Activity 源码中的「private static final boolean DEBUG_LIFECYCLE = false;」有什么作用？

As you note, Activity diagrams inherently can include concurrency and timing. If you look at this example cribbed from Wikipedia, shown below, you can observe the section with two heavy horizontal bars, and two parallel activities of "present idea" and "record idea". That is read as "start these activities in parallel, and continue only when both are complete." Flowcharts can't express this within the notation. Practically, using activity diagrams lets you think clearly about concurrent processes. I think you'll find that anyone who can read a flowchart will quickly adapt.

Activity diagram spreads confusion by its own name, there must be a reason why nobody understand them and ask similar questions.

It might seem as a preference, but if we have a standardized language for describing software systems, Why do we use something else? This can lead to bad habit of overusing flowcharts. Activity diagrams are really simple. But if you decide to describe a more complicated aspect of the system or try to change the part you are describing, you might have to switch anyway. So just use UML and prevent confusion in the future.

A sharp rise in reported active volcanoes immediately post-WW II was followed by another steep increase in the early 1950s that has no obvious relationship to historic events.

A simplified freezing point depression (FPD) equation was derived for calculating water activity (aw) of food systems. The aw values as calculated by FPD data agreed with literature data for a variety of foods to within ± 0.01 aw units. The FPD equation was found particularly useful for calculating aw values of frozen foods at temperatures between 273.1.5–233.15 °K (0 to −40°C).

About 1930 it began to be evident that the nerve cell is not physiologically inert, does not have to be excited from outside in order to discharge (19, p. 8). The nervous system is alive, and living things by their nature are active. With the demonstration of spontaneous activity in c.n.s. it seemed to me that the conception of a drive system or systems was supererogation. For reasons I shall come to later, this now appears to me to have been an oversimplification; but in 1945 the only problem of motivation, I thought, was to account for the direction taken by behavior. From this point of view, hunger or pain might be peculiarly effective in guiding or channeling activity but not needed for its arousal. It was not surprising, from this point of view, to see human beings liking intellectual work, nor to find evidence that an animal might learn something without pressure of pain or hunger. The energy of response is not in the stimulus. It comes from the food, water, and oxygen ingested by the animal; and the violence of an epileptic convulsion, when brain cells for whatever reason decide to fire in synchrony, bears witness to what the nervous system can do when it likes. This is like a whole powder magazine exploding at once. Ordinary behavior can be thought of as produced by an organized series of much smaller explosions, and so a "self-motivating" c.n.s. might still be a very powerfully motivated one. To me, then, it was astonishing that a critic could refer to mine as a "motivationless" psychology. What I had said in short was that any organized process in the brain is a motivated process, inevitably, inescapably; that the human brain is built to be active, and that as long as it is supplied with adequate nutrition will continue to be active. Brain activity is what determines behavior, and so the only behavioral problem becomes that of accounting for inactivity.

What the Internet has done to date is expand the potentiality formore widespread, instantaneous awareness of activity and consequences on aglobal scale. This means that verifiability need not be personal—so long asreliable information can be retrieved from information systems. But havingretrieved the information or having it instantaneously available does not meanthat we have the capacity to act upon it.

Whether you agree or not, to me there's nothing in this world that is entirely apolitical - when there are people there is politics. You don't have to agree with my views, nor do I expect you to. Diversity and disagreement is what drives mankind forward.

Personally I think it is a very bad idea to leverage political views, even if I may share them, through software.

The PDMs of this model show promise in revealing the important dynamic characteristics of the underlying physiological mechanisms and allow the formulation of specific quantitative hypotheses about the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity (corresponding to specific PDMs) in cerebral perfusion and autoregulation. Consistent with the widely held view regarding the temporal characteristics of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system, it is posited that the HR PDMs with a resonant spectral peak around 0.2 Hz may be associated with parasympathetic activity, whereas the PDMs with a resonant spectral peak around 0.12 Hz may be associated with sympathetic activity

Of the different instantaneous HRV indices computed by the point process technique, we selected the instantaneous high frequency power (HF) as our representative HRV metric. Heart rate HF power has garnered the greatest consensus for reflecting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) modulation by parasympathetic activity

I enjoy it as a quiet type of game you can play even when you've had a long, tough day. And I don't mind pulling unusable tiles; at least you get to take another one instead of missing your turn. There's just something relaxing about it. After all, lots of people enjoy sitting for hours playing Patience and this is much more entertaining than that.

