact in too many minds. Thread: Meet @SaraCarterDC. Her bio says she’s an award winning correspondent who works with @FoxNews. Three hours ago, Sara tweeted that someone in the occupier demo died after police on horses pushed through. 1/ https://t.co/fpaYDctQVn [Tweet]. @mypoortiredsoul. https://twitter.com/mypoortiredsoul/status/1494912722156331008

Dan Freedman, DO. (2022, February 19). No, the CDC did not quietly revise language development guidelines to hide mask induced delays. This is misinformation. The change is based on a 15 year update on the 2004 recs & a lit review performed in 2019 with the explicit goal of identifying higher risk kids. 1/ https://t.co/TlV76bIb7n [Tweet]. @dfreedman7. https://twitter.com/dfreedman7/status/1494846691752751104

Tyler Black, MD. (2022, January 25). /1 Hi Lucy and your colleagues. Your advocacy toolkit contains poorly sourced, contexted, and biased information on mental health during the pandemic/schooling. And I have receipts too! (Thread) #urgencyofnormal https://t.co/JeWKE0iGn1 [Tweet]. @tylerblack32. https://twitter.com/tylerblack32/status/1486111652076527623

How cherry-picking science became the center of the anti-mask movement. (2022, February 14). Gothamist. https://gothamist.com

Nerd, G. M.-K. H. (2021, December 29). Ivermectin Didn’t Save Uttar Pradesh From Covid-19. Elemental. https://gidmk.medium.com/ivermectin-didnt-save-uttar-pradesh-from-covid-19-17684f49d8b3

Eric Feigl-Ding. (2022, January 17). Pandemic leadership matters. #COVID19 mortality per capita by state. 📍Public health is policy, policy is politics. 📍Human behavior is often driven by misinformation. 📍Misinformation is often driven by politics. 📍Politics can be changed by voting—Unless voters can’t. Https://t.co/pFkndQZrfr [Tweet]. @DrEricDing. https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1483181226815012867

News ·, A. M. · C. (2022, January 15). Canadian COVID-19 vaccine study seized on by anti-vaxxers—Highlighting dangers of early research in pandemic | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/covid-19-vaccine-study-omicron-anti-vaxxers-1.6315890

McNeill, B. (n.d.). Patients undergoing treatment for cancer more susceptible to COVID-19 misinformation, study finds. VCU News. Retrieved February 14, 2022, from https://news.vcu.edu/article/2022/02/patients-undergoing-treatment-for-cancer-more-susceptible-to-covid-19-misinformation