“Follow your blisters” implies something that you come back to so many times that you eventually move past the blister stage, into toughened skin. Eventually, the activity “marks you” through use and practice, and you develop a special competence. When you practice an activity a bit more obsessively than other people, you build unique character – you earn some wear and some healing that makes you idiosyncratic, and a little unbalanced.It is something that you don’t need to put on your to-do list, something you care enough about to return to repeatedly, even though it causes discomfort. Over time, you develop a layer of protection that enables you to do that something more easily.

When nesting an activity with multiple outcomes, you can wire each terminus to a different route.

For example, an output using Track(:create) will snap to the next possible task that is “magnetic to” :create. That’s how tracks or paths are created.

Semantics are mostly relevant for nesting

Remember, in a railway activity each task has two standard outputs with the “semantics” success and failure.

By using Output(:semantic), you can select an existing output of the task and rewire it.

Why don’t we put the “create user” task onto the failure track, and in case of successfully persisting the new user, we deviate back to the happy path?

the Activity component is the heart of TRB

To implement such an activity, we only need to rewire the second step’s failure output to a new terminus.

Since you can reference outputs by their semantic, you as a modeller only connect conceptual termini to ongoing connections!

it’s a bit as if the following wiring is applied to every task added via #step

Additionally, you may add debugging steps, error handler or rewire the conditions dynamically without touching the original snippet.

Suppose that the validate task was getting quite complex and bloated. When writing “normal” Ruby, you’d break up one method into several. In Trailblazer, that’s when you introduce a new, smaller activity.

Knowing about the wiring mechanics in Trailblazer is one thing. However, the real fun starts with nesting activities. That’s when the ideas of encapsulation, interfaces and reducing dependencies really come into play.

Nesting an activity into another is a bit like calling a library method from another method

the explicit modelling has one massive advantage: all possible outcomes of the nested activity are visible and have to be connected in the outer diagram

List of Health Practices

or even configure its taskWrap

Please note that the I/O DSL is only providing the most-used requirements. Feel free to use the low-level taskWrap API to build your own variable mapping with different scoping techniques.

step :direct_debit

Activities are a necessary abstraction on top of Ruby.

An operation has two invocation styles. This is the only difference to an Activity.

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a standard for business process modeling that provides a graphical notation for specifying business processes in a Business Process Diagram (BPD),[3] based on a flowcharting technique very similar to activity diagrams from Unified Modeling Language (UML).

Unlike naming children, coding involves naming things on a daily basis. When you write code, naming things isn’t just hard, it’s a relentless demand for creativity. Fortunately, programmers are creative people.

Naming is just one part of the micro-design activity that we call programming. If design weren’t hard, we wouldn’t find good design so satisfying.

Was this change gradual? Deliberate? Fortuitous? And/or contrary to the desires of most Americans?

In your evaluation, rank the successes and failures of each and their most significant limitations.

Evaluate business reform, labor reform, the Populists, the Progressives, and efforts to expand democratic participation during our period.

Why was such great energy, passion, and courage committed to reform movements during our period?

How did WASP winners “understand” the casualties of the American system?

Are these issues and behaviors relevant today?

What behaviors did the document seek to justify

Was there a consensus of ideology

Were they unique in fundamental ways?

Define these people and demonstrate their most significant characteristics and behaviors

Connect causes and consequences to each. Were these outcomes inevitable

What factors best explain the relative conditions of the groups on your lists?

List, in rank order, the most significant groups of winners and losers.

How We Make Sense of Time

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“I’ll skip my turn, thanks.”

Matz, alas, I cannot offer one. You see, Ruby--coding generally--is just a hobby for me. I spend a fair bit of time answering Ruby questions on SO and would have reached for this method on many occasions had it been available. Perhaps readers with development experience (everybody but me?) could reflect on whether this method would have been useful in projects they've worked on.